2026中考英语二轮复习专题突破精讲本09 专题二 第1讲 名词课件

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人教2026中考英语二轮复习 讲解课件
专题突破
专题二　需要变形的名词、形容词和副词、代词、数词
第1讲　名词
湖北等地适用
知识梳理
命题点
1
名词的分类（完形填空：2025省卷4考， 2024省卷5考）
类别 意义 湖北2025、2024
年中考考查词汇
普通名词 个体名词 表示单个的人或事物的名词，一般指具体的人或物 dad， gift， school
集体名词 表示一群人或一类事物的名词 /
类别 意义 湖北2025、2024
年中考考查词汇
普通名词 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的东西的名词 /
抽象名词 表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的名词 future，surprise，support， interest， try， attention
类别 意义 湖北2025、2024
年中考考查词汇
专有名词 表示人名、尊称或头衔，国名、地名、山河名，团体、机构或报刊，星期、月份和节日等名词 /
命题点
2
名词的数（短文填空：2025省卷3考， 2024省卷39、43）
1. 可数名词
可数名词有单数（2025省卷44、45；2024省卷 39、43）和复数（2025省卷42）两种形式，如：camera，cameras；可数名词可以被基数词、不定冠词(a/an)、many等修饰，如：three boys，an apple，many students。
2. 不可数名词
不可数名词没有复数形式，如：tea，meat；若要表示不可数名词的量，可用量词加不可数名词，如：a piece of paper， two cups of tea。不可数名词的量化方法如下：
分类 表示方法 示例
具体的量 数词/不定冠词（a/an）＋表数量的名词＋of＋不可数名词 a piece of paper， three kilos of rice
大概的量 表示量的限定词＋不可数名词 some water， a lot of money
命题点
3
名词所有格
1. ’s所有格
用法 构成方法 示例
有生命的单数名词 加’s my son’s pen， Lily’s friends
有生命的复数名词 以s结尾加’ the teachers’ office　　　　
students’ books
不以s结尾加’s women’s work
用法 构成方法 示例
表示几个人共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加’s Tom and Jim’s room
表示每个人各自拥有 在每个名词后加’s Mike’s and John’s desks
表示时间、距离、 国家等的名词 单数加’s an hour’s walk　　　　
China’s products
以s结尾的复数加’ five minutes’ walk
two weeks’ holiday
【拓展】
（1）基数词＋连字符＋可数名词单数，一般用作定语修饰名词，它相当于“基数词＋名词所有格”，如：a two-day trip=two days’ trip（两天的旅行）。
（2）在表示“店铺”、“某人的家”、“诊所”、“办公室”的名词所有格后，一般省去被修饰的表示地点的名词。如：at the doctor’s（在诊所）；go to my uncle’s（去我叔叔家）。
（3）一些具有名词性质的复合不定代词，如：someone， everybody等和else连用时，’s应加在else后。如：somebody else’s pencil（别人的铅笔）。
2. of所有格
用法 示例
表示无生命名词的所有关系 The doves are the symbol of peace.
表示名词化的形容词（the＋形容词）的所有关系 the housing problem of the poor
of 后跟含后置定语的名词 the name of the girl in red
注意：有生命的名词’s所有格和of所有格可以互换。如：the girl’s smile =the smile of the girl 3. 双重所有格
双重所有格主要表示整体中的一部分，有两种形式：
（1）名词＋of＋’s名词所有格。如：a friend of my father’s我父亲的一个朋友
（2）名词＋of＋名词性物主代词。如：a book of mine我的一本书
知识必背
（1）既是可数名词，又是不可数名词的单词
名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数
experience 经历 经验 fish 鱼的种类；鱼 鱼肉
work 作品 工作 room 房间 空间
time 次数；倍数 时间 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
paper 试卷；论文 纸 chalk （各种颜色的）粉笔 （单指）粉笔
（2）可数名词与不可数名词的修饰语
只修饰可数名词 few几乎没有　　 a few少许　　
several几个　　　　　　many很多
a couple of两个；一对　　　 　
a （great/large） number of许多
只修饰不可数名词 little很少；几乎没有　 a little一点儿　
much很多　　 a good/great deal of很多
a bit of一点儿　 　 　 a large amount of大量的
既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词 some一些　　 a lot of/lots of很多　　
plenty of充足的　 　enough足够的
综合检测
小题夯基
短文填空微训练
Group 1
advice　artist　mistake　spirit　victory
1. （2025云南）Alice， you must wear a uniform because it builds school 　spirit　.
2. （2025天津）Daming often asks his teacher for 　advice　 about how to improve his English.
spirit
advice
3. （2025兰州改编）His cousin keeps on painting in order to become a famous 　artist　.
4. Thanks to the team spirit， we won the 　victory　 in the end and all of us will value this experience.
5. We should know 　mistakes　 are part of our life and we just need to learn from them and do better next time.
artist
victory
mistakes
advice　artist　mistake　spirit　victory
Group 2
center　friend　leaf　sleep　thank
1. Mrs. Wang is a warm and 　friendly　 person.
2. We should be 　thankful　 for the love and care from our parents and friends.
friendly
thankful
3. Many cities have 　central　 parks， which are good places for people to have fun and relax.
central
4. Tea is considered as a kind of drink that can make people awake. So many people would like to drink it when they feel 　sleepy　.
5. In autumn， fallen 　leaves　cover the whole street， and the street turns golden.
sleepy
leaves
center　friend　leaf　sleep　thank
语篇提能
一、微完形填空
Passage 1（2025天津改编）
The sports meeting was coming. Mario was going to take part in the 　.1　. He needed a new pair of 　2　， because there were holes near the big toes （脚趾） of the old ones.
（　C　）1. A. party B. trip C. race D. picnic
（　A　）2. A. shoes B. glasses C. socks D. gloves
C
A
On a Sunday morning， Mario’s mother took him to the 　3　. A shop worker measured （量） Mario’s feet. “Your 　4　 are size 2，” the shop worker said.
（　A　）3. A. store B. museum C. library D. park
（　D　）4. A. teeth B. hands C. legs D. feet
A
D
“But I only wore size 1 last year!” said Mario. Mario looked at the shoes on the shelf. He chose two different pairs to try on. One pair was black. The other was blue. The shop worker brought two 　5　. In each box， there was a size 2 pair of shoes that Mario chose.
（　B　）5. A. gifts B. boxes C. bags D. bottles
B
Mario tried on the two pairs of shoes. The black ones pinched （挤痛） his toes when he walked. Then Mario tried on the blue ones. He walked and jumped in 　6　. “Mum， I want to buy the blue ones， because they feel just right，” Mario said to his mother happily.
（　B　）6. A. trouble B. excitement C. sadness D. fear
B
“I can’t wait to wear my new shoes to school tomorrow!” Mario shouted.
Passage 2
Andrew loved playing football. One day， they started a 　1　 in the playground. When Andrew’s friend tried to pass him the ball， Andrew used his 　2　 to catch it.
（　A　）1. A. match B. plan C. journey D. meeting
（　B　）2. A. leg B. hand C. head D. foot
“Don’t touch the ball like that! You are against the rules.” His friend got 　3　 and shouted. However， Andrew just laughed and said， “I think it doesn’t matter.”
（　D　）3. A. happy B. nervous C. excited D. angry
A
B
D
The other boys told Andrew that these rules were fair for 　4　. They can ensure（确保） the safety of every player in the game. Without them， people may get hurt 　5　. But Andrew didn’t agree with them. Finally， his friends didn’t want to play with him.
（　B　）4. A. something B. everybody C. nobody D. anything
（　A　）5. A. easily B. luckily C. slowly D. secretly
Andrew went home sadly. His mother noticed that and 　6　 him the reason. Andrew told her everything.
（　D　）6. A. brought B. wrote C. found D. asked
B
A
D
“The truth is that 　7　 are not only for others， but also for you. They let everyone enjoy the game together. When you 　8　 them， you show respect to your friends and the sport，” his mother said.
（　A　）7. A. rules B. habits C. opinions D. suggestions
（　C　）8. A. refuse B. change C. follow D. spread
A
C
（　B　）10. A. choice B. chance C. dream D. question
B
The next day, Andrew said sorry to his friends. He made a 　9　, “I’ll follow every rule.” Then they gave him another 　10　. This time, Andrew played carefully—without breaking rules. He finally understood: Rules don’t stop pleasure; they make sure everyone enjoys the game together.
（　A　）9. A. promise B. hope C. concert D. speech
A
二、 短文填空
真题同源素材改编自Highlights
回南天
child China city danger day
help northern people scientist thing
Hui nan tian is a special weather situation. 1. 　Chinese　 people in the south have experienced it.
Chinese
However， it hardly happens in the 2. 　northern　 areas. It usually appears in spring. Before it arrives， there are some cold 3. 　days　 with temperatures below 12℃. When cold air goes away， warm air will come fast. The temperature rises and lots of water vapor（蒸汽） forms， which causes the long lasting humidity（湿度）.
northern
days
child China city danger day
help northern people scientist thing
Nearly nobody from 4. 　children 　 to the old likes it. Because of the weather， 5. 　people’s　 clothes are usually wet. And it’s uncomfortable. If the temperature is below 12℃ from March 7th to 9th， but rises suddenly on March 10th， hui nan tian will appear on March 10th.
children
people’s
child China city danger day
help northern people scientist thing
During hui nan tian， the humid weather helps bacteria（细菌） grow easily. Food goes bad fast. 6. 　Things　 like TVs may break down if they get wet inside. So it’s 7. 　dangerous　 to turn them on. Hui nan tian can also make people feel tired and sick. Although the weather troubles people a lot， for nature， it can be 8. 　helpful. Plants can become much better with enough water and warm air.
Things
dangerous
child China city danger day
help northern people scientist thing
helpful
But how to reduce the trouble from hui nan tian？ 9. 　Scien tists　 suggest that people in southern 10. 　cities　 should close windows in the morning and evening. Putting newspapers on the floor， tables and at the door can also take in water and wet air. These easy ways can make a big difference during hui nan tian!　　　　　
Scientists
cities
child China city danger day
help northern people scientist thing
Thanks!
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