/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
2026年春仁爱科普版九年级英语下册核心语法精讲精练
Unit 6 Entertainment and Friendship
核心语法:现在分词作状语
一、核心概念
1. 什么是现在分词?
结构:动词原形 + ing(如:reading, writing, speaking)
性质:具有动词和形容词双重特征的非谓语动词
功能:可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语
2. 什么是现在分词作状语?
定义:用现在分词短语修饰谓语动词,表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、伴随等情况
特点:分词动作与句子主语构成主动关系
位置:句首、句中、句末均可
二、现在分词作状语的基本结构
1. 基本形式:
现在分词短语,+ 主句
或 主句,+ 现在分词短语
2. 逻辑主语要求:
现在分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语
正确例句 错误例句 分析
Walking along the street, I met an old friend. Walking along the street, an old friend was met. 正确:I是walking的逻辑主语
错误:an old friend不是walking的逻辑主语
三、现在分词作状语的六大类型
类型一:时间状语
表示主句动作发生的时间
结构 例句 说明
分词短语,主句 Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 一听到消息,他就高兴地跳起来
主句,分词短语 He sat by the window, reading a book. 他坐在窗边看书
while/when + 分词 While waiting for the bus, I read a newspaper. 等车时我看报纸
常用时间关系词:
when, while, before, after + 现在分词
例:When leaving the room, don't forget to turn off the light.
类型二:原因状语
表示主句动作发生的原因
结构 例句 说明
分词短语,主句 Being ill, he didn't go to school. 因为生病,他没去上学
分词短语,主句 Not knowing her address, I couldn't visit her. 因为不知道她的地址,我没法拜访她
特点:
分词动作发生在主句动作之前或同时
常放在句首,强调原因
类型三:条件状语
表示主句动作发生的条件
结构 例句 说明
分词短语,主句 Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作,你就会成功
分词短语,主句 Turning to the left, you will see the library. 向左转,你就能看到图书馆
相当于if条件句:
Working hard = If you work hard
类型四:结果状语
表示主句动作产生的结果
结构 例句 说明
主句,分词短语 He died, leaving his wife and three children. 他死了,留下妻子和三个孩子
主句,分词短语 The child fell, striking his head against the door. 孩子摔倒了,头撞到了门上
特点:
常放在句末
表示顺理成章的结果
类型五:方式状语
表示主句动作进行的方式
结构 例句 说明
主句,分词短语 She stood there, waiting for the bus. 她站在那儿等公交车
主句,分词短语 The children ran out of the room, laughing and shouting. 孩子们跑出房间,又笑又叫
相当于副词:
laughing and shouting = happily and noisily
类型六:伴随状语
表示与主句动作同时发生的伴随动作
结构 例句 说明
主句,分词短语 He sat at the desk, doing his homework. 他坐在书桌前做作业
分词短语,主句 Singing and dancing, the students celebrated their victory. 学生们又唱又跳庆祝胜利
特点:
两个动作同时发生
分词动作是次要动作,主句动作是主要动作
四、现在分词的时态和语态
1. 时态形式:
时态 主动形式 被动形式 例句
一般式 doing being done Seeing the teacher, the students stood up.
完成式 having done having been done Having finished his work, he went home.
2. 使用区别:
形式 用法 例句
一般式 分词动作与谓语动作同时发生 Walking in the park, I met my teacher.
完成式 分词动作在谓语动作之前发生 Having had breakfast, I went to school.
五、现在分词的否定形式
结构:not + 现在分词
类型 例句 说明
一般否定 Not knowing what to do, he asked for help. 不知道做什么,他请求帮助
完成否定 Not having received an answer, he wrote again. 没有收到回复,他又写了一封信
六、独立主格结构
1. 什么是独立主格?
当现在分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时,需要有自己的逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构。
2. 结构:
名词/代词(主格)+ 现在分词,+ 主句
结构 例句 说明
名词+分词 Time permitting, we'll visit the Great Wall. 如果时间允许,我们将参观长城
代词+分词 He being absent, the meeting was put off. 因为他缺席,会议被推迟了
七、常见错误提醒
1、逻辑主语不一致(悬垂分词)
Walking in the park, the flowers are beautiful.
Walking in the park, I saw beautiful flowers.
2、时态使用错误
Finishing his homework, he watched TV.(实际:做完作业后才看电视)
Having finished his homework, he watched TV.
3、语态使用错误
Beating by his father, the boy cried.
Being beaten by his father, the boy cried.
4、否定词位置错误
Knowing not the answer, he kept silent.
Not knowing the answer, he kept silent.
5、与动名词混淆
He sat there, read a book.
He sat there, reading a book.
6、缺少连词
Seeing the police, the thief ran away.(时间关系不明确)
When seeing the police, the thief ran away.
八、与状语从句的转换
现在分词短语 状语从句
分词短语 状语从句 类型
Hearing the knock, I opened the door. When I heard the knock, I opened the door. 时间
Being tired, I went to bed early. Because I was tired, I went to bed early. 原因
Working hard, you will succeed. If you work hard, you will succeed. 条件
He stood at the door, waiting for his friend. He stood at the door and waited for his friend. 伴随
1.When the ladies were in the bookshop, ______ postcards, three young men started talking to them.
A.buying B.to buy C.bought D.to be bought
2.Mary can’t help ____the house. Why Because she is busy ____a hotel reservation.
A.to clean; making B.cleaning; making C.cleaning; to make D.to clean; to make
3.________ the heavy rain, the outdoor concert was cancelled.
A.Follow B.Follows C.Following D.Followed
4.Scrooge now treats everyone ________, ________ love and joy everywhere he goes.
A.with warmth, spreading
B.warmly, spreads
C.warm, spreading
5.She had great difficulty ________ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.
A.finding B.find C.found D.to find
6.Take the map, Jeff. Then you won’t have any problem _______ that small hotel.
A.on one hand B.on the hand C.finding D.found
7.I hope ______ a role in ____the result.
A.play; decide B.playing; deciding
C.play; deciding D.to play; deciding
8.When ________ difficulties, we should be brave.
A.face B.to face C.facing
9.When I was walking past his room yesterday evening, I heard him __________ piano.
A.playing B.to play the
C.playing the D.play
10.He put up a notice, to find his lost mobile phone.
A.hope B.hopes C.hoping D.to hope
11.During Spring Festival, people in China often visit relatives and friends, ________ presents to each other.
A.give B.giving C.to give D.gave
12.Which of the following sentences is correct
A.How interesting the trip is.
B.Although they attended the party, but they didn’t have fun.
C.You may stay here as long as you would like to.
D.The girl opened the box, wondered what was in it.
13.These days my classmates are busy ________ ready for the final exam.
A.to get B.get C.getting D.got
14.The sun was shining brightly, ________ everything there ________ more beautiful.
A.and made;looking B.to make; looked
C.making; look D.and making; be looked
15.The tornado (龙卷风) in the USA last month was really a disaster, ________ thousands of people homeless.
A.leave B.to leave C.left D.leaving
16.What great fun he had ____ the White House during the trip to the USA last year.
A.to visit B.to visiting C.visiting D.visited
17.I had a great time ______ football after school.
A.played B.playing C.play D.to play
18.The Chang’e-6 probe successfully collected samples from the far side of the moon, ________ a new record in lunar exploration.
A.set B.setting C.sets D.to set
19.As well as ________ all his homework, he helped his mother with a good cleaning around the house.
A.finishing B.finished C finishes C.to finish
20.There are some students _____ on the playground.
A.run B.running C.to run
21.—________ do you study English
—By ________ my teacher for help.
A.What; ask B.Who; to ask C.When; asks D.How; asking
22.The year 2019 is 70th anniversary(周年纪念日) of the founding of new China. On October 1st, our family sat by the TV, to watch the big parade, which showed the motherland strong force.
A.a, waited B.the, waiting C.an, wait
23.When ________ the death of his grandpa, Mike couldn’t help crying.
A.to know B.know C.knowing D.knew
24.Lucy left here quietly without goodbye to us.
A.say B.says C.said D.saying
25.Not just by ________ down and letting the sea wash over me.
A.lie B.lay C.lain D.lying
26.While ________ in China, the young man picked up some Chinese.
A.staying B.stay C.stayed D.to stay
27.When ________ shopping, take your own bags.
A.go B.going C.to go D.goes
28.Little Alice likes standing near the tank, ________ the fish inside.
A.seeing B.watching C.to see D.to watch
29.—George is popular in your class.
—Yes, he treats everyone with kindness and warmth, ________ love and joy everywhere he goes.
A.spread B.to spread C.spreading
30.—It’s too hot today.
—So it is. Look! There ________ so many people ________ in the sea.
A.is; swim B.is; swimming C.are; swim D.are; swimming
31.He fell asleep with a book ___________ open on his knees.
A.lay B.laying C.laid D.lying
32.Tim is a helpful student in our class. He always helps the students in trouble, ________ himself popular among our teacher and classmates.
A.make B.made C.making
33.—Are you talking about when _________ a party
—Yes. We plan to have it _________ Friday evening.
A.have; on B.having; on C.to have; in D.to have; on
34.一Jack, remember off the lights when the home.
一OK, I won't forget, Mom.
A.turning; leaving B.to turn; leave
C.turning; left D.to turn; leaving
35.They will send you the book for $ 5, ________ postage (邮费).
A.including B.included C.includes D.is included
36.---Did you have fun _____________ on your last day off
---No, I didn’t. there were too many people and it was really crowded.
A.shop B.shopping C.to shop D.shopped
37.Look! There _______ so many people _________here. Do you know what has happened
A.is, standing B.are, are standing C.are, standing
38.—It smells terrible. What has happened here
—Look, there is much waste gas _______from the chemical factory.
A.pouring B.pour C.pours
39.----What should I do to be a green man
----It’s very easy. For example, _____ your own bags when _____.
A.taking, shopping B.take, shopping
C.taking, you shopping D.take, you shopping
40.I always have difficulty ________math problems, so I often spend as much time as I can ________it.
A.in working out; solving
B.working out; solve
C.to work out; to solve
D.to work out; on solving
41.Did you hurt yourself ________ soccer
A.play B.played C.playing D.to play
42.His father is always busy his car at home.
A.wash B.washes C.to wash D.washing
43.The little boy was last seen __________ football by the river.
A.to play B.play C.played D.playing
44.The students are sitting there under that big tree, ________ books by themselves.
A.read B.reading C.to read
45.________ of the brave people and their great work, I always feel thankful with tears in my eyes.
A.To think B.Think C.Thinking D.Thought
46.You won't have any problems __the place.
A.find B.found C.finding D.to find
47.I rushed to my parents’ home, ________ a shared bike.
A.ride B.riding C.rode D.ridden
48.The sunlight is white and shining, ________ shadows on the ground.
A.being thrown B.throwing C.to throw D.to be thrown
49.—Either your dogs or your sheep________into my yard,the vegetables I planted last month were eaten.
—Dogs aren’t interested in vegetables.Anyway, I feel sorry, I will take care of my sheep,not________it run around.
A.comes;letting B.enter;lets C.come;let
50.They left the dining hall, _______ very happy.
A.to look B.looked C.looking
51.In the game, we ran around the game area, ______________ and getting shot.
A.shoot B.shooting C.shot D.being shot
52.________ around, the students listened to the story in details.
A.Stood B.Standing C.To stand D.Stand
53.I told a story to the kids, ________ it ________ as I went along.
A.make; up B.making; up C.to make; up D.made; up
54. ________ a book in his hand, the teacher came into the classroom. Then he ________ the book on the desk and began to check our exercises carefully.
A.Hold; lay B.Holding; laid
C.Held; lied D.Holding; lay
55.Ben called the manager of the restaurant, ________ to complain about their poor service.
A.hoped B.to hope C.hopes D.hoping
56.Is Jim at home by himself No, there’s another boy______ him.
A.playing with B.play with C.plays with D.to play
57.—When ________ difficulties, he never gives up.
—Yes. Nothing can break his ________ or take away his freedom (自由).
A.facing; peace B.facing; spirit C.to face; love D.to face; luck
58.While the programme, you’ll find danger the tigers face.
A.watching; how many B.watches; how
C.watching; how much D.watching; how
59.Tiger Mum went out of the bedroom, ________ her daughter crying sadly.
A.left B.leaving C.leaves D.to leave
60.It’s really dangerous to use your phone ________.
A.during you drive B.when drive C.while driving D.at the time of drive
61.Emphasis on quantity of growth overlooked gaps in the quality, ________many aspects of the social services neglected.
A.having left B.to be leaving C.to have left D.leaving
62.--What are you busy
--I am busy to the radio.
A.doing; listening B.do; listening C.to do; listens D.on; listening
63.It’s rude to laugh ______ others when they have trouble ______ something.
A.at; do B.to; doing
C.with ; to do D.at ;doing
64.That is an important bridge __________ this old town _______ Nanjing.
A.connect, to B.connect, with
C.to connect, with D.connecting, to
65.According to the news, the plane crashed ________ all 157 passengers ________.
A.killing, abroad B.killing, aboard C.killed, aboard D.killed, abroad
66.He said he had problem _______ out this math problem.
A.to work B.work C.working D.works
67.The observation wheel (观景摩天轮) reaches a height of 135 metres, ________ you a chance to enjoy beautiful views of London.
A.offer B.offered C.to offer D.offering
68._________where the hospital was, he asked a stranger the way.
A.Knowing B.Not knowing C.Known D.Not known
69._______ at the mark, I decided to blow it.
A.Looking B.Looked C.To look D.Looks
70.- It’s impossible for us to work out the Math problem in just 10 minutes. It’s too difficult.
- You’re right. We can’t be _____ careful while _____ on it.
A.quite; working B.very; to work C.too; working D.more; to work
71. In winter, the beautiful snows fell down from the sky, _____ the whole world more and more beautiful. It attracts millions of tourists every years.
A.make B.to make C.making
72.________ to those times, I really regret ________ back and not listening to mom.
A.Think back; talking B.Thinking back; talking C.To think back; to talk
73.The husband and wife have strange habits. He’d like to sleep with lamp _______ at night and his wife likes to sleep with the window _______.
A.burning; wide open B.burnt; widely opened
C.burnt; wide open D.burning; widely open
74.The climber hurt himself ________ the mountain.
A.climb B.to climb C.climbing D.climbed
75.He cooked healthy food for the children,______ meat,rice and vegetables.
A.include B.included
C.includes D.including
76.We pretended (假装) to be studying hard all night with our lights ________.
A.burn B.burnt C.burning D.to burn
77.With the weather ________ bad, we had to cancel the outdoor picnic.
A.turned B.turning C.turns D.turn
78.The man went into the room, _____ rather strange.
A.to look B.looking C.looked D.and looking
79.Great changes ________ in China in the last ten years, ________ it one of the strongest countries.
A.take place; to make B.took place; making
C.will take place; to make D.have taken place; making
80.Farmers depend on good weather ________ their crops.
A.grow B.to grow C.growing D.to growing
81.With the meal ________, the family gathered around the table, ________ the delicious aroma.
A.to be prepared; enjoying B.prepared; enjoyed
C.preparing; enjoyed D.prepared; enjoying
82.The girl came into the classroom, ___ an English song.
A.sing B.singing C.sang D.sings
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参考答案及试题解析
1.A
【解析】句意:当女士们在书店里买明信片时,三个年轻人开始和她们说话。
考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,此处是在描述当女士们在书店里买明信片时,三个年轻人开始和她们说话,所以应该用现在分词buying作状语,表示主动和正在进行的动作。故选A。
2.A
【解析】试题分析:句意为:---玛丽不能帮助打扫房子,为什么呢 ---因为他忙于宾馆接待。can’t help doing表示“禁不住做某事”, can’t help to do表示“不能帮助做某事”,be busy doing sth是习惯用法,表示“忙于做某事”,结合语境可知应选A。
考点:考查动词搭配。
3.C
【解析】句意:由于大雨,户外音乐会被取消了。
考查非谓语动词用法。Follow跟随;Follows跟随(第三人称单数);Following由于;Followed被跟随。根据“the outdoor concert was cancelled”可知,句中已有谓语,此处需用现在分词作状语,表示“由于大雨”。故选C。
4.A
【解析】句意:斯克鲁奇现在热情地对待每个人,无论走到哪里,他都会传播爱和欢乐。
考查状语及非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,第二个空应用非谓语动词,作伴随状语;第一个空作状语,修饰谓语。故选A。
5.A
【解析】试题分析:句意:他在那家饭店的菜单上很难找到合适的食物。短语have difficulty doing sth做某事有困难。本结构中现在分词作伴随状语,表示正在进行的伴随性动作,故选A。
考点:非谓语动词
点评:非谓语动词的用法比较固定,区别的主要办法一是和被修饰词的关系。一般现在分词和被修饰词是主谓关系,过去分词和被修饰词是动宾关系。二是表示动作状态的不同,现在分词表示正在进行的伴随性动作,过去分词表示发生过的被动的动作,不定式表示具体的将要进行的动作。掌握这两点,基本就能完成此类问题。
6.C
【解析】句意:Jeff,拿着地图。然后你再找那家小宾馆方面就不会有困难。
考查非谓语动词。have problem doing sth固定搭配,表示“做某事有困难”。故选C。
7.D
【解析】试题分析:句意:我希望在决定结果中起作用。根据句意及题干分析第一空“希望做某事”是hope to do sth.;第二空在介词in后面要加动词ing形式,故选D。
考点:考查非谓语动词的用法
8.C
【解析】句意:当我们面对困难时,我们应该勇敢。
考查非谓语动词。when引导的从句省略了主语we和be动词are,空处应用非谓语动词,face和逻辑主语we是主动关系,此处应用现在分词表示主动,故选C。
9.C
【解析】句意:当我昨天晚上从他的房间经过时,我听见他在弹钢琴。根据hear sb do sth听见某人做过某事,hear sb doing sth听见某人在做某事,根据When I was walking past his room yesterday evening可知是听见他在弹钢琴;根据play+the+音乐器材;故选C
10.C
【解析】试题分析:根据题干,本句的意思是“他贴了一张告示,寻找丢失的手机。”此处应用hoping to…来作伴随状语。所以本题选C。
考点:本题考查动名词。
点评:本题如果不熟悉动名词表示伴随状语的用法,就可能将其当做祈使句看待,从而选择A选项。但这里的主语是he,故不应该是祈使句。
11.B
【解析】句意:春节期间,中国人经常走亲访友,互相赠送礼物。
考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词“visit”,不能再用谓语形式,此处需用动词的非谓语形式。此处用现在分词“giving”作伴随状语,说明“走亲访友”的同时伴随“互相送礼物”的动作。“give”是动词原形,不能作伴随状语;“to give”表目的,不符合语境;“gave”是过去式,不是非谓语形式。 故选B。
12.C
【解析】题意:下面哪句话是正确的?
考查条件状语从句。How interesting the trip is表示“这次旅行多有趣啊”,这是一个感叹句,末尾用感叹号。A选项句子错误。“Although they attended the party, but they didn’t have fun”表示“虽然他们参加了晚会,但是玩得不开心”,句中although和but不能同时使用。B选项句子错误。“You may stay here as long as you would like to”是条件状语从句,表示“只要你愿意,你就待在这儿”。C选项句子正确。“The girl opened the box, wondered what was in it”表示“这个女孩打开盒子,想知道里面有什么”,此句的wonder应改成现在分词wondering做伴随状语。D选项句子错误。故选C。
13.C
【解析】试题分析:这些天我的同学们正忙着准备期末考试.短语be busy doing忙着做某事.现在分词作伴随状语表示正在进行的伴随性动作,结合语境可知选C.
考点:非谓语动词
点评:非谓语动词的用法比较固定,区别的主要办法一是和被修饰词的关系。一般现在分词和被修饰词是主谓关系,过去分词和被修饰词是动宾关系。二是表示动作状态的不同,现在分词表示正在进行的伴随性动作,过去分词表示发生过的被动的动作,不定式表示具体的将要进行的动作。掌握这两点,基本就能完成此类问题。
本题难点就是确定所给选项在句子中充当的句子成分,这可以通过分析原题的句子成分来确定。如果原文不缺少句子成分,则是需要非谓语动词。如果原题谓语不完整,则有可能是谓语动词。
14.C
【解析】句意:阳光灿烂,使那里的一切看起来更加美丽.
考查非谓语动词。make使,制作;look看起来。根据题干结构可知,第一空是现在分词作结果状语;第二空考查句型make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”,故选C。
15.D
【解析】句意:上个月在美国发生的龙卷风是一场真正的灾难,使成千上万的人无家可归。
考查非谓语动词。leave是动词原形;to leave是动词不定式;left是动词的过去式;leaving是现在分词形式。龙卷风导致很多人无家可归,是动作的发出者,此处用现在分词作状语,现在分词作非谓语,表示主动。故选D。
16.C
【解析】句意:他去年去美国旅行时去白宫玩得多开心啊。
A. to visit 动词不定式;B. to visiting介词+动名词;C. visiting动名词或现在分词;D. visited过去式或过去分词。此句是"what"引导的感叹句,同时也考查了have fun doing sth.的用法,意思是“做某事很开心,很高兴做某事,愉快地做某事”。故选C。
17.B
【解析】句意:放学后我踢足球很高兴。根据have a great time doing sth做某事很高兴;故选B
18.B
【解析】句意:嫦娥六号探测器成功从月球背面采集样本,创造了月球探索的新纪录。
考查非谓语动词。set创造,原形;setting创造,现在分词;sets创造,三单;to set创造,不定式。此处需用现在分词作伴随状语,表示“成功收集样本”的结果是“创造了新纪录”。用setting符合。故选B。
19.A
【解析】试题分析:句意:他帮助他的妈妈做好室内的清扫和完成他的作业一样好。短语as well as 与……一样好。连词as后用动词的现在分词形式。故选A
考点:动词的用法。
20.B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:有一些学生在操场上跑。现在分词作状语表示主语正在进行的伴随性动作,结合语境可知选B
21.D
【解析】句意:——你怎样学习英语?——通过寻求我的老师的帮助。
考查疑问词和非谓语动词。what什么;who谁;when何时;how怎样;ask问,动词原形;to ask问,不定式;asks问,一般现在时;asking问,现在分词。根据“By”可知此处对方式进行提问,故用how进行提问;by后跟动词的现在分词形式。故选D。
22.B
【解析】句意:2019年是新中国成立70周年。10月1日,我们一家人坐在电视机前,等着看展示祖国强大实力的盛大阅兵式。
考查冠词和现在分词。第一空,根据空后70th anniversary(周年纪念日) of the founding of new China,此空表示特指,应填定冠词the;第二空,结合句意可知,此空应填现在分词waiting作状语,表示伴随状态,故选B。
23.C
【解析】句意:当得知他爷爷去世的消息时,迈克忍不住哭了。
考查时间状语从句的省略。“When”引导时间状语从句时,若从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句隐含“主语 + be动词”的结构,可省略主语和be动词,此处“迈克”与“得知”是主动关系,可直接用现在分词作状语。故选C。
24.D
【解析】句意:露西悄悄地离开这儿,没有和我们说再见。根据without介词,后用doing;故选D
25.D
【解析】句意:不仅是躺下来,还要让海水漫过我全身。
考查动词辨析。lie 动词原形;lay 动词过去时;lain 动词过去分词;lying 动词现在分词。by是介词后面要接动词的ing形式。lie表示躺下,现在分词是把ie变y加ing。
故选D。
26.A
【解析】句意:在中国逗留期间,这位年轻人学会了一些中文。
考查非谓语动词。根据语义可知,while doing sth“当做某事的时候”,是while sb. is/was doing sth的省略形式,此处为分词结构作状语的用法,相当于While the young man was staying in China。故选A。
27.B
【解析】句意:去购物时,带上你自己的袋子。
考查非谓语动词。根据“When…shopping, take your own bags.”可知,此处是“when doing sth.”结构,表示“当做某事的时候”,用现在分词作状语。故选B。
28.B
【解析】句意:小Alice喜欢站在鱼缸附近看里面的鱼。
考查动词词义辨析及非谓语动词。see看,强调看的结果;watch观看,一般指仔细观察。根据句意可知,此处指仔细观看,应用watch;分析句子结构可知,此处应用现在分词形式,作伴随状语。故选B。
29.C
【解析】句意:——乔治在你们班很受欢迎。——是的,他以善良和温暖对待每个人,所到之处都传播着爱和欢乐。
考查非谓语动词。根据语境并结合句子结构可知,此处用现在分词形式,作伴随状语。故选C。
30.D
【解析】句意:——今天太热了。——确实如此。看!有很多人在海里游泳。
考查主谓一致及非谓语。此处是there be句型,主语是复数名词,be动词用are,排除A/B选项,此处符合there be...doing的结构,第二空用现在分词形式表示伴随,故选D。
31.D
【解析】试题分析:句意:他睡着了,一本打开的书放在膝盖上。本题选D,现在分词短语做伴随状语。
考点:考查非谓语动词。
32.C
【解析】句意:蒂姆是我们班上喜欢帮助别人的学生,他总是帮助有困难的学生,这使得他在我们老师和同学中受欢迎。
考查现在分词。make动词原形;made动词的过去式;making动词的现在分词。“himself popular among our teacher and classmates”这部分是结果状语,表示由前面得出的意料之内、情理之中的结果,用现在分词making。故选C。
33.B
【解析】句意:——你们是在讨论什么时候开派对吗?——是的。我们计划在星期五晚上举行。
考查非谓语动词和介词辨析。根据“Are you talking about when...a party ”可知,主语是动作的发出者,此处用现在分词作状语。on其后加星期或具体的时间;in其后加早中晚等。“Friday evening”是具体的时间,用时间介词on。故选B。
34.D
【解析】句意:——杰克,记得离开家时关灯。——好吧,妈妈,我不会忘记的。考查动词形式辨析题。remember有两种结构:remember doing sth.记得做过某事;remember to do sth.记得做某事(还没做),根据句意语境,妈妈在提醒关灯,可知事还没做,可排除AC选项。空白处动作leave是Jack发出的,需用现在分词形式,可排除B。根据句意结构,故选D。
点睛:本题的remember,还有前面第3小题的stop,都有to do和doing两种结构:to do是指“事情还没做”,而doing是指“在做的事情”,需认真辨别。
35.A
【解析】句意:他们会以5美元的价格把这本书寄给你,包括邮费。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,“…postage”部分作状语,对上文“$ 5”进行补充说明。include与其逻辑主语postage是主动关系,即包括邮费,故用现在分词including。故选A。
36.B
【解析】考查词组:have fun (in)doing“干什么很有趣”,句意是:你休假的时候购物愉快吗?不,人太多,真是太挤了。选B。
37.C
【解析】句意:看!有那么多人站在这里,你知道发生什么事了吗?is是,be动词的形式,主语为单数;are是,be动词的形式,主语为复数;standing站,现在分词,表示动作正在进行。这句话考查的是there be句型,意思是“有”,主语为so many people,是复数的,故排除A。句中已经有了谓语动词are,因此第二个空应填非谓语动词,are standing是现在进行时,是谓语动词的形式,故不合适,选C,standing是现在分词作伴随状语。
38.A
【解析】:此题考查现在分词的基本用法,表示某些动词正在进行,强调伴随。
39.B
【解析】句意:----我该怎么做才能成为一个绿色(环保)的人?----很容易。比如,购物时自己带袋子。考查动词形式。本句是肯定祈使句,肯定祈使句是动词原形开头,故第一空填take;when当…时候,后面跟从句或动名词(动名词短语),故第二空填shopping或you shop,结合选项可知选B。
40.A
【解析】句意:我总是在解数学难题方面有困难,所以我经常在数学上花费尽可能多的时间。
考查分词作状语。have difficulty (in) doing sth在做某事时有困难,in可以省略;spend time/money (in) doing sth/on sth花费时间/金钱做某事,结合句意,故选A。
41.C
【解析】句意:你踢足球时受伤了吗?
考查现在分词。分析句子结构,句中有谓语动词hurt,主语“you”与“play”之间是主动关系,此处playing是现在分词作状语。故选C。
42.D
【解析】句意:他父亲总是在家里忙着洗车。A.wash洗,动词原形; B.washes洗,动词的单数第三人称形式; .Cto wash洗,动词不定式形式; D.washing洗,动名词或现在分词形式。本题考查形容词短语。短语be busy doing sth.:忙于做某事;结合句意可知填washing;选D。
43.D
【解析】试题分析:句意为:这个小男孩最后被看见在河边踢球。see后可接不带to的动词不定式,也可接动词ing形式,但是意义不同。see sb do sth表示看见某人做过某事,see sb doing表示看见某人正在做某事。根据语境,我们发现小男孩的时候,他正在河边踢球。故选D。
考点:考查非谓语动词。
44.B
【解析】句意:学生们坐在那棵大树下,独自读书。
考查非谓语动词。句中有谓语动词,此处主语the students和read之间是主动关系,故此处用现在分词作状语。故选B。
45.C
【解析】句意:想到那些勇敢的人们和他们伟大的工作,我总是热泪盈眶。
考查动词非谓语。To think动词不定式;Think动词原形;Thinking现在分词或动名词;Thought过去式或过去分词。根据题干可知,设空处在句中作状语,表示伴随状态,且表示主动,所以用Thinking,故答案选C。
46.C
【解析】试题分析:句意:你找到这个地方不会有问题。根据句意及题干分析have problems后面要跟动词的ing形式,故选C。
考点:考查非谓语动词的用法
47.B
【解析】句意:我骑着一辆共享单车冲到父母家。
考查非谓语动词。根据“I rushed to my parents’ home, … a shared bike”可知,此空应填现在分词作伴随状语,故选B。
48.B
【解析】句意:阳光是白色闪闪发光的,在地上投下影子。
考查非谓语动词。主语The sunlight和动作throw之间是主动关系,使用现在分词在句中作状语,故选B。
49.A
【解析】句意:——你的狗或者是你的羊进到我的小院了。把我上个月种植的蔬菜都吃了。——狗对蔬菜不感兴趣。无论如何,我很抱歉,我会照顾好我的羊,再也不让它乱跑了。
考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。either…or…或者……或者……,就近原则。谓语动词随your sheep,sheep单复数同形,这里sheep是单数,因为后面有it,it指代单数名词。it代指sheep,逻辑主语为I,我主动不让羊到处乱跑,表示主动,后面选择现在分词形式。故选A。
50.C
【解析】句意:他们离开餐厅时,看起来很高兴。
考查非谓语动词。此处使用现在分词作状语,表示伴随状态,looking表示“看起来”。故选C。
51.B
【解析】句意:游戏里,我们在游戏区里跑来跑去,射击和被击中。
考查非谓语动词。and用于连接并列成分,and后的getting是现在分词,所以空格处应选现在分词,主语we和动词shoot之间是主动关系,所以空格处应选shooting,在此句中作伴随状语。故选B。
52.B
【解析】句意:学生们站在周围,详细地听着故事。
考查现在分词。standing around现在分词短语做伴随状语,表示和句子的谓语动词listen to听是同时发生的。stood站立,过去式;stand站立,原形;to stand动词不定式。故选B。
【点睛】本题考查现在分词做伴随状语。现在分词短语做伴随状语条件是有一个主语发出两个动作或一个主语处于两种状态,或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。伴随状语首先是一种状语,用来修饰动词的同时是表示与谓语动词同时进行,即伴随着谓语动词的动作同时进行。如本题中,主语是students,动词为stand和listen to,是同一个主语发出,谓语动词为listen to,stand是伴随listen to 同时发生的,故用现在分词形式做伴随状语。
53.B
【解析】句意:我给孩子们讲故事,是一边讲,一边现编的。
考查非谓语动词。因为空处动作是和前面的主句同时发生的,应用动词的ing形式作伴随状语,make up“编造”,固定短语。故选B。
54.B
【解析】句意:老师手里拿着一本书走进了教室。然后他把书放在桌子上,开始仔细检查我们的练习。
考查非谓语动词及动词时态。根据“…a book in his hand, the teacher came into the classroom”,可知,老师拿着一本书走进教室,主语“teacher”与动词“hold”是主谓关系,用现在分词作伴随状语,排除A和C选项。根据“began”可知,第二个空也应填动词的过去式,老师把书放在桌子上,lay“放置”,其过去式是laid,故选B。
55.D
【解析】句意:本给餐厅经理打了电话,想要投诉他们糟糕的服务。
考查非谓语动词。句子已有谓语动词“called”,因此“hope”应用非谓语形式。此处表示伴随动作,且主语“Ben”是动作“hope”的执行者,应用现在分词“hoping”。故选D。
56.A
【解析】句意:Jim一个人在家吗?不是,有另外一个男孩和他一起玩。playing with和某人一起玩;play with动词原形;plays with第三人称单数形式;to play动词不定式。句中使用了there be句型,此空应用非谓语动词,修饰another boy,并构成主动关系,故应选A。
57.B
【解析】句意:——面对困难,他从不放弃。——是的。没有什么能磨灭他的精神,剥夺他的自由。
考查非谓语动词和名词辨析。peace和平;spirit精神;love爱;luck运气。第一空所在句子主语he与动词face“面对”是主动关系,且从句省略了“he is”,应用动词的现在分词形式。根据“he never gives up”可知,没有什么能磨灭他的精神,第二空填spirit。故选B。
58.C
【解析】试题分析:句意:当看节目的时候,你将会发现老虎面临着多少危险。while可以做介词,如果后面是动词用动名词。danger是不可数名词,结合句意,故选C。
考点:考查非谓语动词及感叹句的用法。
59.B
【解析】句意:虎妈走出了卧室,留下女儿伤心地哭着。
考查非谓语动词。根据“Tiger Mum went out of the bedroom, ... her daughter crying sadly.”可知,leave“留下”这个动作是由虎妈发出的,故应用现在分词leaving,在句中作伴随状语。故选B。
60.C
【解析】句意:开车时玩手机真的很危险。
考查伴随状态。“you drive”是句子,应用连词连接,排除A;when后应用现在分词作状语,排除B;of是介词,其后加动名词作宾语,排除D。故选C。
61.D
【解析】句意:强调增长的数量,忽视了质量方面的差距,从而忽视了社会服务的许多方面。
本题考查非谓语动词。having left是现在分词的完成式;to be leaving是动词不定式的进行式;to have left是动词不定式的完成式,leaving是现在分词或动名词。此处表示只注重数量而忽视质量,这样必然的结果就是忽视了社会服务,用现在分词表示结果,故选D。
62.A
【解析】句意:-----你忙什么呢?------我正忙着听收音机。短语be busy doing sth.忙于做某事。根据短语be busy doing的用法可知选A。
63.D
【解析】试题分析:句意:嘲笑做某事遇到麻烦的人是不礼貌的。Laugh at嘲笑;have trouble doing sth做某事遇到麻烦。故选D。
考点:考查习惯用语。
64.D
【解析】句意:那是一座重要的桥联接着这座老城与南京。
考查非谓语动词和动词短语。connect to连接到;connect with连接起来。“connect A to B” 常用于物理连接(如桥梁、道路),而“connect A with B”多用于抽象连接(如人或想法)。本句连接两个地点(this old town和Nanjing),因此“to”更贴切。当动词修饰名词时,需用非谓语形式(分词或不定式)。现在分词(-ing)表示主动或伴随状态,不定式(to do)常表示目的。本句强调桥的现有功能,分词更合适。故选D。
65.B
【解析】句意:据新闻报道,飞机坠毁,机上157名乘客全部遇难。
考查非谓语动词和副词辨析。根据“the plane crashed...all 157 passengers”可知,主语和动作之间是主动关系,用现在分词,排除CD;abroad在国外;aboard在飞机上。根据“the plane crashed...all 157 passengers”可知,是在飞机上,故选B。
66.C
【解析】试题分析:句意:他说他解答这道数学题有困难。根据句意及题干分析此题是考查“have problem doing sth.”,是指在做某事方面有困难,故选C。
考点:考查非谓语动词的用法
67.D
【解析】句意:观景摩天轮高达135米,为你提供一个欣赏伦敦美景的机会。
考查非谓语动词的用法。offer提供,动词原形;offered过去式或过去分词;to offer不定式;offering动名词或现在分词。分析句子可知,“...you a chance to enjoy beautiful views of London”在句中作伴随状语,“offer”与句子主语“The observation wheel”之间是主动关系,即“摩天轮主动提供机会”,所以要用现在分词形式“offering”来作伴随状语。故选D。
68.B
【解析】句意:由于不知道医院在哪儿,他找了一位路人问路。
本题考查非谓语动词。knowing主动,known被动。现在分词knowing在此作原因状语,与句子主语he是主动关系。且根据句意可知,译为“不知道”,用现在分词的否定形式,故选B。
69.A
【解析】句意:看着那个分数,我决定吹走它。此处主语I与动词look之间是主动关系,表示伴随状语,故用现在分词looking,故选A。
70.C
【解析】句意:——我们不可能在10分钟内算出这道数学题。太难了。——你说得对。我们在工作时不能太小心。考查副词和动词形式辨析题。while与…同时,现在分词working是主语we发出的动作,做伴随状语,不定式不可做伴随状语,可排除BD两项。quite十分,very非常,too太,more更多的。根据句意语境,可知too更合句意,故选C。
71.C
【解析】试题分析:句意:-在冬天,美丽的雪花从天上掉了下来,整个世界更美丽。它吸引了数以百万计的游客每年;根据题意故选A。本题考查动名词作伴随状语。根据题意故选C。
考点:考查非谓语动词。
72.B
【解析】句意:回想那些时光,我真的很后悔顶嘴,没有听妈妈的话。
考查非谓语动词的用法。第一个空,动词think与主语I是主动关系,且前半句作状语,故用现在分词形式Thinking back;第二个空,regret doing sth.表示“后悔做过某事”。故选B。
73.A
【解析】试题分析:句意:丈夫和妻子都有怪习惯。丈夫喜欢晚上开着灯睡觉而妻子喜欢窗户敞开着睡觉。With +n.+vting或with+n.+adj.表示伴随状态。Burning 意为燃烧着,open意为开着的,张开着的,wide做副词,意为张得(或开得)很大地,充分地,根据句意故选A。
考点:考查with的复合结构。
74.C
【解析】句意:登山者在爬山时受伤了。
考查现在分词作状语。根据“The climber hurt himself ...the mountain.”可知表示在爬山时候受伤了,主语和climb之间指主动关系,所以应用现在分词状语。故选C。
75.D
【解析】句意:他给孩子们做健康的食物,包括肉、米饭和蔬菜。include包括,动词原形;included被包括,过去分词形式;includes包括,第三人称单数形式;including包括,现在分词形式。句中cooked是谓语动词,所以这里应填非谓语动词的形式;根据句意包括…,故应用现在分词。
点睛:include现在分词和过去分词的区别:include在所包含的物品前面时,用现在分词including;如果所包含的物品在include前面,则用过去分词形式。
76.C
【解析】句意:我们开着灯假装整晚都在努力学习。
考查非谓语动词。根据“with our lights ...”可知,burn表示“点燃;发亮;发光”,是不及物动词,与“our lights”是主动关系,因此此处要用现在分词表示伴随。故选C。
77.B
【解析】句意:由于天气变坏,我们不得不取消户外野餐。
考查with的复合结构。分析句子可知,此处是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构作状语,weather和turn之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故选B。
78.B
【解析】现在分词短语作伴随状语。表示同时进行的动作。
79.D
【解析】句意:在过去的十年里,中国发生了巨大的变化,使其成为最强大的国家之一。
考查动词时态和非谓语动词用法。in the last ten years提示动作发生在过去并持续到现在,应使用现在完成时(have taken place);后半部分用现在分词(making)作伴随状语,表示变化带来的结果。故选D。
80.C
【解析】句意:农民依靠好天气种植庄稼。
考查非谓语动词。grow种植;to grow动词不定式;growing现在分词;to growing结构错误。depend on sb/sth doing sth依赖某人(某事)做某事,此处用现在分词作状语,结合句意,故选C。
81.D
【解析】句意:饭菜准备好后,一家人围坐在餐桌旁,享受着美味的香气。
考查非谓语动词。根据“with the meal...” 可知,这是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构,“meal” 与 “prepare”之间是被动关系,即饭菜是被准备的,且此处表示饭菜已经准备好这一状态,所以用过去分词“prepared”作宾语补足语;根据“the family”可知,“enjoy”这个动作是由“the family”主动发出的,所以用现在分词“enjoying”作伴随状语。故选D。
82.B
【解析】句意:那个女孩唱歌着英文歌进入教室。本题考查现在分词作伴随状语。分析句子可知此处填非谓语,所以A.sing动词原形、C.sang动词过去式、D.sings动词的三单形式,故错误。此处的非谓语语气逻辑主语the girl是主动关系,所以用现在分词,作用是作伴随状语,故选B。
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