Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Pre-reading
Before reading the passage， answer the following questions.
Have you ever tried to correct one bad habit？ How？ What was the result？
While-reading
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Part 1（Para.1） A.How to change bad habits and create good ones.
Part 2（Para.2） B.The cycle of how habits are formed.
Part 3
（Paras.3－4） C.Changing bad habits
gradually.
Part 4（Para.5） D.No easy way to change bad habits.
Part 5（Para.6） E.What a habit is.
Part 6（Para.7） F.Why bad teenage habits
should be changed.
2.What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A.What a habit is.
B.Why bad habits should be changed.
C.How to change bad habits and create good ones.
D.What the “habit cycle” is.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What should teenagers first do to prevent harmful habits from dominating their lives？（ ）
A.Stay away from bad habits.
B.Recognise bad habits.
C.Think out ways to get rid of them.
D.Change themselves.
2.How does the author develop this paragraph？（ ）
A.By making comparisons.
B.By citing quotations.
C.By giving examples.
D.By listing numbers.
3.What does the second paragraph mainly tell us？（ ）
A.How we can get rid of bad habits.
B.How bad habits are formed.
C.How we can make a choice.
D.Why choices can become automatic.
4.What does “magic pill” in the last paragraph mean？（ ）
A.A kind of medicine.
B.A pill eaten by a patient.
C.A way to solve all problems.
D.A medicine to cure all illnesses.
5.What kind of attitude does the author hold to change bad habits？（ ）
A.Negative. B.Sad.
C.Doubtful. D.Positive.
第三步：辨难句拆分解读
1.These bad habits， if left unchecked， could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
句式分析： 是主句；when引导 从句；if left unchecked是条件状语从句的省略结构，完整形式为 。
自主翻译：
2.The good news is that we can change， if we understand how habits work.
句式分析：that引导 从句，在表语从句中if引导 从句；how habits work是宾语从句。
自主翻译：
3.For example， when we come to an escalator （cue）， our normal routine is to ride it， but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.
句式分析：when引导 从句；but连接 。
自主翻译：
Post-reading
第一步：抒己见提升思维
Work in groups and put forward practical advice on how to break bad habits and create good ones for a healthy lifestyle.（The answers may vary.）
第二步：课文语法填空
As teenagers grow up，they become more independent and start making their own decisions.However， during this period， it can be easy 1. some of them to form bad habits.These bad habits， if 2. （leave） unchecked， could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.To change bad habits is never easy， even with many 3. （attempt）.The good news is that we can change our bad habits if we understand 4. habits work.
To facilitate 5. positive change in our bad habits，we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.We can do this by 6. （combine） the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas.We can also use the habit cycle 7. （create） good habits.Many of us try to change bad habits quickly， and if we are not successful straight away， we often become pessimistic and give up.In fact， the most successful way to change is not suddenly， 8. over a period of time.To reach the goal of change， a person must 9. （repeated） take many small steps.
Young people have the power to build a happy and 10. （health） life full of good habits！
HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
[1]As teenagers grow up， they become more independent① and start making their own decisions②.However， during this period， [2]it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits. These bad habits， [3]if left unchecked③， could lead to④ more serious ones when they become adults.For example， some of them may become involved⑤ in tobacco⑥ or alcohol⑦ abuse⑧，[4]which can lead to physical⑨ and mental health problems.[5]To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating⑩ a teenager’s life is essential .They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes .
[1]As teenagers grow up是时间状语从句；they become ...decisions是主句；making their own decisions是动词-ing短语作动词start的宾语。
[2]it是形式主语；for some of them to form bad habits是动词不定式复合结构，作真正的主语。
[3]条件状语从句的省略，if后面省略了they are。
[4]which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。
[5]To prevent ... life是动词不定式短语作主语，本句相当于It is essential to prevent ...life。
[6]To change bad habits is never easy， even with many attempts .There is a famous saying [7]based on the philosophy of Aristotle：“We are [8]what we repeatedly do.” In many ways， our lifestyle is the sum of choices [9]we have made.We make a choice [10]to do something， and then we repeat it over and over again .Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit [11]that is much harder to change.[12]The good news is that we can change， if we understand how habits work.
[6]动词不定式短语作主语。
[7]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a famous saying。
[8]what 引导表语从句，在从句中作do的宾语。
[9]we have made是省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词choices。
[10]动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名词choice。
[11]that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词a habit。
[12]that引导表语从句；if引导条件状语从句；how habits work是宾语从句。
According to modern psychology ， we must first learn about the “habit cycle ”， [13]which works like this：
·Firstly， [14]there is a “cue ”， an action， event， or situation that acts as a signal to do something.
·Secondly， [15]there is a “routine ”， the regular action you take in response to the cue.
·Thirdly， [16]there is the “reward ”， the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
For example， when we feel unhappy （cue）， we eat lots of unhealthy snacks （routine）， [17]which makes us feel happy （reward）.[18]The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle， and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
①independent adj.独立的
independence n.独立；自主
②make a decision作决定
③unchecked adj.不加约束的；不受限制的；放任的
④lead to导致；通向
⑤involved adj.有关的；卷入的
be/become involved in ...参与……
⑥tobacco n.烟草；烟叶
⑦alcohol n.酒；酒精
⑧abuse n.滥用；虐待；辱骂
vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
⑨physical adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的
physically adv.身体上地
⑩dominate vt.& vi.支配；控制；占有优势
essential adj.必要的；本质的
make appropriate changes
作出适当的改变
attempt n.& vt.企图；尝试
attempt to do sth＝make an attempt to do sth企图做某事
（be） based on
以……为基础
repeatedly adv.重复地
repeat vt.重复
over and over again一再地；反复地
automatic adj.自动的；无意识的
automatically adv.自动地；无意识地
psychology n.心理学；心理；心理影响
cycle n.循环；周期
cue n.提示；暗示；信号
vt.给（某人）暗示（或提示）
act as 担任；充当
a signal to do sth
做某事的信号
routine n.常规；惯常行为
adj.常规的；日常的
in response to 回答；答复
reward n.回报；奖励；报酬vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
unhealthy adj.不健康的
rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖
rely on 依赖；依靠；信赖
[13]which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the “habit cycle”。
[14]there is a “cue”是句子主干；an action ...situation是同位语，对cue的内容进行解释说明；that引导定语从句，修饰前面的同位语。
[15]there is a “routine”是句子主干；the regular action是同位语；you take ...cue是定语从句，修饰先行词action。
[16]there is the “reward”是句子主干；the good thing or feeling是同位语；we get from the routine是定语从句，修饰先行词thing or feeling。
[17]which 引导非限制性定语从句；feel happy是省略to的动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。
[18]The reward是主语，makes是谓语，us是宾语，to continue the cycle是动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。
[19]To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits， we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.We can do this by [20]combining the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas.For example， we could try [21]to replace a negative routine with something more positive.So， when we feel unhappy again （cue）， rather than eat snacks， we could listen to some of our favourite music instead （routine）， [22]which will make us feel relaxed （reward）. Aside from [23]changing bad habits， we can also use the habit cycle [24]to create good habits.For example， when we come to an escalator （cue）， our normal routine is [25]to ride it， but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.
[19]动词不定式短语To facilitate ...habits作目的状语，must examine和（must） try是并列谓语，to adapt them是动词不定式短语作try的宾语。
[20]动词-ing短语作介词by的宾语。
[21]动词不定式短语作动词try的宾语。
[22]which引导非限制性定语从句，feel relaxed是省略to的动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。
[23]动词-ing短语作介词from的宾语。
[24]动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[25]动词不定式短语作表语。
Many of us try [26]to change bad habits quickly， and if we are not successful straight away ， we often become pessimistic and give up .In fact， the most successful way [27]to change is not suddenly， but over a period of time.[28]As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote，“A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” One step seems small， but it is essential.[29]To reach the goal of change， a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps.After all ， [30]it is not easy to break bad habits.
[26]动词不定式短语作动词try的宾语。
[27]动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词way。
[28]As引导定语从句，指代后面主句的内容。
[29]动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[30]it是形式主语，to break bad habits是动词不定式短语作真正的主语。
For young people， there is plenty of time [31]to change bad habits.However， there is no “magic pill ” or delete button [32]that will help you； you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.You have the power [33]to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits！
[31]动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名词time。
[32]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词“magic pill” or delete button。
[33]to build a ... habits是动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名词power； full of good habits是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰名词life。
facilitate vt.促进；促使；使便利
facilitate economic growth
促进经济增长
examine vt.（仔细）检查；审查；测验
adapt vt.使适应；改编
adapt to ...适应……
combine ...with ...
把……和……结合起来
negative adj.消极的；有害的；否定的
positive adj.积极的，正面的
replace ...with ...
用……代替……
rather than而不是
relaxed adj.放松的，自在的
relaxing adj.令人放松的
relax v.（使）放松
aside from除……以外
escalator n.自动扶梯；
滚梯
straight away立即；马上
pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的
optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的
give up放弃
discipline n.自制力；纪律；学科vt.自我控制；管教；处罚
after all终究；毕竟
plenty of大量；很多
pill n.药丸；药片
delete v.删去；删除
delete button 删除键
decide on决定；选定
健康的生活方式需养成的习惯 在成长过程中，青少年会变得越来越独立，并且开始自己做决定。然而，在这一时期，他们中的一部分人容易养成不良习惯。如果任其发展，在他们长大成人后，这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。他们必须学会早早认清不良习惯并作出适当的改变。 改变不良习惯从来都不是一件容易的事情，即使你三番五次地尝试。有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道：“重复的行为造就了我们。”从很多方面看，我们的生活方式是我们所作出的选择的总和。我们选择做某件事，接着我们反反复复地做这件事。不久之后，这项选择就变得自然而然，成为一种更加难以改变的习惯。好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是怎么运作的，我们就可以作出改变。 根据现代心理学，我们必须首先了解“习惯循环”，其工作原理如下： ·第一是“触发因素”，即一个行动、事件或状况，充当要做某事的讯号。 ·第二是“惯常行为”，即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。 ·第三是“回报”，即我们从惯常行为中获得的美好事物或感受。 例如，当我们感到不高兴时（触发因素），我们会吃很多不健康零食（惯常行为），这让我们感到快乐（回报）。这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这一不良习惯。 想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转化，我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环，然后尽力去调整。为了做到这一点，我们可以把来自我们不良习惯循环的信息与我们自己的积极想法结合起来。例如，我们可以试着将一个消极的惯常行为替换为一个更积极的东西。因此，当我们再次感到不高兴时（触发因素），我们可以听几首自己最喜爱的音乐（惯常行为），而不是吃零食，这会使我们感到放松（回报）。除了改变不良习惯之外，我们还可以利用习惯循环来养成良好的习惯。例如，当我们走到电梯前的时候（触发因素），我们的惯常行为是乘坐电梯，但是我们可以改为走楼梯，从而将上述惯常行为改变为一个更积极的事情。 我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们往往变得悲观，继而放弃。事实上，改变不良习惯的最佳方法不是一蹴而就，而是需要一段时间。正如中国哲学家老子所说：“千里之行，始于足下。”一步似乎很小，却至关重要。为了实现改变这一目标，一个人必须展示出一定程度的自制力，不断地迈出许多小步。毕竟，戒除不良习惯并非易事。 对年轻人来说，有大量的时间可以改变不良习惯。然而，能帮助你的“魔力丸”或删除键并不存在；你必须思考自己的不良习惯，选定一些作出改变。你有能力构建一种充满良好习惯的快乐、健康的生活！
Ⅰ.词块默写
1. 变得更加独立
2. 沉溺于烟酒不能自拔
3. 造成生理和心理健康问题
4. 作出适当的改变
5. 响应触发因素
6. 促进积极的改变
7. 使我们感到放松
8. 把这种惯常行为改变为一个更积极的事情
9. 不断地迈出许多小步
10. 建立一种快乐、健康的生活
Ⅱ.课文原句默写
1.在成长过程中，青少年会变得越来越独立，并且开始自己做决定。
2.他们必须学会早早认清不良习惯并作出适当的改变。
3.好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是怎么运作的，我们就可以作出改变。
4.想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转化，我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环，然后尽力去调整。
5.为了实现改变这一目标，一个人必须展示出一定程度的自制力，不断地迈出许多小步。
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 2 Section Ⅰ （1）
核心词汇集释
1.in response to 回答；答复；作为……的答复
教材原句 Secondly， there is a “routine”， the regular action you take in response to the cue.
第二是“惯常行为”，即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。
【用法】
（1）response n.（口头的或书面的）回答，回复；反应
positive/favourable/negative response
积极的/有利的/消极的反应
（2）respond vi.（口头或书面）回答；响应
respond to 回答；响应
respond by doing sth 以……方式回应
【佳句】 I am writing to give a brief introduction to Peking Opera in response to your request.
应你的请求，我写信简要介绍一下京剧。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①In response food waste， schools have installed smart dustbins， reducing cafeteria trash by 40%.
【写美】 完成句子
②你对我信件的积极回应使我感到莫大的安慰。
brings me great comfort.
2.reward n.回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
教材原句 Thirdly， there is the “reward”， the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
第三是“回报”，即我们从惯常行为中获得的美好事物或感受。
【用法】
（1）as a reward （for ...） 作为（对……的）报酬/奖赏
in reward for 为酬谢……；作为……的奖励
（2）reward sb for sth 因某事而奖赏某人
reward sb with sth 用某物奖励/回报某人
（3）rewarding adj.值得做的；有益的；有意义的
【佳句】 After hearing my words， my mum felt more than happy and kissed my cheek， giving the biggest apple to me as a reward.
听了我的话后，妈妈非常高兴，吻了吻我的脸颊，给了我最大的苹果作为奖励。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The school now rewards students for creative problem-solving digital badges.
②It is a very （reward） exercise to work this out oneself.
【写美】 完成句子
③为酬谢他的善意，我给了他200美元。
， I offered him $200.
④赢得这场比赛正是该团队付出努力应得的回报。
Winning the match the team had made.
3.rely on 依赖；依靠；信赖
教材原句 The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle， and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这一不良习惯。
【用法】
（1）rely on/upon （doing） sth 依赖/信任/指望（做）某事
rely on/upon sb to do sth 指望/相信某人做某事
rely on/upon it that ...相信……；指望……
（2）reliable adj. 可信赖的；可依靠的
【佳句】 Nowadays， we rely increasingly on computers for help/to help us.
现今，我们越来越依赖计算机协助工作。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①A （rely） friend will always be there for you when you are in trouble.
②We should rely our own efforts to overcome difficulties instead of always seeking others’ help.
【写美】 完成句子
③我们应该相信，努力和决心能够带来成功。
We that hard work and determination can lead to success.
4.aside from 除……以外
教材原句 Aside from changing bad habits， we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits.
除了改变不良习惯之外，我们还可以利用习惯循环来养成良好的习惯。
【用法】
aside from为介词短语，相当于apart from，后接名词、代词、动词-ing形式作宾语，用法如下：
（1）表示“除了……外还……”，相当于besides/in addition to；
（2）表示“除了……外都……”，相当于except for。
【写美】 完成句子
除了我的学业以外，我还总是设法找时间做我所感兴趣的事情。
， I always manage to find time for what I’m interested in.
5.straight away 立即；马上
教材原句 Many of us try to change bad habits quickly， and if we are not successful straight away， we often become pessimistic and give up.
我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们往往变得悲观，继而放弃。
【用法】
“立刻，马上”的其他表达：
right away right now
at once in no time
【佳句】 When he saw the fire， he called 119 straight away.当他看到大火时，立即拨打了119。
【写美】 完成句子
我弟弟察觉到我十分尴尬，立即过来帮我。
Sensing that I was quite embarrassed，my younger brother came to my assistance .
6.decide on 决定；选定
教材原句 ...you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.
……你必须思考自己的不良习惯，选定一些作出改变。
【用法】
（1）decide on/upon （doing） sth 决定（做）某事
decide to do sth 决定做某事
作出决定
【佳句】 ①I am trying to decide on what major I will study at university， and writing in the hope that you can guide me in my options.我正在努力决定我将在大学学习什么专业，写信希望您能指导我的选择。
②Her decision to retire surprised us all.
她退休的决定，让我们所有人都感到惊讶。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Now that I have become a senior student， I have decided （study） hard to get into a good university.
②We need to decide a suitable topic for our research project as soon as possible.
【写美】 完成句子
③当你面临如此多的选择时，确实难以做出决定。
when you are faced with so many choices.
重点句型解构
1.句型公式：状语从句的省略
教材原句 These bad habits， if left unchecked， could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.如果任其发展，在他们长大成人后，这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。
【用法】
when、 whenever、 wherever、 if、 while、 before、 after、 unless、 as等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或状语从句中的主语为it时，通常省略从句中的主语和be动词。
【品悟】 Therefore，I can explain the relevant information about Chinese painting if necessary.因此，如果有必要，我可以解释有关中国画的相关信息。
【写美】 完成句子
①只要有可能，你就应该来帮忙。
， you should come and help.
②无论哪里需要，他总是乐于助人。
， he is always ready to help others. （人物介绍）
③如果是真的，这会给我们带来很多麻烦。
， this will cause us a lot of trouble.
2.句型公式：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
教材原句 The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle， and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这一不良习惯。
【用法】
（1）常用于此结构中的动词还有think、 believe、 find、 consider、 feel等，可以用作宾语补足语的有形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等。
（2）在“make＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do”结构中，it是形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语。
【品悟】 You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.
如果你想使你的英国之旅愉快而有价值，你就必须留心观察。
【点津】 make后带动词不定式作宾语补足语时要省略to；但动词不定式在被动语态中作主语补足语时不能省略to。
【写美】 完成句子
①这次鼓舞人心的演讲让所有在场的学生为他们的梦想更加努力学习。
The inspiring speech for their dreams.
②这位著名作家让他的作品为全世界的人所熟知。
The famous writer all over the world.
③乡村的美丽风景让游客们兴奋不已。
The beautiful scenery in the countryside .
④精心设计的学习计划让复习所有知识点变得方便。
The well-designed study plan
.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Rich extra-curricular activities are available for us to improve our （身体的） health.
2.What she did was an （滥用） of her position as manager.
3.He has a （消极的） attitude towards study in senior high school and his headteacher tries to persuade him to focus on study.
4.He argued that the economic recovery had been （促进） by his tough power.
5.Once my parents find my bad behaviour， I will be （管教） straight away.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1.It’s important that we should （有一个均衡的饮食） because we need adequate nutrition to grow tall and strong.
2.The world （由……组成） seven continents.
3.We should develop a positive attitude to our lives and （不应该对我们的生活悲观）.
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 2 Section Ⅰ （2）
13 / 13Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Pre-reading
Before reading the passage， answer the following questions.
Have you ever tried to correct one bad habit？ How？ What was the result？
Yes， I once tried to correct the bad habit of carelessness. To deal with it， I first made a detailed daily plan， setting time limits for each task. I also used a timer to keep myself on track and motivated. Gradually， I became more careful. This experience taught me that with determination and the right strategies， it’s possible to overcome bad habits.
While-reading
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Part 1（Para.1） A.How to change bad habits and create good ones.
Part 2（Para.2） B.The cycle of how habits are formed.
Part 3（Paras.3－4） C.Changing bad habits
gradually.
Part 4（Para.5） D.No easy way to change bad habits.
Part 5（Para.6） E.What a habit is.
Part 6（Para.7） F.Why bad teenage habits should be changed.
答案：Parts 1－6 FEBACD
2.What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A.What a habit is.
B.Why bad habits should be changed.
C.How to change bad habits and create good ones.
D.What the “habit cycle” is.
答案：C
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What should teenagers first do to prevent harmful habits from dominating their lives？（ ）
A.Stay away from bad habits.
B.Recognise bad habits.
C.Think out ways to get rid of them.
D.Change themselves.
2.How does the author develop this paragraph？（ ）
A.By making comparisons.
B.By citing quotations.
C.By giving examples.
D.By listing numbers.
3.What does the second paragraph mainly tell us？（ ）
A.How we can get rid of bad habits.
B.How bad habits are formed.
C.How we can make a choice.
D.Why choices can become automatic.
4.What does “magic pill” in the last paragraph mean？（ ）
A.A kind of medicine.
B.A pill eaten by a patient.
C.A way to solve all problems.
D.A medicine to cure all illnesses.
5.What kind of attitude does the author hold to change bad habits？（ ）
A.Negative. B.Sad.
C.Doubtful. D.Positive.
答案：1－5 BCBCD
第三步：辨难句拆分解读
1.These bad habits， if left unchecked， could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
句式分析： These bad habits could lead to more serious ones 是主句；when引导 时间状语 从句；if left unchecked是条件状语从句的省略结构，完整形式为 if they are left unchecked 。
自主翻译： 如果任其发展，在他们长大成人后，这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。
2.The good news is that we can change， if we understand how habits work.
句式分析：that引导 表语 从句，在表语从句中if引导 条件状语 从句；how habits work是宾语从句。
自主翻译： 好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是怎么运作的，我们就可以作出改变。
3.For example， when we come to an escalator （cue）， our normal routine is to ride it， but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.
句式分析：when引导 时间状语 从句；but连接 并列句 。
自主翻译： 例如，当我们走到电梯前的时候（触发因素），我们的惯常行为是乘坐电梯，但是我们可以改为走楼梯，从而将上述惯常行为改变为一个更积极的事情。
Post-reading
第一步：抒己见提升思维
Work in groups and put forward practical advice on how to break bad habits and create good ones for a healthy lifestyle.（The answers may vary.）
（1）Understand how habit cycles work；
（2）Get to know how bad habits influence a person’s life；
（3）Use the science of psychology to help teenagers to rid themselves of bad habits；
（4）Never expect a quick and sudden change；
（5）Show some discipline to them and repeatedly make small changes.
第二步：课文语法填空
As teenagers grow up，they become more independent and start making their own decisions.However， during this period， it can be easy 1. for some of them to form bad habits.These bad habits， if 2. left （leave） unchecked， could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.To change bad habits is never easy，even with many 3. attempts （attempt）.The good news is that we can change our bad habits if we understand 4. how habits work.
To facilitate 5. a positive change in our bad habits，we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.We can do this by 6. combining （combine） the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas.We can also use the habit cycle 7. to create （create） good habits.Many of us try to change bad habits quickly， and if we are not successful straight away， we often become pessimistic and give up.In fact， the most successful way to change is not suddenly， 8. but over a period of time.To reach the goal of change， a person must 9. repeatedly （repeated） take many small steps.
Young people have the power to build a happy and 10. healthy （health） life full of good habits！
HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
[1]As teenagers grow up， they become more independent① and start making their own decisions②.However， during this period， [2]it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits. These bad habits， [3]if left unchecked③， could lead to④ more serious ones when they become adults.For example， some of them may become involved⑤ in tobacco⑥ or alcohol⑦ abuse⑧，[4]which can lead to physical⑨ and mental health problems.[5]To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating⑩ a teenager’s life is essential .They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes .
[1]As teenagers grow up是时间状语从句；they become ...decisions是主句；making their own decisions是动词-ing短语作动词start的宾语。
[2]it是形式主语；for some of them to form bad habits是动词不定式复合结构，作真正的主语。
[3]条件状语从句的省略，if后面省略了they are。
[4]which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。
[5]To prevent ... life是动词不定式短语作主语，本句相当于It is essential to prevent ...life。
[6]To change bad habits is never easy， even with many attempts .There is a famous saying [7]based on the philosophy of Aristotle：“We are [8]what we repeatedly do.” In many ways， our lifestyle is the sum of choices [9]we have made.We make a choice [10]to do something， and then we repeat it over and over again .Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit [11]that is much harder to change.[12]The good news is that we can change， if we understand how habits work.
[6]动词不定式短语作主语。
[7]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a famous saying。
[8]what 引导表语从句，在从句中作do的宾语。
[9]we have made是省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词choices。
[10]动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名词choice。
[11]that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词a habit。
[12]that引导表语从句；if引导条件状语从句；how habits work是宾语从句。
According to modern psychology ， we must first learn about the “habit cycle ”， [13]which works like this：
·Firstly， [14]there is a “cue ”， an action， event， or situation that acts as a signal to do something.
·Secondly， [15]there is a “routine ”， the regular action you take in response to the cue.
·Thirdly， [16]there is the “reward ”， the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
For example， when we feel unhappy （cue）， we eat lots of unhealthy snacks （routine）， [17]which makes us feel happy （reward）.[18]The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle， and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
[13]which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the “habit cycle”。
[14]there is a “cue”是句子主干；an action ...situation是同位语，对cue的内容进行解释说明；that引导定语从句，修饰前面的同位语。
[15]there is a “routine”是句子主干；the regular action是同位语；you take ...cue是定语从句，修饰先行词action。
[16]there is the “reward”是句子主干；the good thing or feeling是同位语；we get from the routine是定语从句，修饰先行词thing or feeling。
[17]which 引导非限制性定语从句；feel happy是省略to的动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。
[18]The reward是主语，makes是谓语，us是宾语，to continue the cycle是动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。
[19]To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits， we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.We can do this by [20]combining the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas.For example， we could try [21]to replace a negative routine with something more positive.So， when we feel unhappy again （cue）， rather than eat snacks， we could listen to some of our favourite music instead （routine）， [22]which will make us feel relaxed （reward）. Aside from [23]changing bad habits， we can also use the habit cycle [24]to create good habits.For example， when we come to an escalator （cue）， our normal routine is [25]to ride it， but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.
[19]动词不定式短语To facilitate ...habits作目的状语，must examine和（must） try是并列谓语，to adapt them是动词不定式短语作try的宾语。
[20]动词-ing短语作介词by的宾语。
[21]动词不定式短语作动词try的宾语。
[22]which引导非限制性定语从句，feel relaxed是省略to的动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。
[23]动词-ing短语作介词from的宾语。
[24]动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[25]动词不定式短语作表语。
Many of us try [26]to change bad habits quickly， and if we are not successful straight away ， we often become pessimistic and give up .In fact， the most successful way [27]to change is not suddenly， but over a period of time.[28]As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote，“A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” One step seems small， but it is essential.[29]To reach the goal of change， a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps.After all ， [30]it is not easy to break bad habits.
[26]动词不定式短语作动词try的宾语。
[27]动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词way。
[28]As引导定语从句，指代后面主句的内容。
[29]动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[30]it是形式主语，to break bad habits是动词不定式短语作真正的主语。
For young people， there is plenty of time [31]to change bad habits.However， there is no “magic pill ” or delete button [32]that will help you； you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.You have the power [33]to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits！
[31]动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名词time。
[32]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词“magic pill” or delete button。
[33]to build a ... habits是动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名词power； full of good habits是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰名词life。
①independent adj.独立的
independence n.独立；自主
②make a decision作决定
③unchecked adj.不加约束的；不受限制的；放任的
④lead to导致；通向
⑤involved adj.有关的；卷入的
be/become involved in ...参与……
⑥tobacco n.烟草；烟叶
⑦alcohol n.酒；酒精
⑧abuse n.滥用；虐待；辱骂
vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
⑨physical adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的
physically adv.身体上地
⑩dominate vt.& vi.支配；控制；占有优势
essential adj.必要的；本质的
make appropriate changes作出适当的改变
attempt n.& vt.企图；尝试
attempt to do sth＝make an attempt to do sth企图做某事
（be） based on以……为基础
repeatedly adv.重复地
repeat vt.重复
over and over again一再地；反复地
automatic adj.自动的；无意识的
automatically adv.自动地；无意识地
psychology n.心理学；心理；心理影响
cycle n.循环；周期
cue n.提示；暗示；信号
vt.给（某人）暗示（或提示）
act as 担任；充当
a signal to do sth做某事的信号
routine n.常规；惯常行为
adj.常规的；日常的
in response to 回答；答复
reward n.回报；奖励；报酬vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
unhealthy adj.不健康的
rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖
rely on 依赖；依靠；信赖
facilitate vt.促进；促使；使便利
facilitate economic growth 促进经济增长
examine vt.（仔细）检查；审查；测验
adapt vt.使适应；改编
adapt to ...适应……
combine ...with ...把……和……结合起来
negative adj.消极的；有害的；否定的
positive adj.积极的，正面的
replace ...with ...用……代替……
rather than而不是
relaxed adj.放松的，自在的
relaxing adj.令人放松的
relax v.（使）放松
aside from除……以外
escalator n.自动扶梯； 滚梯
straight away立即；马上
pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的
optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的
give up放弃
discipline n.自制力；纪律；学科vt.自我控制；管教；处罚
after all终究；毕竟
plenty of大量；很多
pill n.药丸；药片
delete v.删去；删除
delete button 删除键
decide on决定；选定
参考译文
健康的生活方式需养成的习惯
在成长过程中，青少年会变得越来越独立，并且开始自己做决定。然而，在这一时期，他们中的一部分人容易养成不良习惯。如果任其发展，在他们长大成人后，这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。他们必须学会早早认清不良习惯并作出适当的改变。
改变不良习惯从来都不是一件容易的事情，即使你三番五次地尝试。有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道：“重复的行为造就了我们。”从很多方面看，我们的生活方式是我们所作出的选择的总和。我们选择做某件事，接着我们反反复复地做这件事。不久之后，这项选择就变得自然而然，成为一种更加难以改变的习惯。好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是怎么运作的，我们就可以作出改变。
根据现代心理学，我们必须首先了解“习惯循环”，其工作原理如下：
·第一是“触发因素”，即一个行动、事件或状况，充当要做某事的讯号。
·第二是“惯常行为”，即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。
·第三是“回报”，即我们从惯常行为中获得的美好事物或感受。
例如，当我们感到不高兴时（触发因素），我们会吃很多不健康零食（惯常行为），这让我们感到快乐（回报）。这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这一不良习惯。
想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转化，我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环，然后尽力去调整。为了做到这一点，我们可以把来自我们不良习惯循环的信息与我们自己的积极想法结合起来。例如，我们可以试着将一个消极的惯常行为替换为一个更积极的东西。因此，当我们再次感到不高兴时（触发因素），我们可以听几首自己最喜爱的音乐（惯常行为），而不是吃零食，这会使我们感到放松（回报）。除了改变不良习惯之外，我们还可以利用习惯循环来养成良好的习惯。例如，当我们走到电梯前的时候（触发因素），我们的惯常行为是乘坐电梯，但是我们可以改为走楼梯，从而将上述惯常行为改变为一个更积极的事情。
我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们往往变得悲观，继而放弃。事实上，改变不良习惯的最佳方法不是一蹴而就，而是需要一段时间。正如中国哲学家老子所说：“千里之行，始于足下。”一步似乎很小，却至关重要。为了实现改变这一目标，一个人必须展示出一定程度的自制力，不断地迈出许多小步。毕竟，戒除不良习惯并非易事。
对年轻人来说，有大量的时间可以改变不良习惯。然而，能帮助你的“魔力丸”或删除键并不存在；你必须思考自己的不良习惯，选定一些作出改变。你有能力构建一种充满良好习惯的快乐、健康的生活！
Ⅰ.词块默写
1. become more independent 变得更加独立
2. become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse
沉溺于烟酒不能自拔
3. lead to physical and mental health problems
造成生理和心理健康问题
4. make appropriate changes 作出适当的改变
5. in response to the cue 响应触发因素
6. facilitate a positive change 促进积极的改变
7. make us feel relaxed 使我们感到放松
8. change this routine into something more positive
把这种惯常行为改变为一个更积极的事情
9. repeatedly take many small steps
不断地迈出许多小步
10. build a happy and healthy life
建立一种快乐、健康的生活
Ⅱ.课文原句默写
1.在成长过程中，青少年会变得越来越独立，并且开始自己做决定。
As teenagers grow up， they become more independent and start making their own decisions.
2.他们必须学会早早认清不良习惯并作出适当的改变。
They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes.
3.好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是怎么运作的，我们就可以作出改变。
The good news is that we can change， if we understand how habits work.
4.想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转化，我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环，然后尽力去调整。
To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits， we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.
5.为了实现改变这一目标，一个人必须展示出一定程度的自制力，不断地迈出许多小步。
To reach the goal of change， a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps.
阅读理解
A
Scroll through social media sites such as Instagram， Twitter or Facebook and you will be confronted with picture after picture of perfectly presented and delicious-looking meals.While the smell and taste of food can have an undeniably powerful effect on our cravings， are endless posts of steaming snacks more than just a feast for our eyes？
Our eating habits are influenced by what we see.“There is some evidence that if you see pictures of food， that visual stimulation can prompt you to feel a desire to eat，” says Suzanne Higgs， a professor in the psychobiology of appetite.“If all your friends on social media are posting pictures or live-streaming of themselves consuming fast food， it’s going to set a norm that eating fast food is what people do.”
Scientists are becoming increasingly concerned that food-related content on social media is making us think differently about food.Social media algorithms （算法） promote content that users engage with more， so viewing more unhealthy food means seeing more of it on our social media feeds.
“It seems that healthier foods are often seen as boring in comparison，” says Tina Tessitore， associate professor of marketing.“In advertising， you see unhealthy food in social settings — people having a barbecue with friends， for example， while healthy food often focuses more on the nutritional value.If you saw friends eating salad together， it would seem so incredible.”
But while studies have found that social media can make us think differently about food， and that we typically engage more with content featuring unhealthy food， it’s uncertain yet whether this actually translates to our changes in our behavior in daily life.“If I’m scrolling through Instagram， looking at photos of tasty food， whether I seek out the food depends on how hungry I am， and whether it’s appropriate in that moment，” says Higgs.“And when we do eat， we’re influenced by more than what we’ve seen online.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着社交媒体上出现越来越多的美食图片，人们开始关注观看不健康食物的内容是否会影响我们的食物观念，以及是否会养成不健康的饮食习惯。
1.What does the author want to tell us in the first two paragraphs？（ ）
A.The flavour of food can stimulate our appetite.
B.There are many food posts on social media.
C.Social media can help us establish healthy habits.
D.Food posts can bring us negative impacts as well.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句和第二段内容可知，作者在前两段想告诉我们，食物帖子不仅给我们带来视觉上的愉悦，也会给我们带来负面影响。
2.Why are scientists becoming increasingly worried？（ ）
A.People may form the habit of viewing unhealthy food.
B.Social media always encourages us to eat more.
C.Food posts may have negative effects on people.
D.Consuming fast food is becoming more common.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，科学家们之所以越来越担心，是因为社交媒体算法会推送用户参与更多的内容。因此观看更多不健康食物意味着社交媒体会推送更多不健康的食物，人们就可能会形成看不健康食物的习惯。
3.What can be inferred in advertising from paragraph 4？（ ）
A.More attention has been paid to healthier foods.
B.All healthy food seems to lack nutritional value.
C.Friends can hardly be seen eating salad together.
D.Having a barbecue is healthier than eating salad.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第四段中Tina Tessitore说的话可推知，在广告中几乎不会出现与朋友们一起吃沙拉的情景。
4.What might the author tell us in the following paragraph？（ ）
A.Social media is changing our daily behavior.
B.More factors are influencing our eating habits.
C.Photos of tasty food always appeal to us to eat.
D.People have formed the same idea of eating food.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的it’s uncertain yet whether this actually translates to our changes in our behavior in daily life和And when we do eat， we’re influenced by more than what we’ve seen online可知，还有其他因素会影响我们的饮食习惯。因此下一段会讲更多影响我们饮食习惯的因素。
B
When it comes to making healthy lifestyle changes， which should come first — changing your diet or becoming more physically active？
Previous studies suggested that providing people with too much information about nutrition and physical activity at once tends （趋向） to be discouraging.That has led to the popularity of advising people to make changes gradually， and set smaller goals.
So the scientists divided 200 inactive participants who were 45 or older into four groups.One group was instructed in making diet and fitness changes at the same time； the second group was taught about diet changes first， and then fitness changes four months later； the third group changed their exercise habits first and made changes in their eating habits four months later； the final， control group was not instructed in either diet or fitness changes but in how to manage their stress.
The researchers followed the groups for a full pared to the control group， the three intervention （干预） groups made healthy changes in their diet.Those who changed their fitness habits first significantly increased the amount of exercise they received daily compared to the other groups after four months.However， at the end of the year， the group that changed both diet and exercise at the same time was the only one that met the nationally recommended targets for both exercise and nutrition levels， while those who worked on improving their nutrition first were unable to meet the recommended levels of fitness after a year.The researchers suspect that changes to diet are easier to make than changes to physical activity.
The findings show， however， that pairing diet and exercise changes may help to overcome some of the barriers people face in adding more physical activity into their lives.“If folks change diet and exercise orderly，” the scientists say， “they may end up placing more importance on the first set of behavior changes and feel less pressured to address the second set.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。要想健康生活，是先改变饮食习惯还是先改变运动习惯呢？研究发现，两者同时进行效果最佳。
5.How is paragraph 3 developed？（ ）
A.By giving examples.
B.By making comparisons.
C.By analyzing causes.
D.By making classifications.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，科学家将200名参与者分成四组，并分别介绍了这四组的不同情况。由此可知，本段主要是通过分类的形式来进行阐述的。
6.Which group was the most physically active after four months？（ ）
A.The first group. B.The second group.
C.The third group. D.The control group.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第四段第三句并结合第三段中对四个组的描述可知，四个月后，第三组即先改变运动习惯的那组参与者相比其他组，日常运动量显著增加，高于其他组，所以身体活动量最大。
7.What might the scientists approve of？（ ）
A.Changing eating habits first may be reasonable.
B.Diet and exercise changes should be made orderly.
C.Diet and exercise changes are equally hard to make.
D.Diet and exercise should be processed at the same time.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句及最后一段第一句可知，饮食和锻炼同时改变的小组最终达到国家推荐目标，而按顺序改变的小组未完全达标。由此推知，科学家们更赞同两者同时进行。
8.Which of the following is the best title for the passage？（ ）
A.Change Your Habits for Better Health
B.Ways to Lead a Healthy and Balanced Life
C.Making Healthy Lifestyle Changes Really Counts
D.Timing Matters in Making Diet and Exercise Changes
解析：D 标题归纳题。本文第一段提出“要想健康生活，是先改变饮食还是先更加积极地运动”这一问题，下文介绍了一项相关的实验，结果表明，饮食和锻炼同时进行改变效果最佳。因此D项（改变饮食和锻炼的时间顺序很重要）为本文最佳标题。
核心词汇集释
1.in response to 回答；答复；作为……的答复
教材原句 Secondly， there is a “routine”， the regular action you take in response to the cue.
第二是“惯常行为”，即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。
【用法】
（1）response n.（口头的或书面的）回答，回复；反应 positive/favourable/negative response 积极的/有利的/消极的反应 （2）respond vi. （口头或书面）回答；响应 respond to 回答；响应 respond by doing sth 以……方式回应
【佳句】 I am writing to give a brief introduction to Peking Opera in response to your request.
应你的请求，我写信简要介绍一下京剧。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①In response to food waste， schools have installed smart dustbins， reducing cafeteria trash by 40%.
【写美】 完成句子
②你对我信件的积极回应使我感到莫大的安慰。
Your positive response to my letter brings me great comfort.
2.reward n.回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
教材原句 Thirdly， there is the “reward”， the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
第三是“回报”，即我们从惯常行为中获得的美好事物或感受。
【用法】
（1）as a reward （for ...） 作为（对……的）报酬/奖赏 in reward for 为酬谢……；作为……的奖励 （2）reward sb for sth 因某事而奖赏某人 reward sb with sth 用某物奖励/回报某人 （3）rewarding adj.值得做的；有益的；有意义的
【佳句】 After hearing my words， my mum felt more than happy and kissed my cheek， giving the biggest apple to me as a reward.听了我的话后，妈妈非常高兴，吻了吻我的脸颊，给了我最大的苹果作为奖励。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The school now rewards students for creative problem-solving with digital badges.
②It is a very rewarding （reward） exercise to work this out oneself.
【写美】 完成句子
③为酬谢他的善意，我给了他200美元。
In reward for his kindness ， I offered him $200.
④赢得这场比赛正是该团队付出努力应得的回报。
Winning the match was a just reward for the effort the team had made.
3.rely on 依赖；依靠；信赖
教材原句 The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle， and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这一不良习惯。
【用法】
（1）rely on/upon （doing） sth 依赖/信任/指望（做）某事 rely on/upon sb to do sth 指望/相信某人做某事 rely on/upon it that ...相信……；指望…… （2）reliable adj. 可信赖的；可依靠的
【佳句】 Nowadays， we rely increasingly on computers for help/to help us.
现今，我们越来越依赖计算机协助工作。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①A reliable （rely） friend will always be there for you when you are in trouble.
②We should rely on/upon our own efforts to overcome difficulties instead of always seeking others’ help.
【写美】 完成句子
③我们应该相信，努力和决心能够带来成功。
We should rely on it that hard work and determination can lead to success.
4.aside from 除……以外
教材原句 Aside from changing bad habits， we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits.
除了改变不良习惯之外，我们还可以利用习惯循环来养成良好的习惯。
【用法】
aside from为介词短语，相当于apart from，后接名词、代词、动词-ing形式作宾语，用法如下： （1）表示“除了……外还……”，相当于besides/in addition to； （2）表示“除了……外都……”，相当于except for。
【写美】 完成句子
除了我的学业以外，我还总是设法找时间做我所感兴趣的事情。
Aside from/Apart from/In addition to/Besides my academic studies ， I always manage to find time for what I’m interested in.
5.straight away 立即；马上
教材原句 Many of us try to change bad habits quickly， and if we are not successful straight away， we often become pessimistic and give up.
我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们往往变得悲观，继而放弃。
【用法】
“立刻，马上”的其他表达： right away right now at once in no time
【佳句】 When he saw the fire， he called 119 straight away.当他看到大火时，立即拨打了119。
【写美】 完成句子
我弟弟察觉到我十分尴尬，立即过来帮我。
Sensing that I was quite embarrassed，my younger brother came to my assistance straight away/right away/right now/at once/in no time .
6.decide on 决定；选定
教材原句 ...you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.
……你必须思考自己的不良习惯，选定一些作出改变。
【用法】
（1）decide on/upon （doing） sth 决定（做）某事 decide to do sth 决定做某事 作出决定
【佳句】 ①I am trying to decide on what major I will study at university， and writing in the hope that you can guide me in my options.我正在努力决定我将在大学学习什么专业，写信希望您能指导我的选择。
②Her decision to retire surprised us all.
她退休的决定，让我们所有人都感到惊讶。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Now that I have become a senior student， I have decided to study （study） hard to get into a good university.
②We need to decide on/upon a suitable topic for our research project as soon as possible.
【写美】 完成句子
③当你面临如此多的选择时，确实难以做出决定。
It’s really hard to make a decision when you are faced with so many choices.
重点句型解构
1.句型公式：状语从句的省略
教材原句 These bad habits， if left unchecked， could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
如果任其发展，在他们长大成人后，这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。
【用法】
when、 whenever、 wherever、 if、 while、 before、 after、 unless、 as等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或状语从句中的主语为it时，通常省略从句中的主语和be动词。
【品悟】 Therefore，I can explain the relevant information about Chinese painting if necessary.
因此，如果有必要，我可以解释有关中国画的相关信息。
【写美】 完成句子
①只要有可能，你就应该来帮忙。
Whenever possible ， you should come and help.
②无论哪里需要，他总是乐于助人。
Wherever needed ， he is always ready to help others. （人物介绍）
③如果是真的，这会给我们带来很多麻烦。
If true ， this will cause us a lot of trouble.
2.句型公式：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
教材原句 The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle， and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这一不良习惯。
【用法】
（1）常用于此结构中的动词还有think、 believe、 find、 consider、 feel等，可以用作宾语补足语的有形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等。 （2）在“make＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do”结构中，it是形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语。
【品悟】 You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile. 如果你想使你的英国之旅愉快而有价值，你就必须留心观察。
【点津】 make后带动词不定式作宾语补足语时要省略to；但动词不定式在被动语态中作主语补足语时不能省略to。
【写美】 完成句子
①这次鼓舞人心的演讲让所有在场的学生为他们的梦想更加努力学习。
The inspiring speech made all the students present work harder for their dreams.
② 这位著名作家让他的作品为全世界的人所熟知。
The famous writer made his works known to people all over the world.
③乡村的美丽风景让游客们兴奋不已。
The beautiful scenery in the countryside made the tourists extremely excited .
④精心设计的学习计划让复习所有知识点变得方便。
The well-designed study plan makes it convenient to review all the knowledge points .
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Rich extra-curricular activities are available for us to improve our physical （身体的） health.
2.What she did was an abuse （滥用） of her position as manager.
3.He has a negative （消极的） attitude towards study in senior high school and his headteacher tries to persuade him to focus on study.
4.He argued that the economic recovery had been facilitated （促进） by his tough power.
5.Once my parents find my bad behaviour， I will be disciplined （管教） straight away.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1.It’s important that we should have a balanced diet （有一个均衡的饮食） because we need adequate nutrition to grow tall and strong.
2.The world is composed of （由……组成） seven continents.
3.We should develop a positive attitude to our lives and never should we be pessimistic about our lives （不应该对我们的生活悲观）.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The doctor will carefully examine （检查） the patient to find out the cause of the illness.
2.We took the escalator （自动扶梯） up to the top floor of the shopping mall to buy clothes.
3.Teachers often reward （奖励） students who make great efforts in their studies with prizes.
4.Studying psychology （心理学） can help us better understand people’s thoughts and behaviors.
5.The powerful company tends to dominate （控制） the local market with its high-quality products.
6.The government imposed a ban on tobacco （烟草） advertising.
7.Scientists have a fairly negative （消极的） attitude to the theory.
8.There are no such things as magic pills ， and therefore， you should rely on yourself.
9.Everything will go well， so you needn’t be so pessimistic about your future.
10.Its name has been deleted from the list of endangered animals， for the habitat is improving.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.I tried to comfort the little girl dominated （dominate） by extreme fright.
2.You can rely on him to offer （offer） you some advice on how to get rid of alcohol.
3.After a competitive examination （examine），I finally got the chance to serve as a volunteer at the exhibition.
4.If treated straight away ， the escalator can function well once again.
5.I guarantee that you can keep physically （physical） healthy by taking regular exercise.
6.To my anger，my client repeatedly （repeat） made the same mistake.
7.The teacher limited her composition （compose） to 800 words.
8.They asked him to give a speech， but he made no response （respond）.
9.I’m sorry to hear the column Cartoon will be deleted （delete） from our school English newspaper.
10.It is a hard job， but at the same time， it is a rewarding （reward） job.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1.The old man has decided on a date （已选定一个日期） to celebrate our success.
2.It is clear that he is eager to do something in reward for their kindness （做些事情来回报他们的善意）.
3.We had different opinions when discussing （当讨论） what to put into the video.
4.Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success （使得这次活动取得巨大成功）.
5.I would like to live in a neighbourhood surrounded by green trees （绿树环绕）， where I can refresh myself after a day’s work.
Ⅳ.一词多义/熟词生义
快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思
1.abuse
A.vt.虐待 B.vt.滥用 C.n.滥用 D.vt.辱骂
①He abused alcohol and tobacco， so he was physically unhealthy. B
②Mary has a difficult life and is often abused by her stepmother. A
③His parents often criticize and abuse him with sharp words. D
④To our shock， the person of high rank suffered a lot from drug abuse. C
快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加蓝词汇的意思
2.After the event，a number of officials were disciplined for abusing their power. 处罚
3.The percentage of false negatives generated by the cancer test is of great concern. 阴性
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Youth Model United Nations Winter Conference 2025
Youth Model United Nations Conference （YMUN） aims to let young people in China have a voice on the global stage. By participating in Model UN activities， students will deal with challenges in document review， issue research， public speaking， negotiation， and teamwork. They gain broad ideas， sharpen their thinking， and develop their skills while making lasting friendships. YMUN 2025 in China is to be important for the youth to learn， lead， and make a difference.
During the winter break， YMUN will hold its 14th official conference， the 2025 International Youth Model United Nations Winter Session， from January 20 to February 12，2025. The conference welcomes students of grade 4 to grade 12 to participate. This conference will take place across four cities：Shenzhen， Guangzhou， Shanghai and Beijing. The venues （场地） for these events will be well chosen in each city， providing an academic atmosphere suitable for in-depth discussions. Each city will host a unique theme， reflecting the variety of global challenges.
Beijing Conference
Date： February 9－12， 2025
Venue： Beijing National Convention Center
Theme： Sustainable Cities and Communities
Shanghai Conference
Date： February 9－12， 2025
Venue： Artyzen Habitat Lingang Shanghai
Theme： Climate Action
Guangzhou Conference
Date： February 5－8， 2025
Venue：LLN Garden Hotel Nansha Guangzhou
Theme： Zero Hunger
Shenzhen Conference
Date： January 20－23， 2025
Venue： Hilton Shenzhen Shekou Nanhai
Theme： Quality Education
The conference will feature sessions in both Chinese and English for middle and elementary school students. The world needs to hear the voices of youth for a safer， fairer， and better world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了“青年模拟联合国大会”这一活动，包括其目的、举办时间、地点、主题以及参与对象等信息。
1.Which conference starts the earliest？（ ）
A.Beijing Conference.
B.Shanghai Conference.
C.Guangzhou Conference.
D.Shenzhen Conference.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据文章中各部分的日期可知，深圳会议的开始日期最早。
2.Where will the hunger-focused conference be held？（ ）
A.Beijing National Convention Center.
B.Artyzen Habitat Lingang Shanghai.
C.LLN Garden Hotel Nansha Guangzhou.
D.Hilton Shenzhen Shekou Nanhai.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据Guangzhou Conference部分中的Theme：Zero Hunger可知，广州会议的主题和饥饿相关；再根据该部分的Venue：LLN Garden Hotel Nansha Guangzhou可知，举办地点是广州南沙里仁洞花园酒店。
3.What do Beijing Conference and Shanghai Conference have in common？（ ）
A.They are held at the same venue.
B.They take place at the same time.
C.They focus on climate solutions.
D.They explore city development.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据Beijing Conference和Shanghai Conference部分中的日期可知，北京会议和上海会议的举办时间相同。
B
Going to work on a couple of eggs might be the way forward if you want to lose weight.According to research from the Rochester Centre for Obesity in America， eating eggs for breakfast may reduce daily calorie intake by over 400 calories.
In the study， 30 overweight women were asked to eat an egg-based breakfast （2 eggs） and 30 overweight women were asked to eat a bread-based breakfast.Two kinds of breakfast contained the same amount of calories and almost the same levels of protein （蛋白质）.The researchers recorded the women’s eating habits and found that just before lunch， the women who had eaten eggs for breakfast felt less hungry and ate a smaller lunch as a result.
Researchers pointed out that certain foods lead to a greater sense of being full.An egg is an example of such food that has a 50% greater satiety index （指数） compared to white bread or ready-to-eat breakfast porridge.This study suggests that eating eggs for breakfast makes you feel fuller for longer so that you eat less at your next few meals.Therefore， if you’re trying to lose weight as it means， you may find it easier to cut calories without feeling hungry.
Eggs are packed with all kinds of nutrients （营养） but contain just 85 calories each.Old advice to limit eggs to just a few each week has also been given up.According to the Food Standards Agency， there’s now no limit to the number of eggs you can eat in a week as part of a healthy balanced diet.If you feel like starting the day with eggs， we suggest you avoid frying them and eat them with wholemeal toast and a small glass of vitamin C-rich unsweetened orange juice， which will help the body make the best use of the iron in the eggs.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了吃鸡蛋有助于减肥。
4.What breakfast can lead to eating less for lunch？（ ）
A.Bread. B.Eggs.
C.Juice. D.Porridge.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段最后一句可知，早餐吃鸡蛋能让你在一天剩下的时间里减少超过400卡路里的热量摄入。由此可知，早餐吃鸡蛋能让你午餐吃得少一些。
5.What does the underlined word “satiety” probably mean in paragraph 3？（ ）
A.A taste of food. B.A feeling of pride.
C.A state of hunger. D.A sense of being full.
解析：D 词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知，研究指出一些食物会让人产生更强的饱腹感，鸡蛋的饱腹指数比白面包或即食早餐粥高出50%。因此satiety与前面的sense of being full互为同义表达，表示“满足，饱足”。
6.What does the Food Standards Agency suggest we do？（ ）
A.Avoid eating fried eggs.
B.Take in as much protein as possible.
C.Drink sweetened orange juice each day.
D.Eat nothing between breakfast and lunch.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，食品标准局建议早餐吃鸡蛋不要煎，而是搭配全麦吐司和一杯无糖橙汁。
7.What is the best title for the text？（ ）
A.Mind Your Calorie Intake
B.Have a Big Breakfast
C.Eat Eggs for Weight Loss
D.Keep a Balanced Diet
解析：C 标题归纳题。本文主要论述了吃鸡蛋有助于减肥。因此C项（吃鸡蛋减肥）为文章最佳标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Traveling is becoming more and more popular every year.It can be a passion for so many people.One of the reasons behind this is the advanced transportation system that humans have achieved up to now.8.（ ） There are even personalities who have traveled the entire world.
Everyone has their own reason for traveling.Some people travel for a break in life.At times， our daily life gets very dull.9.（ ） We get bored of doing the same things in the same way again and again every day.We need a breathing space， longing for new adventures in life.Traveling opens new doors of amusement in life.
Traveling helps in improving social and communication skills.10.（ ） Traveling involves getting connected with random strangers.It can be a true exercise for the people dealing with social anxiety.We even end up learning new languages for traveling.
11.（ ） Traveling forces us to take a break from our normal life and explore.It makes us appreciate beauty in the world.It fills us with positive energy.People suffering from spiritual illness from stress often choose the path of exploring and traveling to cure themselves.It creates unforgettable and endless fond memories， which comfort them and help ease their stress.
Traveling gets us real life education.People say that if you cannot read books， then start traveling for knowledge.What we learn from traveling different places cannot be taught in any school， college or university.We learn about different cultures， different societies， different types of people， different languages.At least， if we are not able to travel abroad， we can travel our country.12.（ ）
A.Traveling offers an escape from reality.
B.This enables us to know it in a better way.
C.We cannot travel without interacting with anyone.
D.Traveling contributes to maintaining peace of mind.
E.It becomes a cycle of having meals， sleeping and working.
F.One can easily travel from one place to another in less time.
G.People of different countries have different ideas of traveling.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了旅行的好处。
8.F 根据上下文可知，F项承接上文，说明了先进的交通系统使人们可以很容易地在更短的时间内从一个地方旅行到另一个地方，下文指出了先进的交通带来的影响是很大的，即有些人甚至环游了整个世界。
9.E 根据上下文可知，E项承接上文，说明了日常生活变得非常枯燥的原因，下文指出人们对于这个一成不变的循环感到了厌倦，因此想去旅行。
10.C 根据上下文可知，C项承接上文，说明了旅行使得人们进行沟通和交流，下文指出了旅行会给社交带来的好处。
11.D 根据下文可知，旅行带来众多好处，关键在于它对人内心世界的积极影响，因此D项适合作为本段的主题句。
12.B 根据上文可知，B项承接上文，说明了在国内旅行可以更好地了解自己国家，是在现实中获取知识得到教育的一种方式。
Ⅲ.完形填空
On the final day of my second year of high school， I was hit in the face with a baseball bat.After weeks in hospital， 13 ， I returned home with a broken nose.The following months were 14 .It felt like everything was on pause.And I became painfully 15 that my return to baseball was not smooth.
After a year of self-doubt， I 16 not to let my injury get me down.If things were going to improve， I knew I was the one 17 for making it happen.
When I began college， I 18 getting my life in order.While my peers stayed up late and played video games， I 19 good sleep habits.In the 20 world of a college dorm， I kept my room neat and tidy.These 21 were minor，but they gave me a sense of control over my life.I started to feel 22 again.I improved my 23 habits and managed to earn straight A’s.I made it a habit to lift weights， and my body 24 from a featherweight 170 to a strong 200 pounds.
Changes that seem small at first will contribute to 25 results if you stick with them for years.My sleep habits，study habits， and strength-training habits 26 .Six years after the 27 ， I was named to the Academic All-America Team.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在受伤后经历了从意志消沉到决心改变的心理过程，并得到了很好的结果。
13.A.positively B.slightly
C.mercifully D.hopefully
解析：C 根据语境可知，幸运的是，作者在医院住了几个星期后，带着骨折的鼻子回到了家。
14.A.tough B.secure
C.peaceful D.easy
解析：A 根据下文It felt like everything was on pause.可知，作者出院后在家养伤的日子是难熬的。
15.A.suspicious B.eager
C.aware D.resistant
解析：C 根据下文that my return to baseball was not smooth可知，作者痛苦地意识到自己不能顺利重返棒球场。
16.A.hesitated B.determined
C.afforded D.failed
解析：B 根据下文not to let my injury get me down可知，作者决定改变自我怀疑、意志消沉的状态。
17.A.admirable B.available
C.suitable D.responsible
解析：D 如果情况将要好转，作者认为自己是那个有责任让它发生的人。
18.A.agreed on B.focused on
C.ended up D.drew on
解析：B 上文提到作者决定改变，所以作者上大学后专注于使自己的大学生活步入正轨。
19.A.broke B.quit
C.built D.rid
解析：C 根据While表示对比可知，此处指作者养成了良好的睡眠习惯。
20.A.harmonious B.noisy
C.tolerant D.messy
解析：D 上一句作者就睡眠问题和同龄人对比；这一句应该也是对比，指作者在脏乱的宿舍里保持自己的房间整洁。
21.A.improvements B.contributions
C.additions D.arguments
解析：A 上文讲作者养成好的睡眠习惯，保持自己的房间整洁，是讲作者在进步。improvement与第二段的improve呼应。
22.A.discontent B.confident
C.relaxed D.depressed
解析：B 根据上文but they gave me a sense of control over my life可知，作者重新开始变得自信起来。
23.A.study B.exercise
C.food D.sleep
解析：A 根据下文managed to earn straight A’s可知，作者改进了自己的学习习惯。
24.A.ranged B.prevented
C.transformed D.protected
解析：C 作者开始坚持举重后，体重从170磅变化到200磅。
25.A.disappointing B.ordinary
C.contradictory D.remarkable
解析：D 根据语境可知，如果你坚持几年，一开始看起来很小的改变将会带来显著的效果。remarkable意为“非凡的，显著的，不容小觑的”，与small对应。
26.A.took off B.paid off
C.caught up D.sped up
解析：B 根据下文I was named to the Academic All-America Team可知，作者的好习惯取得了成效，付出终有回报。pay off意为“得到回报”。
27.A.injury B.victim
C.threat D.disability
解析：A 文章一开始从作者受伤说起，叙述了作者受伤后从消沉到崛起的心路历程，此处指作者受伤六年后终于取得的成果，入选了全美学术团队。
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