2026中考英语二轮复习专题突破精讲本17 专题四 构词法课件

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名称 2026中考英语二轮复习专题突破精讲本17 专题四 构词法课件
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更新时间 2026-02-06 00:00:00

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(共40张PPT)
人教2026中考英语二轮复习 讲解课件
专题突破
专题四 构词法
湖北等地适用
命题点
1
派生法(Derivation)
定义:在一个单词前面加前缀或后面加后缀构成新词叫做派生。
1. 前缀+词根(主要改变含义,非词性)
分类 具体内容 示例
反面 前缀 “不、无、非、否定” dis-:dislike不喜欢; 
im-:impossible不可能的
in-:incorrect不正确的; 
un-:unlucky不幸运的
mis-“错误地” misunderstand误会, misuse误用
分类 具体内容 示例
数量 前缀 kilo-“千” kilometer千米, kilogram千克
super-“超级的” supermarket超市, superman超人,
superhero超级英雄
bi-“两;两……一次” bimonthly两月一次(的)
分类 具体内容 示例
方位 前缀 pre-“在……之前” preview预习, predict预测, prepay预付
re-“重新,再一次” reuse再次利用, review复习, rewrite重写
分类 具体内容 示例
其他 前缀 a-“在……状态” alive活着的, asleep睡着的, 
alone独自
en-“使” endanger危害, enable使能够, enlarge扩大
inter-“在……之间;相互” interview采访, Internet互联网
2. 词根+后缀(主要改变词性,非含义)
分类 具体内容 示例
名词 后缀 -ance/-ence“性质,状况” performance表演(2025完形填空涉及), dependence依靠
-er/or“从业人员” teacher老师, director导演
-hood“时期、群体” neighborhood邻居(2025阅读理解B涉及), childhood童年
分类 具体内容 示例
名词 后缀 -ian“从业人员、国籍” musician音乐家, Canadian加拿大人
-ing“行为、状态” training训练, feeling感觉, meaning意思
-ist“从业人员、……主义者” scientist科学家, artist艺术家, pianist钢琴家
分类 具体内容 示例
名词 后缀 -ment“行动” argument争吵, agreement同意,
achievement成就
-ness“状态、特点” happiness幸福, darkness黑暗, illness疾病
-ship“身份、性质、状态” friendship友谊, relationship关系,
leadership领导
分类 具体内容 示例
名词 后缀 -ation/-tion/-ion“行为、状态” invitation邀请, invention发明,
education教育
-y“行为、状态、性质” discovery发现
分类 具体内容 示例
形容词 后缀 -able“具有……性质的” enjoyable令人愉快的, 
comfortable舒服的
-al“与……有关” natural自然的(2025阅读理解A涉及),
central中心的, personal私人的
-en“材质” golden金质的, wooden木质的, woolen羊毛的
分类 具体内容 示例
形容词 后缀 -ern“方向” northern北方的, southern南方的, western西方的, eastern东方的
-ful“有……特质的” colorful多彩的(2025阅读理解A涉及), helpful有帮助的,wonderful精彩的;绝妙的(2025阅读理解A涉及)
-ic“属于……的,具有……性质的” scientific科学的, 
energetic有能量的,
fantastic极好的
分类 具体内容 示例
形容词 后缀 -ish“像……似的” foolish愚蠢的, selfish自私的, childish孩子气的
-ive“具有……性质的” creative有创造力的(2025阅读理解B涉及),active活跃的, expensive昂贵的
-less“无……的” hopeless没有希望的, 
careless粗心的,
homeless无家可归的
分类 具体内容 示例
形容词 后缀 -ly“特性” friendly友善的, lovely可爱的, weekly每周的
-ous“特质” dangerous危险的, generous大方的,
humorous幽默的
-y“特征” snowy下雪的, sunny晴朗的, cloudy多云的
分类 具体内容 示例
动词 后缀 -en“使……如何” deepen加深, widen加宽, 
weaken使变弱
-ize“成为” realize意识到, organize组织
分类 具体内容 示例
副词 后缀 -ly“方式” happily高兴地(2025完形填空9),slowly缓慢地,safely安全地, simply简单地
-ward“表示方向” toward向, forward向前, backward向后
对点训练
短文填空微训练
Group 1
rapid quiet feel pollute invent
1. There will be less  pollution  if most of us go out in a green way.
2. The boy believes he will be a great  inventor if he tries his best to learn.
pollution
inventor
3. Walking through the green park gives me a good  feeling  every morning.
4. When Dylan takes the bus alone, he always looks out of the window  quietly .
5. A folk cultural performance of China, Datiehua, is  rapidly becoming popular among Chinese.
feeling
quietly
rapidly
rapid quiet feel pollute invent
Group 2
pain culture luck happy careful
6. Sharing toys with her friends brings her true  happiness .
7. We felt  lucky  to see a beautiful rainbow after the heavy storm.
8. When others are talking, we should listen  carefully  instead of cutting in.
happiness
lucky
carefully
9. As we all know, China is an ancient country with rich  culal  treasures in the world.
10. For players, there are  painful experiences during training, as well as the joy of success.
cultural
painful
pain culture luck happy careful
命题点
2
合成法(Compounding)
定义:用两个或两个以上的词组合起来的新词叫做合成词。
类型 构成方式 示例
复合 名词 名词+名词 football足球(2025完形填空涉及),teammate队友(2025完形填空涉及),roadside路边(2025阅读理解B涉及),classmate同班同学, housework家务,hometown家乡, rainwater雨水,schoolwork学校作业, sunlight阳光,storybook故事书
类型 构成方式 示例
复合 名词 名词+动词 haircut理发, sunrise日出
名词+动名词 handwriting手写, sightseeing观光
动词+副词 clean-up清扫
形容词+名词 highway(连接城镇的)主要公路,
blackboard黑板
复合 动词 副词+动词 overcome克服, overlook忽略
名词+动词 babysit临时帮人照看小孩
类型 构成方式 示例
复合形容词 名词+形容词 environment-friendly环保的, worldwide世界各地的
形容词+名词 long-term长期的,part-time兼职的
形容词+动名词 good-looking漂亮的,easy-going随和的
副词+动词过去分词 well-suited适合的,well-known著名的
类型 构成方式 示例
复合形 容词 名词+动词现在分词 English-speaking讲英语的, mouth-watering诱人的
数词+名词 second-hand二手的
名词+动词过去分词 man-made人造的, handmade手工的, home-made自制的
类型 构成方式 示例
复合副词 副词+名词 upstairs在楼上,downstairs在楼下
复合代词 不定代词+副词 somewhere在某处,everywhere到处
不定代词+名词 everybody每个人, anything任何事情
对点训练
根据构词法猜画线单词的意思
11. Bob is warm-hearted. He often goes to the old people’s home to help the old.  热心的 
12. Teamwork doesn’t happen naturally in the workplace or school. It needs training.  团队合作 
13. Shakespeare is a very well-known writer in England. His plays are classical.  著名的 
热心的
团队合作
著名的
15. Our teacher organized a video call with our families for those of us feeling homesick.  想家的 
想家的
14. As the most outgoing person in the class, she always makes the class livelier.  外向的 
外向的
命题点
3
转化法(Conversion)
定义:转化法是指把一个单词从一种词性转化为另一种词性的方法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。
1. 名词 动词
face n. 脸 v. 面对 work n. 作品 v. 工作 watch n. 手表 v. 观看 stick n. 棍子 v. 粘贴,插入 force n. 力量 v. 迫使 train n. 火车 v. 训练 book n. 书本 v. 预订 act n. 表演 v. 行动 mind n. 头脑 v. 介意 question n. 问题 v. 质疑 check n. 调查 v. 检查
set n. 一套 v. 设置
part n. 部分 v. 分开
notice n. 通知 v. 注意到
tie n. 领带 v. 绑
2. 形容词 名词
second adj. 第二的 n. 秒 final adj. 最终的 n. 决赛 patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人 relative adj. 相对的 n. 亲戚 back adj. 后面的 n. 背部
light adj. 明亮的 n. 灯
3. 形容词 动词
own adj. 自己的 v. 拥有 warm adj. 温暖的 v. (使)温暖 free adj. 自由的 v. 释放 last adj. 最后的 v. 持续 open adj. 打开的 v. 开启
clean adj. 干净的 v. 打扫
4. 形容词 副词
hard adj. 坚硬的;艰苦的 adv. 努力地 high adj. 高的 adv. 在高处
对点训练
短文填空微训练
answer drink face watch
16. How do you know the time if you don’t wear a(n)  watch ?
17. Tea is considered a healthy  drink  and helps people stay awake.
watch
drink
18. The police warn drivers not to  answer or make phone calls when they are driving.
19. Lily is a warm-hearted girl. She is willing to  face  people’s problems and give them a helping hand.
answer
face
综合检测
小题夯基
短文填空微训练
cook danger educate kind
land playground wonder worldwide
1. The mountain road becomes  dangerous  during the heavy rain.
dangerous
2. It’s  wonderful  to see everyone help each other in our community.
3.  Education is like a key that opens the door to many chances in our life.
wonderful
Education
4. Mike’s  kindness  is like a warm sun, making everyone around him feel happy.
5. Pandas are known for their black and white colors and are loved  worldide  .
kindness
worldwide
cook danger educate kind
land playground wonder worldwide
6. A  cook  in the community center taught the kids how to bake cookies last weekend.
cook
7. When I passed by the  playground , Tommy was playing basketball with his classmates.
8. The plane will  land  in Wuhan in 10 minutes and soon we can enjoy the local food.
playground
land
cook danger educate kind
land playground wonder worldwide
语篇提能
短文填空
color final grow hope patient possible quiet sad strong use
For months, Alex had been working on his robot for the school science competition. He felt 1.  hopeful  about winning first place. But he failed. Alex thought all his efforts had become 2.  useless  . He locked himself in the room. His grandma walked in 3.  quie , but Alex was so sad that he didn’t even look up at Grandma. He was filled with disappointment and 4.  sadnes.
hopeful
useless
quietly
sadness
One day, Grandma gave Alex a robot. It was made of 5.  colol  yarns (纱线). “I saw you working so hard on your robot,” Grandma said, “When I made this, some yarns got tangled(缠结的), but I never gave up. Each knot(结) makes it much 6.  stronger .”
colorful
stronger
color final grow hope patient possible quiet sad strong use
Then Grandma taught him to make a small square. As his fingers shook, Grandma patiently helped him. “See? Even mistakes can 7.  finally  turn into something beautiful.
finally
Nothing is 8.  impossible !” she said. After hearing her words, Alex was full of hope again.
impossible
color final grow hope patient possible quiet sad strong use
He realized that failure is just a part of 9.  growth  like the knots in Grandma’s handmade robot. The yarn robot is now on his desk. It reminds Alex that with 10.  patience  and hard work, he can face any difficulty. Thanks to Grandma, Alex had the courage to sign up for the next robot competition.
patience
growth
Thanks!
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