Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Pre-reading
Before reading the passage， answer the following question.
What are the characteristics of poems？
While-reading
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 A.Nursery rhymes.
Para.2 B.The purposes and features of poetry.
Para.3 C.The cinquain.
Para.4 D.List poems.
Para.5 E.Give it a try.
Para.6 F.Tang poems.
Para.7 G.The haiku poems.
2.What is the passage mainly about？（ ）
A.Various reasons for writing poems.
B.How to recite a poem.
C.Some simple forms of English poems.
D.How to learn a poem.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What kind of feeling is conveyed in Poem F？（ ）
A.Sorrow. B.Love.
C.Happiness. D.Loneliness.
2.Which poems often repeat the same words？（ ）
A.The list poems.
B.The cinquain.
C.The nursery rhymes.
D.The poems from the Tang Dynasty.
3.What is the cinquain according to the passage？（ ）
A.A form of poem with a pattern and a rhythm.
B.A form of poem made up of five lines.
C.A form of poem kids like to read.
D.A form of poem with 17 syllables.
4.What do we know about haiku？（ ）
A.It is a traditional form of English poetry.
B.It is made up of five lines.
C.It gives a vague picture of things.
D.It is not hard to write.
第三步：辨难句拆分解读
1.The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory， but they are easy to learn and recite.
句式分析：该句为but连接的并列句。第二个分句中含有be ＋形容词＋ to do结构，是主动形式表示 。
自主翻译：
2.List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.
句式分析：List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases为主句，which引导 从句。
自主翻译：
3.Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain， which is made up of five lines.
句式分析：该句为复合句。 是主句；that引导 从句，修饰 ；which引导 从句，修饰 。
自主翻译：
Post-reading
第一步：抒己见提升思维
Which poet in the Tang Dynasty do you like best？ Why？
第二步 课文语法填空
The distinctive features of poetry often include economical use of words， 1. （describe） and vivid language， integrated imagery， literary devices and 2. （arrange） of words， lines， rhymes， and rhythm.Some of the first poems 3. young child learns in English are nursery rhymes.The language of these rhymes is 4. the point but has a storyline.They rhyme， have a strong rhythm， and often repeat the same words.List poems have a flexible line length and 5. （repeat） phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.The cinquain 6. （make） up of five lines.You can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words.Haiku consists of 17 syllables.It has a format of three lines， 7. （contain） 5， 7， and 5 syllables 8. （respective）.It is easy to write and can give a clear picture and create a special feeling.English speakers also enjoy Tang poetry 9. has been translated into English.You have so many different forms of poetry 10. （choose） from.Give it a try！
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
There are various reasons [1]why people compose poetry.Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image in the reader’s mind.Others try to convey certain feelings① such as joy and sorrow②.The distinctive characteristics③ of poetry often include economical④ use of words， descriptive and vivid language⑤， integrated imagery⑥， literary⑦ devices such as similes⑧ and metaphors⑨， and arrangement of words， lines， rhymes⑩， and rhythm .Poets use many different forms of poetry [2]to express themselves .Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms.
[1]why引导定语从句，修饰先行词various reasons。
[2]动词不定式短语在句中作目的状语。
[3]Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes . They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs.The language of these rhymes， like Poem A， is to the point but has a storyline.[4]Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme， have a strong rhythm， and often repeat the same words. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory ， but they are easy to learn and recite .By playing with the words in nursery rhymes， children learn about language.
A
Hush， little baby， don’t say a word，
Papa’s gonna buy you a mockingbird .
If that mockingbird won’t sing，
Papa’s gonna buy you a diamond ring.
If that diamond ring turns to brass ，
Papa’s gonna buy you a looking glass.
If that looking-glass gets broke，
Papa’s gonna buy you a billy goat .
If that billy goat won’t pull ，
Papa’s gonna buy you a cart and bull .
[3]本句的主干是Some of the first poems are nursery rhymes；其中a young child learns in English是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词poems。
[4]句中 because引导原因状语从句，从句中有三个并列的谓语动词，分别是rhyme、have和repeat。
[5]One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”， which contains a list of things， people， ideas， or descriptions that develop a particular theme.[6]List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.Some rhyme （like B and C）， [7]while others do not.
B
Only One Mother
Hundreds of stars in the pretty sky，
Hundreds of shells on the shore together，
Hundreds of birds that go singing by，
Hundreds of lambs in the sunny weather.
Hundreds of dewdrops to greet the dawn ，
Hundreds of bees in the purple clover ，
Hundreds of butterflies on the lawn ，
But only one mother the wide world over.
George Cooper
C
LIFE
Life can be good，
Life can be bad，
Life is mostly cheerful ，
but sometimes sad
Life can be dreams，
Life can be great thoughts
Life can mean a person，
Sitting in court.
[5]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the “list poem”；that引导定语从句，修饰a list of things ...or descriptions。
[6]List poems have ...phrases是主句，which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a flexible line length and repeated phrases， which在从句中作主语。
[7]while用作并列连词，表示“而，然而”，用于对比两件事物。
[8]Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain ， which is made up of five lines.With these， you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words.Look at the example （D）.
D
Brother
Beautiful， athletic
Teasing ， shouting， laughing
Friend and enemy too
Mine
[8]本句的主干是Another simple form of poem is the cinquain； that引导定语从句，修饰先行词Another simple form of poem； which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the cinquain。
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry [9]that consists of 17 syllables .It has a format of three lines， [10]containing 5， 7， and 5 syllables respectively .It is not a traditional form of English poetry， but is very popular with English writers.[11]It is easy to write and， like the cinquain， can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words. The haiku poem （E） on the right is a translation from Japanese， [12]which shows a moment in the life of a delicat butterfly.
E
A fallen blosso
Is coming back to the branch.
Look， a butterfly！
[9]that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词a Japanese form of poetry。
[10]动词-ing短语作定语，修饰a format of three lines。
[11]It is easy to write中动词不定式to write是主动形式表示被动意义；using very few words是动词-ing短语作方式状语。
[12]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the haiku poem。
English speakers also enjoy poems from China， those from the Tang Dynasty in particula.A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English， such as this one （F）.
F
Where she await her husband
On and on the river flows.
Never looking back，
Transforme into stone.
Day by day upon the mountain top，
wind and rain revolv.
[13]Should the traveller return，
this stone would utte speech.
Wang Jian
[14]With so many different forms of poetry to choose from， you may eventuall want to write poems of your ow.Give it a try！
[13]本句是虚拟条件句，表示对将来不可能发生的事情的虚拟。主句用would do，从句用should do，从句中should提前构成倒装句。
[14]句首With引起的介词短语在句中作状语，动词不定式短语to choose from作后置定语。
①convey feelings 表达感情
②sorrow n.悲伤；悲痛；伤心事
vi.感到悲伤
③distinctive characteristic 显著特点
④economical adj.节约的；简练的
⑤vivid language生动的语言
⑥imagery n.形象的描述；意象；像
⑦literary adj.文学的；爱好文学的；有文学作品特征的
⑧simile n.明喻
⑨metaphor n.暗喻；隐喻
⑩rhyme n.押韵词；押韵的短诗vi.& vt.（使）押韵
rhythm n.节奏；韵律；规律
express oneself表达自己的想法
nursery adj.幼儿教育的
n.托儿所；保育室
nursery rhyme 童谣；儿歌
folk adj.民间的；民俗的；普通百姓的
folk songs 民歌；民谣
folk tales 民间故事
to the point 简明恰当；简洁中肯
make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚
contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
recite vt.背诵；吟诵；列举
mockingbird n.嘲鸫（美洲鸣禽，能模仿别种鸟的鸣叫）
diamond n.钻石；金刚石；菱形
turn to （使）变成；（使）转向
brass n.黄铜；黄铜制品；铜管乐器
billy goat 公山羊
pull vt.拉；拖
bull n.公牛
contain vt.包含；容纳；含有
a list of 一系列
description n.描写（文字）；形容
flexible adj.灵活的
repeated adj.重复的；反复发生的
pattern n.模式
lamb n.羔羊；小羊
dewdrop n.露珠；水珠
dawn n.黎明；开端；萌芽
at dawn 黎明时分
clover n.三叶草
butterfly n.蝴蝶
lawn n.草坪，草地
mostly adv.主要地；一般地；通常
cheerful adj.快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的
amateur n.业余爱好者
adj.业余的；业余爱好的
cinquain n.五行诗
be made up of 由……组成（构成）
mood n.情绪；心情；语气
athletic adj.运动的
tease vi.& vt.取笑（某人）；揶揄；逗弄
haiku n.俳句
consist of 由……组成
syllable n.音节
format n.格式；总体安排；（出版物的）版式vt.格式化
respectively adv.分别；各自；依次为
respective adj.分别的；各自的
delicate adj.精美的；精致的；脆弱的
blossom n.花朵；花簇
in particular 尤其；特别
await vt.等候；期待；将发生在
transform vt.使改观；使改变形态vt.改变；转变
transform ...into ...把……变成……
revolve vi.旋转；环绕；转动
utter vt.出声；说；讲
adj.完全的；十足的；彻底的
eventually adv.最后；终于
of one’s own 某人自己的
英文诗歌的几种简单形式 人们写诗的原因多种多样。有的诗歌讲述一个故事，有的在读者心中描绘出一个意象，还有的诗歌则试图传达特定的情感，如喜悦和悲伤。诗歌的显著特点通常包括：用词简洁；语言描述生动、形象；具备整合的意象；使用明喻和暗喻等文学手法；词、行、韵、节奏等编排有序。诗人们使用许多不同种类的诗歌来表达自己。现在，我们来看看几个较为简单的诗歌形式。 A 嘘嘘，小宝贝，别说话， 爸爸给你买只知更鸟， 知更鸟，不唱歌， 爸爸给你买枚钻石戒， 钻石戒，变黄铜， 爸爸给你买面小镜子， 小镜子，打碎了， 爸爸给你买只小山羊， 小山羊，不肯拉， 爸爸给你买架牛拉车。
一个孩童最初学会的一些英文诗歌就是童谣。它们大多是传统诗歌或民谣。这些童谣（如诗歌A）的语言简单明了，但带有故事情节。许多孩子喜欢童谣，因为它们押韵，节奏感强，而且往往重复一些字眼。这些童谣也许没有道理，甚至自相矛盾，但是很容易学习和背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏，儿童学习了语言。 “清单诗”是最简单的诗歌形式之一，它（一般）包含一份有关事物、人物、想法或描述性内容的清单，形成一个特定主题。清单诗的诗行长度灵活，重复出现的短语赋予诗歌某种模式和节奏。有些清单诗押韵（如诗歌B和诗歌C），有些则不押韵。 B 只有一个母亲 千百颗星星挂在美丽的天空， 千百颗贝壳遍布悠长的海岸， 千百只鸟儿鸣唱着飞过， 千百只小羊在阳光下漫步， 千百滴露珠迎接黎明， 千百只蜜蜂在紫苜蓿中嬉戏， 千百只蝴蝶在草地上起舞， 可只有一个母亲，在这茫茫的世界。 ——乔治·库珀 C 生活 生活可能美好， 生活可能悲伤， 生活常常充满欢乐， 但有时令人沮丧。 生活可能是幻梦一场， 生活可能是伟大理想， 生活也可能是一个人， 独坐在被告席上。 （对于）业余诗人（而言）容易创作的另一种简单诗歌形式是五行诗，它由五个诗行构成。通过这些诗行，你可以用短短几句话就传达出一幅动人的画面或某种心情。请看范例（诗歌D）。 俳句是日本的一种诗歌形式，由17个音节组成。其格式为三行，每行的音节分别是五个、七个和五个。俳句并非传统的英语诗歌形式，但在英国作家中却十分流行。俳句易于创作，而且与五行诗一样，寥寥数语即可展现一个清晰的画面，表达一种特殊情感。右侧的俳句（诗歌E）从日语翻译而来，展示了一只娇弱的蝴蝶生命中的一刻。 英语人士也喜欢中国诗歌，尤其是唐诗。有许多唐诗被翻译成英文，比如这一首诗（F）。 有这么多不同的诗歌形式可供选择，你可能最终想自己写几首诗。试一试吧！ D 兄弟 漂亮，爱运动 爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑 是我的朋友 也是我的敌人 E 一朵凋落的花 回到了枝头 看，是一只蝴蝶！ F 望夫处，江悠悠， 化为石，不回头。 山头日日风复雨， 行人归来石应语。 ——王建
Ⅰ.词块默写
1. 写诗
2. 描绘出一个意象
3. 传达特定的情感
4. 语言描述生动、形象
5. 传统诗歌或民谣
6. 简明恰当；简洁中肯
7. 节奏感强
8. 讲得通；有道理
9. 形成一个特定的主题
10. 自己写几首诗
Ⅱ.课文原句默写
1.人们写诗的原因多种多样。
2.诗人们使用许多不同种类的诗歌来表达自己。
3.这些童谣也许没有道理，甚至自相矛盾，但是很容易学习和背诵。
4.你可以用短短几句话就传达出一幅动人的画面或某种心情。
5.有这么多不同的诗歌形式可供选择，你可能最终想自己写几首诗。
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 5 Section Ⅰ （1）
核心词汇集释
1.to the point 简明恰当；简洁中肯
教材原句 The language of these rhymes， like Poem A， is to the point but has a storyline.
这些童谣（如诗歌A）的语言简单明了，但带有故事情节。
【用法】
off the point 跑题；离题
be on the point of doing sth ...when 正要做某事的时候，这时
There is no point （in） doing ... 做……是没意义的
【佳句】 There is no point in pushing them unless they are talented and they enjoy it.
除非他们很有才华而且自己喜欢，否则逼迫他们是没有意义的。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①His argument was completely the point — he kept talking about the weather instead of the project.
②I was the point of calling the police when the missing child was found.
【写美】 完成句子
③在商务邮件中，最好保持你的语言简洁中肯，以避免混淆。
In business emails， it’s best to to avoid confusion.
2.be made up of 由……组成（构成）
教材原句 Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain， which is made up of five lines.
（对于）业余诗人（而言）容易创作的另一种简单诗歌形式是五行诗，它由五个诗行构成。
【用法】
make up 编造；化妆；和好；组成；构成
make up for 弥补
make sure 确保
【佳句】 The coming-of-age ceremony is made up of two parts — some videos about the past events and some speeches to be delivered by some student representatives.
成人礼由两部分组成——一些关于过去事件的视频和一些学生代表发表的演讲。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The research team （make） up of three scientists and two engineers.
②He worked overtime to make up his absence.
【写美】 完成句子
③这个传统节日由两个主要活动组成——灯笼游行和烹饪比赛。
— a lantern parade and a cooking competition.
3.mood n.情绪；心情；语气
教材原句 With these， you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words.
通过这些诗行，你可以用短短几句话就传达出一幅动人的画面或某种心情。
【用法】
（1）in a good/bad mood 心情好/不好
有心情或兴
致做某事
（2）moody adj. 情绪多变的；脾气坏的
【佳句】 I was in such a bad mood that I finally broke down， sobbing into my palms.
我心情非常不好以至于我最终崩溃了，用手捂着脸呜咽起来。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①After hearing the bad news， she was a terrible mood all day.
②The director’s （mood） personality made the actors nervous during filming.
【写美】 完成句子
③她似乎心情不错，因为她脸上挂着灿烂的笑容。
It seemed as if because she was wearing a big smile on her face.
4.tease vi.& vt.取笑（某人）；揶揄；逗弄
教材原句 Teasing， shouting， laughing 爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑
【用法】
（1）tease sb about ... 取笑某人的……
（2）teaser n. 难以解决的问题
【佳句】 I hated being teased about my height when I was at school.
我上学时很讨厌别人拿我的身高开玩笑。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The math problem was a real （tease） — only two students solved it.
【写美】 完成句子
②孩子们取笑新同学的口音，但并无恶意。
The kids ， but they meant no harm.
5.respectively adv.分别；各自；依次为
教材原句 It has a format of three lines， containing 5， 7， and 5 syllables respectively.
其格式为三行，每行的音节分别是五个、七个和五个。
【用法】
（1）respective adj. 分别的；各自的
in their respective fields 在他们各自的领域
（2）respect n. 尊敬，尊重，敬重；（事物的）方面
vt. 尊敬，尊重，敬重；关于，涉及；遵守
【佳句】 They each excel in their respective fields.
他们在各自领域里都是出类拔萃的。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The teams returned to their （respect） countries after the competition.
【写美】 完成句子
②Alice和Bob在上次比赛中分别获得金牌和银牌。
Alice and Bob in the last competition.
6.comprehension n.理解力；领悟力；理解练习
【用法】
（1）beyond one’s comprehension 无法理解
reading comprehension 阅读理解
（2）comprehend vt. 理解
【佳句】 How anyone could be formed in such a way was beyond her comprehension.（外研选必三）
她难以理解一个人怎么能长得如此畸形。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The philosopher’s theories are so abstract that they often lie beyond （comprehend） to ordinary readers.
【写美】 完成句子
②她快速理解复杂理论的能力给面试小组留下了深刻印象。
impressed the interview panel.
重点句型解构
1.句型公式：why引导定语从句
教材原句 There are various reasons why people compose poetry.
人们写诗的原因多种多样。
【用法】
先行词是the reason时，定语从句的引导词需根据定语从句缺少的成分而定：
（1）如果缺少状语，用why或者for which；
（2）如果缺少主语，则用that/which；
（3）如果缺少宾语，则用that/which或者不填。
【品悟】 The reason why we hold this colourful activity is that we can exchange ideas about the cultural differences between New Zealand and China.我们举办这次丰富多彩活动的原因是我们能就新西兰和中国之间的文化差异交流看法。
【写美】 完成句子
①给评委们留下最深刻印象的原因是他解决这个问题的创新方法。
was his innovative approach to the problem.
②智能手机成瘾令心理学家担忧的原因是它对青少年大脑发育的影响。
is its impact on adolescents’ brain development.
2.句型公式：主语＋be＋形容词＋动词不定式
教材原句 The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory， but they are easy to learn and recite.
这些童谣也许没有道理，甚至自相矛盾，但是很容易学习和背诵。
【用法】
（1）动词不定式在该句型中用主动形式表示被动意义。
（2）常用于该句型的形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词，如hard、 difficult、 pleasant、 easy、 comfortable、 interesting等。
（3）动词不定式和主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，当动词不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，后面要加上适当的介词。
【品悟】 He is easy to get on with and he has good communication skills， so please take my recommendation into account. （推荐信）
他很容易相处，并且有很好的沟通技巧，所以请考虑我的推荐。
【写美】 完成句子
①山径难攀，但上方发光的洞口预示着答案。
， but the glowing cave mouth above promised answers. （户外探险）
②他的道歉很难让人接受，但他颤抖的声音让人无法拒绝。
， yet the trembling in his voice made it impossible to refuse. （冲突化解）
③这把办公椅坐8个小时也很舒适，尤其适合腰痛的人。
The office chair for 8 hours， especially suitable for people with back pain.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.When （黎明） came， his bedside lamp was still burning.
2.Staff and students from different clubs will stage （戏剧艺术） performances.
3.The （意象） is drawn from real life， which is lovely and vivid.
4.Stress and （节奏） are important when you are speaking English， as they make communication easier.
5.He likes pop music， while I am fond of （民间的） music but we still have something in common.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1. （他开会迟到的原因） was that he got stuck in a traffic jam.
2. （有许多困难的问题要解决）， I have to stay here for another week.
3.Some people like old-style poems， （而有些人喜欢现代诗）.
4.Jack studied in a village school， （这所乡村学校是以他祖父的名字命名的）.
5.The chair in the living room （坐上去很舒服）.
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 5 Section Ⅰ （2）
14 / 14Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Pre-reading
Before reading the passage， answer the following question.
What are the characteristics of poems？
Poems use rhythm， rhyme， and concise language to express intense emotions and vivid images.They often have a unique structure and can convey deep meanings in a few words.
While-reading
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 A.Nursery rhymes.
Para.2 B.The purposes and features of poetry.
Para.3 C.The cinquain.
Para.4 D.List poems.
Para.5 E.Give it a try.
Para.6 F.Tang poems.
Para.7 G.The haiku poems.
答案：Paras.1－7 BADCGFE
2.What is the passage mainly about？（ ）
A.Various reasons for writing poems.
B.How to recite a poem.
C.Some simple forms of English poems.
D.How to learn a poem.
答案：C
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What kind of feeling is conveyed in Poem F？（ ）
A.Sorrow. B.Love.
C.Happiness. D.Loneliness.
2.Which poems often repeat the same words？（ ）
A.The list poems.
B.The cinquain.
C.The nursery rhymes.
D.The poems from the Tang Dynasty.
3.What is the cinquain according to the passage？（ ）
A.A form of poem with a pattern and a rhythm.
B.A form of poem made up of five lines.
C.A form of poem kids like to read.
D.A form of poem with 17 syllables.
4.What do we know about haiku？（ ）
A.It is a traditional form of English poetry.
B.It is made up of five lines.
C.It gives a vague picture of things.
D.It is not hard to write.
答案：1－4 BCBD
第三步：辨难句拆分解读
1.The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory， but they are easy to learn and recite.
句式分析：该句为but连接的并列句。第二个分句中含有be ＋形容词＋ to do结构，是主动形式表示 被动意义 。
自主翻译： 这些童谣也许没有道理，甚至自相矛盾，但是很容易学习和背诵。
2.List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.
句式分析：List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases为主句，which引导 定语 从句。
自主翻译： 清单诗的诗行长度灵活，重复出现的短语赋予诗歌某种模式和节奏。
3.Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain， which is made up of five lines.
句式分析：该句为复合句。 Another simple form of poem is the cinquain 是主句；that引导 定语 从句，修饰 poem ；which引导 非限制性定语 从句，修饰 the cinquain 。
自主翻译： （对于）业余诗人（而言）容易创作的另一种简单诗歌形式是五行诗，它由五个诗行构成。
Post-reading
第一步：抒己见提升思维
Which poet in the Tang Dynasty do you like best？ Why？
Of all the poets in the Tang Dynasty， I like Li Bai best. Li Bai is widely regarded as one of the most famous poets in the Tang Dynasty. He is known for his romantic and imaginative style， vivid imagery， and his ability to express deep emotions. I appreciate his poems for their lyrical beauty and their ability to capture the essence of nature and human experience.
第二步 课文语法填空
The distinctive features of poetry often include economical use of words， 1. descriptive （describe） and vivid language， integrated imagery， literary devices and 2. arrangement （arrange） of words， lines， rhymes， and rhythm.Some of the first poems 3. a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes.The language of these rhymes is 4. to the point but has a storyline.They rhyme， have a strong rhythm， and often repeat the same words.List poems have a flexible line length and 5. repeated （repeat） phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.The cinquain 6. is made （make） up of five lines.You can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words.Haiku consists of 17 syllables.It has a format of three lines， 7. containing （contain） 5， 7， and 5 syllables 8. respectively （respective）.It is easy to write and can give a clear picture and create a special feeling.English speakers also enjoy Tang poetry 9. which has been translated into English.You have so many different forms of poetry 10. to choose （choose） from.Give it a try！
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
There are various reasons [1]why people compose poetry.Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image in the reader’s mind.Others try to convey certain feelings① such as joy and sorrow②.The distinctive characteristics③ of poetry often include economical④ use of words， descriptive and vivid language⑤， integrated imagery⑥， literary⑦ devices such as similes⑧ and metaphors⑨， and arrangement of words， lines， rhymes⑩， and rhythm .Poets use many different forms of poetry [2]to express themselves .Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms.
[1]why引导定语从句，修饰先行词various reasons。
[2]动词不定式短语在句中作目的状语。
[3]Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes . They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs.The language of these rhymes， like Poem A， is to the point but has a storyline.[4]Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme， have a strong rhythm， and often repeat the same words. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory ， but they are easy to learn and recite .By playing with the words in nursery rhymes， children learn about language.
A
Hush， little baby， don’t say a word，
Papa’s gonna buy you a mockingbird .
If that mockingbird won’t sing，
Papa’s gonna buy you a diamond ring.
If that diamond ring turns to brass ，
Papa’s gonna buy you a looking glass.
If that looking-glass gets broke，
Papa’s gonna buy you a billy goat .
If that billy goat won’t pull ，
Papa’s gonna buy you a cart and bull .
[3]本句的主干是Some of the first poems are nursery rhymes；其中a young child learns in English是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词poems。
[4]句中 because引导原因状语从句，从句中有三个并列的谓语动词，分别是rhyme、have和repeat。
[5]One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”， which contains a list of things， people， ideas， or descriptions that develop a particular theme.[6]List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.Some rhyme （like B and C）， [7]while others do not.
B
Only One Mother
Hundreds of stars in the pretty sky，
Hundreds of shells on the shore together，
Hundreds of birds that go singing by，
Hundreds of lambs in the sunny weather.
Hundreds of dewdrops to greet the dawn ，
Hundreds of bees in the purple clover ，
Hundreds of butterflies on the lawn ，
But only one mother the wide world over.
George Cooper
C
LIFE
Life can be good，
Life can be bad，
Life is mostly cheerful ，
but sometimes sad
Life can be dreams，
Life can be great thoughts
Life can mean a person，
Sitting in court.
[5]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the “list poem”；that引导定语从句，修饰a list of things ...or descriptions。
[6]List poems have ...phrases是主句，which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a flexible line length and repeated phrases， which在从句中作主语。
[7]while用作并列连词，表示“而，然而”，用于对比两件事物。
[8]Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain ， which is made up of five lines.With these， you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words.Look at the example （D）.
D
Brother
Beautiful， athletic
Teasing ， shouting， laughing
Friend and enemy too
Mine
[8]本句的主干是Another simple form of poem is the cinquain； that引导定语从句，修饰先行词Another simple form of poem； which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the cinquain。
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry [9]that consists of 17 syllables .It has a format of three lines， [10]containing 5， 7， and 5 syllables respectively .It is not a traditional form of English poetry， but is very popular with English writers.[11]It is easy to write and， like the cinquain， can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words. The haiku poem （E） on the right is a translation from Japanese， [12]which shows a moment in the life of a delicat butterfly.
E
A fallen blosso
Is coming back to the branch.
Look， a butterfly！
[9]that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词a Japanese form of poetry。
[10]动词-ing短语作定语，修饰a format of three lines。
[11]It is easy to write中动词不定式to write是主动形式表示被动意义；using very few words是动词-ing短语作方式状语。
[12]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the haiku poem。
English speakers also enjoy poems from China， those from the Tang Dynasty in particula.A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English， such as this one （F）.
F
Where she await her husband
On and on the river flows.
Never looking back，
Transforme into stone.
Day by day upon the mountain top，
wind and rain revolv.
[13]Should the traveller return，
this stone would utte speech.
Wang Jian
[14]With so many different forms of poetry to choose from， you may eventuall want to write poems of your ow.Give it a try！
[13]本句是虚拟条件句，表示对将来不可能发生的事情的虚拟。主句用would do，从句用should do，从句中should提前构成倒装句。
[14]句首With引起的介词短语在句中作状语，动词不定式短语to choose from作后置定语。
①convey feelings 表达感情
②sorrow n.悲伤；悲痛；伤心事
vi.感到悲伤
③distinctive characteristic 显著特点
④economical adj.节约的；简练的
⑤vivid language生动的语言
⑥imagery n.形象的描述；意象；像
⑦literary adj.文学的；爱好文学的；有文学作品特征的
⑧simile n.明喻
⑨metaphor n.暗喻；隐喻
⑩rhyme n.押韵词；押韵的短诗vi.& vt.（使）押韵
rhythm n.节奏；韵律；规律
express oneself表达自己的想法
nursery adj.幼儿教育的
n.托儿所；保育室
nursery rhyme 童谣；儿歌
folk adj.民间的；民俗的；普通百姓的
folk songs 民歌；民谣
folk tales 民间故事
to the point 简明恰当；简洁中肯
make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚
contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
recite vt.背诵；吟诵；列举
mockingbird n.嘲鸫（美洲鸣禽，能模仿别种鸟的鸣叫）
diamond n.钻石；金刚石；菱形
turn to （使）变成；（使）转向
brass n.黄铜；黄铜制品；铜管乐器
billy goat 公山羊
pull vt.拉；拖
bull n.公牛
contain vt.包含；容纳；含有
a list of 一系列
description n.描写（文字）；形容
flexible adj.灵活的
repeated adj.重复的；反复发生的
pattern n.模式
lamb n.羔羊；小羊
dewdrop n.露珠；水珠
dawn n.黎明；开端；萌芽
at dawn 黎明时分
clover n.三叶草
butterfly n.蝴蝶
lawn n.草坪，草地
mostly adv.主要地；一般地；通常
cheerful adj.快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的
amateur n.业余爱好者
adj.业余的；业余爱好的
cinquain n.五行诗
be made up of 由……组成（构成）
mood n.情绪；心情；语气
athletic adj.运动的
tease vi.& vt.取笑（某人）；揶揄；逗弄
haiku n.俳句
consist of 由……组成
syllable n.音节
format n.格式；总体安排；（出版物的）版式vt.格式化
respectively adv.分别；各自；依次为
respective adj.分别的；各自的
delicate adj.精美的；精致的；脆弱的
blossom n.花朵；花簇
in particular 尤其；特别
await vt.等候；期待；将发生在
transform vt.使改观；使改变形态vt.改变；转变
transform ...into ...把……变成……
revolve vi.旋转；环绕；转动
utter vt.出声；说；讲
adj.完全的；十足的；彻底的
eventually adv.最后；终于
of one’s own 某人自己的
参考译文
英文诗歌的几种简单形式
人们写诗的原因多种多样。有的诗歌讲述一个故事，有的在读者心中描绘出一个意象，还有的诗歌则试图传达特定的情感，如喜悦和悲伤。诗歌的显著特点通常包括：用词简洁；语言描述生动、形象；具备整合的意象；使用明喻和暗喻等文学手法；词、行、韵、节奏等编排有序。诗人们使用许多不同种类的诗歌来表达自己。现在，我们来看看几个较为简单的诗歌形式。
一个孩童最初学会的一些英文诗歌就是童谣。它们大多是传统诗歌或民谣。这些童谣（如诗歌A）的语言简单明了，但带有故事情节。许多孩子喜欢童谣，因为它们押韵，节奏感强，而且往往重复一些字眼。这些童谣也许没有道理，甚至自相矛盾，但是很容易学习和背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏，儿童学习了语言。
A
嘘嘘，小宝贝，别说话，
爸爸给你买只知更鸟，
知更鸟，不唱歌，
爸爸给你买枚钻石戒，
钻石戒，变黄铜，
爸爸给你买面小镜子，
小镜子，打碎了，
爸爸给你买只小山羊，
小山羊，不肯拉，
爸爸给你买架牛拉车。
B
只有一个母亲
千百颗星星挂在美丽的天空，
千百颗贝壳遍布悠长的海岸，
千百只鸟儿鸣唱着飞过，
千百只小羊在阳光下漫步，
千百滴露珠迎接黎明，
千百只蜜蜂在紫苜蓿中嬉戏，
千百只蝴蝶在草地上起舞，
可只有一个母亲，在这茫茫的世界。
——乔治·库珀
“清单诗”是最简单的诗歌形式之一，它（一般）包含一份有关事物、人物、想法或描述性内容的清单，形成一个特定主题。清单诗的诗行长度灵活，重复出现的短语赋予诗歌某种模式和节奏。有些清单诗押韵（如诗歌B和诗歌C），有些则不押韵。
C
生活
生活可能美好，
生活可能悲伤，
生活常常充满欢乐，
但有时令人沮丧。
生活可能是幻梦一场，
生活可能是伟大理想，
生活也可能是一个人，
独坐在被告席上。
（对于）业余诗人（而言）容易创作的另一种简单诗歌形式是五行诗，它由五个诗行构成。通过这些诗行，你可以用短短几句话就传达出一幅动人的画面或某种心情。请看范例（诗歌D）。
俳句是日本的一种诗歌形式，由17个音节组成。其格式为三行，每行的音节分别是五个、七个和五个。俳句并非传统的英语诗歌形式，但在英国作家中却十分流行。俳句易于创作，而且与五行诗一样，寥寥数语即可展现一个清晰的画面，表达一种特殊情感。右侧的俳句（诗歌E）从日语翻译而来，展示了一只娇弱的蝴蝶生命中的一刻。
英语人士也喜欢中国诗歌，尤其是唐诗。有许多唐诗被翻译成英文，比如这一首诗（F）。
有这么多不同的诗歌形式可供选择，你可能最终想自己写几首诗。试一试吧！
D
兄弟
漂亮，爱运动
爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑
是我的朋友
也是我的敌人
E
一朵凋落的花
回到了枝头
看，是一只蝴蝶！
F
望夫处，江悠悠，
化为石，不回头。
山头日日风复雨，
行人归来石应语。
——王建
Ⅰ.词块默写
1. compose poetry 写诗
2. describe a certain image 描绘出一个意象
3. convey certain feelings 传达特定的情感
4. descriptive and vivid language 语言描述生动、形象
5. the traditional poems or folk songs 传统诗歌或民谣
6. to the point 简明恰当；简洁中肯
7. have a strong rhythm 节奏感强
8. make sense 讲得通；有道理
9. develop a particular theme 形成一个特定的主题
10. write poems of your own 自己写几首诗
Ⅱ.课文原句默写
1.人们写诗的原因多种多样。
There are various reasons why people compose poetry.
2.诗人们使用许多不同种类的诗歌来表达自己。
Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves.
3.这些童谣也许没有道理，甚至自相矛盾，但是很容易学习和背诵。
The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory， but they are easy to learn and recite.
4.你可以用短短几句话就传达出一幅动人的画面或某种心情。
You can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words.
5.有这么多不同的诗歌形式可供选择，你可能最终想自己写几首诗。
With so many different forms of poetry to choose from， you may eventually want to write poems of your own.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Ololo Farm Tour
If you’re looking to escape from the noise of city life， the Ololo farm tour package in Kenya will offer the perfect day for families and groups.
Discover the secret of our farming practices， see firsthand how our fresh produce is grown and harvested daily， and gain insight into the journey from field to fork.You will also enjoy visiting our greenhouses， where you can identify various herbs， vegetables， and seasonal fruits.
Ololo features its environmentally-friendly farming techniques， including the production of our organic fertilizer “Ololo Worm Tea”.100% of kitchen and food waste is either fed to the Ololo chickens or for fertilizer use in the farm.We are passionate about farming in balance with nature and regenerating the environment in which we are able to grow the most nutritious food， from our farm to your table！
At Ololo， we prepare set menus for the day based on what is fresh and seasonal in our farm.All chicken and duck meat is grown at Ololo， as well as our fresh flavoured eggs.A day visit includes a 2-course lunch， a guided walk on the farm， and use of the pool.
Opening Hours
Making reservations in advance is a must.There are two options daily every Monday to Saturday： morning tour then lunch or lunch then afternoon tour.
Price
Kids under 5 $11/ person
Kids aged 5－16 $19/ person
People aged 16＋ $30/ person
Contact as now
Email：info@
Phone：＋254 708844818
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了Ololo农场的旅游套餐信息。
1.What can visitors do on the Ololo farm？（ ）
A.Help with the field work.
B.Learn about farming practices.
C.Grow vegetables and fruits.
D.Harvest herbs in the greenhouse.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，游客可以在Ololo农场了解耕作方法。
2.What is special about the Ololo farm？（ ）
A.It requires no booking.
B.It offers a farm-to-table cooking class.
C.It uses natural fertilizers.
D.It serves meals with imported produce.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，Ololo农场的特别之处在于它使用天然肥料。
3.How much will a couple with a child aged 13 pay for the tour？（ ）
A.$49. B.$60.
C.$79. D.$90.
解析：C 数字计算题。根据Price部分可知，16岁以上的人每人30美元，5－16岁的孩子每人19美元。因此，一对夫妇和一个13岁的孩子共需支付79美元。
B
Decades ago， my friend Caetlin received a peculiar assignment from the poet Robert L.Hass， who was then her undergraduate literature professor.He instructed each student to memorize three poems from The Norton Anthology of American Literature not for any urgent academic reason but to prepare them for their unavoidable future solitude， claiming that you’re going to be alone， and poetry is going to be all you have.
The act of memorizing a poem seemed curiously old-fashioned in an era when few of us encounter poetry at all.I mostly devoted myself to prose （散文）.It was only in my 40s that I began to change my ways.It happened on a flight to Seattle.For hours， I read nothing else but a poem， sometimes going through， sometimes repeating over and over.At the end of my flight， I had all 40 lines in my head.Memorizing a great poem always begins as a crime.The boredom of repetition reduces the great charm it has.But as you keep trying， the lines finally come together again， and the scattered text transforms back into a treasure， often a more valuable one than it was before.
In other words， poetry perpetuates itself by becoming a part of those who read it.It can do so only because it is so specific， so entirely different， that taking it in expands our own sense of what we are.
Some of the poems I’ve memorized are already fading， and that’s fine.I know if I spend a little time with them， they’ll sing in me again.Others keep thumping （重击） in me like a new pulse.I won’t promise you that memorizing poetry will make your life better， but it will make you more： more in touch with language， with other minds， maybe with what you might yet become.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了教授让学生为未来可能的孤独背诵诗歌，作者分享自己背诗的经历，探讨了背诵诗歌的意义。
4.What did professor Robert assign his students to do？（ ）
A.Appreciate literature works.
B.Write poems to avoid future solitude.
C.Recite poems for potential loneliness.
D.Memorize poems for academic reasons.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，罗伯特教授让学生为未来可能的孤独背诵诗歌。
5.Why does the author say memorizing a poem begins as a crime？（ ）
A.Repetition makes poems boring.
B.It’s a way to kill time on the plane.
C.The author preferred prose to poetry.
D.People hardly encountered poetry then.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的The boredom of repetition ... it has.可知，作者说背诵诗歌始于一种罪过是因为重复让诗歌变得无聊。
6.What does the underlined word “perpetuates” in paragraph 3 mean？（ ）
A.Make something famous.
B.Keep something alive.
C.Make something beautiful.
D.Keep something special.
解析：B 词义猜测题。In other words说明画线词所在句是对上文意思的再解读。上文告诉我们，在不断重复的过程中，无聊的诗歌又重新变成了一件珍宝，比以前更有价值，换句话说，说明诗歌通过被背诵而成为读者的一部分，进而价值得以延续。由此推知，画线词perpetuates指“使……延续、使……存活”，与Keep something alive.同义。
7.How does the author understand memorizing poetry？（ ）
A.It makes our lives better.
B.It leads to the pursuit of dream.
C.It expands our lives properly.
D.It enriches our memories definitely.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可推知，作者认为背诵诗歌能让生活更丰富，能适当地拓展我们的生活。
C
Who among us hasn’t weighed up the value of attending an event that required a long commute （通勤）， or found themselves in a bad mood due to being stuck in traffic？ But while it’s obvious that some activities will bring us joy and others only frustration， translating this understanding into data that can help guide policy decisions has historically proved difficult.
It’s what Dr.Christian Krekel and Dr.George MacKerron have been exploring.They propose a new method for estimating the Value of Time （VOT） and calculate （计算）， for the first time， VOTs for a wide range of common activities such as walking， commuting and socialising.Through an app called Mappiness， they can ask people about their happiness randomly throughout the day and record how they are actually feeling in that moment while doing something or being somewhere.With data from over 30，000 people around the UK， the researchers were able to identify how people felt when carrying out 42 daily activities and calculate a monetary （货币的） value for each activity.
Interestingly，“waiting or queuing” was found to have a strong and significant negative impact on happiness， ranking as the third least enjoyable activity.The VOT shows that spending 60 minutes waiting is found to be worth ￡12.20 per hour， commuting ￡8.40 per hour， and waiting during commuting， a huge ￡17.20 per hour.These high costs suggest that respondents would be better off spending their time doing something else.Or， as Dr.Krekel says， “Someone who is waiting for 60 minutes would need to be paid ￡12.20 to achieve the same level of happiness if they were not waiting.”
This new method of calculating VOT allows researchers to measure the benefits of funding time-saving facilities， helping policymakers to make informed decisions over where best to spend money.By showing how impactful waiting and commuting are on the population， the research makes a strong case for funding projects that would reduce the time people spend doing these activities and promote the wellbeing of all who stand to benefit.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员通过应用程序收集数据算出多种日常活动的时间价值，发现等待或排队对幸福感有负面影响，该方法能助力政策制定者的相关决策。
8.Why does the author mention two situations in paragraph 1？（ ）
A.To present a fact.
B.To introduce the topic.
C.To explain the issue.
D.To compare the differences.
解析：B 推理判断题。文章第一段先提到这两种日常生活中常见的与时间利用和感受相关的场景，再指出将人们对不同活动的感受转化为数据，进而指导政策决策很困难。由此推知，作者提到这两种情况是为了引出文章的主题。
9.The researchers estimated the VOTs through .（ ）
A.random surveys
B.calculated case studies
C.on-site observations
D.face-to-face interviews
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句可知，研究人员通过随机调查估算了时间价值。
10.Which of the following might have the highest VOT according to the research？（ ）
A.Commuting to school on a bus for thirty minutes.
B.Waiting for a coffee for nearly one hour at a café.
C.Spending two hours shopping with a friend at a mall.
D.Being stuck in traffic for an hour on the way to work.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，在上班路上堵车一小时属于通勤期间的等待，其时间价值最高。
11.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about？（ ）
A.The appeal for future studies.
B.The challenges of the project.
C.The application of the research.
D.The improvement of the method.
解析：C 段落大意题。最后一段围绕该研究在实际决策和项目资金支持方面的应用展开，即介绍了研究成果在现实中的应用。
D
A new study suggests people might like chatbot-produced poems for their simple and straightforward images， emotions and themes.
In a recent experiment， the researchers tasked OpenAI’s ChatGPT with generating poems in the styles of famous poets， then presented 1，634 participants with ten poems — five human-written and five chatbot-generated — and assessed how people rated the poems based on 14 qualities， including rhythm and originality.Interestingly， they tended to rate the AI-generated poems higher on average， suggesting a preference for their straightforwardness and clarity.
Why readers seem to prefer AI-generated poetry is not entirely clear， but the researchers’ best guess is that the AI poems may be more appealing because they are relatively straightforward and simple to comprehend.“Emily Dickinson sometimes breaks the expected rhyme scheme （韵律） on purpose，” says Brian Porter， a researcher at the University of Pittsburgh. “But the AI-generated poems in her style never did that once.” Besides， modern readers don’t seem to want to bother themselves to read deep to think critically.Instead， they prefer texts giving them instant answers.“When readers say they prefer AI poetry， they would seem to be showing their frustration when faced with writing that does not yield to their attention，” he adds.
While the findings raise concerns about AI potentially replacing human artists and putting them out of work one day， Dorothea Lasky， the only living poet whose writings were included in the experiments， says it’s not necessarily a bad thing that readers enjoyed the AI-generated poems.“Poetry will always be necessary，” says Lasky. “If they read AI poems and like that poem better than a human-generated poem， then that， to me， is beautiful.They have a good experience with a poem， and I don’t care who wrote it.I feel there is room for all poets — even robot poets.”
This study provided a platform for the intersection of technology and creativity， prompting reflection on the future of poetry and artistic expression.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明，人们可能会喜欢聊天机器人制作的诗歌，因为他们简单明了的图像、情感和主题。
12.Why did the researchers conduct the experiment？（ ）
A.To create a technique.
B.To clarify a concept.
C.To detail an example.
D.To confirm a finding.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可推知，研究人员进行这项实验的目的是确认一个发现——人们可能会喜欢聊天机器人制作的诗歌。
13.What does the example of Emily Dickinson imply？（ ）
A.Robots are more complicated than humans.
B.AI meets modern readers’ reading preference.
C.Chatbot is trained to write in creative patterns.
D.Classic poetry lacks unique charming features.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推知，Emily Dickinson的例子暗示了人工智能满足现代读者的阅读偏好——人们喜欢简单明了的内容。
14.Which belief does Dorothea Lasky have about poetry？（ ）
A.All flowers bloom together.
B.No dish suits all tastes.
C.It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
D.Time and tide wait for no man.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Dorothea Lasky所说的话可知，无论是机器人还是人写诗，只要写出好的诗歌便是好的。由此可推知，他认为诗歌写作应该是百花齐放。
15.What can be a suitable title for the text？（ ）
A.Will Poets Be Lost in AI Era？
B.ChatGPT： a New Advancement
C.Fake or Real — a Concern about AI
D.ChatGPT or Dickinson， Who Is Better？
解析：D 标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究：人们可能会喜欢聊天机器人制作的诗歌，因为他们简单明了的图像、情感和主题。因此D项（ChatGPT或Dickinson，谁更好？）适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
There tend to be two types of teachers when it comes to poetry： Ones who love it and bring it into the classroom freely and often.Then， others stay clear.16.（ ） If the love is not there yet， I challenge you to try it！ Here are several reasons to teach poetry in the classroom.
Build Reading， Speaking & Listening Skills
Why teach poetry？ Children need to learn to read various texts， and poems are one of those forms.The unique thing about poetry is that we often read aloud， repeat often， and share in groups.When children listen to poems orally， they are building their listening skills.17.（ ） When sharing poems in a classroom， look at them and read them together.Children strengthen their reading skills and build reading fluency through repeated reading.
Inspire Poetry Writing
Teach how poems are constructed and the words they contain.It is the first step to writing.18.（ ） We learn how to choose the right words to create imagery and effect.The simple patterns found in some poems are fun to follow and great places for children to start learning to write.
19.（ ）
Poetry is a form of expression.Writing lets us express our feelings and thoughts on a subject， while reading encourages us to connect and find meaning in our experiences.Poetry can have a positive impact on children’s social and emotional learning.It may offer them a new way of thinking about something.
Build a Love for Reading
Expose children to various styles and types of text as they learn to read.As teachers， we want them to love the act of reading and what they read as they learn.Reading can be hard work， and the books children learn first often lack that unique ingredient.Poetry is different.20.（ ） Poems provide enjoyment and laughter.They are engaging and fun to read！
A.Encourage Creative Thinking
B.Explore Language and Vocabulary
C.Poetry offers a memorable and motivational way to teach.
D.It has that special sauce that children long for and so much more！
E.Poetry teaches us how to combine words to form meaning and context.
F.They learn to attend to the words they hear and think about what they mean together.
G.This may be because they don’t think it fits with the curriculum and what they are teaching.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了教授诗歌的原因和意义。
16.G 根据上文可知，下文要讲回避的原因。G项（这可能是因为他们认为这不符合课程和他们所教的内容）符合语境。
17.F 根据上文可知，本段介绍读诗歌的过程以及听诗歌的益处。F项（他们学会关注他们听到的单词，并思考它们连在一起的意思）符合语境，描述孩子们听到诗歌的场景，进一步说明听诗歌的好处。
18.E 上文介绍写诗的第一步是词语与结构，下文介绍如何选择合适的词创建场景和效果。E项（诗歌教会我们如何将字词组合起来，形成意义和语境）承上启下，符合语境。
19.A 根据下文可知，本段主要介绍诗歌是一种情感思想的表达方式，它可以提供一种新的思考方式。A项（鼓励创造性思维）与段落中心相符，文章关键词thinking about something与A项中的Creative Thinking一致。
20.D 根据下文可知，诗歌提供快乐和笑声，D项（它有孩子们渴望的特殊酱汁，还有更多！）与下文意义相同，符合语境。
核心词汇集释
1.to the point 简明恰当；简洁中肯
教材原句 The language of these rhymes， like Poem A， is to the point but has a storyline.
这些童谣（如诗歌A）的语言简单明了，但带有故事情节。
【用法】
off the point 跑题；离题 be on the point of doing sth ...when 正要做某事的时候，这时 There is no point （in） doing ... 做……是没意义的
【佳句】 There is no point in pushing them unless they are talented and they enjoy it.
除非他们很有才华而且自己喜欢，否则逼迫他们是没有意义的。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①His argument was completely off the point — he kept talking about the weather instead of the project.
②I was on the point of calling the police when the missing child was found.
【写美】 完成句子
③在商务邮件中，最好保持你的语言简洁中肯，以避免混淆。
In business emails， it’s best to keep your language to the point to avoid confusion.
2.be made up of 由……组成（构成）
教材原句 Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain， which is made up of five lines.
（对于）业余诗人（而言）容易创作的另一种简单诗歌形式是五行诗，它由五个诗行构成。
【用法】
make up 编造；化妆；和好；组成；构成 make up for 弥补 make sure 确保
【佳句】 The coming-of-age ceremony is made up of two parts — some videos about the past events and some speeches to be delivered by some student representatives.成人礼由两部分组成——一些关于过去事件的视频和一些学生代表发表的演讲。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The research team is made （make） up of three scientists and two engineers.
②He worked overtime to make up for his absence.
【写美】 完成句子
③这个传统节日由两个主要活动组成——灯笼游行和烹饪比赛。
The traditional festival is made up of two main activities — a lantern parade and a cooking competition.
3.mood n.情绪；心情；语气
教材原句 With these， you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words.
通过这些诗行，你可以用短短几句话就传达出一幅动人的画面或某种心情。
【用法】
（1）in a good/bad mood 心情好/不好 有心情或兴致做某事 （2）moody adj. 情绪多变的；脾气坏的
【佳句】 I was in such a bad mood that I finally broke down， sobbing into my palms.我心情非常不好以至于我最终崩溃了，用手捂着脸呜咽起来。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①After hearing the bad news， she was in a terrible mood all day.
② The director’s moody （mood） personality made the actors nervous during filming.
【写美】 完成句子
③她似乎心情不错，因为她脸上挂着灿烂的笑容。
It seemed as if she was in a good mood because she was wearing a big smile on her face.
4.tease vi.& vt.取笑（某人）；揶揄；逗弄
教材原句 Teasing， shouting， laughing 爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑
【用法】
（1）tease sb about ... 取笑某人的…… （2）teaser n. 难以解决的问题
【佳句】 I hated being teased about my height when I was at school.
我上学时很讨厌别人拿我的身高开玩笑。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The math problem was a real teaser （tease） — only two students solved it.
【写美】 完成句子
②孩子们取笑新同学的口音，但并无恶意。
The kids teased the new student about his accent ， but they meant no harm.
5.respectively adv.分别；各自；依次为
教材原句 It has a format of three lines， containing 5， 7， and 5 syllables respectively.
其格式为三行，每行的音节分别是五个、七个和五个。
【用法】
（1）respective adj. 分别的；各自的 in their respective fields 在他们各自的领域 （2）respect n.尊敬，尊重，敬重；（事物的）方面 vt. 尊敬，尊重，敬重；关于，涉及；遵守
【佳句】 They each excel in their respective fields.
他们在各自领域里都是出类拔萃的。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The teams returned to their respective （respect） countries after the competition.
【写美】 完成句子
②Alice和Bob在上次比赛中分别获得金牌和银牌。
Alice and Bob received gold and silver medals respectively in the last competition.
6.comprehension n.理解力；领悟力；理解练习
【用法】
（1）beyond one’s comprehension 无法理解 reading comprehension 阅读理解 （2）comprehend vt. 理解
【佳句】 How anyone could be formed in such a way was beyond her comprehension. （外研选必三）
她难以理解一个人怎么能长得如此畸形。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The philosopher’s theories are so abstract that they often lie beyond comprehension （comprehend） to ordinary readers.
【写美】 完成句子
②她快速理解复杂理论的能力给面试小组留下了深刻印象。
Her ability to comprehend complex theories quickly impressed the interview panel.
重点句型解构
1.句型公式：why引导定语从句
教材原句 There are various reasons why people compose poetry.
人们写诗的原因多种多样。
【用法】
先行词是the reason时，定语从句的引导词需根据定语从句缺少的成分而定： （1）如果缺少状语，用why或者for which； （2）如果缺少主语，则用that/which； （3）如果缺少宾语，则用that/which或者不填。
【品悟】 The reason why we hold this colourful activity is that we can exchange ideas about the cultural differences between New Zealand and China.
我们举办这次丰富多彩活动的原因是我们能就新西兰和中国之间的文化差异交流看法。
【写美】 完成句子
①给评委们留下最深刻印象的原因是他解决这个问题的创新方法。
The reason that/which impressed the judges most was his innovative approach to the problem.
②智能手机成瘾令心理学家担忧的原因是它对青少年大脑发育的影响。
The reason why/for which smartphone addiction worries psychologists is its impact on adolescents’ brain development.
2.句型公式：主语＋be＋形容词＋动词不定式
教材原句 The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory， but they are easy to learn and recite. 这些童谣也许没有道理，甚至自相矛盾，但是很容易学习和背诵。
【用法】
（1）动词不定式在该句型中用主动形式表示被动意义。 （2）常用于该句型的形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词，如hard、 difficult、 pleasant、 easy、 comfortable、 interesting等。 （3）动词不定式和主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，当动词不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，后面要加上适当的介词。
【品悟】 He is easy to get on with and he has good communication skills， so please take my recommendation into account. （推荐信）
他很容易相处，并且有很好的沟通技巧，所以请考虑我的推荐。
【写美】 完成句子
①山径难攀，但上方发光的洞口预示着答案。
The mountain path was difficult to climb ， but the glowing cave mouth above promised answers. （户外探险）
②他的道歉很难让人接受，但他颤抖的声音让人无法拒绝。
His apology was hard to accept ， yet the trembling in his voice made it impossible to refuse. （冲突化解）
③这把办公椅坐8个小时也很舒适，尤其适合腰痛的人。
The office chair is comfortable to sit on for 8 hours， especially suitable for people with back pain.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.When dawn （黎明） came， his bedside lamp was still burning.
2.Staff and students from different clubs will stage drama （戏剧艺术） performances.
3.The imagery （意象） is drawn from real life， which is lovely and vivid.
4.Stress and rhythm （节奏） are important when you are speaking English， as they make communication easier.
5.He likes pop music， while I am fond of folk （民间的） music but we still have something in common.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1. The reason why he was late for the meeting （他开会迟到的原因） was that he got stuck in a traffic jam.
2. With a lot of difficult problems to settle （有许多困难的问题要解决）， I have to stay here for another week.
3.Some people like old-style poems， while others like modern poems （而有些人喜欢现代诗）.
4.Jack studied in a village school， which was named after his grandfather （这所乡村学校是以他祖父的名字命名的）.
5.The chair in the living room is comfortable to sit on （坐上去很舒服）.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.David enjoyed being with the author because he needed to share sorrow （悲伤） with him.
2.It was Chaucer who really turned English into a literary （文学的） language.
3.To make the poem rhyme （押韵）， he chose the first word that came into his head.
4.To learn more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk （民间的） music as his second course.
5.Jenny loves wearing her diamond （钻石） necklace， even with jeans and a white T-shirt.
6.What surprised me was that they were able to recite （背诵） the whole poem from memory.
7.No professionals may participate in the amateur （业余的） tennis tournament.
8.He explained the format （总体安排） of the programme and what he had in mind.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1. Comparing （compare） notes with your classmates frequently is a good way to improve your study.
2.At the news of the king’s passing away， the whole country was in deep sorrow.
3.There are so many new words that I can hardly make sense of the passage at all.
4.The little boy gave a beautiful recitation （recite） of some poems by Blake.
5.The area does not consist entirely of rich people，despite popular belief.
6.The manager was in a bad mood and was shouting at everyone.
7.The error and warning messages are shown in red and yellow respectively （respective）.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1.He collected a fine collection of ancient pottery， which is made up of 144 pieces （由144件组成）.
2.The girl seems very cold， but in fact， she is very easy to get along with （她很容易相处）.
3. With such a reliable person to carry out the task （有这么可靠的一个人来执行这项任务）， you can rest easy.
4. The reason why children like nursery rhymes （孩子们喜欢童谣的原因） is that they both rhyme and have a lively rhythm.
5. Seeing the clear dewdrops on the grass at dawn （黎明时分，看着草地上晶莹的露珠）， she can’t help being amazed by the beauty of nature.
Ⅳ.一词多义/熟词生义
快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思
1.delicate
A.adj.脆弱的 B.adj.精美的 C.adj.清淡的 D.adj.微妙的
①The wine has a dry delicate flavour. C
②The ring had a very delicate design. B
③Faced with such a delicate international situation， we should be careful and brave. D
④The eye is one of the most delicate organs of the body. A
快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加蓝词汇的意思
2.She takes pleasure in reciting the list of major events in history. 逐一讲述
3.That small fishing village has now blossomed into an important port. 发展
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I am in seventh-grade language arts class in an old red-brick junior high school building.The afternoon sun streams through high windows that face the playground.It is the day I remember hearing this phrase for the first time：“the little lame balloonman.”
It’s from “in Just-”， the E.E.Cummings’s poem we are reading.Mr Katz is trying to loosen up our adolescent imaginations to the point where we might appreciate figurative language.There are phrases like“the world is mud-luscious”， and then“puddle-wonderful”.Something begins to grow in me as a reader： the mixture of descriptive words and words expressing action.
Words would be and do what they describe！ I’d like to think Mr Katz was conspiring with the poem， sun， spring and kid energy， not just a lesson plan.From then on， I was a new reader and writer.When I looked back on that poem as a starting line， I heard the call to poetry.
I would see “in Just-” in nearly every poem in my language arts life.It was in my very old “A Pocket Book of Modern Verse”， edited by Oscar Williams and in “An Approach to Poetry”， by X.J.Kennedy.I began to understand that a poet is describing the world， experience， or concepts in a way that antidotes dullness， commonness， and indifference.“Poetry provides the one permissible way of saying one thing and meaning another，” Robert Frost explained.
Reading poems became a daily practice.I collect my own favorite expressions of life’s joys and sufferings.I’m fond of Billy Collins’ view：“The history of poetry is the only surviving history we have of human emotion.It is the history of the human heart.There is no other one.”
The special poems always lead me back to my memory of a sunny classroom， in junior high school when Mr Katz carefully brought us into a new field — a moment that got me out of middle school mundanity.Even the dance on Friday and my drum lesson on Wednesday afternoon paled in comparison.I was addicted to poetry.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆起自己初中时上Katz先生的语言艺术课，产生了对诗歌的喜爱。在之后的日子里，作者阅读各位名家的诗歌。读诗成了作者每天要做的事情。
1.What is Mr Katz trying to do in his class？（ ）
A.Fire up students’ interest in poetry.
B.Finish his lesson plan on time.
C.Teach students to write poems.
D.Use great words to express himself.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句以及第三段第二句可知，Katz先生在课堂上想激发学生对诗歌的兴趣。
2.What does Robert Frost think of poetry？（ ）
A.It makes the theme obvious.
B.It talks about practical concepts.
C.It carries underlying meaning.
D.It allows dullness and commonness.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可推知，罗伯特·弗罗斯特认为诗歌有潜在的含义。
3.How did the author find his/her middle school？（ ）
A.The dance on Friday was quite boring.
B.The language arts lesson was incomparable.
C.The school life remained generally the same.
D.The drum lesson on Wednesday was a piece of cake.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，语言艺术课的美妙使作者的中学时代不再乏味，它是无可比拟的。
4.What’s the best title for the article？（ ）
A.My Junior School Life
B.Mr Katz’s Language Arts Lessons
C.My Language Arts Life
D.My Love of Poetry
解析：D 标题归纳题。根据第三段倒数第一、二句，再结合文中作者回忆起自己初中时上Katz先生的语言艺术课，产生了对诗歌的喜爱，在之后的日子里作者阅读各位名家的诗歌，读诗成了作者每天要做的事情可推知，D项（我对诗歌的热爱）为文章最佳标题。
B
No poem should ever be discussed or “analyzed”， until it has been read aloud by someone， a teacher or a student.Better still， perhaps， is the practice of reading it twice， once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end， so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it.
All discussions of poetry are， in fact， pre-parations for reading it aloud， and the reading of the poem is， eventually， the most concrete “interpretation （解释）” of it， suggesting tone， rhymes， and meaning all at once.Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice， on records or on films， is obviously a special reward.But even those aids to teaching cannot replace the student and the teacher reading it or， best of all，reciting it.
I have come to think， in fact， that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than “analyzing” it and “exchanging of views”， if there isn’t time for both.I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry and take it easy when we are reading a poem.Poetry is “a criticism of life”， and “a heightening （提升） of life”.It is “a most appropriate approach to the truth of feeling”， and it “can transform your life”.It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature more central than it presently occupies.
I am not saying that every English teacher must try out poetry teaching.Those who don’t like it should not be forced to convey that negative feeling to anyone else.But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature， about its sound as well as its sense， and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。诗歌是一种艺术形式，那么怎样去鉴赏和学习诗歌呢？通读本文之后，你可能会有所收获。
5.What should one do to have a better understanding of a poem？ （ ）
A.Discuss it with others.
B.Analyze it by oneself.
C.Copy it down in a notebook.
D.Practice reading it aloud.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，要想更好地理解诗歌，就要朗读。
6.What is one of the purposes of teaching English？（ ）
A.To get students to understand life.
B.To get students to enjoy poetry.
C.To get students to become teachers.
D.To get students to become poets.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，英语教学的目的之一是让学生喜欢诗歌。
7.What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply？ （ ）
A.More stress should be laid on the teaching of poetry.
B.Poetry is more important than any other literature genre.
C.One cannot enjoy life fully without a good understanding of poetry.
D.Poetry is the foundation of all language and literature courses.
解析：A 推理判断题。第三段主要讲述了要欣赏诗歌以及诗歌对生活的重大影响，因此最后一句强调了在教学中应当重视诗歌教学。
8.What does the underlined phrase“make room” in the last paragraph mean？（ ）
A.Build a booth.
B.Provide equipment.
C.Leave a certain amount of time.
D.Set aside enough space.
解析：C 词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句以及最后一段中的in the classroom for hearing poetry可知，画线短语意为“留出些时间”。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
As technology becomes an inseparable part of our daily lives， it is crucial for educators to teach children safe tech habits from a young age.9.（ ）.
Teach the importance of privacy
One fundamental tech habit that every child should learn is the importance of privacy.Educators should teach children to never share personal information， such as their full name， address， or phone number， online or with strangers.10.（ ）.
Set time limits on screen time
11.（ ）， children are spending more time in front of screens than ever before.Educators should encourage parents to set time limits on screen time to ensure children are not spending excessive hours online.Balancing screen time with outdoor activities and face-to-face interactions is essential for a child’s overall wellbeing.
Monitor online activities
Educators should work closely with parents to monitor children’s online activities and set parental controls on devices and apps.12.（ ）， educators can identify any red flags or warning signs of unsafe behavior.Monitoring online activities is crucial in ensuring children’s safety in the digital world.
13.（ ）
Cyberbullying has become a prevalent issue in today’s digital age， with children being targeted online through social media platforms and messaging apps.Educators should educate children about the harmful effects of cyberbullying and encourage them to speak up if they witness or experience any form of online harassment.
A.With the popularity of digital devices
B.Educate children about cyberbullying
C.By keeping children away from digital devices
D.Don’t be afraid when faced with cyberbullying
E.By keeping a close eye on what children are doing online
F.Here are tips for educators to help children develop safe tech habits
G.This will help protect children from potential identity theft or online predators
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些养成安全的科技习惯的建议。
9.F 下文给出了养成习惯的建议。故F项（以下是给教育工作者的建议，帮助孩子们养成安全的科技使用习惯）引出下文，符合语境。
10.G 上文给出了一些建议，本句为本段最后一句，应说明这么做的益处。故G项（这将有助于保护儿童免受潜在的身份盗窃或网络掠夺者的侵害）符合语境。
11.A 下文提到了孩子们花在屏幕前的时间比以往任何时候都多，侧面反映了数字设备的普及，故A项（随着数字设备的普及）符合语境。
12.E 下文提到了教育工作者可以识别任何危险信号或不安全行为的警告信号，故E项（密切关注孩子们在网上做什么）引出下文，符合语境。
13.B 本段主要说明了网络欺凌问题，且提到应该教育孩子们网络欺凌的有害影响。故B项（对孩子进行网络欺凌教育）符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
You can imagine how novel we found it when my school began offering cooking as part of the curriculum.As a growing boy， I seemed to be 14 all day long.And the good news was that we could 15 what we cooked.I immediately signed up.
At the beginning of the first class， I 16 slowly with a classic， boiled egg alone.To a teenage boy， the boiled egg might seem like a no-brainer.I was feeling 17 and excited.
Then the class was divided into teams to 18 the complex and challenging dish — Rodeo Stuffed Hot Dogs.The 19 proceeded satisfactorily.Even the baking seemed to progress as 20 .But my team ran into 21 when we turned on the broiler （烤箱） to brown our hot dogs.It really wasn’t our 22 .The members of another group were busy 23 their hot dogs out from the oven and placing them on the table to cool.They 24 good， making our mouths water.We gathered closely together around those tasty hot dogs， and we were all 25 until a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven suddenly 26 our masterpieces.
All our previous efforts were wasted. 27 ， we were regarded as that day’s heroes.The sense of 28 that came from creating a dish promoted a positive relationship with food and willingness to try new things.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者参加学校举办的烹饪课，课上他和小组成员一起制作热狗，起初一切顺利，但由于他们的疏忽，热狗烤焦了。虽然没能成功完成这道菜，但作者仍感谢烹饪带来的兴奋感。
14.A.ignorant B.sleepy
C.hungry D.greedy
解析：C 根据下文可知，得知可以吃自己做的菜，作者立刻报名了，说明作者整天都觉得饿，想吃东西。
15.A.display B.exchange
C.market D.have
解析：D 根据上句可知，作者报名的原因是作者可以吃自己做的菜，缓解饥饿。
16.A.took off B.started off
C.called off D.put off
解析：B 根据At the beginning of the first class可知，作者刚开始上烹饪课，所以开始独自做煮鸡蛋。
17.A.nervous B.confident
C.bored D.relaxed
解析：B 根据上文To a teenage boy， the boiled egg might seem like a no-brainer.可知，作者认为煮鸡蛋是一件轻而易举的事，说明作者很自信。
18.A.recommend B.appreciate
C.evaluate D.make
解析：D 根据the complex and challenging dish — Rodeo Stuffed Hot Dogs可知，作者参加的是烹饪课，要制作复杂而富有挑战性的菜肴。
19.A.preparation B.cooking
C.competition D.course
解析：A 根据下文Even the baking seemed to progress as可知，句中描述的是烹饪过程。由此可知，先进行的是准备工作。
20.A.involved B.intended
C.copied D.pictured
解析：B 根据上句可知，烹饪过程进展顺利，说明烘焙工作也按预期进行。
21.A.trouble B.pressure
C.tease D.resistance
解析：A 根据下文until a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven suddenly 26 our masterpieces可知，把热狗烤焦了说明团队遇到了麻烦。
22.A.dish B.task
C.fault D.cooker
解析：C 根据语境可知，此处指“这真的不是我们的错”。
23.A.pulling B.giving
C.putting D.working
解析：A 根据their hot dogs out from the oven可知，应该先把热狗从烤箱里拿出来，再放在桌子上冷却。pull ... out from ...意为“把……从……中拉出来”。
24.A.tasted B.felt
C.sounded D.smelled
解析：D 根据making our mouths water可知，流口水的原因是刚烤好的热狗闻起来很香。
25.A.drawn B.cheated
C.beaten D.refused
解析：A 根据上文可知，香气扑鼻的热狗让人流口水，说明我们都被吸引了。
26.A.comprised B.ended
C.perfected D.saved
解析：B 根据until a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven suddenly可知，我们的热狗烤焦了，即一团黑烟结束了我们的杰作。
27.A.Moreover B.Therefore
C.Otherwise D.Still
解析：D 根据All our previous efforts were wasted.和we were regarded as that day’s heroes可知，虽然我们的努力都白费了，但仍然被视为那一天的英雄。
28.A.achievement B.security
C.excitement D.responsibility
解析：C 根据上文I was feeling 17 and excited.可知，制作菜肴让作者感到兴奋。由此可知，创造一道菜所带来的兴奋感促进了与食物的积极关系以及尝试新事物的意愿。
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