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外研版八年级下册英语Unit 1 Career talks知识清单默写版
一、重要词汇讲解
（一）核心词汇
1. spiderman / spa d m n/ n. “蜘蛛人”（指高空作业人员，尤指窗户清洁工）；
2. remind /r ma nd/ v. 使想起（故人或旧事）；
词形转换：reminder n. 提醒物、提示；
常用搭配：remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
课本例句：I'm some other friends I met through the glass.
这让我想起了我透过玻璃认识的其他一些朋友。
challenging adj. 富于挑战性的、困难而有趣的
词形转换：challenge n. 挑战；v. 挑战；
课本例句：The past 30 years were filled with both and joys.
过去30年充满了挑战与欢乐。
replace /r ple s/ v. 以……替换，更换；
词形转换：replacement n. 替换物；
常用搭配：replace sth. with sth. 用……替代……（主动），
be replaced by 被……取代（被动）
课本例句：They may soon be by machines.
他们可能很快就会被机器取代。
achievement n. 成就；
词形转换：achieve v. 实现、获得；
常用搭配：a sense of achievement 成就感
课本例句：I found a sense of in my job.
我在工作中找到了一种成就感。
interview / nt vju / n. 面试，面谈；v. 采访、面试；
词形转换：interviewer n. 采访者、面试官；interviewee n. 被采访者、应聘者
require /r kwa / v. 需要（某物）；
词形转换：requirement n. 要求
例句：Excellent communication skills are expected, and a positive personality is .我们期望应聘者具备出色的沟通能力，并且需要拥有积极的性格。
communication n. 信息交流、沟通
词形转换：communicate v. 交流、沟通；
wet /wet/ adj. 湿的，潮的；
词形转换：wetter（比较级）、wettest（最高级）；
搭配：wet all over (浑身湿透)
课本原句：It was a day much hotter than today! I was all over.
那天的天气比今天热得多！我浑身湿透了。
shine / a n/ v. 发光、闪耀；引申义：（城市）繁荣、（人）表现突出
词形转换：shone（过去式/过去分词）；
课本例句：The city brighter because of us, and the job will make us , too.这座城市因我们而更加璀璨，这份工作也会让我们绽放光彩。
11.drop /drop/ n. （液体的）滴
搭配：drops of sweat (汗珠)
例句： of sweat fell in my eyes. 汗珠滴进了我的眼睛。
12.organise / ɡ na z/ v. 组织，策划，安排
词形转换：organization n.组织；机构；体制；团体；
搭配：organise events(组织活动)
例句：Plan fun events that are throughout the year ahead.
策划未来一年内将要组织的趣味活动。
13.benefit / b n f t/ n. 好处，益处，裨益
搭配：benefits of joining...加入的好处……
14.leadership / li d p/ n. 领导才能，领导素质
搭配：leadership skills(领导技能)
例句：Your skills will be developed by our training programme.
你的领导才能将通过我们的培训项目得到发展。
15.provide /pr va d/ v. 提供，供应，供给
搭配：be provided at a lower cost(以更低的成本提供);provide oneself自备；自办
provide for供养，供给；规定；为…作准备;provide service提供服务;
例句：In the future, travelling to space will surely be at a lower cost.
未来，太空旅行肯定能以更低的成本提供。
（二）重点词组搭配
1. keep sth. in memory 记住某事
课本例句：All my days up high in the air will be .
我在空中翱翔的所有日子都将留在我的记忆里。
all over 到处，各处；拓展：all over the world 全世界
课本例句：I was wet .我全身都湿了。
bit by bit 逐渐地，一点一点地
课本例句：I watched her grow .我看着她一点一点地成长。
be considered sth. 被认为是……（被动语态）
课本例句：Window cleaning is not always a good job.
擦窗户并不总是被认为是一份好工作。
sign up for 报名（参加）；sign sb. up for sth. 为某人报名……
课本例句：Um, sign me a space tour, please!
嗯，请帮我报名参加太空旅行！
spring up 突然出现、兴起
课本例句：However, new ones are to meet new needs.
然而，新的事物正在涌现以满足新的需求。
meet one's needs 满足某人的需求
课本例句：Schools must of their pupils.
学校必须满足学生的需求。
be filled with 充满……
课本例句：The past 30 years were both challenges and joys.
过去的30年充满了挑战与喜悦。
on the way in 兴起，正在成为趋势
课本例句：Which jobs will soon be history, and which ones are in
be responsible for 对……负责
例句：As students, we should be ourselves.
作为学生，我们应该对自己负责。
二、语法部分
（一）语法精讲
本单元核心语法为被动语态的一般现在时和一般将来时，核心用法：当动作的承受者作主语，或不知道动作的执行者、强调动作承受者时，使用被动语态。被动语态的本质是“谁被做什么”，与主动语态“谁做什么”形成对应。
1. 一般现在时被动语态
结构：主语 + am / is / are + 动词过去分词（done）；
主谓一致：主语为单数（可数名词单数、不可数名词、第三人称单数）时，用 ；主语为复数（可数名词复数、第一人称复数、第二人称）时，用 ；主语为I时用 ，主语为you（你）时用are。
用法：描述经常性、习惯性的被动动作，或客观事实、普遍情况，常与usually、always、often、every day、generally、sometimes等频率副词连用。
动词过去分词的变化规则：
规则变化（大部分动词）：加-ed
例如：remind→reminded、consider→considered
以e结尾的动词加-d
例如：like→liked 、replace→replaced、require→required、care →cared
重读闭音节动词（辅+元+辅）双写末尾辅音加-ed
例如：stop→stopped、
② 不规则变化：keep→kept、do→done、go→gone、spring→sprung、see→seen；
易错点提醒：避免遗漏be动词（am/is/are）
错误 表达：Window cleaning not always considered a good job.
正确 表达：“Window cleaning is not always considered a good job.
2. 一般将来时被动语态
结构：
主语 + will be + 动词过去分词（done）；适用所有将来场景，语气更通用；will后必须接be动词原形（不可省略be）。
例句：错误 表达：The job will replaced by machines.
正确 表达：The job will be replaced by machines.
② 主语 + am / is / are going to be + 动词过去分词（done）；强调“计划、打算”的被动动作，多用于描述未来工作的计划安排；am/is/are需与主语保持人称、数一致（如主语为复数，用are going to be）。
用法：描述将来会发生的被动动作，常与tomorrow、next week、soon、in the future、will、be going to、in a few days等表示将来的时间状语连用。
3. 主动语态变被动语态的步骤
找主语：找出主动句的宾语（动作的承受者），将其作为被动句的主语；若主动句的宾语是代词，需变为宾格变主格（如him→he、them→they）。
变谓语：找出主动句的谓语动词（主动形式），根据被动句的时态，变为“am/is/are/will be + 动词过去分词”的形式；注意：主动句的时态决定被动句的时态（主动为一般现在时，被动也为一般现在时；主动为一般将来时，被动也为一般将来时）。
加by短语：找出主动句的主语（动作的执行者），将其变为“by + 主语”（若主动句主语是代词，需变为宾格，如I→by me、we→by us）；若不知道动作的执行者、无需强调执行者，或执行者是people、they等不确定的人，by短语可省略。
例句：
主动句：People consider window cleaning a good job.
（人们认为窗户清洁是一份好工作。）
→ 被动句：Window cleaning is considered a good job.
（窗户清洁被认为是一份好工作。）；
主动变被动的步骤解析：
① 找宾语：window cleaning（动作承受者），作为被动句主语；
变谓语：主动句是一般现在时，谓语动词consider变为is considered；
加by短语：主动句主语people，可省略by people；
④ 调整后得到被动句，与课本原句语境一致。
（二）语法总结
时态 被动语态结构 否定句结构 疑问句结构 核心注意点
一般现在时 am / is / are + done am / is / are + not + done Am / Is / Are + 主语 + done？ 主谓一致，过去分词拼写正确，不可漏be动词
一般将来时 will be + done； 2. am/is/are going to be + done 1. will + not + be + done； 2. am/is/are + not + going to be + done 1. Will + 主语 + be + done？ 2. Am / Is / Are + 主语 + going to be + done？ will后必接be，不可省略；am/is/are与主语一致
补充：被动语态的否定句、疑问句：
否定句：核心是“在be动词/will后加not”，口语中可缩写（is not→isn’t、are not→aren’t、will not→won’t）；
例句：He is not reminded of the story.（他没有被提醒这个故事。）
→ 缩写：He of the story.
例句：The job will not be replaced by machines.（这份工作不会被机器取代。）
→ 缩写：The job by machines.（课本原句变式）。
疑问句：核心是“将be动词/will提前至句首”，句末加问号，人称不变；
例句：Is he of the story （他被提醒这个故事了吗？）；
例句：Will the job by machines （这份工作会被机器取代吗？）
特殊疑问句：结构为“特殊疑问词 + be动词/will + 主语 + done？”。
What jobs by machines （哪些工作会被机器取代？）。
（三）语法例句解析
1. 一般现在时被动语态
Excellent communication skills , and a positive personality .
我们需要出色的沟通能力和积极的性格。
→ 解析：两个并列的被动句，时态均为一般现在时；前半句主语Excellent communication skills（复数），be动词用are，expected是expect的过去分词；后半句主语a positive personality（单数），be动词用is，required是require的过去分词（单元核心词汇），省略执行者by us（招聘方），符合招聘启事的表达习惯。
People around the world celebrate International Workers' Day in different ways. （变成被动句）
→ International Workers' Day by people around the world in different ways.劳动节被全世界的人以不同方式庆祝。
→ 解析：主动变被动的完整示范，主语由International Workers' Day（宾语）充当，be动词用is，celebrated是celebrate的过去分词，保留执行者by people around the world，清晰体现主动与被动的对应关系。
补充例句：She reminds me of my sister. （变成被动句）
→ I of my sister by her.（她使我想起了我的妹妹。）
→ 解析：主语由me（宾格）变为主格I，be动词用am，reminded是remind的过去分词（单元核心词汇），执行者by her不可省略（明确动作执行者），帮助学生掌握“代词作宾语变主语”的用法。
2. 一般将来时被动语态
All my days up high in the air will be kept in my memory.
（课本例句：我会永远记得那些在空中的日子。）
→ 解析：主语是All my days up high in the air（动作承受者，那些在空中的日子），时态为一般将来时，用will be + kept（keep的过去分词，不规则变化，单元重点），省略执行者by me，贴合飞行员职业的语境，体现被动语态的委婉表达。
They may soon be replaced by machines.
（课本例句：他们可能很快就会被机器取代。）
→ 解析：情态动词may后接被动语态（may + be + 过去分词），replaced是replace的过去分词（单元核心词汇），执行者by machines（机器）。
The company will hold a job interview next month. （变成被动句）
→ A job interview by the company next month.
（课本语法练习：这家公司下个月将举行一场面试。）
→ 解析：主动变被动示范，主语由a job interview（宾语）充当，时态为一般将来时，用will be + held（hold的过去分词，不规则变化），保留执行者by the company，清晰体现“面试被举行”的被动关系。
补充例句：We will require a new space tour guide. （变成被动句）
→ A new space tour guide by us.
（我们将需要一名新的太空导游。）
→ 解析：主语由a new space tour guide（宾语）充当，用will be + required（require的过去分词，单元核心词汇）。
（四）语法练习
基础题
We usually clean up our office for holidays.（改为一般现在时被动语态）
→ Our office ______ usually ______ up for holidays.
The school always holds a party to welcome new teachers.（改为一般现在时被动语态）
→ A party ______ always ______ by the school to welcome new teachers.
People can pay on their own in these places.（改为一般将来时被动语态）
→ People ______ ______ ______ to pay on their own in these places.
The teacher will remind us of the exam time.（改为一般将来时被动语态）
→ We ______ ______ ______ of the exam time by the teacher.
（补全句子，用被动语态）Window cleaners ______ ______（尊重）by more and more people now.
提升题
Many new jobs ______ ______（涌现）to meet new needs in the future.（提示：spring up，用一般将来时被动语态）
A new space tour guide ______ ______ ______（需要）because more people want to travel to space.（提示：require，用一般将来时被动语态）
补全短文（用括号内动词的正确被动形式）：
A new animal hospital will open next week. Many kind workers ______ ______（need）there. Sick animals ______ ______（care for）well by the workers. The hospital ______ ______（consider）a good place for animals because it has good equipment. People believe that more animals ______ ______（help）in the future.
三、单元书面表达指导
（一）常用好词好句
1. 好词（分类记忆，适配职业描述）
形容词（描述工作/人物）：challenging（有挑战性的）、meaningful（有意义的）、kind（善良的）、hard-working（勤奋的）、helpful（有帮助的）、fashionable（时髦的）、necessary（必要的）
动词/动词短语（描述工作内容）：care for（照顾）、help（帮助）、organise（组织）、communicate（交流）、clean up（清理）、provide（提供）、be responsible for（负责）
名词短语（描述工作相关）：a sense of achievement（成就感）、main responsibility（主要职责）、good parts（优点）、bad parts（缺点）、job interview（面试）、virtual reality（虚拟现实）
2. 好句（简单句+复合句）
I work as a(n)..., and I'm responsible for...
我从事……工作，并且负责……
This job is not always considered a good one, but it is meaningful.
这份工作并不总是被认为是一份好工作，但它很有意义。
I found a sense of achievement in my job because I can help others.
我在工作中找到了成就感，因为我能够帮助他人。
The job is filled with both challenges and joys.
这份工作既充满挑战，也充满乐趣。
Some traditional jobs will be replaced by machines, while new jobs will spring up to meet new needs.
一些传统工作将被机器取代，而新的工作岗位会应运而生，以满足新的需求。
As a(n)..., I feel happy when I can help people solve problems.
作为一名……，当我能够帮助人们解决问题时，我会感到很高兴。
（二）高分句型（提升文采，适配中档/高档作文）
1. 被动语态句型（核心考点，必用）：
①...is/are considered a...job. ……被视为一份……工作。
②...will be replaced by... ……将被……取代
③...will be needed in the future.……在未来将是必需的。
2. 状语从句句型：
①Although the job is challenging, it brings me a lot of joy.（让步状语从句）
虽然这份工作充满挑战，但它给我带来了很多乐趣。
②When I work, I can learn more about...（时间状语从句）
当我工作时，我能更多地了解……
3. 宾语从句句型：
I believe that this job will become more and more important because it can meet people's new needs.（表达对工作未来的看法）
我认为这份工作会变得越来越重要，因为它能够满足人们的新需求。
4. 对比句型：Unlike traditional jobs, the job of the future is more about technology and innovation.（对比传统工作与未来工作）
我认为这份工作会变得越来越重要，因为它能够满足人们的新需求。
（三）参考范文
范文1：描述“即将消失的工作”和“未来的工作”（课本P14写作任务）
Changing Jobs
With the development of technology, some traditional jobs are disappearing, while new jobs are springing up to meet new needs.
Cashier is a job soon to be history. Cashiers work in shops and supermarkets to help people pay for their things. However, they will soon be replaced by machines because people can pay on their own easily now. It is not necessary to have cashiers in the near future.
Space tour guide is a job of the future. With the development of space tourism, more and more people will travel to space. Space tour guides will be needed to lead people to the moon and beyond. They will introduce space knowledge to tourists and make sure their trips are safe and enjoyable.
I think jobs change because of new technology and people's new needs. We should learn new skills to keep up with the changing job market.
范文2：写一份职业报告（课本P16写作任务）
A Report on the Job of a Window Cleaner
I'd like to report on the job of a window cleaner, who is also called a “spiderman” because they work high up in the air.
The main responsibility of a window cleaner is to clean the windows of tall buildings. They need to use special tools and work carefully to keep safe. They spend a lot of time outside, even on hot or cold days.
This job has both benefits and challenges. The joys are that they can meet many kind people and be part of warm stories. They can also find a sense of achievement because they make the city brighter. The challenges are that the job is dangerous and tiring. Sometimes they have to work in bad weather and clean up dirty things.
Window cleaning is not always considered a good job, but it is very meaningful. I think this job will not be replaced by machines because it needs people to work carefully. It will still be needed in the future to make our city more beautiful.
（四）写作模板
模板1：描述“即将消失的工作”和“未来的工作”（80-100词）
Changing Jobs
With the development of technology, some traditional jobs are disappearing, while new jobs are springing up to meet new needs.
[Job soon to be history] ______ is a job soon to be history. Workers of this job usually ______（描述工作内容）. However, it will disappear because ______（说明消失原因，可结合被动语态：it will be replaced by...）. It is not necessary to have this job in the near future.
[Job of the future] ______ is a job of the future. With the development of ______, more and more people will need this job. Workers of this job will ______（描述未来工作内容）. This job will be greatly needed because ______（说明兴起原因）.
I think jobs change because of ______. We should ______（表达个人看法/建议）to keep up with the changing job market.
模板2：职业报告（80-100词）
A Report on the Job of a(n) ______
I'd like to report on the job of a(n) ______（介绍职业名称）. This job is ______（简单评价，如：meaningful/challenging）.
The main responsibility of this job is to ______（描述主要职责）. Workers usually ______（补充工作内容）. They need to ______（说明工作所需能力/要求）.
This job has both benefits and challenges. The good parts are that ______（描述优点，可结合a sense of achievement）. The bad parts are that ______（描述缺点）.
I think this job is ______（总结评价）. It will ______（预测未来，如：be needed in the future/not be replaced by machines）because ______（说明原因）.
补充：Unit 1 基础词汇听写表（适配课堂检测/课后默写）
序号 英文单词/短语 词性 备注（可听写时遮挡）
1 n. 蜘蛛人（窗户清洁工）
2 v. 使想起
3 n. 提醒物、提示
4 n./v. 挑战
5 adj. 有挑战性的
6 v. 替换、取代
7 n. 替换物
8 v. 实现、获得
9 n. 成就
10 n./v. 面试、采访
11 n. 采访者、面试官
12 n. 被采访者、应聘者
13 v. 需要、要求
14 n. 要求
15 v. 交流、沟通
16 n. 信息交流、沟通
17 n. 出纳员
18 n. 飞行员
19 v. 发光、闪耀
20 v. shine的过去式/过去分词
21 adj. 湿的、潮的
22 adj. wet的比较级
23 adj. wet的最高级
24 短语 记住某事
25 短语 到处、各处
26 短语 逐渐地、一点一点地
27 短语 被认为是……
28 短语 报名（参加）
29 短语 突然出现、兴起
30 短语 充满……/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
外研版八年级下册英语Unit 1 Career talks知识清单背诵版
一、重要词汇讲解
（一）核心词汇
1. spiderman / spa d m n/ n. “蜘蛛人”（指高空作业人员，尤指窗户清洁工）；
2. remind /r ma nd/ v. 使想起（故人或旧事）；
词形转换：reminder n. 提醒物、提示；
常用搭配：remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
课本例句：I'm reminded of some other friends I met through the glass.
这让我想起了我透过玻璃认识的其他一些朋友。
challenging adj. 富于挑战性的、困难而有趣的
词形转换：challenge n. 挑战；v. 挑战；
课本例句：The past 30 years were filled with both challenges and joys.
过去30年充满了挑战与欢乐。
replace /r ple s/ v. 以……替换，更换；
词形转换：replacement n. 替换物；
常用搭配：replace sth. with sth. 用……替代……（主动），
be replaced by 被……取代（被动）
课本例句：They may soon be replaced by machines.
他们可能很快就会被机器取代。
achievement n. 成就；
词形转换：achieve v. 实现、获得；
常用搭配：a sense of achievement 成就感
课本例句：I found a sense of achievement in my job.
我在工作中找到了一种成就感。
interview / nt vju / n. 面试，面谈；v. 采访、面试；
词形转换：interviewer n. 采访者、面试官；interviewee n. 被采访者、应聘者
require /r kwa / v. 需要（某物）；
词形转换：requirement n. 要求
例句：Excellent communication skills are expected, and a positive personality is required.我们期望应聘者具备出色的沟通能力，并且需要拥有积极的性格。
communication n. 信息交流、沟通
词形转换：communicate v. 交流、沟通；
wet /wet/ adj. 湿的，潮的；
词形转换：wetter（比较级）、wettest（最高级）；
搭配：wet all over (浑身湿透)
课本原句：It was a day much hotter than today! I was wet all over.
那天的天气比今天热得多！我浑身湿透了。
shine / a n/ v. 发光、闪耀；引申义：（城市）繁荣、（人）表现突出
词形转换：shone（过去式/过去分词）；
课本例句：The city shines brighter because of us, and the job will make us shine, too.这座城市因我们而更加璀璨，这份工作也会让我们绽放光彩。
11.drop /drop/ n. （液体的）滴
搭配：drops of sweat (汗珠)
例句：Drops of sweat fell in my eyes. 汗珠滴进了我的眼睛。
12.organise / ɡ na z/ v. 组织，策划，安排
词形转换：organization n.组织；机构；体制；团体；
搭配：organise events(组织活动)
例句：Plan fun events that are organised throughout the year ahead.
策划未来一年内将要组织的趣味活动。
13.benefit / b n f t/ n. 好处，益处，裨益
搭配：benefits of joining...加入的好处……
14.leadership / li d p/ n. 领导才能，领导素质
搭配：leadership skills(领导技能)
例句：Your leadership skills will be developed by our training programme.
你的领导才能将通过我们的培训项目得到发展。
15.provide /pr va d/ v. 提供，供应，供给
搭配：be provided at a lower cost(以更低的成本提供);provide oneself自备；自办
provide for供养，供给；规定；为…作准备;provide service提供服务;
例句：In the future, travelling to space will surely be provided at a lower cost.
未来，太空旅行肯定能以更低的成本提供。
（二）重点词组搭配
1. keep sth. in memory 记住某事
课本例句：All my days up high in the air will be kept in my memory.
我在空中翱翔的所有日子都将留在我的记忆里。
all over 到处，各处；拓展：all over the world 全世界
课本例句：I was wet all over.我全身都湿了。
bit by bit 逐渐地，一点一点地
课本例句：I watched her grow bit by bit.我看着她一点一点地成长。
be considered sth. 被认为是……（被动语态）
课本例句：Window cleaning is not always considered a good job.
擦窗户并不总是被认为是一份好工作。
sign up for 报名（参加）；sign sb. up for sth. 为某人报名……
课本例句：Um, sign me up for a space tour, please!
嗯，请帮我报名参加太空旅行！
spring up 突然出现、兴起
课本例句：However, new ones are springing up to meet new needs.
然而，新的事物正在涌现以满足新的需求。
meet one's needs 满足某人的需求
课本例句：Schools must meet the needs of their pupils.
学校必须满足学生的需求。
be filled with 充满……
课本例句：The past 30 years were filled with both challenges and joys.
过去的30年充满了挑战与喜悦。
on the way in 兴起，正在成为趋势
课本例句：Which jobs will soon be history, and which ones are on the way in
be responsible for 对……负责
例句：As students, we should be responsible for ourselves.
作为学生，我们应该对自己负责。
二、语法部分
（一）语法精讲
本单元核心语法为被动语态的一般现在时和一般将来时，核心用法：当动作的承受者作主语，或不知道动作的执行者、强调动作承受者时，使用被动语态。被动语态的本质是“谁被做什么”，与主动语态“谁做什么”形成对应。
1. 一般现在时被动语态
结构：主语 + am / is / are + 动词过去分词（done）；
主谓一致：主语为单数（可数名词单数、不可数名词、第三人称单数）时，用is；主语为复数（可数名词复数、第一人称复数、第二人称）时，用are；主语为I时用am，主语为you（你）时用are。
用法：描述经常性、习惯性的被动动作，或客观事实、普遍情况，常与usually、always、often、every day、generally、sometimes等频率副词连用。
动词过去分词的变化规则：
规则变化（大部分动词）：加-ed
例如：remind→reminded、consider→considered
以e结尾的动词加-d
例如：like→liked 、replace→replaced、require→required、care →cared
重读闭音节动词（辅+元+辅）双写末尾辅音加-ed
例如：stop→stopped、
② 不规则变化：keep→kept、do→done、go→gone、spring→sprung、see→seen；
易错点提醒：避免遗漏be动词（am/is/are）
错误 表达：Window cleaning not always considered a good job.
正确 表达：“Window cleaning is not always considered a good job.
2. 一般将来时被动语态
结构：
主语 + will be + 动词过去分词（done）；适用所有将来场景，语气更通用；will后必须接be动词原形（不可省略be）。
例句：错误 表达：The job will replaced by machines.
正确 表达：The job will be replaced by machines.
② 主语 + am / is / are going to be + 动词过去分词（done）；强调“计划、打算”的被动动作，多用于描述未来工作的计划安排；am/is/are需与主语保持人称、数一致（如主语为复数，用are going to be）。
用法：描述将来会发生的被动动作，常与tomorrow、next week、soon、in the future、will、be going to、in a few days等表示将来的时间状语连用。
3. 主动语态变被动语态的步骤
找主语：找出主动句的宾语（动作的承受者），将其作为被动句的主语；若主动句的宾语是代词，需变为宾格变主格（如him→he、them→they）。
变谓语：找出主动句的谓语动词（主动形式），根据被动句的时态，变为“am/is/are/will be + 动词过去分词”的形式；注意：主动句的时态决定被动句的时态（主动为一般现在时，被动也为一般现在时；主动为一般将来时，被动也为一般将来时）。
加by短语：找出主动句的主语（动作的执行者），将其变为“by + 主语”（若主动句主语是代词，需变为宾格，如I→by me、we→by us）；若不知道动作的执行者、无需强调执行者，或执行者是people、they等不确定的人，by短语可省略。
例句：
主动句：People consider window cleaning a good job.
（人们认为窗户清洁是一份好工作。）
→ 被动句：Window cleaning is considered a good job.
（窗户清洁被认为是一份好工作。）；
主动变被动的步骤解析：
① 找宾语：window cleaning（动作承受者），作为被动句主语；
变谓语：主动句是一般现在时，谓语动词consider变为is considered；
加by短语：主动句主语people，可省略by people；
④ 调整后得到被动句，与课本原句语境一致。
（二）语法总结
时态 被动语态结构 否定句结构 疑问句结构 核心注意点
一般现在时 am / is / are + done am / is / are + not + done Am / Is / Are + 主语 + done？ 主谓一致，过去分词拼写正确，不可漏be动词
一般将来时 will be + done； 2. am/is/are going to be + done 1. will + not + be + done； 2. am/is/are + not + going to be + done 1. Will + 主语 + be + done？ 2. Am / Is / Are + 主语 + going to be + done？ will后必接be，不可省略；am/is/are与主语一致
补充：被动语态的否定句、疑问句：
否定句：核心是“在be动词/will后加not”，口语中可缩写（is not→isn’t、are not→aren’t、will not→won’t）；
例句：He is not reminded of the story.（他没有被提醒这个故事。）
→ 缩写：He isn’t reminded of the story.
例句：The job will not be replaced by machines.（这份工作不会被机器取代。）
→ 缩写：The job won’t be replaced by machines.（课本原句变式）。
疑问句：核心是“将be动词/will提前至句首”，句末加问号，人称不变；
例句：Is he reminded of the story （他被提醒这个故事了吗？）；
例句：Will the job be replaced by machines （这份工作会被机器取代吗？）
特殊疑问句：结构为“特殊疑问词 + be动词/will + 主语 + done？”。
What jobs will be replaced by machines （哪些工作会被机器取代？）。
（三）语法例句解析
1. 一般现在时被动语态
Excellent communication skills are expected, and a positive personality is required.
我们需要出色的沟通能力和积极的性格。
→ 解析：两个并列的被动句，时态均为一般现在时；前半句主语Excellent communication skills（复数），be动词用are，expected是expect的过去分词；后半句主语a positive personality（单数），be动词用is，required是require的过去分词（单元核心词汇），省略执行者by us（招聘方），符合招聘启事的表达习惯。
People around the world celebrate International Workers' Day in different ways. （变成被动句）
→ International Workers' Day is celebrated by people around the world in different ways.劳动节被全世界的人以不同方式庆祝。
→ 解析：主动变被动的完整示范，主语由International Workers' Day（宾语）充当，be动词用is，celebrated是celebrate的过去分词，保留执行者by people around the world，清晰体现主动与被动的对应关系。
补充例句：She reminds me of my sister. （变成被动句）
→ I am reminded of my sister by her.（她使我想起了我的妹妹。）
→ 解析：主语由me（宾格）变为主格I，be动词用am，reminded是remind的过去分词（单元核心词汇），执行者by her不可省略（明确动作执行者），帮助学生掌握“代词作宾语变主语”的用法。
2. 一般将来时被动语态
All my days up high in the air will be kept in my memory.
（课本例句：我会永远记得那些在空中的日子。）
→ 解析：主语是All my days up high in the air（动作承受者，那些在空中的日子），时态为一般将来时，用will be + kept（keep的过去分词，不规则变化，单元重点），省略执行者by me，贴合飞行员职业的语境，体现被动语态的委婉表达。
They may soon be replaced by machines.
（课本例句：他们可能很快就会被机器取代。）
→ 解析：情态动词may后接被动语态（may + be + 过去分词），replaced是replace的过去分词（单元核心词汇），执行者by machines（机器）。
The company will hold a job interview next month. （变成被动句）
→ A job interview will be held by the company next month.（课本语法练习：这家公司下个月将举行一场面试。）
→ 解析：主动变被动示范，主语由a job interview（宾语）充当，时态为一般将来时，用will be + held（hold的过去分词，不规则变化），保留执行者by the company，清晰体现“面试被举行”的被动关系。
补充例句：We will require a new space tour guide. （变成被动句）
→ A new space tour guide will be required by us.
（我们将需要一名新的太空导游。）
→ 解析：主语由a new space tour guide（宾语）充当，用will be + required（require的过去分词，单元核心词汇）。
（四）语法练习
基础题
We usually clean up our office for holidays.（改为一般现在时被动语态）
→ Our office ______ usually ______ up for holidays.
The school always holds a party to welcome new teachers.（改为一般现在时被动语态）
→ A party ______ always ______ by the school to welcome new teachers.
People can pay on their own in these places.（改为一般将来时被动语态）
→ People ______ ______ ______ to pay on their own in these places.
The teacher will remind us of the exam time.（改为一般将来时被动语态）
→ We ______ ______ ______ of the exam time by the teacher.
（补全句子，用被动语态）Window cleaners ______ ______（尊重）by more and more people now.
提升题
Many new jobs ______ ______（涌现）to meet new needs in the future.（提示：spring up，用一般将来时被动语态）
A new space tour guide ______ ______ ______（需要）because more people want to travel to space.（提示：require，用一般将来时被动语态）
补全短文（用括号内动词的正确被动形式）：
A new animal hospital will open next week. Many kind workers ______ ______（need）there. Sick animals ______ ______（care for）well by the workers. The hospital ______ ______（consider）a good place for animals because it has good equipment. People believe that more animals ______ ______（help）in the future.
参考答案
1. is; cleaned 2. is; held 3. will be allowed 4. will be reminded 5. are respected 6. will be sprung 7. will be required 8. are needed; will be cared for; is considered; will be helped
三、单元书面表达指导
（一）常用好词好句
1. 好词（分类记忆，适配职业描述）
形容词（描述工作/人物）：challenging（有挑战性的）、meaningful（有意义的）、kind（善良的）、hard-working（勤奋的）、helpful（有帮助的）、fashionable（时髦的）、necessary（必要的）
动词/动词短语（描述工作内容）：care for（照顾）、help（帮助）、organise（组织）、communicate（交流）、clean up（清理）、provide（提供）、be responsible for（负责）
名词短语（描述工作相关）：a sense of achievement（成就感）、main responsibility（主要职责）、good parts（优点）、bad parts（缺点）、job interview（面试）、virtual reality（虚拟现实）
2. 好句（简单句+复合句）
I work as a(n)..., and I'm responsible for...
我从事……工作，并且负责……
This job is not always considered a good one, but it is meaningful.
这份工作并不总是被认为是一份好工作，但它很有意义。
I found a sense of achievement in my job because I can help others.
我在工作中找到了成就感，因为我能够帮助他人。
The job is filled with both challenges and joys.
这份工作既充满挑战，也充满乐趣。
Some traditional jobs will be replaced by machines, while new jobs will spring up to meet new needs.
一些传统工作将被机器取代，而新的工作岗位会应运而生，以满足新的需求。
As a(n)..., I feel happy when I can help people solve problems.
作为一名……，当我能够帮助人们解决问题时，我会感到很高兴。
（二）高分句型（提升文采，适配中档/高档作文）
1. 被动语态句型（核心考点，必用）：
①...is/are considered a...job. ……被视为一份……工作。
②...will be replaced by... ……将被……取代
③...will be needed in the future.……在未来将是必需的。
2. 状语从句句型：
①Although the job is challenging, it brings me a lot of joy.（让步状语从句）
虽然这份工作充满挑战，但它给我带来了很多乐趣。
②When I work, I can learn more about...（时间状语从句）
当我工作时，我能更多地了解……
3. 宾语从句句型：
I believe that this job will become more and more important because it can meet people's new needs.（表达对工作未来的看法）
我认为这份工作会变得越来越重要，因为它能够满足人们的新需求。
4. 对比句型：Unlike traditional jobs, the job of the future is more about technology and innovation.（对比传统工作与未来工作）
我认为这份工作会变得越来越重要，因为它能够满足人们的新需求。
（三）参考范文
范文1：描述“即将消失的工作”和“未来的工作”（课本P14写作任务）
Changing Jobs
With the development of technology, some traditional jobs are disappearing, while new jobs are springing up to meet new needs.
Cashier is a job soon to be history. Cashiers work in shops and supermarkets to help people pay for their things. However, they will soon be replaced by machines because people can pay on their own easily now. It is not necessary to have cashiers in the near future.
Space tour guide is a job of the future. With the development of space tourism, more and more people will travel to space. Space tour guides will be needed to lead people to the moon and beyond. They will introduce space knowledge to tourists and make sure their trips are safe and enjoyable.
I think jobs change because of new technology and people's new needs. We should learn new skills to keep up with the changing job market.
范文2：写一份职业报告（课本P16写作任务）
A Report on the Job of a Window Cleaner
I'd like to report on the job of a window cleaner, who is also called a “spiderman” because they work high up in the air.
The main responsibility of a window cleaner is to clean the windows of tall buildings. They need to use special tools and work carefully to keep safe. They spend a lot of time outside, even on hot or cold days.
This job has both benefits and challenges. The joys are that they can meet many kind people and be part of warm stories. They can also find a sense of achievement because they make the city brighter. The challenges are that the job is dangerous and tiring. Sometimes they have to work in bad weather and clean up dirty things.
Window cleaning is not always considered a good job, but it is very meaningful. I think this job will not be replaced by machines because it needs people to work carefully. It will still be needed in the future to make our city more beautiful.
（四）写作模板
模板1：描述“即将消失的工作”和“未来的工作”（80-100词）
Changing Jobs
With the development of technology, some traditional jobs are disappearing, while new jobs are springing up to meet new needs.
[Job soon to be history] ______ is a job soon to be history. Workers of this job usually ______（描述工作内容）. However, it will disappear because ______（说明消失原因，可结合被动语态：it will be replaced by...）. It is not necessary to have this job in the near future.
[Job of the future] ______ is a job of the future. With the development of ______, more and more people will need this job. Workers of this job will ______（描述未来工作内容）. This job will be greatly needed because ______（说明兴起原因）.
I think jobs change because of ______. We should ______（表达个人看法/建议）to keep up with the changing job market.
模板2：职业报告（80-100词）
A Report on the Job of a(n) ______
I'd like to report on the job of a(n) ______（介绍职业名称）. This job is ______（简单评价，如：meaningful/challenging）.
The main responsibility of this job is to ______（描述主要职责）. Workers usually ______（补充工作内容）. They need to ______（说明工作所需能力/要求）.
This job has both benefits and challenges. The good parts are that ______（描述优点，可结合a sense of achievement）. The bad parts are that ______（描述缺点）.
I think this job is ______（总结评价）. It will ______（预测未来，如：be needed in the future/not be replaced by machines）because ______（说明原因）.
补充：Unit 1 基础词汇听写表（适配课堂检测/课后默写）
序号 英文单词/短语 词性 备注（可听写时遮挡）
1 spiderman n. 蜘蛛人（窗户清洁工）
2 remind v. 使想起
3 reminder n. 提醒物、提示
4 challenge n./v. 挑战
5 challenging adj. 有挑战性的
6 replace v. 替换、取代
7 replacement n. 替换物
8 achieve v. 实现、获得
9 achievement n. 成就
10 interview n./v. 面试、采访
11 interviewer n. 采访者、面试官
12 interviewee n. 被采访者、应聘者
13 require v. 需要、要求
14 requirement n. 要求
15 communicate v. 交流、沟通
16 communication n. 信息交流、沟通
17 cashier n. 出纳员
18 pilot n. 飞行员
19 shine v. 发光、闪耀
20 shone v. shine的过去式/过去分词
21 wet adj. 湿的、潮的
22 wetter adj. wet的比较级
23 wettest adj. wet的最高级
24 keep sth. in memory 短语 记住某事
25 all over 短语 到处、各处
26 bit by bit 短语 逐渐地、一点一点地
27 be considered sth. 短语 被认为是……
28 sign up for 短语 报名（参加）
29 spring up 短语 突然出现、兴起
30 be filled with 短语 充满……
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