Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Pre-reading
Before reading the passage， answer the following question.
What is the meaning of adversity？
While-reading
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
2.What does the passage mainly tell us？（ ）
A.Perce Blackborow admired Shackleton very much.
B.Shackleton took Perce Blackborow to the ship.
C.Perce Blackborow’s diary entries about the great expedition.
D.Perce Blackborow missed his mother very much.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What directly caused Perce to explore Antarctica？（ ）
A.Hearing the story of Sir Ernest Shackleton.
B.His curiosity about what existed in the South Pole.
C.Reading an advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
D.His eagerness to work with Sir Ernest Shackleton.
2.When Perce Blackborow was assigned to be a steward at first， what’s his attitude？（ ）
A.Angry and disappointed.
B.Hopeless and disappointed.
C.Satisfied and excited.
D.Worried and angry.
3.Why did Shackleton decide to abandon the Endurance？（ ）
A.Because the Endurance was firmly frozen in the sea.
B.Because the ice would bring danger to the ship.
C.Because Shackleton found his crew in panic.
D.Because the ship was crushed by the ice.
4.Why did Shackleton allow Hussey to keep his banjo？（ ）
A.Because the banjo was valuable.
B.Because Shackleton liked the banjo.
C.Because the banjo was small.
D.Because Hussey could play it to keep our spirits up.
5.How did Perce describe Shackleton in the text？（ ）
A.Strict and confident.
B.Calm and considerate.
C.Smart and open-minded.
D.Brave and ambitious.
第三步：辨难句拆分解读
1.However， when I applied to join the expedition， Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified.
句式分析：Shackleton turned me down是 ；when引导 从句；because引导原因状语从句；在原因状语从句中， he thought是 ；I was too young and wasn’t qualified是 从句。
自主翻译：
2.Soon after we arrived， Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island， 1，320 kilometres away — the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.
句式分析：soon after引导 从句；Shackleton left us to find help是主句；破折号表示解释说明；too ...to ...意为“太……而不能……”。
自主翻译：
Post-reading
第一步：抒己见提升思维
What is the most important factor that helps a person to achieve success？
第二步：课文语法填空
Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in 1914.Below are some of Blackborow’s diary entries.
It so happened 1. one morning I read the 2. （advertise） about the Antarctic expedition. At first， Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t 3. （qualify）. But I secretly hid in a small cupboard. Unfortunately， three days after we set off I 4. （discover）. So he had to offer me a job， and assigned me to be 5. steward.
The journey has not been easy. Endurance became stuck in the ice and the 6. （crush） ship sank. Shackleton 7. （calm） told us to rescue our most essential supplies. We were not allowed 8. （take） most of our personal belongings.
We have been struggling for days， but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse. Shackleton left us to find help. When I begin to feel low， I try 9. （think） of happier things. Without Frank and Ernest， we’d all be dead by now. Their genuine concern 10. others， their perseverance， and their resolve fill me with hope.
A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE
Perce Blackborow joined an expedition① with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance② in 1914.Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day③ and [1]it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions.Below are some of Blackborow’s diary entries④.
[1]to be part of his expeditions 是动词不定式短语作真正的主语，it 作形式主语。
31 Oct 1914
...Well， [2]it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
[2]it so happened that ...碰巧……，在该句式中it 作形式主语，that 引导的从句作真正的主语。
An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton — this is the adventure [3]that I have been dreaming of.And I was ready for it.At the age of 19， I am fit and full of vigour⑤.However， when I applied to join⑥ the expedition， Shackleton turned me down⑦ [4]because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified⑧. But I was so enthusiastic⑨about the idea of going along with⑩ them [5]that I secretly went aboard his ship， the Endurance， and hid in a small cupboard . Unfortunately ， three days after we set off I was discovered.Shackleton did not want to turn back so he offered me a job， but only after he promised me，“If anyone has to be eaten， then you will be the first！” He assigned me to be a steward ， and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men， three times a day.
[6]How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to！
[3]that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词adventure；从句中have been dreaming 是现在完成进行时。
[4]句中because 引导原因状语从句，其中 I was too young and wasn’t qualified 是省略了引导词that 的宾语从句。
[5]that 引导结果状语从句。
[6]该句是How引导的感叹句，其中when引导时间状语从句；I have been to是省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词places。
21 Nov 1915
The journey has not been easy.Endurance became stuck in the ice [7]as we approached Antarctica.The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck！ We saw the ship get crushed by the ice.And [8]when the ship sank ， our hearts sank with it.
Before we abandoned the ship， Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies — the small boats， our food， the cook stove ， candles， clothes， and blankets .This was no time to panic .We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings ， and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold.But to our surprise， he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo .Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up .
We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive， but [9]spring is coming， and the ice will soon begin to melt.
[7]as引导时间状语从句。
[8]when 引导时间状语从句。
[9]该句用现在进行时表示将来。
20 May 1916
We have been struggling for days， but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse .We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the rocky shore of this miserable place.Soon after we arrived， Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island， 1，320 kilometres away —[10] the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.[11] If Shackleton fails， will we have any hope of rescue？ No.No navy in the world ever stops at Elephant Island， and no one else knows [12]that we are here.
[10]句中含有too ... to ...结构，意为“太……而不能……”。
[11]If引导真实条件句。
[12]that 引导宾语从句，作know的宾语。
I feel low .It’s cold and windy.The island has no plants.Sometimes we are able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat.Otherwise， there is no food.I try to think of happier things： decent food， warm and dry clothes， a cosy bedroom， sunny days， and my mother’s face ... However， these happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air.
I shouted，“Shut the door！”
“Hold on now， Perce.Don’t you go turning into another Tom，” came the reply.“We’ve caught another penguin， so it’s penguin soup tonight！”
Bless Frank Wild， the kindest man there is after our leader， Ernest Shackleton.How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees！
[13]Without Frank and Ernest， we’d all be dead by now. Their genuine concern for others， their perseverance ， and their resolve fill me with hope.
Perhaps there is a chance we will return home， after all.
[13]该句是含有Without介词短语的隐含虚拟语气句。
①expedition n.探险；远征；探险队
②endurance n.忍耐力；耐久力
endure v.忍耐，容忍
③of one’s day 在某人那个年代
④diary entry 日记摘录
⑤vigour n.精力；力量；活力
full of vigour 充满活力
vigorous adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的
⑥apply to do sth申请做某事
⑦turn sb down拒绝（某人）
⑧qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识（或技能、学历等）
be qualified to 能胜任
qualify v.使具有资格；取得资格
⑨enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的
be enthusiastic about
热衷于，对……充满热情
enthusiasm n.热情，热忱
⑩go along with 和……一起去
aboard adv.& prep.上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）
go aboard 上船；上飞机
cupboard n.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜
unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地
set off 出发，动身
assign vt.分派；布置；分配
assign sb to do sth
指派某人做某事
assignment n.（分派的）工作；任务
steward n.（轮船、飞机或火车上的）乘务员；服务员
stewardess n.（轮船、飞机或火车上的）女乘务员；女服务员
serve vt.（给某人）提供；端上；服务
envy n.& vt.羡慕；妒忌
out of envy出于妒忌
well and truly 确实地；准确地
crush vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎
n.拥挤的人群
sink vi.沉没；下沉；下降
vt.使下沉；使沉没
abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃
abandon doing sth放弃做某事
stove n.炉具；厨房灶具
blanket n.毯子
panic v.（使）惊慌
belongings n.[pl.] 财物；动产
personal belongings 私人物品
banjo n.班卓琴（乐器）
keep one’s spirits up
振奋某人的精神
go from bad to worse
每况愈下；越来越糟
miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的
soon after 稍后，不久以后
voyage n.& vi.航海；航行
make a voyage 出海；航行
make it 成功做到
navy n.海军；海军部队
naval adj.海军的；军舰的
feel low 情绪不高
decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的
decently adv.正派地；高雅地
cosy adj.温馨的；舒适的
be interrupted by 被……打断
a rush of 一阵
hold on 坚持
turn into 变成；进入
selfish adj.自私的
good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的
genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
genuinely adv.真诚地；诚实地
perseverance n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求
resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决（问题或困难） n.决心；坚定的信念
resolution n.决议；解决；坚定
一次成功的失败 珀西·布莱克博罗于1914年加入欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士的“坚忍”号南极探险之旅。沙克尔顿是那个时代最负盛名的探险家之一，加入他的探险活动被视为极大的荣耀。以下是布莱克博罗的几篇日记摘录。 1914年10月31日 ……好吧，一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到了这则有关南极探险的招募广告。 跟随伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士前往南极探险——这可是我梦寐以求的冒险之旅啊。而且，我万事俱备。我今年19岁，身体健康，精力充沛。然而，当我申请加入这次探险时，沙克尔顿却拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不具备资格。但是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷偷地爬上了他的“坚忍”号轮船，躲在一个小橱柜里。不幸的是，在我们出发三天后，我被发现了。沙克尔顿不想掉头，于是他给了我一份工作，但他要我答应他：“如果有人得被吃掉，那么你就是第一个！”他指派我担任服务员，我现在为28名船员供应一日三餐。 等我回来，当我告诉每个人我去过的那些神奇的地方，大家该会多羡慕我啊！ 1915年11月21日 这趟旅程并不轻松。在我们靠近南极时，“坚忍”号卡在了冰里。冰把我们周围都冻住了，我们彻底被卡住了！我们眼睁睁看着轮船被冰挤毁。船沉了，我们的心也跟着下沉。 在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把大家召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品——小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、衣服和毛毯。这不是惊慌失措的时候。我们绝大部分的个人物品都被禁止携带，沙克尔顿自己则扔掉了他所有的黄金。然而，令我们惊讶的是，他允许赫西带上他的班卓琴。赫西经常会弹奏班卓琴，以振奋我们的精神。 现在，我们在冰层上扎营，一直在设法生存下来，但是，春天就要来了，冰层很快就会融化。 1916年5月20日 我们已苦苦挣扎多日，但是象岛上的情况越来越糟糕。现在，在这个悲惨之地的岩石海岸，我们挤在一艘小船下。我们来到此处之后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们，前往1，320公里之外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助——这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了，乘坐小船，肯定无法每个人都到达。如果沙克尔顿失败了，我们还有任何获救的希望吗？没有。全世界没有海军会停靠象岛，也没有其他人知道我们在这里。 我感到十分沮丧。天冷风大。岛上没有任何植物。有时我们能抓到一只海豹或企鹅来充饥。除此以外，没有任何食物。我试着去想让人开心的事情：美味的食物、暖和的干衣服、舒适的卧室、晴朗的天气，还有妈妈的脸庞……然而，这些快乐的回忆很快被突然涌进的一股冷空气打断。 我吼道：“把门关上！” 传来一声回答：“要坚持住啊，珀西。你可不要变成另一个汤姆。”“我们又抓到了一只企鹅，今晚有企鹅汤喝了！” 上天保佑弗兰克·怀尔德，他是除了我们的领队欧内斯特·沙克尔顿之外最和蔼可亲的人。我怎么可以变得像托马斯·奥德里斯那样自私和脾气暴躁呢！ 要不是有弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们到现在早就没命了。他们对别人的真心关怀、他们的锲而不舍以及坚定的信念，让我充满希望。 毕竟，我们也许还有机会回家。
Ⅰ.词块默写
1. 被认为是极大的荣耀
2. 身体健康，精力充沛
3. 申请加入探险队
4. 拒绝我
5. 对这个想法充满热情
6. 指派我担任服务员
7. 彻底被卡住
8. 抢救我们最需要的供给品
9. 每况愈下；越来越糟
10. 被突然涌进的一股冷空气打断
Ⅱ.课文原句默写
1.加入他的探险活动被视为极大的荣耀。
2.一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到了这则有关南极探险的招募广告。
3.不幸的是，在我们出发三天后，我被发现了。
4.等我回来，当我告诉每个人我去过的那些神奇的地方，大家该会多羡慕我啊！
5.我们已苦苦挣扎多日，但是象岛上的情况越来越糟糕。
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 4 Section Ⅰ （1）
核心词汇集释
1.turn sb down 拒绝（某人）
教材原句 However， when I applied to join the expedition， Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified.
然而，当我申请加入这次探险时，沙克尔顿却拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不具备资格。
【用法】
turn to 求助于；翻到（书的某页）；转向
turn out 结果是；证明是
turn up 开大；出现；露面
turn into 转变成
turn over 翻过来；移交
turn one’s back on sb/sth对某人/某事置之不理；背弃某人/某事
【佳句】 When I turned to him for help， he turned me down without hesitation， which made me very disappointed.当我向他求助时，他毫不犹豫地拒绝了我，这让我很失望。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The party turned to be a great success.
②Please turn the radio a bit. I can’t hear the news clearly.
③He turned his back his old friends when he became rich.
【写美】 完成句子
④这对双胞胎在厨房里焦急地走来走去，这时爸爸出现了。
The twins were pacing up and down in the kitchen anxiously when Dad .
2.qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识（或技能、学历等）
【用法】
（1）be qualified for sth 有资格获得某物
be qualified to do sth 有资格做某事
（2）qualify vt.& vi. （使）具备资格；（使）合格
qualify sb to do sth 使某人有资格做某事
（3）qualification n. 资格；资历；资格证书
【佳句】 As far as I am concerned，the clever and good-tempered young man is qualified to accept the job.就我而言，这个聪明、脾气好的年轻人有资格接受这项工作。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She is well qualified the job， so she may get the offer.
②He is qualified （teach） English.
③His excellent performance qualified him （get） a promotion.
【写美】 完成句子
④他自学了多门课程后，终于获得了从事那份工作的资格。
After self-learning multiple courses， he finally .
3.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的
教材原句 But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship， the Endurance， and hid in a small cupboard.
但是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷偷地爬上了他的“坚忍”号轮船，躲在一个小橱柜里。
【用法】
（1）be enthusiastic about 对……充满热情
（2）enthusiasm n. 热情；热心
【佳句】 ①You don’t seem very enthusiastic about the party — don’t you want to go tonight？
你似乎对聚会不太热心——你今晚不想去吗？
②One of the good things about teaching young children is their great enthusiasm.
教小孩子的好处之一就是他们有极大的热情。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She is enthusiastic dancing， which makes her full of energy.
②His （enthusiastic） for study is so great that he always gets good grades.
【写美】 完成句子
③孩子们对去动物园的旅行充满热情。
The children .
4.envy n.& vt.羡慕；妒忌
教材原句 How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to！ 等我回来，当我告诉每个人我去过的那些神奇的地方，大家该会多羡慕我啊！
【用法】
（1）be the envy of 成为羡慕/妒忌的对象
green with envy 非常妒忌；非常眼红
（2）envy sb （doing） sth 羡慕/妒忌某人（做）某事
（3）envious adj. 羡慕的；忌妒的
【佳句】 I envied him being enthusiastic and full of energy and it seemed that he never felt exhausted.
我羡慕他的热情和精力充沛，他似乎从不感到疲惫。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She was green envy when she saw her friend’s new car.
②I envy you （have） such a wonderful family.
③She is always （envy） of others’ achievements.
【写美】 完成句子
④他的成功让他成了同学们羡慕的对象。
His success .
5.abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃n.放任；放纵
教材原句 Before we abandoned the ship， Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies — the small boats， our food， the cook stove， candles， clothes， and blankets.在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把大家召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品——小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、衣服和毛毯。
【用法】
（1）abandon oneself to ... 沉溺于……，纵情于……
abandon doing sth 放弃做某事
（2）with abandon 放纵地，放任地
（3）abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的
be abandoned to （doing） 沉溺于……
【佳句】 After 20 lessons I finally abandoned my attempt to learn to drive.
上了20节课后，我终于放弃了学开车的念头。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①These （abandon）children have now got a future.
②They completely abandoned （them） to pessimism and even despair.
③He had to abandon （smoke） because of his health.
【写美】 完成句子
④当他们的足球队踢赢时，球迷们便疯狂地欢呼。
The fans when their football team won.
重点句型解构
1.句型公式：as引导的状语从句
教材原句 Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica.
在我们靠近南极时，“坚忍”号卡在了冰里。
【用法】
（1）as用作连词，可以引导时间状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句。
（2）as引导让步状语从句时，句子用部分倒装结构。
【品悟】 ①As the craftsman came into the classroom， we gave him a warm welcome and two boys helped him with the tool box.
当那位工匠走进教室时，我们热烈欢迎，两个男孩帮他拿工具箱。
②Talented as he is， he is not yet ready to turn professional.
虽然他很有天赋，但他还没有准备好成为职业运动员。
【写美】 完成句子
①当我在公园散步的时候，我遇到了一位老朋友。
， I met an old friend.
②因为雨下得很大，所以我们决定待在家里。
， we decided to stay at home.
③在实验中按照老师告诉你的去做。
in the experiment.
④尽管他很年轻，但是他对历史了解很多。
， he knows a lot about history.
2.句型公式：too ...to ...太……而不能……
教材原句 Soon after we arrived， Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island， 1，320 kilometres away — the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.我们来到此处之后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们，前往1，320公里之外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助——这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了，乘坐小船，肯定无法每个人都到达。
【用法】
（1）“too＋形容词/副词（for sb）＋to do sth”表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能……”。
（2）be only too glad/pleased to do sth 非常乐意做某事
（3）can’t/can never ...too ... 再怎么……也不过分
【品悟】 It was too difficult for me to pull my head out of the giant pumpkin.Hence， I was too eager to turn to my father for assistance.
对我来说，把我的头从巨大的南瓜中拔出来太难了。因此，我急于向父亲寻求帮助。
【写美】 完成句子
①这个手提箱对小女孩来说太重了，她自己提不动。
The suitcase is on her own.
②昨晚听到这个好消息后，他兴奋得难以入睡。
He was last night after hearing the good news.
③在学校项目中，再怎么强调团队合作的重要性也不为过。
You in school projects.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.When I saw a little girl crying there， my heart （下沉）.
2.As far as I’m concerned， the new roommate is honest and （真诚的）.
3.When you get off the bus， do not forget to take your （财物）.
4.It is natural that some young people are eager to join the （探险）.
5.The guide was so （热情的） that she offered me some practical advice.
6.Some colleagues （羡慕） the lucky young man， but he didn’t care about it.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1.Playing computer games is harmful to your health.Don’t （沉溺于这种享乐中）.
2.Many students are （太紧张了，夜里无法入睡） before the exam.
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 4 Section Ⅰ （2）
12 / 12Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Pre-reading
Before reading the passage， answer the following question.
What is the meaning of adversity？
“Adversity” is a noun that means a difficult or unpleasant situation， or a state of misfortune or hardship. It often refers to challenges， obstacles， or setbacks that people face in life.
While-reading
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
2.What does the passage mainly tell us？（ ）
A.Perce Blackborow admired Shackleton very much.
B.Shackleton took Perce Blackborow to the ship.
C.Perce Blackborow’s diary entries about the great expedition.
D.Perce Blackborow missed his mother very much.
答案：C
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What directly caused Perce to explore Antarctica？（ ）
A.Hearing the story of Sir Ernest Shackleton.
B.His curiosity about what existed in the South Pole.
C.Reading an advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
D.His eagerness to work with Sir Ernest Shackleton.
2.When Perce Blackborow was assigned to be a steward at first， what’s his attitude？（ ）
A.Angry and disappointed.
B.Hopeless and disappointed.
C.Satisfied and excited.
D.Worried and angry.
3.Why did Shackleton decide to abandon the Endurance？（ ）
A.Because the Endurance was firmly frozen in the sea.
B.Because the ice would bring danger to the ship.
C.Because Shackleton found his crew in panic.
D.Because the ship was crushed by the ice.
4.Why did Shackleton allow Hussey to keep his banjo？（ ）
A.Because the banjo was valuable.
B.Because Shackleton liked the banjo.
C.Because the banjo was small.
D.Because Hussey could play it to keep our spirits up.
5.How did Perce describe Shackleton in the text？（ ）
A.Strict and confident.
B.Calm and considerate.
C.Smart and open-minded.
D.Brave and ambitious.
答案：1－5 CCDDB
第三步：辨难句拆分解读
1.However， when I applied to join the expedition， Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified.
句式分析：Shackleton turned me down是 主句 ；when引导 时间状语 从句；because引导原因状语从句；在原因状语从句中， he thought是 主句 ；I was too young and wasn’t qualified是 宾语 从句。
自主翻译： 然而，当我申请加入这次探险时，沙克尔顿却拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不具备资格。
2.Soon after we arrived， Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island， 1，320 kilometres away — the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.
句式分析：soon after引导 时间状语 从句；Shackleton left us to find help是主句；破折号表示解释说明；too ...to ...意为“太……而不能……”。
自主翻译： 我们来到此处之后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们，前往1，320公里之外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助——这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了，乘坐小船，肯定无法每个人都到达。
Post-reading
第一步：抒己见提升思维
What is the most important factor that helps a person to achieve success？
In my opinion， the most important factor is perseverance.All the winners are those who keep working hard and nobody who gives up halfway can succeed.Actually， many of life’s failures are people who did not realise how close they were to success when they gave up.
第二步：课文语法填空
Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in 1914.Below are some of Blackborow’s diary entries.
It so happened 1. that one morning I read the 2. advertisement （advertise） about the Antarctic expedition. At first， Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t 3. qualified （qualify）. But I secretly hid in a small cupboard. Unfortunately， three days after we set off I 4. was discovered （discover）. So he had to offer me a job， and assigned me to be 5. a steward.
The journey has not been easy. Endurance became stuck in the ice and the 6. crushed （crush） ship sank. Shackleton 7. calmly （calm） told us to rescue our most essential supplies. We were not allowed 8. to take （take） most of our personal belongings.
We have been struggling for days， but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse. Shackleton left us to find help. When I begin to feel low， I try 9. to think （think） of happier things. Without Frank and Ernest， we’d all be dead by now. Their genuine concern 10. for others， their perseverance， and their resolve fill me with hope.
A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE
Perce Blackborow joined an expedition① with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance② in 1914.Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day③ and [1]it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions.Below are some of Blackborow’s diary entries④.
[1]to be part of his expeditions 是动词不定式短语作真正的主语，it 作形式主语。
31 Oct 1914
...Well， [2]it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
[2]it so happened that ...碰巧……，在该句式中it 作形式主语，that 引导的从句作真正的主语。
An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton — this is the adventure [3]that I have been dreaming of.And I was ready for it.At the age of 19， I am fit and full of vigour⑤.However， when I applied to join⑥ the expedition， Shackleton turned me down⑦ [4]because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified⑧. But I was so enthusiastic⑨about the idea of going along with⑩ them [5]that I secretly went aboard his ship， the Endurance， and hid in a small cupboard . Unfortunately ， three days after we set off I was discovered.Shackleton did not want to turn back so he offered me a job， but only after he promised me，“If anyone has to be eaten， then you will be the first！” He assigned me to be a steward ， and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men， three times a day.
[6]How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to！
[3]that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词adventure；从句中have been dreaming 是现在完成进行时。
[4]句中because 引导原因状语从句，其中 I was too young and wasn’t qualified 是省略了引导词that 的宾语从句。
[5]that 引导结果状语从句。
[6]该句是How引导的感叹句，其中when引导时间状语从句；I have been to是省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词places。
21 Nov 1915
The journey has not been easy.Endurance became stuck in the ice [7]as we approached Antarctica.The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck！ We saw the ship get crushed by the ice.And [8]when the ship sank ， our hearts sank with it.
Before we abandoned the ship， Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies — the small boats， our food， the cook stove ， candles， clothes， and blankets .This was no time to panic .We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings ， and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold.But to our surprise， he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo .Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up .
We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive， but [9]spring is coming， and the ice will soon begin to melt.
[7]as引导时间状语从句。
[8]when 引导时间状语从句。
[9]该句用现在进行时表示将来。
20 May 1916
We have been struggling for days， but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse .We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the rocky shore of this miserable place.Soon after we arrived， Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island， 1，320 kilometres away —[10] the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.[11] If Shackleton fails， will we have any hope of rescue？ No.No navy in the world ever stops at Elephant Island， and no one else knows [12]that we are here.
[10]句中含有too ... to ...结构，意为“太……而不能……”。
[11]If引导真实条件句。
[12]that 引导宾语从句，作know的宾语。
I feel low .It’s cold and windy.The island has no plants.Sometimes we are able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat.Otherwise， there is no food.I try to think of happier things： decent food， warm and dry clothes， a cosy bedroom， sunny days， and my mother’s face ...However， these happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air.
I shouted，“Shut the door！”
“Hold on now， Perce.Don’t you go turning into another Tom，” came the reply.“We’ve caught another penguin， so it’s penguin soup tonight！”
Bless Frank Wild， the kindest man there is after our leader， Ernest Shackleton.How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees！
[13]Without Frank and Ernest， we’d all be dead by now. Their genuine concern for others， their perseverance ， and their resolve fill me with hope.
Perhaps there is a chance we will return home， after all.
[13]该句是含有Without介词短语的隐含虚拟语气句。
①expedition n.探险；远征；探险队
②endurance n.忍耐力；耐久力
endure v.忍耐，容忍
③of one’s day 在某人那个年代
④diary entry 日记摘录
⑤vigour n.精力；力量；活力
full of vigour 充满活力
vigorous adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的
⑥apply to do sth申请做某事
⑦turn sb down拒绝（某人）
⑧qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识（或技能、学历等）
be qualified to 能胜任
qualify v.使具有资格；取得资格
⑨enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的
be enthusiastic about 热衷于，对……充满热情
enthusiasm n.热情，热忱
⑩go along with 和……一起去
aboard adv.& prep.上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）
go aboard 上船；上飞机
cupboard n.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜
unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地
set off 出发，动身
assign vt.分派；布置；分配
assign sb to do sth 指派某人做某事
assignment n.（分派的）工作；任务
steward n.（轮船、飞机或火车上的）乘务员；服务员
stewardess n.（轮船、飞机或火车上的）女乘务员；女服务员
serve vt.（给某人）提供；端上；服务
envy n.& vt.羡慕；妒忌
out of envy出于妒忌
well and truly 确实地；准确地
crush vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎
n.拥挤的人群
sink vi.沉没；下沉；下降
vt.使下沉；使沉没
abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃
abandon doing sth放弃做某事
stove n.炉具；厨房灶具
blanket n.毯子
panic v.（使）惊慌
belongings n.[pl.] 财物；动产
personal belongings 私人物品
banjo n.班卓琴（乐器）
keep one’s spirits up 振奋某人的精神
go from bad to worse每况愈下；越来越糟
miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的
soon after 稍后，不久以后
voyage n.& vi.航海；航行
make a voyage 出海；航行
make it 成功做到
navy n.海军；海军部队
naval adj.海军的；军舰的
feel low 情绪不高
decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的
decently adv.正派地；高雅地
cosy adj.温馨的；舒适的
be interrupted by 被……打断
a rush of 一阵
hold on 坚持
turn into 变成；进入
selfish adj.自私的
good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的
genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
genuinely adv.真诚地；诚实地
perseverance n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求
resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决（问题或困难） n.决心；坚定的信念
resolution n.决议；解决；坚定
一次成功的失败
珀西·布莱克博罗于1914年加入欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士的“坚忍”号南极探险之旅。沙克尔顿是那个时代最负盛名的探险家之一，加入他的探险活动被视为极大的荣耀。以下是布莱克博罗的几篇日记摘录。
1914年10月31日
……好吧，一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到了这则有关南极探险的招募广告。
跟随伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士前往南极探险——这可是我梦寐以求的冒险之旅啊。而且，我万事俱备。我今年19岁，身体健康，精力充沛。然而，当我申请加入这次探险时，沙克尔顿却拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不具备资格。但是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷偷地爬上了他的“坚忍”号轮船，躲在一个小橱柜里。不幸的是，在我们出发三天后，我被发现了。沙克尔顿不想掉头，于是他给了我一份工作，但他要我答应他：“如果有人得被吃掉，那么你就是第一个！”他指派我担任服务员，我现在为28名船员供应一日三餐。
等我回来，当我告诉每个人我去过的那些神奇的地方，大家该会多羡慕我啊！
1915年11月21日
这趟旅程并不轻松。在我们靠近南极时，“坚忍”号卡在了冰里。冰把我们周围都冻住了，我们彻底被卡住了！我们眼睁睁看着轮船被冰挤毁。船沉了，我们的心也跟着下沉。
在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把大家召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品——小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、衣服和毛毯。这不是惊慌失措的时候。我们绝大部分的个人物品都被禁止携带，沙克尔顿自己则扔掉了他所有的黄金。然而，令我们惊讶的是，他允许赫西带上他的班卓琴。赫西经常会弹奏班卓琴，以振奋我们的精神。
现在，我们在冰层上扎营，一直在设法生存下来，但是，春天就要来了，冰层很快就会融化。
1916年5月20日
我们已苦苦挣扎多日，但是象岛上的情况越来越糟糕。现在，在这个悲惨之地的岩石海岸，我们挤在一艘小船下。我们来到此处之后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们，前往1，320公里之外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助——这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了，乘坐小船，肯定无法每个人都到达。如果沙克尔顿失败了，我们还有任何获救的希望吗？没有。全世界没有海军会停靠象岛，也没有其他人知道我们在这里。
我感到十分沮丧。天冷风大。岛上没有任何植物。有时我们能抓到一只海豹或企鹅来充饥。除此以外，没有任何食物。我试着去想让人开心的事情：美味的食物、暖和的干衣服、舒适的卧室、晴朗的天气，还有妈妈的脸庞……然而，这些快乐的回忆很快被突然涌进的一股冷空气打断。
我吼道：“把门关上！”
传来一声回答：“要坚持住啊，珀西。你可不要变成另一个汤姆。”“我们又抓到了一只企鹅，今晚有企鹅汤喝了！”
上天保佑弗兰克·怀尔德，他是除了我们的领队欧内斯特·沙克尔顿之外最和蔼可亲的人。我怎么可以变得像托马斯·奥德里斯那样自私和脾气暴躁呢！
要不是有弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们到现在早就没命了。他们对别人的真心关怀、他们的锲而不舍以及坚定的信念，让我充满希望。
毕竟，我们也许还有机会回家。
Ⅰ.词块默写
1. be considered a great honour 被认为是极大的荣耀
2. be fit and full of vigour 身体健康，精力充沛
3. apply to join the expedition 申请加入探险队
4. turn me down 拒绝我
5. be enthusiastic about the idea 对这个想法充满热情
6. assign me to be a steward 指派我担任服务员
7. be well and truly stuck 彻底被卡住
8. rescue our most essential supplies
抢救我们最需要的供给品
9. go from bad to worse 每况愈下；越来越糟
10. be interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air
被突然涌进的一股冷空气打断
Ⅱ.课文原句默写
1.加入他的探险活动被视为极大的荣耀。
It was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions.
2.一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到了这则有关南极探险的招募广告。
It so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
3.不幸的是，在我们出发三天后，我被发现了。
Unfortunately， three days after we set off I was discovered.
4.等我回来，当我告诉每个人我去过的那些神奇的地方，大家该会多羡慕我啊！
How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to！
5.我们已苦苦挣扎多日，但是象岛上的情况越来越糟糕。
We have been struggling for days， but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.
阅读理解
A
The next time you are tempted to order takeout or buy food and drinks on the go， you might want to hold off. The results of a major new study may be enough to startle you to adjust your consumption habits， as they reveal significant amounts of global plastic litter linked to takeout food products.
The study analyzed 12 million pieces of litter collected from oceans and rivers， shorelines， the sea floor， and open waters. Researchers found that 80% of items were plastic， and nearly half （44%） were related to takeout food and drinks — specifically， single-use bags， plastic bottles， food containers， and food wrappers. Other items included plastic caps and lids and disposable cutting tools. Lead study author Dr. Carmen Morales said， “I was shocked to find out that bags， bottles， food containers and cutting tools together with wrappers account for almost half of the human-made objects on a global scale.” Deserted fishing nets and ropes were another problem researchers noted， although more so in the open ocean， not along or near shorelines.
Based on their analysis， the researchers made three suggestions： First， replace takeout food and drink containers with materials that are more readily biodegradable； Second， introduce bans on avoidable plastics； Third， use deposit refund schemes to incentivize reusable products.
Until that day comes， however， it’s up to us as consumers to change the way we choose products in order to avoid unnecessary plastic packaging — and there is a better time to get started than now， as Plastic-Free July kicks off. If you have not yet heard of it， Plastic-Free July is an annual month-long challenge to reduce one’s use of single-use plastic and to discover alternatives to purchasing， consuming and transporting food （among other items）. Keeping this new study in mind， here are some practical suggestions for reducing takeout-related single-use plastics in one’s day-to-day life.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，外卖塑料包装成为一个大问题，然后给出了一些建议，呼吁我们立刻行动起来保护环境。
1.What does the underlined word “startle” in paragraph 1 probably mean？（ ）
A.Stop. B.Prohibit.
C.Stimulate. D.Promise.
解析：C 词义猜测题。根据第一段画线词所在句子可知，新的研究结果足以激发你去调整你的消费习惯。因此画线词意为“促进，激发，刺激”。
2.How do the researchers conduct the study？（ ）
A.By analyzing the data.
B.By performing experiments.
C.By doing questionnaires.
D.By comparing the impact.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，研究者们是通过分析数据来进行研究的。
3.What may be talked about in the following paragraph？（ ）
A.Ways to buy reusable products.
B.Things we should do properly.
C.Further study made by researchers.
D.The impact of Plastic-Free July.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可推知，接下来的内容应该是如何去做来减少与外卖相关的一次性塑料包装，也就是我们应该做的正确事情。
4.What may be the best title for the text？（ ）
A.Ordering Takeout Has Become a Trend
B.Abandoned Waste Does Harm to the Ocean
C.We Should Form Right Consumption Habits
D.Plastic Waste from Takeout Is a Big Problem
解析：D 标题归纳题。通读整篇文章可知，前两段讲述了外卖包装的一次性塑料包装给我们带来了很大的问题，后面两段提出了三项建议，呼吁我们马上行动起来，在我们的日常生活中减少与外卖相关的一次性塑料包装。因此D项（外卖产生的塑料垃圾是一个大问题）为本文最佳标题。
B
There’s nothing like having a best friend forever — that person who you can have fun with and talk to. July 30 is the International Day of Friendship. Maybe you can keep an eye out for a new friend to get to know. And while we’re talking about friends， don’t think humans are the only ones who know a thing or two about friendship. Check out these friendly animals in nature who help each other out.
An elephant and an olive baboon （东非狒狒） can be friends？ It sounds strange， but it’s true. You can find this pair of friends in the grasslands of Africa. This unusual pair helps each other out like any good friends would. The elephant uses its front teeth to make a waterhole in the sand， and it lets the olive baboon have a drink from this “well” when it gets thirsty. In return， the baboon tells the elephant when danger is near. It climbs up to the treetops and calls out so its friend knows that it’s time to move on.
In the sea world， the goby fish （虾虎鱼） and the shrimp （虾） are well-known for their friendship. While the shrimp provides a home for the goby fish， the goby fish provides a guidance service for the almost blind shrimp. You see， the goby has great eyesight and stays close to the shrimp. As the shrimp moves around， the shrimp feels the goby with its antenna （须） from time to time to make sure it’s still there. If the goby senses danger， it will return to the home and the shrimp will follow.
The langur monkey has a very good friendship with the chital deer （花鹿）. While the langur monkey eats in a tree， it drops leaves to the ground. This is good for the deer because sometimes there’s not much food. The deer will follow the monkey and eat whatever food is dropped. And in return， when the monkey comes down from the tree， the deer will put its foot down heavily to tell the monkey if it senses danger.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大自然中互相帮助的友好动物。
5.How can an elephant help an olive baboon？（ ）
A.By offering a shelter.
B.By digging a waterhole.
C.By guiding the way.
D.By warning it of danger.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的The elephant uses its front teeth ...thirsty.可知，大象通过挖个水坑，让狒狒喝水，以此来帮助东非狒狒。
6.What does a shrimp do when moving around in the sea？（ ）
A.It never swims far from its home.
B.It goes home from time to time.
C.It stays close to the goby fish.
D.It uses its antenna for directions.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二、三句可知，当虾在海里游动时，它紧紧靠近虾虎鱼。
7.What do the olive baboon and the chital deer have in common？（ ）
A.They have good eyesight.
B.They have a good sense of smell.
C.They warn their friends of danger.
D.They live together with their friends.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句和最后一段最后一句可知，东非狒狒和花鹿的共同点是，它们会警告它们的朋友有危险。
8.What would be the best title for the text？（ ）
A.Best Friends Forever
B.The International Day of Friendship
C.Love Me， Love My Dog
D.Friendships in the Animal World
解析：D 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的Check out these friendly animals in nature who help each other out.以及下文所讲述的三对动物之间的友谊可知，本文介绍了动物界的友谊。因此D项为本文最佳标题。
核心词汇集释
1.turn sb down 拒绝（某人）
教材原句 However， when I applied to join the expedition， Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified.
然而，当我申请加入这次探险时，沙克尔顿却拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不具备资格。
【用法】
turn to 求助于；翻到（书的某页）；转向 turn out 结果是；证明是 turn up 开大；出现；露面 turn into 转变成 turn over 翻过来；移交 turn one’s back on sb/sth 对某人/某事置之不理；背弃某人/某事
【佳句】 When I turned to him for help， he turned me down without hesitation， which made me very disappointed.当我向他求助时，他毫不犹豫地拒绝了我，这让我很失望。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The party turned out to be a great success.
②Please turn up the radio a bit. I can’t hear the news clearly.
③He turned his back on his old friends when he became rich.
【写美】 完成句子
④这对双胞胎在厨房里焦急地走来走去，这时爸爸出现了。
The twins were pacing up and down in the kitchen anxiously when Dad turned up .
2.qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识（或技能、学历等）
【用法】
（1）be qualified for sth 有资格获得某物 be qualified to do sth 有资格做某事 （2）qualify vt.& vi. （使）具备资格；（使）合格 qualify sb to do sth 使某人有资格做某事 （3）qualification n. 资格；资历；资格证书
【佳句】 As far as I am concerned，the clever and good-tempered young man is qualified to accept the job.
就我而言，这个聪明、脾气好的年轻人有资格接受这项工作。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She is well qualified for the job， so she may get the offer.
②He is qualified to teach （teach） English.
③His excellent performance qualified him to get （get） a promotion.
【写美】 完成句子
④他自学了多门课程后，终于获得了从事那份工作的资格。
After self-learning multiple courses， he finally obtained the qualification to do that job .
3.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的
教材原句 But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship， the Endurance， and hid in a small cupboard.
但是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷偷地爬上了他的“坚忍”号轮船，躲在一个小橱柜里。
【用法】
（1）be enthusiastic about 对……充满热情 （2）enthusiasm n. 热情；热心
【佳句】 ①You don’t seem very enthusiastic about the party — don’t you want to go tonight？
你似乎对聚会不太热心——你今晚不想去吗？
②One of the good things about teaching young children is their great enthusiasm.
教小孩子的好处之一就是他们有极大的热情。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She is enthusiastic about dancing， which makes her full of energy.
②His enthusiasm （enthusiastic） for study is so great that he always gets good grades.
【写美】 完成句子
③孩子们对去动物园的旅行充满热情。
The children are enthusiastic about the trip to the zoo .
4.envy n.& vt.羡慕；妒忌
教材原句 How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to！ 等我回来，当我告诉每个人我去过的那些神奇的地方，大家该会多羡慕我啊！
【用法】
（1）be the envy of 成为羡慕/妒忌的对象 green with envy 非常妒忌；非常眼红 （2）envy sb （doing） sth 羡慕/妒忌某人（做）某事 （3）envious adj. 羡慕的；忌妒的
【佳句】 I envied him being enthusiastic and full of energy and it seemed that he never felt exhausted.
我羡慕他的热情和精力充沛，他似乎从不感到疲惫。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She was green with envy when she saw her friend’s new car.
②I envy you having （have） such a wonderful family.
③She is always envious （envy） of others’ achievements.
【写美】 完成句子
④他的成功让他成了同学们羡慕的对象。
His success made him the envy of his classmates .
5.abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃n.放任；放纵
教材原句 Before we abandoned the ship， Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies — the small boats， our food， the cook stove， candles， clothes， and blankets.
在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把大家召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品——小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、衣服和毛毯。
【用法】
（1）abandon oneself to ... 沉溺于……，纵情于…… abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 （2）with abandon 放纵地，放任地 （3）abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的 be abandoned to （doing） 沉溺于……
【佳句】 After 20 lessons I finally abandoned my attempt to learn to drive.
上了20节课后，我终于放弃了学开车的念头。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①These abandoned （abandon）children have now got a future.
②They completely abandoned themselves （them） to pessimism and even despair.
③He had to abandon smoking （smoke） because of his health.
【写美】 完成句子
④当他们的足球队踢赢时，球迷们便疯狂地欢呼。
The fans cheered with abandon when their football team won.
重点句型解构
1.句型公式：as引导的状语从句
教材原句 Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica.在我们靠近南极时，“坚忍”号卡在了冰里。
【用法】
（1）as用作连词，可以引导时间状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句。 （2）as引导让步状语从句时，句子用部分倒装结构。
【品悟】 ①As the craftsman came into the classroom， we gave him a warm welcome and two boys helped him with the tool box.当那位工匠走进教室时，我们热烈欢迎，两个男孩帮他拿工具箱。
②Talented as he is， he is not yet ready to turn professional.虽然他很有天赋，但他还没有准备好成为职业运动员。
【写美】 完成句子
①当我在公园散步的时候，我遇到了一位老朋友。
As I was walking in the park ， I met an old friend.
②因为雨下得很大，所以我们决定待在家里。
As it was raining heavily ， we decided to stay at home.
③在实验中按照老师告诉你的去做。
Do as the teacher told you in the experiment.
④尽管他很年轻，但是他对历史了解很多。
Young as he is ， he knows a lot about history.
2.句型公式：too ...to ...太……而不能……
教材原句 Soon after we arrived， Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island， 1，320 kilometres away — the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.
我们来到此处之后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们，前往1，320公里之外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助——这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了，乘坐小船，肯定无法每个人都到达。
【用法】
（1）“too＋形容词/副词（for sb）＋to do sth”表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能……”。 （2）be only too glad/pleased to do sth 非常乐意做某事 （3）can’t/can never ...too ... 再怎么……也不过分
【品悟】 It was too difficult for me to pull my head out of the giant pumpkin.Hence， I was too eager to turn to my father for assistance.
对我来说，把我的头从巨大的南瓜中拔出来太难了。因此，我急于向父亲寻求帮助。
【写美】 完成句子
①这个手提箱对小女孩来说太重了，她自己提不动。
The suitcase is too heavy for the little girl to carry on her own.
②昨晚听到这个好消息后，他兴奋得难以入睡。
He was too excited to fall asleep last night after hearing the good news.
③在学校项目中，再怎么强调团队合作的重要性也不为过。
You can’t emphasize too much the importance of teamwork in school projects.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.When I saw a little girl crying there， my heart sank （下沉）.
2.As far as I’m concerned， the new roommate is honest and genuine （真诚的）.
3.When you get off the bus， do not forget to take your belongings （财物）.
4.It is natural that some young people are eager to join the expedition （探险）.
5.The guide was so enthusiastic （热情的） that she offered me some practical advice.
6.Some colleagues envied （羡慕） the lucky young man， but he didn’t care about it.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1.Playing computer games is harmful to your health.Don’t abandon yourself to this kind of pleasure （沉溺于这种享乐中）.
2.Many students are too nervous to fall asleep at night （太紧张了，夜里无法入睡） before the exam.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.We think this young man is not qualified （符合资格） to do this job.
2.I am enthusiastic （热情的） about the idea of going climbing next weekend.
3.The system will automatically assign （分配） an IP address to each device.
4.Little Tom and the sailors spent two months aboard （在船上）.
5.Here we offer thousands of quality blankets （毯子） to suit various tastes of our buyers.
6.When he bought her a drink， she gave him a genuine （真诚的）， sweet smile of thanks.
7.The report shows the Swiss are among the world’s top wage （工资） earners.
8.Outside， a bitter （严寒的） wind was accompanied by heavy snow.
9.The crew （机组人员） finally landed the plane on the wing on the runway.
10.Some countries envied （羡慕） us relying mainly on our own efforts in building our country.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.As far as I’m concerned，there is no evidence indicating that he is a qualified （qualify） tutor.
2.When I was competing， I would have a mixed program of strength and endurance （endure） training.
3.His friends were enthusiastic （enthusiasm） and encouraged him to publish his ideas.
4.Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment （assign） at the office of a popular English newspaper.
5.If you don’t have an aim，you will drift like an abandoned （abandon） ship at sea.
6.Please take fewer belongings （belong） next time as there is little room left in our car.
7.With faith and perseverance （persevere）， he finally overcame all the difficulties.
8.They made a resolution （resolve） to lose all the weight gained during the Christmas period.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1. She has turned down several invitations （她已经拒绝了几次邀请） to star in shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
2.Nowadays many young people dream of making a fortune （梦想发财） in big cities.
3.In many places，people like to set off firecrackers （放鞭炮） and put up spring couplets on the door.
4.I was thirty minutes late for the meeting because I was stuck in a traffic jam （我被困在交通堵塞中）.
5.Young people who are full of vigour （充满活力） are like the sun at eight or nine in the morning.
Ⅳ.一词多义/熟词生义
快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思
1.bitter
A.adj.苦的 B.adj.严寒的 C.adj.痛苦的 D.adj.愤愤不平的，怨愤的
①I’ve learnt from bitter experience not to trust what he says. C
②Love means a tree， whose fruit is sometimes sweet and sometimes bitter. A
③The north wind was bitter and deadly cold. B
④There is absolutely nothing to be gained by feeling bitter. D
快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加蓝词汇的意思
2.To my sadness， my son was abandoned to smoking and drinking. 沉溺于
3.She was sincere and genuine in her wish to make up for her former mistakes. 真诚的
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Amazing buildings
Krzywy Domek
（Crooked House） Sopot， Poland
Completed： 2004
Inspiration： Fairy tales
Size： About three-fourths the size of a football field
With its warped （弯曲的） walls and a roof that looks like green dragon scales （鳞片） Crooked House is popular with photographers. Inside， though， is a typical mall and office building. People can shop in the stores， eat in the restaurants， and get their hair cut in a salon. A favorite feature is the Wall of Fame， with signatures from Polish celebrities. It’s modeled after the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Cube Houses
Rotterdam， Netherlands
Completed： 1984
Inspiration： Trees in a forest
Size： About one-fourth the size of a basketball court
The 38 Cube Houses are a popular attraction， but they are also real houses that people live in！ Architect Piet Blom designed the homes based on the idea of “living as an urban roof”， with the housing above and the courtyards， shops， and even a museum below.
WonderWorks
Pigeon Forge， Tennessee
Completed： 2006
Inspiration： A laboratory in an Italian-style house. What if an experiment inside threw the building into the air and made it land upside down？
Size： About nine-tenths the size of a football field
This indoor amusement park is actually pretty normal. The upside-down features are just for show. Inside are more than 100 hands-on science exhibits and activities， including a hurricane-force wind tunnel， a zero-gravity astronaut-training ride， and a three-story ropes course.
Guangzhou Opera House
Guangzhou， China
Completed： 2010
Inspiration： Erosion of rocks and landscapes
Size： About 13 times the size of a football field
The Guangzhou Opera House was designed by Iraqi-born architect Zaha Hadid. She said she let natural places inspire her buildings， such as this opera house on the Pearl River. Though nature inspired the architect， she used 21st-century construction and design methods to make her design a reality.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上一些令人惊叹的建筑。
1.What is a feature of Krzywy Domek？（ ）
A.It is the same as the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
B.It shows the signatures of famous people.
C.It has dragon-themed paintings.
D.It is upside down.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据Krzywy Domek部分中的A favorite feature is the Wall of Fame ... modeled after the Hollywood Walk of Fame.可知，Krzywy Domek的特点是它展示了名人的签名。
2.What can visitors do at WonderWorks？（ ）
A.Enjoy a theater.
B.Get their hair cut.
C.Go shopping at a supermarket.
D.Experience science-focused activities.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据WonderWorks部分中的Inside are more than 100 hands-on science exhibits and activities ... a three-story ropes course.可知，游客在WonderWorks可以体验以科学为重点的活动。
3.What inspired the architect of the Guangzhou Opera House？（ ）
A.A laboratory. B.A fairy tale.
C.Nature. D.Music.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据Guangzhou Opera House部分可知，广州大剧院的建筑师受到了大自然的启发。
B
“Mom， I got into the University of Delaware！” I still remember how thrilled I was to be the first one in my family to have the opportunity to study abroad. I was so excited that I did a countdown every single day leading up to the move-in day at the university. However， just a few weeks after I got there， I found it very difficult to adapt to a different country， culture， and a strict curriculum.
I knew studying in a foreign university was going to be hard， but the first exam still shocked me — I got a 58%， the lowest in my life. Worse still， since my day-to-day experiences and interests were so different from the American students’， I was struggling to make friends. I felt like a complete loser and kept thinking maybe I should just give up. But then it occurred to me that I was not studying just for myself， but to live up to my family’s expectations.
Having made up my mind to push myself forward， I came up with a plan to make improvements. The plan was not only about study， but also about my eating and leisure time. I also planned weekly goals on how to make friends， such as “you will talk to someone at the dining hall， and you will not be scared！” Looking back， I find it was definitely embarrassing to plan my days like this， but I did it and made it. I was able to interact with others without looking like an outsider and even made some friends. I even began to teach others about my country， Panama. I told them about typical cultural differences between Panama and the US. It was really exciting to see them eager to learn more about my country.
Now I am a senior， confident， strong and smart. My freshman-year self is extremely proud of how far I have come. The coming graduation surely makes me sad， but I’m sure it’s not the ending， but the beginning of the many more goals I will accomplish.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者出国留学的经历，从最初的不适应，想要放弃到最后的自信并取得成就的过程。
4.How did the author feel after entering college？（ ）
A.Thrilled. B.Stressed.
C.Disappointed. D.Proud.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句和第二段可知，作者进入大学后遇到很多困难。由此推知，作者感到有压力的。
5.What stopped the author from giving up？（ ）
A.His interest in knowledge.
B.His longing for friends.
C.His sense of responsibility.
D.His desire for a degree.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，想到了不能辜负家人的期望，作者没有放弃在国外学习。由此可推知，责任感阻止作者放弃国外学习。
6.How did the author overcome the difficulties？（ ）
A.By turning to his parents.
B.By interacting with outsiders.
C.By carrying out an overall plan.
D.By engaging in leisure activities.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，作者通过实施一个全面的计划来克服困难。
7.Which of the following can best describe the author？（ ）
A.Proud and productive.
B.Sensitive and cautious.
C.Optimistic and warm-hearted.
D.Determined and self-motivated.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，作者通过制定计划并且坚定地执行下去，最后获得成功。由此可推断，作者是一个意志坚定并且有上进心的人。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
If you have ever kept a secret from a friend， a family member， or a romantic partner， chances are that these same people have kept secrets from you. Not all of them， and not at every moment， but some of them some of the time.
Usually， you rarely get asked about your secrets. When secrets are easy to hide， this doesn’t make them easy to live with. Normally， you share with others what you’re really thinking. But when you have fears and worries， you need to know that people react more positively to disclosures （透露的秘闻） than you often imagine. 8.（ ） But when you take the risk to do so， your friend will recognize your sincerity. If you are in a social interaction that makes you feel comfortable and open， you need to recognize the door is open to disclosure， too.
9.（ ） Just like the leaves that nobody hears falling， a disclosure with no listener is barely a disclosure at all. When you reveal secrets to others， you are often looking for help， and seeking out the people who prove most helpful. Speaking about a negative experience can have the side-effect of bringing back the negative emotions you associate it with. 10.（ ）
Another person can offer you two different kinds of help： emotional support and practical support. If you can find someone you feel comfortable opening up to， they are likely to give you one if not both kinds. 11.（ ） The harm of negative thinking is easier to break when we bring others in.
If you are currently keeping a secret from a friend， a family member， or a partner， then you probably have at least one more secret than you need to keep. 12.（ ） This is all the more reason to share what’s on your mind. When you open up to others， they will open up to you.
A.You are content with the secrets that you keep.
B.You could shout your secret in an empty forest.
C.This means it is time to talk to someone.
D.It might take courage to reveal something sensitive.
E.That’s why shouting your secret out is often not enough.
F.Having extra secrets is burdensome.
G.This increases the risk of spreading secrets.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了秘密在人际关系中的影响，以及适当披露秘密对个人心理健康和关系发展的积极作用。
8.D 根据上文可知，人们其实对所透露的秘密的反应更多的是积极的一面，所以不需要担忧；结合下文可知，冒险做的某事能让朋友看出你的真诚，D项讲述的内容与空后的内容为转折关系，且承接上文中提到的透露秘密这件事情，符合语境。
9.B 根据下文可知，空处讲述的内容就像是所做的事情没有听众一样，B项（你可以对着空旷的森林说出秘密）与空后所做的比喻吻合，符合语境。
10.E 根据上文可知，透露秘密其实是在寻求帮助，而且谈论消极的经历会产生副作用，结合空处所在的位置可知，空处应是对上文内容的总结，E项（那就是喊出你的秘密常常是不够的原因）承接上文，符合语境。
11.C 根据上文可知，如果能够找到一个能让你敞开心扉的人，他们会给你提供至少一种帮助。结合下文可知，空处应是起到承上启下的作用，C项中的This指代上文中提到的找到能让你敞开心扉的人，且下文是对此空的进一步解释说明，符合语境。
12.F 根据下文可知，空处应是让你分享心中想法的理由，F项讲述的内容为下文中This指代的内容，且与下文为因果关系，符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
Torbjorn Pedersen is a Danish traveler who recently finished a trip around the world. But this wasn’t just any trip. Mr Pedersen spent nearly 10 years 13 every country in the world.
As he began to plan his trip， he made a few 14 ： no flying， no visiting home， and spending at least 24 hours in every 15 . He hoped that he could 16 about $20 a day， and finish his trip in about four years.
It took him far longer. The first part of his trip was pretty easy. He 17 across Europe and North America， where his biggest 18 was not spending too much money. But as he 19 on to other parts of the world， things began to get much 20 . Mr Pedersen says he had many difficult experiences. He was once 21 at gunpoint and thought he might be killed. He also became 22 ill with malaria.
But he also had many good 23 . Mr Pedersen says that one reason he didn’t 24 was the help he got from people all over the world. “You might have to try 1，000 closed doors，” he says. “But there is always a（n） 25 door somewhere. Never， ever give up.”
On 26 July 2023， Mr Pedersen arrived back in Denmark after a 33-day boat ride. He was 26 by about 150 people， including friends and family members. Mr Pedersen says he plans to write a book and 27 what he learned in his travels around the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Torbjorn Pedersen的环球旅行。
13.A.checking B.visiting
C.recognizing D.contacting
解析：B 根据上文Torbjorn Pedersen is a Danish traveler who recently finished a trip around the world可知，Pedersen先生是一位旅行家，他花了将近10年的时间访问了世界上的每一个国家。
14.A.attempts B.guesses
C.wishes D.rules
解析：D 根据no flying， no visiting home， and spend at least 24 hours in every 15 可知，他制定了一些规则。
15.A.town B.city
C.country D.continent
解析：C 根据上文可知，他走遍世界上的每一个国家，因此他的规则是在每个国家至少呆24小时。
16.A.check out B.make up
C.apply for D.live on
解析：D 根据about $20 a day可知，他每天可以靠20美元左右来生活。
17.A.traveled B.cut
C.drove D.hiked
解析：A 根据上文Torbjorn Pedersen is a Danish traveler可知，他游历了欧洲和北美。
18.A.challenge B.awkwardness
C.responsibility D.honour
解析：A 根据was not spending too much money可知，他最大的挑战是不要花太多钱。
19.A.got B.moved
C.turned D.focused
解析：B 根据to other parts of the world可知，他移动到世界的其他地方。
20.A.sillier B.stranger
C.crazier D.harder
解析：D 根据下文Mr Pedersen says he had many difficult experiences.可知，他遇到很多困难，因此事情开始变得更加艰难。
21.A.reminded B.concerned
C.held D.attended
解析：C 根据at gunpoint and thought he might be killed可知，他被枪口顶着。
22.A.actually B.unavoidably
C.seriously D.obviously
解析：C 根据ill with malaria可知，他病得很严重。
23.A.experiences B.emotions
C.traditions D.proposals
解析：A 根据下句可知，他收到很多好心人的帮助，因此他也有很好的经历。
24.A.make out B.die out
C.refer to D.give up
解析：D 根据下文Never， ever give up.可知，这里是说他没有放弃的原因之一是他得到了全世界人民的帮助。
25.A.back B.open
C.big D.secret
解析：B 根据But可知，空处与closed相对，应是总有一扇敞开的门。
26.A.met B.blocked
C.waved D.observed
解析：A 根据上句可知，他旅行回来了，因此他的家人朋友去迎接他。
27.A.quote B.donate
C.preserve D.share
解析：D 根据what he learned in his travels around the world可知，他想要分享在旅行中学到的东西。
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