Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Pre-reading
Before reading the passage， answer the following questions.
Do you like art？ Why？ What can you get from appreciating art？
While-reading
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
2.What’s the main idea of this passage？
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.Why is it difficult to give Western art a precise definition？What is the best way to understand Western art？
2.What set Giotto di Bondone’s paintings apart from other paintings？（ ）
A.His paintings mainly showed religious themes.
B.His paintings showed real people in a real environment.
C.His paintings were to convey the light and movement in the scene.
D.His paintings concentrated less on religious themes.
3.Who was considered as a master of shadow and light？（ ）
A.Masaccio.
B.Rembrandt.
C.Michelangelo.
D.Leonardo da Vinci.
4.What did many Impressionists focus on in their paintings？（ ）
A.Important historical events.
B.Stories from mythology.
C.Nature or daily life.
D.Kings and nobles.
5.Which of the following are the styles of paintings about Modern Art？（ ）
A.Abstract and realistic.
B.Abstract and natural.
C.Religious and natural.
D.Natural and realistic.
第三步：辨难句拆分解读
1.As there have been so many different styles of Western art， it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.
句式分析：此句是复合句。as引导 从句；it is impossible to describe them all in a short text为it is＋形容词＋to do sth结构， it是 ， 作真正的主语。
自主翻译：
2.While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil， this technique reached its height with Rembrandt （1606－1669）， who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
句式分析：此句是复合句。While引导 从句，意为“ ”；who引导 从句，修饰Rembrandt。
自主翻译：
3.In this work，Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene — the subjective impression the scene gave him — but not a detailed record of the scene itself.
句式分析：此句是复合句。to convey ...是动词不定式短语作 ；the scene gave him是省略了关系代词 的定语从句，关系代词在从句中作 。
自主翻译：
Post-reading
第一步：抒己见提升思维
What’s your opinion about the works of the Impressionists？
第二步：课文语法填空
As there have been so many different styles of Western art， perhaps the best way 1. （understand） Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.During the Middle Ages， the purpose of Western art was 2. （teach） people about Christianity.This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone.His paintings are set apart from other paintings by their 3. （reality） human faces and deep emotional impact.Painters concentrated 4. （little） on religious themes during the Renaissance.5. important breakthrough was the use of perspective by Masaccio and another innovation was the use of oil paints.In subject matter， the emphasis 6. （increase） shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us.Photography was invented in the mid-19th century， after 7. paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like.Hence，Impressionism 8. （emerge） in France.The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet 9. （call） Impression， Sunrise.After Impressionism， subsequent artists began to ask what they would do next.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality，10. instead to ask the question，“What is art？”
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING
What is Western art？ It is hard to give a precise① definition②.[1]As there have been so many different styles③ of Western art， it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.[2]Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
[1]As引导原因状语从句。
[2]动词不定式短语to understand Western art在句中作后置定语，修饰the best way；动词不定式短语to look at ...在句中作表语。
The Middle Ages④ （from the 5th to the 15th century）
During the Middle Ages， the purpose of Western art was [3]to teach people about Christianity⑤.Thus， artists were not interested in painting realistic⑥ scenes.Their works were often primitive⑦ and two-dimensional⑧， and the main characters⑨ were often made much larger than everyone else [4]to show their importance.This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone⑩ （1267－1337）.[5]While his paintings still had religious themes ， they showed real people in a real environment.In particular ， his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact .
[3]动词不定式短语在句中作表语。
[4]动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[5]While引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然；尽管”，相当于although。
The Renaissance （from the 14th to the 17th century）
New ideas and values gradually replaced [6]old ones from the Middle Ages.As a result ， painters concentrated less on religious themes.They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio （1401－1428）.Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci （1452－1519）， Michelangelo （1475－1564）， and Raphael （1483－1520） built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations [7]to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
[6]不定代词ones代替上文出现的ideas and values。
[7]句中动词不定式短语作目的状语，其中关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词some of the greatest art。
Another innovation was the use of oil paints.[8]With their deep colours and realism， some of the best oil paintings look like photographs.While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil， this technique reached its height with Rembrandt （1606－1669）， [9]who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
[8]介词短语在句中作原因状语。
[9]who引导非限制性定语从句，对Rembrandt进行补充说明。
In subject matter， the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us.Kings， nobles ， and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people [10]they loved.Others wanted paintings [11]showing important historical events or stories from mythology .Finally， most clients wanted paintings [12]that were beautiful and interesting to look at.
[10]they loved是省略了关系代词that或who的定语从句，修饰先行词people。
[11]动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰名词paintings。
[12]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词paintings。
Impressionism （late 19th to early 20th century）
The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century.After that， paintings were no longer needed to preserve [13] what people and the world looked like.Hence ， painters had to find a new way of looking at their art.From this， Impressionism emerged in France.The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet （1840－1926） [14]called Impression， Sunrise .In this work， Monet’s aim was [15]to convey the light and movement in the scene — the subjective impression [16]the scene gave him — but not a detailed record of the scene itself.
[13]what引导宾语从句，作动词preserve的宾语。
[14]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词painting。
[15]动词不定式短语作表语。
[16]the scene gave him是省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词impression。
While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life， others， such as Renoir （1841－1919）， focused on people.Unlike the cold， black-and-white photographs of that time period， Renoir’s paintings are full of light， shadow， colour， and life.[17]He sought to show not just the oute image of his subjects， but their inner warmth and humanity as wel.
Modern Art （from the 20th century to today）
After Impressionism， subsequenartists began to ask，“What do we do next？” Painters such as Picass （1881－1973） tried to analys the shapes [18]which existed in the natural world but in a new way， with Cubis.Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality.Still others turned to abstracart.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality， but instead to ask the question，“What is art？”
[17]not just ...but ...意为“不仅……而且……”，连接两个并列的名词短语，作动词show的宾语。
[18]which引导定语从句，修饰先行词shapes。
①precise adj.准确的；精确的
precisely adv.准确地；精确地；的确如此
②give a precise definition
给出一个明确的定义
③style n.风格；方式
④the Middle Ages 中世纪
⑤Christianity n.基督教
⑥realistic adj.现实的；逼真的
realism n.逼真；现实主义；务实作风
realist n.现实主义画家（或作家等）；现实主义者
⑦primitive adj.发展水平低的；原始的；远古的
n.文艺复兴前的艺术家（或作品）
⑧two-dimensional adj.二维的
dimension n.维；规模；范围
⑨character n.人物；角色
⑩Giotto di Bondone 乔托·迪·邦多纳（意大利画家、雕刻家、建筑师）
theme n.主题
in particular 尤其；特别
set apart from
使与众不同；使突出；使优于……
impact n.影响
the Renaissance 文艺复兴（时期）
as a result 结果
concentrate on
关注；集中注意力于……
adopt vt.采用；采取
humanistic adj.人文主义的
humanity n.人性；人道；（统称）人类
an attitude to/towards ...
对……的态度
breakthrough n.重大进展；突破
perspective n.透视法
Masaccio 马萨乔（意大利现实主义画家）
influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的
Leonardo da Vinci 莱昂纳多·达·芬奇（意大利艺术家、学者、发明家）
Michelangelo米开朗琪罗（意大利雕塑家、画家、建筑师、诗人）
Raphael 拉斐尔（意大利画家）
innovation n.创新
Rembrandt 伦勃朗（荷兰画家）
reputation n.名誉；名声
gain/earn/win a reputation获得声誉
emphasis n.重要性；强调
shift from ...to ...
从……转移到……
noble n.贵族成员；出身高贵的人
adj.崇高的；宏伟的；高贵的
rank n.地位；级别；行列
vt.& vi.把……分等级；使排成行
purchase vt.购买；采购
n.购买；购买的东西
mythology n.神话；虚幻的想法
client n.委托人；当事人；客户
Impressionism n.印象主义；印象派（绘画风格）
photography n.照相术；摄影
preserve vt.保留
hence adv.因此
emerge vi.& vt.出现；浮现；暴露
Claude Monet 克劳德·莫奈（法国印象派画家）
sunrise n.日出
Impression， Sunrise
《日出·印象》（莫奈代表作）
convey vt.表达；传递（思想、感情等）；传送
subjective adj.主观的
objective adj.客观的
detailed adj.详尽的
Renoir 雷诺阿（法国印象派画家）
focus on 集中于……
seek to do sth试图做某事
outer adj.外表的；外边的；外围的
as well 也
subsequent adj.随后的；后来的；之后的
Picasso 毕加索（西班牙画家、雕塑家）
analyse vt.分析
Cubism n.立体主义；立体派
abstract adj.抽象的
西方绘画简史 什么是西方艺术？很难给出一个明确的定义。由于西方艺术风格多种多样，不可能在一篇短文中描述全部。也许，了解西方艺术的最好方法就是回顾若干个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。 中世纪时期（5－15世纪） 中世纪时期，西方艺术的目的是向人们传授基督教。因此，艺术家们对描绘真实场景并无兴趣，他们的作品通常较为粗糙且二维化，主体人物也通常被塑造得比其他人高大许多，以显示其重要性。13世纪乔托·迪·邦多纳的出现改变了这一现象。尽管他的绘画仍是宗教主题，但展示了真实环境中的真实人物。他的绘画尤其以逼真的人脸和强烈的情感冲击而与众不同。 文艺复兴时期（14－17世纪） 新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪时期旧的思想和价值观。因此，画家们较少关注宗教主题。他们开始对生活采取一种更为人性化的态度。这一时期的一项重大突破是马萨乔对透视法的运用。一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇、米开朗琪罗和拉斐尔，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创作出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。 另一大创新是油性颜料的使用。凭借其浓重的色彩和写实主义，一些最好的油画作品看上去与照片相似。尽管早在达·芬奇时代，一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他拥有“光影大师”的雅称。 在题材方面，重心日益从宗教主题转向我们身边的人与世界。国王、贵族和地位显赫的人都想购买自己及其所爱之人的精确画像，而其他人想要的则是展示重大历史事件或神话故事的绘画。最后，大多数顾客想要的是漂亮、有趣的绘画。 印象派时期（19世纪末－20世纪初） 在19世纪中叶摄影术发明之前，西方艺术发展缓慢。摄影术发明之后，绘画不再需要保留人与世界的模样。因此，画家必须找到一种新的方式来看待他们的艺术。于是，印象主义在法国应运而生。这项新运动的名称源自克劳德·莫奈名为《日出·印象》的绘画作品。在这幅作品里，莫奈的目的是传递场景中的光与运动——即场景给予他的主观印象，而非对场景本身的一种具体记录。
虽然许多印象派画家描绘的是大自然或日常生活中的场景，但是雷诺阿等其他画家却侧重于人物。与那一时期冷色调的黑白照片不同，雷诺阿的绘画饱含光影、色彩和生活元素。他力求既展示主题人物的外在形象，又展现其内在的温暖和人性。 现代艺术时期（20世纪至今） 在印象主义之后，后来的艺术家们开始发问：“接下来我们应该做什么？”毕加索等画家试图分析自然世界中存在的形状，但是以一种新的方式——立体主义。其他画家则赋予自己的绘画一种写实却又梦幻般的品质。还有一些画家则转向抽象艺术。他们所做的尝试不再是展示现实，而是提出这一问题：“艺术是什么？”
Ⅰ.词块默写
1. 给出一个明确的定义
2. 从其他画作中脱颖而出
3. 较少关注宗教主题
4. 对生活采取一种更人性化的态度
5. 获得光影大师的声誉
6. 从宗教主题转向人
7. 主观印象
8. 一种写实却又梦幻般的品质
Ⅱ.课文原句默写
1.由于西方艺术风格多种多样，不可能在一篇短文中描述全部。
2.凭借其浓重的色彩和写实主义，一些最好的油画作品看上去与照片相似。
3.因此，画家必须找到一种新的方式来看待他们的艺术。
4.他力求既展示主题人物的外在形象，又展现其内在的温暖和人性。
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 1 Section Ⅰ （1）
核心词汇集释
1.in particular 尤其；特别
教材原句 In particular， his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.他的绘画尤其以逼真的人脸和强烈的情感冲击而与众不同。
【用法】
（1）particular adj. 特殊的；特别的；挑剔的
n. 细节；详情
be particular about/over sth
对……讲究/挑剔
（2）particularly adv. 尤其；特别
【佳句】 As we all know， the British are rather particular about/over table manners.
众所周知，英国人相当讲究餐桌礼仪。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The professor was very particular the accuracy of data in our research.
②She loves all genres of music， but she is （particular） fond of jazz.
【写美】 完成句子
③会议讨论了全球环境问题，尤其关注气候变化的影响。
The conference discussed global environmental issues， .
2.set apart from 使与众不同；使突出；使优于……
【用法】
set off 动身；出发；引爆；引发
set up 建立；引起
set down 写下；放下
set out （to do sth） 出发；开始（做某事）
set about （doing sth） 开始；着手（做某事）
set aside 留出时间
【佳句】 He had a particular voice， which set him apart from others in our class.
他的嗓音很特别，这使他在我们班与众不同。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The sudden noise set a chain reaction of panic in the crowded theater.
②The historian set his observations in a journal， ensuring future generations could learn from them.
【写美】 完成句子
③黎明时分，探险家们踏上了穿越沙漠的旅程。
At dawn， the explorers .
3.influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的
教材原句 Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci （1452－1519）， Michelangelo （1475－1564）， and Raphael （1483－1520） built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇、米开朗琪罗和拉斐尔，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创作出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。
【用法】
influence n.& vt. 影响
influence sb to do sth 影响某人做某事
have an influence on/upon 对……有影响
under one’s influence 在某人的影响下
【佳句】 And yet they shared an intense respect for nature， which made them each an influential figure of their time. （外研选必三）
然而，他们都非常尊重自然，这使得他们在各自时代都成为有影响力的人物。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Confucius remains one of the most （influence） philosophers in Chinese history.
②The artist’s early works were created the influence of Impressionism.
【写美】 完成句子
③文艺复兴时期大师们对人文主义的尊重不仅定义了他们的时代，也对西方艺术产生了几个世纪的影响。
The Renaissance masters’ respect for humanism not only defined their era but also
.
4.rank n.地位；级别；行列vt.& vi.把……分等级；使排成行
教材原句 Kings， nobles， and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved.
国王、贵族和地位显赫的人都想购买自己及其所爱之人的精确画像。
【用法】
（1）rank ...as ... 将……分等级
rank high/low 排名靠前/靠后
be ranked fourth/number four
排名第四
（2）ranking n. 地位；排名
【佳句】 Learning that you ranked first in the English speech competition held last week， I am writing to offer my sincere congratulations. （祝贺信）
得知你在上周举行的英语演讲比赛中获得第一名，我写信表示衷心的祝贺。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Congratulations on your school’s impressive （rank） in the national science competition！
②Our school’s basketball team （rank） fourth in the provincial tournament last year.
【写美】 完成句子
③世界卫生组织将空气污染列为首要的环境健康风险，敦促各国政府立即采取行动。
The World Health Organization ， urging governments to take immediate action.
5.convey vt.表达；传递（思想、感情等）；传送
教材原句 In this work， Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene — the subjective impression the scene gave him — but not a detailed record of the scene itself.
在这幅作品里，莫奈的目的是传递场景中的光与运动——即场景给予他的主观印象，而非对场景本身的一种具体记录。
【用法】
convey sth to sb 向某人表达/传递某物
convey sb/sth from A to B
把某人/某物从A地运送到B地
convey ...to sb for ...因……向某人表示……
【佳句】 I’m writing to convey my heartfelt gratitude to you for your kind help and tender care.（感谢信）
我写信是向您表示衷心的感谢，感谢您的友好帮助和亲切照顾。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I propose conveying students’ suggestions to the school council further discussion on cafeteria improvements.
【写美】 完成句子
②通过这个奖项，我们旨在向医务工作者做出的牺牲表示我们最深切的感谢。
Through this award， we aim to for their sacrifices.
重点句型解构
1.句型公式：while 引导状语从句
教材原句 While his paintings still had religious themes， they showed real people in a real environment.
尽管他的绘画仍是宗教主题，但展示了真实环境中的真实人物。
【用法】
（1）while意为“尽管，虽然”时，引导让步状语从句；
（2）while意为“当……时候”时，引导时间状语从句；
（3）while意为“然而，可是”时，连接两个并列句，表示对比关系。
【品悟】 While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement， others raise moral concerns.（北师大选必三）
尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。
【写美】 完成句子
①尽管科技带来便利，但它也减少了面对面交流。
， it also reduces face-to-face communication.
②老师讲解诗歌时，学生们认真记笔记。
， students took notes attentively.
③尽管西式快餐受欢迎，但中华传统饮食依然不可替代。
， traditional Chinese cuisine remains irreplaceable.
2.句型公式：not just/only ...but ...不仅……而且……
教材原句 He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects， but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
他力求既展示主题人物的外在形象，又展现其内在的温暖和人性。
【用法】
（1）not just/only ...but ...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”，即谓语动词在数和人称上要与邻近的主语一致。类似的用法还有：
neither ...nor ... 既不……也不……
either ...or ... 要么……要么……
not ...but ... 不是……而是……
（2）not only ...but （also） ...连接两个句子且not only位于句首时，句子用部分倒装， but （also）连接的部分不倒装。
【品悟】 This experience not only prompted me to make new friends， but it also laid the foundation for my membership in the school baseball team.这段经历不仅促使我结交了新朋友，也为我加入校棒球队奠定了基础。
【写美】 完成句子
①根据环境报告，新政策既未减少碳排放，也未改善空气质量。
The new policy ， according to environmental reports.
②志愿经历不仅开阔了我的视野，也从根本上重塑了我的价值观。
， but it also fundamentally reshaped my values.
③博物馆的价值不在于参观人数，而在于保存集体记忆的力量。
The value of museums lies in their power to preserve collective memory.
3.句型公式：what 引导名词性从句
教材原句 What they attempted to do was no longer show reality， but instead to ask the question，“What is art？”
他们所做的尝试不再是展示现实，而是提出这一问题：“艺术是什么？”
【用法】
（1）what引导名词性从句时可用作主语、宾语或表语，意为“……的东西或事情，……的人或样子，……的数量或数目，……的时间，……的地方”。
（2）有些what引导的名词性从句在结构上相当于“名词＋定语从句”。
【品悟】 On the other hand， what we learn online isn’t necessarily what we need， not to mention its constant damage to our eyes.
另一方面，我们在网上学到的东西不一定是我们需要的，更别提它不断伤害我们的眼睛了。
【写美】 完成句子
①他的手指颤抖，不是因为寒冷，而是因为信封里可能装着的东西——那些可能粉碎他最后希望的话。
His fingers trembled， not because of the cold， but because of — the words that could shatter his last hope.
②她生日想要的只是一辆新自行车。
was just a new bike.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The sculptor has a good r because of his striking sculptures.
2.The new laptop my friend p from the website last Sunday was out of order and a disappointed look emerged on his face.
3.To be honest， I in particular prefer his s works to his previous ones.
4.My client described what had happened （精确地） to him.
5.He offers some precise information on how to build a model in three （维）.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1. （滑冰时）， the boy lost his balance and had a bad fall.
2.My dream is （成为一名医生） after my graduation from university.
3. （很难想象） a world without metals.
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 1 Section Ⅰ （2）
13 / 13Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Pre-reading
Before reading the passage， answer the following questions.
Do you like art？ Why？ What can you get from appreciating art？
Yes， I like art.Art is a form of creative expression that can break through the limitations of language.A painting broadens my perspective and allows me to see the world from different viewpoints.
While-reading
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
2.What’s the main idea of this passage？
This passage introduces some of the major movements in Western art and how art has changed stylistically over the centuries.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.Why is it difficult to give Western art a precise definition？What is the best way to understand Western art？
Because there have been so many different types of Western art. Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
2.What set Giotto di Bondone’s paintings apart from other paintings？（ ）
A.His paintings mainly showed religious themes.
B.His paintings showed real people in a real environment.
C.His paintings were to convey the light and movement in the scene.
D.His paintings concentrated less on religious themes.
3.Who was considered as a master of shadow and light？（ ）
A.Masaccio. B.Rembrandt.
C.Michelangelo. D.Leonardo da Vinci.
4.What did many Impressionists focus on in their paintings？（ ）
A.Important historical events.
B.Stories from mythology.
C.Nature or daily life.
D.Kings and nobles.
5.Which of the following are the styles of paintings about Modern Art？（ ）
A.Abstract and realistic. B.Abstract and natural.
C.Religious and natural. D.Natural and realistic.
答案：2－5 BBCA
第三步：辨难句拆分解读
1.As there have been so many different styles of Western art， it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.
句式分析：此句是复合句。as引导 原因状语 从句；it is impossible to describe them all in a short text为it is＋形容词＋to do sth结构， it是 形式主语 ， to describe them all in a short text 作真正的主语。
自主翻译： 由于西方艺术风格多种多样，不可能在一篇短文中描述全部。
2.While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil， this technique reached its height with Rembrandt （1606－1669）， who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
句式分析：此句是复合句。While引导 让步状语 从句，意为“ 虽然，尽管 ”；who引导 非限制性定语 从句，修饰Rembrandt。
自主翻译： 尽管早在达·芬奇时代，一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他拥有“光影大师”的雅称。
3.In this work，Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene — the subjective impression the scene gave him — but not a detailed record of the scene itself.
句式分析：此句是复合句。to convey ...是动词不定式短语作 表语 ；the scene gave him是省略了关系代词 that/which 的定语从句，关系代词在从句中作 宾语 。
自主翻译： 在这幅作品里，莫奈的目的是传递场景中的光与运动——即场景给予他的主观印象，而非对场景本身的一种具体记录。
Post-reading
第一步：抒己见提升思维
What’s your opinion about the works of the Impressionists？
I think their works are too abstract and difficult to understand for most ordinary people.However， their artistic value cannot be denied.Sometimes， art is to be appreciated， but not to be understood.
第二步：课文语法填空
As there have been so many different styles of Western art， perhaps the best way 1. to understand （understand） Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.During the Middle Ages， the purpose of Western art was 2. to teach （teach） people about Christianity.This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone.His paintings are set apart from other paintings by their 3. realistic （reality） human faces and deep emotional impact.Painters concentrated 4. less （little） on religious themes during the Renaissance.5. An important breakthrough was the use of perspective by Masaccio and another innovation was the use of oil paints.In subject matter， the emphasis 6. increasingly （increase） shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us.Photography was invented in the mid-19th century， after 7. which paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like.Hence，Impressionism 8. emerged （emerge） in France.The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet 9. called （call） Impression， Sunrise.After Impressionism， subsequent artists began to ask what they would do next.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality，10. but instead to ask the question，“What is art？”
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING
What is Western art？ It is hard to give a precise① definition②.[1]As there have been so many different styles③ of Western art， it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.[2]Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
[1]As引导原因状语从句。
[2]动词不定式短语to understand Western art在句中作后置定语，修饰the best way；动词不定式短语to look at ...在句中作表语。
The Middle Ages④ （from the 5th to the 15th century）
During the Middle Ages， the purpose of Western art was [3]to teach people about Christianity⑤.Thus， artists were not interested in painting realistic⑥ scenes.Their works were often primitive⑦ and two-dimensional⑧， and the main characters⑨ were often made much larger than everyone else [4]to show their importance.This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone⑩ （1267－1337）.[5]While his paintings still had religious themes ， they showed real people in a real environment.In particular ， his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact .
[3]动词不定式短语在句中作表语。
[4]动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[5]While引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然；尽管”，相当于although。
The Renaissance （from the 14th to the 17th century）
New ideas and values gradually replaced [6]old ones from the Middle Ages.As a result ， painters concentrated less on religious themes.They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio （1401－1428）.Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci （1452－1519）， Michelangelo （1475－1564）， and Raphael （1483－1520） built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations [7]to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
[6]不定代词ones代替上文出现的ideas and values。
[7]句中动词不定式短语作目的状语，其中关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词some of the greatest art。
Another innovation was the use of oil paints.[8]With their deep colours and realism， some of the best oil paintings look like photographs.While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil， this technique reached its height with Rembrandt （1606－1669）， [9]who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
[8]介词短语在句中作原因状语。
[9]who引导非限制性定语从句，对Rembrandt进行补充说明。
In subject matter， the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us.Kings， nobles ， and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people [10]they loved.Others wanted paintings [11]showing important historical events or stories from mythology .Finally， most clients wanted paintings [12]that were beautiful and interesting to look at.
[10]they loved是省略了关系代词that或who的定语从句，修饰先行词people。
[11]动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰名词paintings。
[12]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词paintings。
Impressionism （late 19th to early 20th century）
The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century.After that， paintings were no longer needed to preserve [13] what people and the world looked like.Hence ， painters had to find a new way of looking at their art.From this， Impressionism emerged in France.The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet （1840－1926） [14]called Impression， Sunrise .In this work， Monet’s aim was [15]to convey the light and movement in the scene — the subjective impression [16]the scene gave him — but not a detailed record of the scene itself.
[13]what引导宾语从句，作动词preserve的宾语。
[14]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词painting。
[15]动词不定式短语作表语。
[16]the scene gave him是省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词impression。
While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life， others， such as Renoir （1841－1919）， focused on people.Unlike the cold， black-and-white photographs of that time period， Renoir’s paintings are full of light， shadow， colour， and life.[17]He sought to show not just the oute image of his subjects， but their inner warmth and humanity as wel.
Modern Art （from the 20th century to today）
After Impressionism， subsequenartists began to ask，“What do we do next？” Painters such as Picass （1881－1973） tried to analys the shapes [18]which existed in the natural world but in a new way， with Cubis.Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality.Still others turned to abstracart.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality， but instead to ask the question，“What is art？”
[17]not just ...but ...意为“不仅……而且……”，连接两个并列的名词短语，作动词show的宾语。
[18]which引导定语从句，修饰先行词shapes。
①precise adj.准确的；精确的
precisely adv.准确地；精确地；的确如此
②give a precise definition
给出一个明确的定义
③style n.风格；方式
④the Middle Ages 中世纪
⑤Christianity n.基督教
⑥realistic adj.现实的；逼真的
realism n.逼真；现实主义；务实作风
realist n.现实主义画家（或作家等）；现实主义者
⑦primitive adj.发展水平低的；原始的；远古的
n.文艺复兴前的艺术家（或作品）
⑧two-dimensional adj.二维的
dimension n.维；规模；范围
⑨character n.人物；角色
⑩Giotto di Bondone 乔托·迪·邦多纳（意大利画家、雕刻家、建筑师）
theme n.主题
in particular 尤其；特别
set apart from
使与众不同；使突出；使优于……
impact n.影响
the Renaissance 文艺复兴（时期）
as a result 结果
concentrate on
关注；集中注意力于……
adopt vt.采用；采取
humanistic adj.人文主义的
humanity n.人性；人道；（统称）人类
an attitude to/towards ...
对……的态度
breakthrough n.重大进展；突破
perspective n.透视法
Masaccio 马萨乔（意大利现实主义画家）
influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的
Leonardo da Vinci 莱昂纳多·达·芬奇（意大利艺术家、学者、发明家）
Michelangelo米开朗琪罗（意大利雕塑家、画家、建筑师、诗人）
Raphael 拉斐尔（意大利画家）
innovation n.创新
Rembrandt 伦勃朗（荷兰画家）
reputation n.名誉；名声
gain/earn/win a reputation获得声誉
emphasis n.重要性；强调
shift from ...to ...
从……转移到……
noble n.贵族成员；出身高贵的人
adj.崇高的；宏伟的；高贵的
rank n.地位；级别；行列
vt.& vi.把……分等级；使排成行
purchase vt.购买；采购
n.购买；购买的东西
mythology n.神话；虚幻的想法
client n.委托人；当事人；客户
Impressionism n.印象主义；印象派（绘画风格）
photography n.照相术；摄影
preserve vt.保留
hence adv.因此
emerge vi.& vt.出现；浮现；暴露
Claude Monet 克劳德·莫奈（法国印象派画家）
sunrise n.日出
Impression， Sunrise
《日出·印象》（莫奈代表作）
convey vt.表达；传递（思想、感情等）；传送
subjective adj.主观的
objective adj.客观的
detailed adj.详尽的
Renoir 雷诺阿（法国印象派画家）
focus on 集中于……
seek to do sth试图做某事
outer adj.外表的；外边的；外围的
as well 也
subsequent adj.随后的；后来的；之后的
Picasso 毕加索（西班牙画家、雕塑家）
analyse vt.分析
Cubism n.立体主义；立体派
abstract adj.抽象的
参考译文
西方绘画简史
什么是西方艺术？很难给出一个明确的定义。由于西方艺术风格多种多样，不可能在一篇短文中描述全部。也许，了解西方艺术的最好方法就是回顾若干个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。
中世纪时期（5－15世纪）
中世纪时期，西方艺术的目的是向人们传授基督教。因此，艺术家们对描绘真实场景并无兴趣，他们的作品通常较为粗糙且二维化，主体人物也通常被塑造得比其他人高大许多，以显示其重要性。13世纪乔托·迪·邦多纳的出现改变了这一现象。尽管他的绘画仍是宗教主题，但展示了真实环境中的真实人物。他的绘画尤其以逼真的人脸和强烈的情感冲击而与众不同。
文艺复兴时期（14－17世纪）
新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪时期旧的思想和价值观。因此，画家们较少关注宗教主题。他们开始对生活采取一种更为人性化的态度。这一时期的一项重大突破是马萨乔对透视法的运用。一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇、米开朗琪罗和拉斐尔，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创作出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。
另一大创新是油性颜料的使用。凭借其浓重的色彩和写实主义，一些最好的油画作品看上去与照片相似。尽管早在达·芬奇时代，一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他拥有“光影大师”的雅称。
在题材方面，重心日益从宗教主题转向我们身边的人与世界。国王、贵族和地位显赫的人都想购买自己及其所爱之人的精确画像，而其他人想要的则是展示重大历史事件或神话故事的绘画。最后，大多数顾客想要的是漂亮、有趣的绘画。
印象派时期（19世纪末－20世纪初）
在19世纪中叶摄影术发明之前，西方艺术发展缓慢。摄影术发明之后，绘画不再需要保留人与世界的模样。因此，画家必须找到一种新的方式来看待他们的艺术。于是，印象主义在法国应运而生。这项新运动的名称源自克劳德·莫奈名为《日出·印象》的绘画作品。在这幅作品里，莫奈的目的是传递场景中的光与运动——即场景给予他的主观印象，而非对场景本身的一种具体记录。
虽然许多印象派画家描绘的是大自然或日常生活中的场景，但是雷诺阿等其他画家却侧重于人物。与那一时期冷色调的黑白照片不同，雷诺阿的绘画饱含光影、色彩和生活元素。他力求既展示主题人物的外在形象，又展现其内在的温暖和人性。
现代艺术时期（20世纪至今）
在印象主义之后，后来的艺术家们开始发问：“接下来我们应该做什么？”毕加索等画家试图分析自然世界中存在的形状，但是以一种新的方式——立体主义。其他画家则赋予自己的绘画一种写实却又梦幻般的品质。还有一些画家则转向抽象艺术。他们所做的尝试不再是展示现实，而是提出这一问题：“艺术是什么？”
Ⅰ.词块默写
1. give a precise definition 给出一个明确的定义
2. be set apart from other paintings
从其他画作中脱颖而出
3. concentrate less on religious themes
较少关注宗教主题
4. adopt a more humanistic attitude to life
对生活采取一种更人性化的态度
5. gain a reputation as a master of shadow and light 获得光影大师的声誉
6. shift from religious themes to people
从宗教主题转向人
7. the subjective impression 主观印象
8. a realistic but dream-like quality
一种写实却又梦幻般的品质
Ⅱ.课文原句默写
1.由于西方艺术风格多种多样，不可能在一篇短文中描述全部。
As there have been so many different styles of Western art， it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.
2.凭借其浓重的色彩和写实主义，一些最好的油画作品看上去与照片相似。
With their deep colours and realism， some of the best oil paintings look like photographs.
3.因此，画家必须找到一种新的方式来看待他们的艺术。
Hence， painters had to find a new way of looking at their art.
4.他力求既展示主题人物的外在形象，又展现其内在的温暖和人性。
He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects， but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
阅读理解
A
According to a recent report， people aged between 16 and 24 make up about 15 percent of the population but only 10 percent of museum-goers.Similarly， people aged over 35 go half as much as you would expect from their population size.We have reached the point of recognizing the disconnection between art and the audience but haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap.Two answers to dealing with this challenge lie in telling a greater diversity of art histories and communicating these stories in much easier ways.
In 2022， a radio program called Art Matters was started with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture viewpoint with topics that would attract younger and more diverse audience.It offers access to art history with conversations on different topics.Art history is about storytelling； art content shines when there is an effort to bring the audience along for the discussion.
More traditional organizations are paying attention.Recently the Getty Museum issued a social-media challenge for people to recreate paintings using items they had at home.To their amazement， users displayed incredible creativity and involvement.This reaction sets an example for other museums and galleries， proving that there is a potential desire for the audience to connect with art topics if the type of activity is appealing.Since many people feel intimidated and think that it requires a base level of understanding to join the conversation， the Getty Museum serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it.
Social media have offered a platform for people who have not traditionally had a seat at the table.Anyone can recognize a gap in the field and address it.Accounts have gathered tens of thousands of followers， which proves that there is hunger to hear these art histories， and these themes work brilliantly for museum programming.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。普通人似乎离艺术很遥远，他们想要参与艺术，但缺乏理解和谈论艺术的渠道，我们需要连接艺术和观众的桥梁。
1.What challenge is the author trying to deal with？（ ）
A.People doubt a great diversity of artworks.
B.Fewer and fewer young people go to museums.
C.Art appears too distant from the common audience.
D.Adult audience has a different understanding of art.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的We have reached the point of recognizing ...the gap.可知，作者尝试去解决的挑战是艺术似乎离普通观众太远。
2.In the author’s opinion， what should the museums and galleries do？（ ）
A.They should recognize the disconnection between art and the audience.
B.They should make the art history stories accessible in a traditional way.
C.They should change meaningfully for activities like the Getty challenge.
D.They should limit the number of storytellers both in and out of organizations.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的This reaction sets an example for other museums ...is appealing.可知，博物馆和画廊应该像盖蒂博物馆的挑战活动一样做出有意义的改变。
3.What does the underlined word “intimidated” in paragraph 3 probably mean？（ ）
A.Tired. B.Annoyed.
C.Surprised. D.Worried.
解析：D 词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词的后半句可知，有些人对参与艺术活动需要基本的理解能力这一点感到担心。因此画线词意为“担心，胆怯”。
4.What conclusion about common audience can we draw from the passage？（ ）
A.They feel satisfied with current museums and galleries.
B.They lack the channels to understand and talk about art history.
C.They refuse to engage with diverse art topics and art history stories.
D.They would rather view artworks and hear art stories on social media.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第四段前两句可知，社交媒体的出现帮助普通人缩短与艺术之间的差距。由此可推知，普通观众缺乏了解和谈论艺术史的渠道。
B
Jim Denevan is an amazing artist whose work is admired by all， but owned by none — that’s because all of Jim’s art is created on an unusual canvas （画布） — the soft sand.He sometimes spends days working on a piece， only to see it washed away by the sea or a storm and that is just the way he likes it.
Denevan discovered his artistic talent about ten years ago， when he was wandering aimlessly on the beach with a stick.He ended up drawing a 12-foot-long fish.Since then，Jim has traveled over 1，800 miles while creating over 600 pieces of sand art.
Over the years， his drawings have become bigger， but the tools he uses haven’t changed — all he needs is a stick， a garden rake （耙）， and most importantly， his lively imagination！
Just like any good artist，Jim is quite particular about the “quality” of his canvas， sometimes walking for miles， in search of perfect sand.His latest piece of work， which is also the world’s largest freelance （自由职业的） drawing， was created in the desert sands of Nevada.It took Jim three trips， eight days and over 100 miles of walking to create this 3-mile work of art.It took the storm just one night to destroy it！However，Jim says he actually enjoys watching the waves or rain wash his paintings away.
Jim’s art has become very popular over the years and was even the topic of a documentary named “Sandman” in 2005.Jim Denevan is not just about art in the sand — he is also an excellent cook and founder of an organization called “Outstanding in the Field”， whose motto （座右铭） is to celebrate food at its source.Accordingly， group dining events are held outdoors on farms， with the diners being treated to a delicious meal.The events， which are held in different farms throughout America， are always sold out the minute the schedule is announced.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了艺术家Jim Denevan以沙滩为画布进行创作，而且他还是一名优秀的厨师和Outstanding in the Field组织的创始人。
5.What do we know about Denevan？（ ）
A.He used to be a cook.
B.He has a gift for creating sand art.
C.He puts his work on show regularly.
D.He showed artistic talent at a very young age.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段内容及第二段首句可知，Denevan有画沙滩画的天赋。
6.What can we learn from the text？（ ）
A.Denevan walks a lot to complete his work.
B.It is not hard for Denevan to find suitable sand.
C.It takes a long time for the storm to destroy Denevan’s work.
D.Denevan is very particular about his drawing tools.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Jim has traveled over 1，800 miles以及第四段内容可知，为了创作，Denevan通常要走很多路。
7.What does Denevan enjoy about his work according to the text？（ ）
A.Walking a long distance.
B.Waiting for the storm to come.
C.Looking for a suitable canvas.
D.Watching nature destroy his work.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段内容和倒数第二段最后一句可知，Denevan喜欢看大自然摧毁他的作品。
8.Which of the following can best describe Denevan？（ ）
A.Generous. B.Open-minded.
C.Imaginative. D.Traditional.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的all he needs is a stick， a garden rake （耙） and most importantly， his lively imagination可知，Denevan是富有想象力的。
核心词汇集释
1.in particular 尤其；特别
教材原句 In particular， his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.他的绘画尤其以逼真的人脸和强烈的情感冲击而与众不同。
【用法】
（1）particular adj. 特殊的；特别的；挑剔的 n. 细节；详情 be particular about/over sth 对……讲究/挑剔 （2）particularly adv. 尤其；特别
【佳句】 As we all know， the British are rather particular about/over table manners.
众所周知，英国人相当讲究餐桌礼仪。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The professor was very particular about the accuracy of data in our research.
②She loves all genres of music， but she is particularly （particular） fond of jazz.
【写美】 完成句子
③会议讨论了全球环境问题，尤其关注气候变化的影响。
The conference discussed global environmental issues， in particular focusing on the impact of climate change .
2.set apart from 使与众不同；使突出；使优于……
【用法】
set off 动身；出发；引爆；引发 set up 建立；引起 set down 写下；放下 set out （to do sth） 出发；开始（做某事） set about （doing sth） 开始；着手（做某事） set aside 留出时间
【佳句】 He had a particular voice， which set him apart from others in our class.
他的嗓音很特别，这使他在我们班与众不同。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The sudden noise set off a chain reaction of panic in the crowded theater.
②The historian set down his observations in a journal， ensuring future generations could learn from them.
【写美】 完成句子
③黎明时分，探险家们踏上了穿越沙漠的旅程。
At dawn， the explorers set out on their journey across the desert .
3.influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的
教材原句 Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci （1452－1519）， Michelangelo （1475－1564）， and Raphael （1483－1520） built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇、米开朗琪罗和拉斐尔，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创作出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。
【用法】
influence n.& vt. 影响 influence sb to do sth 影响某人做某事 have an influence on/upon 对……有影响 under one’s influence 在某人的影响下
【佳句】 And yet they shared an intense respect for nature， which made them each an influential figure of their time. （外研选必三）
然而，他们都非常尊重自然，这使得他们在各自时代都成为有影响力的人物。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Confucius remains one of the most influential （influence） philosophers in Chinese history.
②The artist’s early works were created under the influence of Impressionism.
【写美】 完成句子
③文艺复兴时期大师们对人文主义的尊重不仅定义了他们的时代，也对西方艺术产生了几个世纪的影响。
The Renaissance masters’ respect for humanism not only defined their era but also had an influence on Western art for centuries .
4.rank n.地位；级别；行列vt.& vi.把……分等级；使排成行
教材原句 Kings， nobles， and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved.国王、贵族和地位显赫的人都想购买自己及其所爱之人的精确画像。
【用法】
（1）rank ...as ... 将……分等级 rank high/low 排名靠前/靠后 be ranked fourth/number four 排名第四 （2）ranking n. 地位；排名
【佳句】 Learning that you ranked first in the English speech competition held last week， I am writing to offer my sincere congratulations. （祝贺信）
得知你在上周举行的英语演讲比赛中获得第一名，我写信表示衷心的祝贺。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Congratulations on your school’s impressive ranking （rank） in the national science competition！
②Our school’s basketball team was ranked （rank） fourth in the provincial tournament last year.
【写美】 完成句子
③世界卫生组织将空气污染列为首要的环境健康风险，敦促各国政府立即采取行动。
The World Health Organization ranks air pollution as the top environmental health risk ， urging governments to take immediate action.
5.convey vt.表达；传递（思想、感情等）；传送
教材原句 In this work， Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene — the subjective impression the scene gave him — but not a detailed record of the scene itself.
在这幅作品里，莫奈的目的是传递场景中的光与运动——即场景给予他的主观印象，而非对场景本身的一种具体记录。
【用法】
convey sth to sb 向某人表达/传递某物 convey sb/sth from A to B 把某人/某物从A地运送到B地 convey ...to sb for ...因……向某人表示……
【佳句】 I’m writing to convey my heartfelt gratitude to you for your kind help and tender care. （感谢信）
我写信是向您表示衷心的感谢，感谢您的友好帮助和亲切照顾。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I propose conveying students’ suggestions to the school council for further discussion on cafeteria improvements.
【写美】 完成句子
②通过这个奖项，我们旨在向医务工作者做出的牺牲表示我们最深切的感谢。
Through this award， we aim to convey our deepest gratitude to the medical workers for their sacrifices.
重点句型解构
1.句型公式：while 引导状语从句
教材原句 While his paintings still had religious themes， they showed real people in a real environment.
尽管他的绘画仍是宗教主题，但展示了真实环境中的真实人物。
【用法】
（1）while意为“尽管，虽然”时，引导让步状语从句； （2）while意为“当……时候”时，引导时间状语从句； （3）while意为“然而，可是”时，连接两个并列句，表示对比关系。
【品悟】 While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement， others raise moral concerns. （北师大选必三）
尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。
【写美】 完成句子
①尽管科技带来便利，但它也减少了面对面交流。
While technology brings convenience ， it also reduces face-to-face communication.
②老师讲解诗歌时，学生们认真记笔记。
While the teacher was explaining the poem ， students took notes attentively.
③尽管西式快餐受欢迎，但中华传统饮食依然不可替代。
While Western fast food is popular ， traditional Chinese cuisine remains irreplaceable.
2.句型公式：not just/only ...but ...不仅……而且……
教材原句 He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects， but their inner warmth and humanity as well.他力求既展示主题人物的外在形象，又展现其内在的温暖和人性。
【用法】
（1）not just/only ...but ...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”，即谓语动词在数和人称上要与邻近的主语一致。类似的用法还有： neither ...nor ... 既不……也不…… either ...or ... 要么……要么…… not ...but ... 不是……而是…… （2）not only ...but （also） ...连接两个句子且not only位于句首时，句子用部分倒装， but （also）连接的部分不倒装。
【品悟】 This experience not only prompted me to make new friends， but it also laid the foundation for my membership in the school baseball team.
这段经历不仅促使我结交了新朋友，也为我加入校棒球队奠定了基础。
【写美】 完成句子
①根据环境报告，新政策既未减少碳排放，也未改善空气质量。
The new policy neither reduces carbon emissions nor improves air quality ， according to environmental reports.
②志愿经历不仅开阔了我的视野，也从根本上重塑了我的价值观。
Not only did the volunteer experience broaden my horizons ， but it also fundamentally reshaped my values.
③博物馆的价值不在于参观人数，而在于保存集体记忆的力量。
The value of museums lies not in their visitor numbers but in their power to preserve collective memory.
3.句型公式：what 引导名词性从句
教材原句 What they attempted to do was no longer show reality， but instead to ask the question，“What is art？”他们所做的尝试不再是展示现实，而是提出这一问题：“艺术是什么？”
【用法】
（1）what引导名词性从句时可用作主语、宾语或表语，意为“……的东西或事情，……的人或样子，……的数量或数目，……的时间，……的地方”。 （2）有些what引导的名词性从句在结构上相当于“名词＋定语从句”。
【品悟】 On the other hand， what we learn online isn’t necessarily what we need， not to mention its constant damage to our eyes.
另一方面，我们在网上学到的东西不一定是我们需要的，更别提它不断伤害我们的眼睛了。
【写美】 完成句子
①他的手指颤抖，不是因为寒冷，而是因为信封里可能装着的东西——那些可能粉碎他最后希望的话。
His fingers trembled， not because of the cold， but because of what the envelope might contain — the words that could shatter his last hope.
②她生日想要的只是一辆新自行车。
What she wanted for her birthday was just a new bike.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The sculptor has a good reputation because of his striking sculptures.
2.The new laptop my friend purchased from the website last Sunday was out of order and a disappointed look emerged on his face.
3.To be honest， I in particular prefer his subsequent works to his previous ones.
4.My client described what had happened precisely （精确地） to him.
5.He offers some precise information on how to build a model in three dimensions （维）.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1. While skating on the ice （滑冰时）， the boy lost his balance and had a bad fall.
2.My dream is to become a doctor （成为一名医生） after my graduation from university.
3. It is hard to think of/imagine （很难想象） a world without metals.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.He was an upright and noble （高贵的） man who was always willing to help in any way he could.
2.She has dropped to third in the world rankings （排名）.
3.One of my clients （客户） made a complaint， which made me upset.
4.Not only am I interested in photography （摄影）， but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.
5.Many years ago， if you wanted a recording of a song， you would have to purchase （购买） it from a music store.
6.It is very important for the company to establish a good reputation .
7.I hold the firm belief that we can make a great breakthrough in the treatment of cancer.
8.Viewed from the top of Mount Tai， the sunrise was indeed a spectacle.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The way Simon expressed his opinion was too subjective （subject）.
2.I think it will help shape a realistic （real） and serious attitude to life.
3.Electricity lines to 30，000 homes were gradually （gradual） being restored yesterday.
4.His sudden emergence （emerge） gave me a big surprise.
5.I enjoyed the songs very much， particularly （particular） the last one.
6. Subsequently （subsequent）， the new mayor gave a short speech to the citizens.
7.The meeting starts at 2 o’clock precisely （precise） every Friday afternoon.
8.In that situation， I had to look for an influential （influence） figure to help me out.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1. What is known to us all （众所周知） is that traditional Chinese painting is the art of painting on a piece of xuan paper or silk with a Chinese brush.
2. It is ranked as （它被列为） one of the three treasures of Chinese culture.
3.Based on the subject （that/which） it conveys to viewers （它传达给观众的）， it can be classified into three types： landscape painting， figure painting， and flowers and birds painting.
4. Not only does Chinese painting beautify people’s lives （中国画不仅美化了人们的生活）， but it also brings artistic enjoyment to people.
5.Thus， it has a great influence on Chinese people （对中国人有很大的影响）.
Ⅳ.一词多义/熟词生义
快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思
1.rank
A.v.把……分等级 B.n.军衔 C.n.地位
①She was not used to mixing with people of high social rank. C
②He was soon promoted to the rank of captain. B
③Tsinghua University is ranked number one in China for engineering. A
快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加蓝词汇的意思
2.When checking out at the counter， the man found his credit card lost， so he had to give up the purchase. 购买的东西
3.Having fun is just one dimension of the spring break. 方面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Inakadate is considered the home of Tanbo art， a rice field art form.Its story as a world-renowned tourist destination began in the early 1990s， when local authorities realized that youths were moving to large urban centers continuously， and started brainstorming for ways of reviving （复兴） the village.One of the proposed ideas was an art form inspired by the local’s traditional rice farming， done by hand for hundreds of years.Tanbo art involved the use of rice varieties of different colors to turn local rice fields into giant canvases for complicated designs that revealed their beauty when viewed from above.
The first rice field artwork was unveiled in 1993， when purple and yellow rice plants were used to create a detailed picture of Mt.Iwaki — the highest mountain in Aomori — along with easily recognized characters.A viewing platform was set up somewhere above the rice field， from which people could admire the unique artwork in all its glory.The project was so successful that Inakadate authorities decided to turn it into a yearly event.
To create the impressively massive rice field artworks， locals use a technique which involves surveying the rice fields， perspective drawing （透视绘图）， and the handmade plantation of various types of rice plants to create the desired visual effect.Tanbo art has come a long way in the last three decades， with designs gradually becoming larger and more complicated.
Many locals say that Tanbo art has saved Inakadate， bringing in impressive numbers of people from all over the world and boosting the local economy.According to Cool Japan， around 200，000 people flocked to Inakadate to see its unique artworks in 2006， and by 2016 that number had ballooned to around 340，000.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Tanbo稻田艺术形式，它极大地促进了当地旅游业的发展。
1.Why was the idea of Tanbo art proposed？（ ）
A.To promote the local rice brand.
B.To breathe new life into the village.
C.To publicize the traditional rice planting.
D.To appeal to youths to start new business.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，当时地方当局意识到年轻人不断向大城市中心迁移，所以他们开始集思广益，探寻复兴这个村庄的方法。因此提出Tanbo艺术概念的目的是为村庄注入新活力。
2.What does the underlined word “unveiled” in paragraph 2 mean？（ ）
A.Painted. B.Selected.
C.Discovered. D.Displayed.
解析：D 词义猜测题。根据第二段内容可知，第一件稻田艺术品于1993年被unveiled，当时人们用紫色和黄色的水稻植株绘制了细致的图片，人们可以在上方的观景台欣赏它。由此推测，画线词表示“展示”。
3.Which of the following best describes the technique used in Tanbo art？（ ）
A.Cutting-edge. B.Traditional.
C.Multi-field. D.Unique.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，为了创造令人印象深刻的巨大的稻田艺术品，当地人使用了一种技术，包括测量稻田、透视绘图以及手工种植各种类型的水稻，以创造期望的视觉效果。由此可推知，Tanbo艺术中使用的技巧是多领域的。
B
Like so many， my journey as an artist started at a very young age.I can see now as my youngest child is in his second year of primary school just how early it must have been within me.There are so many similarities.He is always so meticulous （一丝不苟的） about his work and integrates some kind of drawing.I remember doing this as a child， spending hours on a drawing for no other reason than being buried in the art.As a child， I remember being drawn by the smell and feel of a fresh packet of pencils.My creative nature stayed with me during school but not overly so， and as I was becoming an adult， I remember being told that I needed to “find something that I loved to do” when deciding on the next step.From there I became a graphic designer and shifted to web design back in the day when it was a very specialised field.
Naturally I was spending lots of time on the Internet， so it was there that I looked and came across an online forum （论坛） of artists and within that I got to know a group of coloured pencil artists who had posted tutorials online of how to work with pencils.I took one look at a few of those well-known artists’ works and it was there that my love affair with pencils began.
After a year or so I decided that I wanted to connect with other American coloured pencil artists， decided to put my web skills to the task and built a website sharing my coloured pencil findings.With that came the American Coloured Pencils Network （ACPN）.I am proud of the achievement and have made some excellent online American pencil friends.Involvement has dwindled slightly in the past year with the arrival of other social media websites， but I am still passionate about making coloured pencil art grow into its next phase.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者自小就喜欢艺术，想当艺术家，后来却找了一份网络设计的工作。作者在工作中偶遇一些著名的彩色铅笔画艺术家，从此喜欢上了这门艺术并想把它发扬光大。
4.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of primary school？（ ）
A.Cool. B.Outgoing.
C.Curious. D.Painstaking.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第一段中的I remember doing this as a child， spending hours on a drawing for no other reason than being buried in the art.可知，作者孩童时期，经常花几个小时画画，由此推断，作者是一个勤勉努力的人。
5.What made the author fascinated with the coloured pencil art？（ ）
A.Her creative nature.
B.Works of famous artists.
C.A fashionable web design.
D.An online forum of pencils.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段末句可知，作者看到了一些非常棒的艺术家的作品，受此启发，开始喜欢彩色铅笔画。
6.Why did the author create the ACPN？（ ）
A.To show off her achievement.
B.To compete with other websites.
C.To find a like-minded artist friend.
D.To display her remarkable web skills.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第三段前两句可推知，作者建立ACPN的目的之一是与其他彩色铅笔画艺术家建立联系，成为志同道合的朋友。
7.What does the underlined word “dwindled” in the last paragraph mean？（ ）
A.Declined. B.Started.
C.Increased. D.Combined.
解析：A 词义猜测题。根据文章最后一句可知，这里使用but连接作者对彩色铅笔艺术的高涨热情，因此上半句表明作者的参与度是下降的。由此可以推知，画线词意为“下降，减少”。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Every time we open a magazine， turn on the TV， or drive past a billboard， we see how far our personal reality is from the standard publicized by the media.8.（ ） Here are some thoughts that help you embrace your true beauty.
Look around you.
Take a good look at the people in your life that you love — your parents， your siblings， and your close friends.It’s likely that most of them aren’t as beautiful as public figures， and yet， are they not beautiful to you？Look at the familiar faces， the warm smiles， the kind gestures， the comforting bodies and arms that embrace you.9.（ ） You see them as truly beautiful people — and they view you the same way.
Stop struggling.
There are some elements of our faces and bodies we simply cannot change.10.（ ） Struggles and resistance do nothing but push further away from recognizing our true beauty.
11.（ ）
Sometimes we become so disconnected from our true beauty that we neglect and mistreat our bodies， further making us less confident.But as you begin to treat your body more lovingly， you will feel better mentally and physically， affording the clarity to recognize your true inner and outer beauty.Feed your body with nutritious foods.Move your body through exercise every day for at least twenty to thirty minutes.12.（ ）
As Kahlil Gibran said，“Beauty is not in face；beauty is a light in the heart.” Allow the light in your heart to shine for yourself and others， and in so doing， your entire being will glow with a fire of beauty.
A.Take care of your body.
B.Ignore those looking ugly.
C.Break the bad habits that are harming your body.
D.Beauty is the best version of yourself， inside and out.
E.Each person has an inner beauty that makes them who they are.
F.Rather than struggling against these things， accept them with love.
G.But “true beauty” is much more than having a model-perfect appearance.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了一些可以帮助你拥抱真正美丽的建议。
8.G 根据空前一句可知，我们与媒体宣传的美的标准相差甚远。G项（但“真正的美丽”并不仅仅是拥有完美的模特外表）符合语境，与上文为转折关系，且引起下文。
9.E 根据上文可知，他们中的大多数人虽然没有完美的外表，但是他们的内在美也让他们看起来很美。E项（每个人都有内在美，这让他们成为自己）符合语境。
10.F 根据空后一句可知，挣扎和抗拒只会让我们远离真正的美。F项（与其和这些事情作斗争，不如用爱去接受它们）符合语境，其中struggling是原词复现。
11.A 此空是段落小标题，根据下文可知，整段都在强调要爱护自己的身体，并围绕此话题展开。A项（照顾好自己的身体）符合语境。
12.C 上文提到的都是照顾好自己身体的好习惯。C项（改掉那些伤害你身体的坏习惯）符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
Taylor opened her sleepy eyes and looked out of the window at the field below.“NO！” she cried， now fully 13 .Buttermilk， the cow was in Mama’s daisy patch （雏菊地）.“I must have forgotten to close the gate last night，” Taylor thought， as she 14 a sweatshirt over her head.Mama was planning to sell daisy bunches at the fair next week. 15 ，Buttermilk was eating the flowers.
“What’s going on？” Mama asked.She looked 16 at her garden.
“I forgot to close the 17 to the garden，” Taylor said.“I’m so sorry.”
Mama sighed and gave Taylor a hug.Taylor’s heart was 18 as she went back into the house.She had to think of a way to 19 for it to her mother.A painting on the wall caught Taylor’s eye.“That’s it，” she 20 .
Taylor raced 21 .She grabbed her art supplies and sat down at her desk， looking out of the window at the 22 daisies below.As her brush moved smoothly across the paper， daisies 23 .Taylor made one painting after another.The morning of the fair，Dad 24 daisy bunches into the van.“That’s half the number I usually have，” Mama said.
“Mama，” said Taylor，“I have a 25 for you upstairs.” When they reached Taylor’s bedroom，Taylor opened the door.Daisy’s paintings were everywhere， bright and 26 in the morning light.
“Do you think anyone will 27 them？” Taylor asked.Mama smiled，“Oh， sweetie， yes.I’m sure they will.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Taylor忘记关上花园的门，奶牛破坏了妈妈打算在集市上售卖的雏菊。Taylor为了弥补过错，在楼上画了很多雏菊的画，在集市那天给了妈妈一个惊喜。
13.A.available B.awake
C.astonished D.awesome
解析：B 文章首句提到Taylor睡眼惺忪，结合she cried可知，此时她已经完全清醒了。
14.A.planned B.pushed
C.pulled D.watched
解析：C 根据a sweatshirt over her head可知，此处指她把一件运动衫套在头上。
15.A.Regardless B.Plus
C.Meanwhile D.However
解析：D 根据上文Mama was planning to sell daisy bunches at the fair next week.可知，妈妈打算下周在集市上售卖雏菊花束，而现在奶牛正在吃雏菊花，前后为转折关系。
16.A.happily B.importantly
C.elegantly D.sadly
解析：D 根据语境可知，妈妈看到花被奶牛破坏，应是感到悲伤。
17.A.door B.window
C.fence D.field
解析：A 根据上文I must have forgotten to close the gate last night可知，Taylor忘记关花园的门了。
18.A.light B.heavy
C.free D.hard
解析：B 根据上文可知，因为Taylor忘记关门，花园的雏菊被奶牛破坏，所以Taylor的心情应是很沉重。
19.A.break up B.make up
C.pick up D.take up
解析：B 根据下文Taylor给妈妈画雏菊可知，Taylor打算想办法弥补。make up for弥补。
20.A.prayed B.submitted
C.whispered D.doubted
解析：C 根据语境可知，此处指Taylor小声说道。
21.A.upstairs B.outside
C.downstairs D.inside
解析：A 根据下文looking out ... daisies below 可知，她看着下面的雏菊，所以Taylor应是跑上楼，下文的upstairs也是提示。
22.A.promoting B.attaching
C.celebrating D.remaining
解析：D 根据上文可知，奶牛吃掉了一些雏菊，所以此处指看着剩下的雏菊。
23.A.came alive B.came across
C.came true D.came out
解析：A 根据语境可知，此处指Taylor画的雏菊栩栩如生。
24.A.equipped B.preserved
C.loaded D.unfolded
解析：C 根据into the van可知，爸爸把雏菊花束装进货车。
25.A.manner B.surprise
C.comparison D.movement
解析：B 根据语境可知，Taylor在楼上画了很多雏菊，想给妈妈一个惊喜。
26.A.cheerful B.careful
C.useful D.grateful
解析：A 根据and可知，空处和bright并列， cheerful符合语境。
27.A.sell B.carve
C.plant D.purchase
解析：D 根据上文可知，Taylor画画是为了弥补被破坏的雏菊，所以是用来卖的，此处是问会不会有人买。
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