Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Pre-reading
Before reading the passage， answer the following question.
What will happen if glaciers melt faster than before？
While-reading
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
2.What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A.What leads to the “man-made” greenhouse effect.
B.Climate change is serious and needs our attention.
C.Extreme weather causes deaths and economic losses.
D.Measures are needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.Which of the following is not a proof of a dramatic change in the global climate？（ ）
A.A warming ocean and atmosphere.
B.Melting ice.
C.Rising sea levels.
D.A large population.
2.What does the third paragraph mainly tell us？（ ）
A.What the “greenhouse effect” means.
B.Why the global temperature rises quickly.
C.How the heat is released back into space.
D.Why the “man-made” greenhouse effect is important to us.
3.Which of the following is not mentioned to deal with global warming？（ ）
A.People do not use plastic bags in their daily lives.
B.Governments make policies and take measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
C.People change inappropriate lifestyles.
D.People educate others about global warming，along with its causes and impacts.
4.What is the genre of this passage？（ ）
A.Prose （散文）. B.Narration.
C.Argumentation. D.Exposition.
5.What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text？（ ）
A.To show us the bad effects of global warming.
B.To explain the meaning of “carbon footprint”.
C.To tell us to prevent disasters from happening.
D.To call on us to do our bit to protect our planet.
第三步：辨难句拆分解读
1.An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body， the bear appeared to have starved and died.
句式分析：该句为复合句。who引导 从句，在从句中作 ，指人；that引导 从句。
自主翻译：
2.Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions，this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay.
句式分析：该句为复合句。that引导 从句，该从句中又包含了由if引导的 从句。
自主翻译：
3.It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming， along with its causes and impacts，because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
句式分析：该句为复合句。It为 ，真正的主语是 ；because引导 从句，affecting all of us on this planet为动词-ing短语作 。
自主翻译：
Post-reading
第一步：抒己见提升思维
What should we do to help stop global warming？
第二步：课文语法填空
There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.In 2013，many people 1. （shock） by a news photo of a dead polar bear which died of 2. （starve）.Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels 3. （cause） by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before，so it had to travel greater distances to find food.Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature？Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”，4. has two common meanings：the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect.The “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become 5. big problem.There is strong and comprehensive evidence 6. the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide.In fact， news reports are 7. （frequent） broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses.Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the 8. （globe） climate.This requires the attention of people all over the world.We as individuals can reduce our “carbon footprint” by 9. （restrict） the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.It is our responsibility 10. （seize） every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming，along with its causes and impacts.
CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD’S ATTENTION
We have known about climate change for decades①.[1]There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer （see the graph②）. A warming ocean and atmosphere along with③ melting④ ice and rising sea levels provide evidence⑤ of a dramatic⑥ change in the global climate.
[1]There is little/no doubt that ...毫无疑问……，that 引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容。
In 2013， a lot of people were shocked by⑦ a news photo of a dead polar bear [2]that was found on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard. [3]According to⑧ the scientists who found its dead body， all that remained⑨ of the polar bear was “skin and bones”. An expert [4]who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body， the bear appeared [5]to have starved⑩ and died. Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels [6]caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before ， so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth’s ecology .
[2]that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词polar bear。
[3]who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词scientists； that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词all， that不能用which代替。
[4]who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词An expert。
[5]动词不定式的完成式作系动词appeared的表语。
[6]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词levels。
Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature？ [7]Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”， which has two common meanings： the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact [8]that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation. The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere， such as methane and carbon dioxide ，trap some of the heat， [9]keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable . Without this process， Earth could not sustain life.However， the “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem.When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by [10]burning fossil fuels ， more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature [11]to rise quickly.
[7]called the “greenhouse effect”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词process； which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the “greenhouse effect”。
[8]that引导同位语从句，解释说明the fact的具体内容。
[9]keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable是动词-ing短语作结果状语，warm and habitable是形容词短语作宾语补足语。
[10]动词-ing短语作介词by的宾语。
[11]动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。
[12]There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide ， not only causing serious damage， but also costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions， this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price [13]to pay. In fact， news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves [14]causing deaths and economic losses .
[12]There is ...evidence是主句；that引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容；not only causing ...和but also costing ...是两个并列的动词-ing短语作结果状语。
[13]动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词price。
[14]动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰名词短语extreme rainstorms and heatwaves。
Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate.This requires the attention of people all over the world.[15]Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint ” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide [16]our lifestyles produce. [17]It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming， along with its causes and impacts， because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.So what will you do [18]to help？
[15]to consider ...and measures是动词不定式短语作动词need的宾语；making ...和taking ...是两个并列的动词-ing短语作动词consider的宾语；to reduce ...emissions是动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[16]our lifestyles produce是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词carbon dioxide。
[17]句中It作形式主语，动词不定式to seize every opportunity to educate作真正的主语；because引导原因状语从句；affecting all ...为动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰名词issue。
[18]动词不定式作目的状语。
①for decades几十年
②graph n.图；图表；曲线图
③along with 和……一起
④melt vi.& vt.（使）融化；熔化；软化
⑤provide evidence提供证据
⑥dramatic adj.急剧的；突然的
a dramatic change急剧变化
⑦be shocked by
因……而感到震惊
⑧according to根据；按照
⑨remain v.剩余；遗留
⑩starve vi.& vt.（使）挨饿；饿死
starvation n.饥饿；挨饿；饿死
claim vt.宣称；声称；断言
seal n.海豹
as before像以前那样
alarming adj.令人担忧的；令人惊恐的
alarm vt.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心n.恐慌；警报
have an impact on＝have an effect on对……有影响
ecology n.生态；生态学
key adj.最重要的；主要的；关键的n.钥匙
refer to指的是；描述；提到；参考
release vt.& n.排放；释放；发布
methane n.甲烷；沼气
carbon n.碳
dioxide n.二氧化物
carbon dioxide二氧化碳
trap vt.使陷入困境；收集；吸收
be trapped in ...被困在……
habitable adj.适合居住的
sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住
sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的
huge amounts of＝a huge amount of大量的；许多的
fossil n.化石
fuel n.燃料；刺激性言行
fossil fuel化石燃料（如煤或石油）
comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的
a comprehensive study一项全面的研究
comprehensive surveys综合调查
a comprehensive school一所综合性学校
worldwide adv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的
trend n.趋势；趋向；动向
frequently adv.频繁地；经常
frequent adj.频繁的；经常发生的
broadcast vt.& vi.播送；广播；传播n.广播节目；电视节目
loss n.损失；遗失；失败
continued adj.继续的；持久的
emission n.排放物；散发物；排放
result in导致
long-lasting adj.持久的；长期的
policy n.政策；方针；原则
as individuals作为个人
footprint n.足迹；（某物所占的）空间量；面积
restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚
restriction n.限制规定；限制法规；约束
responsibility n.责任；职责；义务
It’s one’s responsibility to do sth做某事是某人的责任
seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
seize an opportunity抓住机会
issue n.重要议题；争论的问题vt.宣布；公布
气候变化需要全世界的关注 我们了解气候变化已有数十年之久了。毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖（如图）。海洋和大气变暖，以及冰层融化、海平面上升，都为全球气候急剧变化提供了依据。 2013年，在挪威的北极圈斯瓦尔巴群岛的一个岛上，（人们）发现了一只死亡的北极熊，这张新闻图片令许多人感到震惊。据发现北极熊尸体的科学家说，这只北极熊仅剩“皮包骨”。一位长期研究北极熊的专家说，从尸体的姿势看，这只北极熊像是饿死的。专家称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，于是它只能长途跋涉去寻找食物。这一令人惊恐的案例反映了气温上升对地球生态造成的影响。 那么，到底是什么导致全球平均地表温度上升呢？气候科学家常常会提到一个关键的气候过程——“温室效应”；它有两个常见的含义：“天然”温室效应和“人造”温室效应。“天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地表变暖。这一热量以更大的波长被释放回大气层。大气层中甲烷、二氧化碳等温室气体困住了部分热量，从而使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住。如果没有这一过程，地球就无法维系生命。然而，“人造”温室效应现在却成了一个大问题。当人类由于燃烧化石燃料产生了大量额外的温室气体，更多的热能被困在大气层中，导致地表温度迅速上升。 确凿、全面的证据表明，温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，而且使人丧命。气候学家已发出警告：如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会持续下去，而我们将为此付出更大的代价。事实上，有关极端暴风雨和热浪造成死亡和经济损失的新闻报道已屡见不鲜。 温室气体的持续排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖，并带来持久的变化。这需要全世界人的关注。各国政府需考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施以减少温室气体的排放。作为个人，我们可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖，包括其成因和影响，因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。那么，你会做些什么来贡献力量呢？
Ⅰ.词块默写
1. 全球气候急剧变化
2. 气温上升
3. 被释放回太空
4. 保持地球气候温暖、适合居住
5. 大量额外的温室气体
6. 被困在大气层中
7. 确凿、全面的证据
8. 造成死亡和经济损失
9. 采取适当的行动和措施
10. 抓住每一个机会
Ⅱ.课文原句默写
1.毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖。
2.一位长期研究北极熊的专家说，从尸体的姿势看，这只北极熊像是饿死的。
3.专家称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，于是它只能长途跋涉去寻找食物。
4.温室气体的持续排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖，并带来持久的变化。
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 3 Section Ⅰ （1）
核心词汇集释
1.release vt.& n.排放；释放；发布
教材原句 The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.
这一热量以更大的波长被释放回大气层。
【用法】
（1）release sb （from sth） 释放某人；使某人免除……
release a movie/book/CD 发行一部电影/一本书/一张唱片
（2）a sense of release 解脱感；轻松感
on release 在公映；发行；释放
【佳句】 This is a positive attitude towards life that makes a difference to helping us release stress. （健康生活）
这种积极的生活态度对帮助我们释放压力起到了重要作用。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The documentary is release in theaters nationwide.
②The manager released her the project to focus on family issues.
【写美】 完成句子
③政府决定释放在动物园里被饲养的濒危海龟，以保护海洋生物多样性。
The government decided to to protect marine biodiversity.
2.restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚
教材原句 We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.
作为个人，我们可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。
【用法】
（1）restrict ...to ... 把……限制在……
（2）restriction n. 限制规定；限制法规；约束
restricted adj. 有限的；受限制的
restrictive adj. 限制性的；约束的
【佳句】 The number of club members is restricted to ten， so it is difficult to be admitted to the club.俱乐部成员的数量被限制在10人以内，因此进入这个俱乐部很难。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Due to budget （restrict）， the school had to cancel some extracurricular activities this semester.
【写美】 完成句子
②图书馆限制每位学生每月最多借5本书，以确保公平使用。
The library to ensure fair access.
3.seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
教材原句 It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming， along with its causes and impacts， because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖，包括其成因和影响，因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。
【用法】
seize sth from ...从……抓取/夺取某物
seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住一个机会
seize sb by the＋身体部位 抓住某人的……
be seized with 被（强烈的情感、愿望等）影响
seize on/upon 抓住（可利用的事物）
【佳句】 With those around me staring at me， fear seized me straight away， and I couldn’t resist trembling.周围的人都盯着我看，恐惧立刻将我笼罩，我忍不住颤抖起来。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①In panic， the mother seized her child by hand and rushed out of the burning building.
②After hearing the tragic news， she （seize） with grief and couldn’t stop crying.
【写美】 完成句子
③当教授推荐她时，她抓住了出国留学的机会。
She when her professor recommended her.
重点句型解构
◇句型公式：介词（短语）引导虚拟语气
教材原句 Without this process， Earth could not sustain life.
如果没有这一过程，地球就无法维系生命。
【用法】
本句中的Without this process是介词短语，相当于条件状语从句，引导虚拟语气。有类似用法的还有with、 otherwise、 or、 but for等。
【品悟】 Without your timely help， we couldn’t have succeeded in finishing the task on time.
如果没有你的及时帮助，我们不可能成功地按时完成任务。
【写美】 完成句子
①若无书中掉落的儿时照片，他绝不会记起失踪的妹妹的约定。
， he would never have remembered his missing sister’s promise.
②若非狗的突然吠叫，小偷早已带着钻石逃走了。
But for the dog’s sudden bark， the thief with the diamonds.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.I must s the golden opportunity to be admitted to the international enterprise.
2.The specialist told us that this seal s to death due to lack of food.
3.There is a growing t that more and more people are living a green life to protect the ecology from being damaged.
4.Our school is b an inspiring story to enhance our spirits.
5.The police officers decided on conducting a thorough and （详尽的） review of the case.
6.Because of these （政策） of reform and opening up， China has taken on a new look over the past decades.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1. （毫无疑问） your passion and kindness can bridge the gap between you and others.
2.Without my English teacher’s encouragement and assistance， （我早就放弃学英语了）.
3. （她不但对我们体贴）， but she also teaches in a humorous way.
4.I have good news to tell you （我被选为志愿者了） in the coming National Games.
5.Perhaps I could even find her a job as a shop assistant， （这要求英语较好）.
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 3 Section Ⅰ （2）
10 / 10Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Pre-reading
Before reading the passage， answer the following question.
What will happen if glaciers melt faster than before？
①As glaciers melt， the water runs into the oceans， causing sea levels to rise.
②Melting glaciers change the habitats of many species.
③Glaciers are a vital source of freshwater. Faster melting can lead to short-term increases in water supply， but in the long term， it can cause water shortages as glaciers shrink.
④The melting of glaciers can influence weather patterns.
While-reading
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
2.What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A.What leads to the “man-made” greenhouse effect.
B.Climate change is serious and needs our attention.
C.Extreme weather causes deaths and economic losses.
D.Measures are needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
答案：B
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.Which of the following is not a proof of a dramatic change in the global climate？（ ）
A.A warming ocean and atmosphere.
B.Melting ice.
C.Rising sea levels.
D.A large population.
2.What does the third paragraph mainly tell us？（ ）
A.What the “greenhouse effect” means.
B.Why the global temperature rises quickly.
C.How the heat is released back into space.
D.Why the “man-made” greenhouse effect is important to us.
3.Which of the following is not mentioned to deal with global warming？（ ）
A.People do not use plastic bags in their daily lives.
B.Governments make policies and take measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
C.People change inappropriate lifestyles.
D.People educate others about global warming，along with its causes and impacts.
4.What is the genre of this passage？（ ）
A.Prose （散文）. B.Narration.
C.Argumentation. D.Exposition.
5.What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text？（ ）
A.To show us the bad effects of global warming.
B.To explain the meaning of “carbon footprint”.
C.To tell us to prevent disasters from happening.
D.To call on us to do our bit to protect our planet.
答案：1－5 DAADD
第三步：辨难句拆分解读
1.An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body， the bear appeared to have starved and died.
句式分析：该句为复合句。who引导 限制性定语 从句，在从句中作 主语 ，指人；that引导 宾语 从句。
自主翻译： 一位长期研究北极熊的专家说，从尸体的姿势看，这只北极熊像是饿死的。
2.Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions，this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay.
句式分析：该句为复合句。that引导 宾语 从句，该从句中又包含了由if引导的 条件状语 从句。
自主翻译： 气候学家已发出警告：如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会持续下去，而我们将为此付出更大的代价。
3.It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming， along with its causes and impacts，because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
句式分析：该句为复合句。It为 形式主语 ，真正的主语是 动词不定式 ；because引导 原因状语 从句，affecting all of us on this planet为动词-ing短语作 后置定语 。
自主翻译： 我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖，包括其成因和影响，因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。
Post-reading
第一步：抒己见提升思维
What should we do to help stop global warming？
（1）Walk or ride a bike instead of taking a car whenever possible.
（2）Plant more trees and reduce energy consumption.
（3）Turn off the electric equipment when we don’t use it.
第二步：课文语法填空
There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.In 2013，many people 1. were shocked （shock） by a news photo of a dead polar bear which died of 2. starvation （starve）.Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels 3. caused （cause） by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before，so it had to travel greater distances to find food.Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature？Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”，4. which has two common meanings：the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect.The “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become 5. a big problem.There is strong and comprehensive evidence 6. that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide.In fact， news reports are 7. frequently （frequent） broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses.Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the 8. global （globe） climate.This requires the attention of people all over the world.We as individuals can reduce our “carbon footprint” by 9. restricting （restrict） the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.It is our responsibility 10. to seize （seize） every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming，along with its causes and impacts.
CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD’S ATTENTION
We have known about climate change for decades①.[1]There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer （see the graph②）. A warming ocean and atmosphere along with③ melting④ ice and rising sea levels provide evidence⑤ of a dramatic⑥ change in the global climate.
[1]There is little/no doubt that ...毫无疑问……，that 引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容。
In 2013， a lot of people were shocked by⑦ a news photo of a dead polar bear [2]that was found on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard. [3]According to⑧ the scientists who found its dead body， all that remained⑨ of the polar bear was “skin and bones”. An expert [4]who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body， the bear appeared [5]to have starved⑩ and died. Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels [6]caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before ， so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth’s ecology .
[2]that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词polar bear。
[3]who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词scientists； that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词all， that不能用which代替。
[4]who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词An expert。
[5]动词不定式的完成式作系动词appeared的表语。
[6]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词levels。
Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature？ [7]Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”， which has two common meanings： the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact [8]that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation. The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere， such as methane and carbon dioxide ，trap some of the heat， [9]keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable . Without this process， Earth could not sustain life.However， the “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem.When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by [10]burning fossil fuels ， more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature [11]to rise quickly.
[7]called the “greenhouse effect”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词process； which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the “greenhouse effect”。
[8]that引导同位语从句，解释说明the fact的具体内容。
[9]keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable是动词-ing短语作结果状语，warm and habitable是形容词短语作宾语补足语。
[10]动词-ing短语作介词by的宾语。
[11]动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。
[12]There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide ， not only causing serious damage， but also costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions， this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price [13]to pay. In fact， news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves [14]causing deaths and economic losses .
[12]There is ...evidence是主句；that引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容；not only causing ...和but also costing ...是两个并列的动词-ing短语作结果状语。
[13]动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词price。
[14]动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰名词短语extreme rainstorms and heatwaves。
Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate.This requires the attention of people all over the world.[15]Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint ” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide [16]our lifestyles produce. [17]It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming， along with its causes and impacts， because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.So what will you do [18]to help？
[15]to consider ...and measures是动词不定式短语作动词need的宾语；making ...和taking ...是两个并列的动词-ing短语作动词consider的宾语；to reduce ...emissions是动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[16]our lifestyles produce是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词carbon dioxide。
[17]句中It作形式主语，动词不定式to seize every opportunity to educate作真正的主语；because引导原因状语从句；affecting all ...为动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰名词issue。
[18]动词不定式作目的状语。
①for decades几十年
②graph n.图；图表；曲线图
③along with 和……一起
④melt vi.& vt.（使）融化；熔化；软化
⑤provide evidence提供证据
⑥dramatic adj.急剧的；突然的
a dramatic change急剧变化
⑦be shocked by因……而感到震惊
⑧according to根据；按照
⑨remain v.剩余；遗留
⑩starve vi.& vt.（使）挨饿；饿死
starvation n.饥饿；挨饿；饿死
claim vt.宣称；声称；断言
seal n.海豹
as before像以前那样
alarming adj.令人担忧的；令人惊恐的
alarm vt.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心n.恐慌；警报
have an impact on＝have an effect on对……有影响
ecology n.生态；生态学
key adj.最重要的；主要的；关键的n.钥匙
refer to指的是；描述；提到；参考
release vt.& n.排放；释放；发布
methane n.甲烷；沼气
carbon n.碳
dioxide n.二氧化物
carbon dioxide二氧化碳
trap vt.使陷入困境；收集；吸收
be trapped in ...被困在……
habitable adj.适合居住的
sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住
sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的
huge amounts of＝a huge amount of大量的；许多的
fossil n.化石
fuel n.燃料；刺激性言行
fossil fuel化石燃料（如煤或石油）
comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的
a comprehensive study一项全面的研究
comprehensive surveys综合调查
a comprehensive school一所综合性学校
worldwide adv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的
trend n.趋势；趋向；动向
frequently adv.频繁地；经常
frequent adj.频繁的；经常发生的
broadcast vt.& vi.播送；广播；传播n.广播节目；电视节目
loss n.损失；遗失；失败
continued adj.继续的；持久的
emission n.排放物；散发物；排放
result in导致
long-lasting adj.持久的；长期的
policy n.政策；方针；原则
as individuals作为个人
footprint n.足迹；（某物所占的）空间量；面积
restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚
restriction n.限制规定；限制法规；约束
responsibility n.责任；职责；义务
It’s one’s responsibility to do sth做某事是某人的责任
seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
seize an opportunity抓住机会
issue n.重要议题；争论的问题vt.宣布；公布
参考译文
气候变化需要全世界的关注
我们了解气候变化已有数十年之久了。毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖（如图）。海洋和大气变暖，以及冰层融化、海平面上升，都为全球气候急剧变化提供了依据。
2013年，在挪威的北极圈斯瓦尔巴群岛的一个岛上，（人们）发现了一只死亡的北极熊，这张新闻图片令许多人感到震惊。据发现北极熊尸体的科学家说，这只北极熊仅剩“皮包骨”。一位长期研究北极熊的专家说，从尸体的姿势看，这只北极熊像是饿死的。专家称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，于是它只能长途跋涉去寻找食物。这一令人惊恐的案例反映了气温上升对地球生态造成的影响。
那么，到底是什么导致全球平均地表温度上升呢？气候科学家常常会提到一个关键的气候过程——“温室效应”；它有两个常见的含义：“天然”温室效应和“人造”温室效应。“天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地表变暖。这一热量以更大的波长被释放回大气层。大气层中甲烷、二氧化碳等温室气体困住了部分热量，从而使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住。如果没有这一过程，地球就无法维系生命。然而，“人造”温室效应现在却成了一个大问题。当人类由于燃烧化石燃料产生了大量额外的温室气体，更多的热能被困在大气层中，导致地表温度迅速上升。
确凿、全面的证据表明，温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，而且使人丧命。气候学家已发出警告：如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会持续下去，而我们将为此付出更大的代价。事实上，有关极端暴风雨和热浪造成死亡和经济损失的新闻报道已屡见不鲜。
温室气体的持续排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖，并带来持久的变化。这需要全世界人的关注。各国政府需考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施以减少温室气体的排放。作为个人，我们可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖，包括其成因和影响，因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。那么，你会做些什么来贡献力量呢？
Ⅰ.词块默写
1. a dramatic change in the global climate
全球气候急剧变化
2. the increase in temperature 气温上升
3. be released back into space 被释放回太空
4. keep Earth’s climate warm and habitable
保持地球气候温暖、适合居住
5. huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases
大量额外的温室气体
6. be trapped in the atmosphere 被困在大气层中
7. strong and comprehensive evidence
确凿、全面的证据
8. cause deaths and economic losses
造成死亡和经济损失
9. take appropriate actions and measures
采取适当的行动和措施
10. seize every opportunity 抓住每一个机会
Ⅱ.课文原句默写
1.毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖。
There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.
2.一位长期研究北极熊的专家说，从尸体的姿势看，这只北极熊像是饿死的。
An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body， the bear appeared to have starved and died.
3.专家称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，于是它只能长途跋涉去寻找食物。
Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before， so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.
4.温室气体的持续排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖，并带来持久的变化。
Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate.
阅读理解
A
Automaker General Motors （GM） has announced the expectation of achieving carbon neutrality （碳中和） by 2040.On the way to that goal，the company hopes to get rid of automobile emissions （排放物） by 2035.
GM said it will take a science-based approach to become carbon neutral，balancing carbon dioxide emissions.Furthermore，it plans to remove gas-powered vehicle production by 2035.
“General Motors is joining governments and companies around the globe working to establish a safer，greener and better world，” said Mary Barra，GM chairman and CEO.“We encourage others to work together and make a significant influence on our industry and on the economy as a whole.”
Transportation is the largest contributor of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States， just over 28%，the Environmental Protection Agency reported.That is why GM and other industry leaders have joined the Science Based Targets initiative，which calls on businesses to take action to do with climate change.
A clear step for GM to become carbon neutral is to switch from internal combustion engines to electric vehicles.Traditional gas vehicles make up about 75% of GM’s greenhouse emissions，the company said.Their production facilities make up the other 25%，but the manufacturer aims to control the ratio （比率） by using wind and solar energy.GM said it will power its US factories with 100% renewable energy by 2030 and globally by 2035.
The bigger obstacle falls on the consumer.An electric vehicle is significantly more expensive.The Natural Resources Defense Council （NRDC） says the average electric car costs $19，000 more than a gasoline-powered car.But GM has spent years improving its battery technology.Maybe that’s the reason why it can get rid of automobile emissions in 2035 with much confidence.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。通用汽车公司宣布了到2040年实现碳中和的期望。
1.What measure is GM taking to achieve the goal of removing carbon dioxide emissions？（ ）
A.Working with global organizations.
B.Cutting back on battery-powered cars.
C.Gaining industrial and financial support.
D.Reducing production of cars powered by gas.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，为实现减排目标，通用汽车公司计划到2035年停止生产汽油动力汽车。
2.What is Mary Barra’s attitude towards GM’s carbon neutral approach？（ ）
A.Supportive. B.Opposed.
C.Critical. D.Indifferent.
解析：A 观点态度题。根据第三段中玛丽·巴拉所说的话可推知，玛丽·巴拉对通用汽车的碳中和方法是支持的。
3.According to the passage，what results in the greenhouse gas emissions in the US to a large extent？（ ）
A.Renewable energy. B.Fast food.
C.Transportation. D.Electric vehicles.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第四段首句可知，交通运输在很大程度上导致了美国温室气体排放物的产生。
4.Which of the following best explains the underlined word “manufacturer” in paragraph 5？（ ）
A.Consumer. B.Environmentalist.
C.Producer. D.Advertiser.
解析：C 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，manufacturer想要通过利用清洁能源来减少排放。由此可推知，其拥有生产设备，所以manufacturer应为生产者。
B
Global warming is the increase of the earth’s average surface temperature due to the effect of greenhouse gases，for example，carbon dioxide， which traps heat that would otherwise escape from the earth.After the trees are cut down and more greenhouse gases are released，the “blanket” around the earth called the ozone layer （臭氧层），will get thicker.This catches more heat and makes the earth hotter.Luckily，there are many things that every citizen of the earth can do to help reduce the effects of global warming， and it is never too late or too early for children to take action.
The children should learn what a carbon footprint is.A carbon footprint is the amount of carbon and greenhouse gases people make as they lead the daily life and go about the normal activities.In other words，the carbon footprint is a measure of the environmental impact the life has.To live an environmentally friendly life that doesn’t contribute to global warming，people want to have the smallest carbon footprint possible.
Almost everything people do contributes to global warming and is related to fossil fuel consumption.These can be direct uses of fossil fuels，like riding in a gasoline-powered car，or indirect contributions to greenhouse gases，such as eating fruits or vegetables that have to be shipped from far away to reach their tables.
If a child wants to make a contribution to reducing global warming，he should ride a bicycle to the near park， school， his friend’s house，or anywhere else instead of taking the car.Or he may try to walk or jog，which is also helpful.In addition，although trains and buses often run on fossil fuels， on average，each person uses less energy and produces less pollution to run.Next time if children with their parents have to get around town or it’s too far to walk or bike，take the bus or other public transportation instead of asking for a ride.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。由于二氧化碳等温室气体的影响，全球气候变暖，文章号召人们教育和引导孩子为减缓全球变暖采取实际行动，做出贡献。
5.What is the main reason for global warming？（ ）
A.Too much greenhouse gases being released.
B.The ozone layer having caught more heat.
C.Too many trees having been cut down.
D.The earth’s inner temperature having increased.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，全球变暖的主要原因是太多的温室气体被释放。
6.What is the main idea of paragraph 2？（ ）
A.Life has an impact on carbon footprint.
B.The definition of a carbon footprint.
C.People should live an environmentally friendly life.
D.People make a huge amount of carbon and greenhouse gases.
解析：B 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍碳足迹的定义。
7.For whom does the author want to write the passage？（ ）
A.Scientists. B.Parents.
C.Children educators. D.Adults.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第一段末句、第二段首句以及最后一段内容可知，文章主要是关于如何帮助孩子理解全球变暖以及如何作出行动。由此推知，这篇文章是写给儿童教育工作者的。
8.What can be a suitable title for the text？（ ）
A.What Can People Do to Use Less Energy？
B.Why Does Global Warming Affect Humans’ Lives？
C.How Can Kids Help Reduce Global Warming？
D.How Does Carbon Footprint Measure Pollution？
解析：C 标题归纳题。根据第一段末句和最后一段中的If a child wants to make a contribution to reducing global warming，he should ...which is also helpful.可知，C项（孩子们如何帮助减缓全球变暖？）符合文章主旨，适合作文章标题。
核心词汇集释
1.release vt.& n.排放；释放；发布
教材原句 The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.
这一热量以更大的波长被释放回大气层。
【用法】
（1）release sb （from sth） 释放某人；使某人免除…… release a movie/book/CD 发行一部电影/一本书/一张唱片 （2）a sense of release 解脱感；轻松感 on release 在公映；发行；释放
【佳句】 This is a positive attitude towards life that makes a difference to helping us release stress. （健康生活）
这种积极的生活态度对帮助我们释放压力起到了重要作用。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The documentary is on release in theaters nationwide.
②The manager released her from the project to focus on family issues.
【写美】 完成句子
③政府决定释放在动物园里被饲养的濒危海龟，以保护海洋生物多样性。
The government decided to release the endangered sea turtles raised in the zoo to protect marine biodiversity.
2.restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚
教材原句 We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.
作为个人，我们可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。
【用法】
（1）restrict ...to ... 把……限制在…… （2）restriction n. 限制规定；限制法规；约束 restricted adj. 有限的；受限制的 restrictive adj. 限制性的；约束的
【佳句】 The number of club members is restricted to ten， so it is difficult to be admitted to the club.
俱乐部成员的数量被限制在10人以内，因此进入这个俱乐部很难。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Due to budget restrictions （restrict）， the school had to cancel some extracurricular activities this semester.
【写美】 完成句子
②图书馆限制每位学生每月最多借5本书，以确保公平使用。
The library restricts the number of books each student can borrow to five per month to ensure fair access.
3.seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
教材原句 It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming， along with its causes and impacts， because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖，包括其成因和影响，因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。
【用法】
seize sth from ... 从……抓取/夺取某物 seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住一个机会 seize sb by the＋身体部位抓住某人的…… be seized with 被（强烈的情感、愿望等）影响 seize on/upon 抓住（可利用的事物）
【佳句】 With those around me staring at me， fear seized me straight away， and I couldn’t resist trembling.周围的人都盯着我看，恐惧立刻将我笼罩，我忍不住颤抖起来。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①In panic， the mother seized her child by the hand and rushed out of the burning building.
②After hearing the tragic news， she was seized （seize） with grief and couldn’t stop crying.
【写美】 完成句子
③当教授推荐她时，她抓住了出国留学的机会。
She seized the chance to study abroad when her professor recommended her.
重点句型解构
◇句型公式：介词（短语）引导虚拟语气
教材原句 Without this process， Earth could not sustain life.
如果没有这一过程，地球就无法维系生命。
【用法】
本句中的Without this process是介词短语，相当于条件状语从句，引导虚拟语气。有类似用法的还有with、 otherwise、 or、 but for等。
【品悟】 Without your timely help， we couldn’t have succeeded in finishing the task on time.
如果没有你的及时帮助，我们不可能成功地按时完成任务。
【写美】 完成句子
①若无书中掉落的儿时照片，他绝不会记起失踪的妹妹的约定。
Without/But for the childhood photo falling from the book ， he would never have remembered his missing sister’s promise.
②若非狗的突然吠叫，小偷早已带着钻石逃走了。
But for the dog’s sudden bark， the thief would have escaped with the diamonds.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.I must seize the golden opportunity to be admitted to the international enterprise.
2.The specialist told us that this seal starved to death due to lack of food.
3.There is a growing trend that more and more people are living a green life to protect the ecology from being damaged.
4.Our school is broadcasting an inspiring story to enhance our spirits.
5.The police officers decided on conducting a thorough and comprehensive （详尽的） review of the case.
6.Because of these policies （政策） of reform and opening up， China has taken on a new look over the past decades.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1. There is little doubt that （毫无疑问） your passion and kindness can bridge the gap between you and others.
2.Without my English teacher’s encouragement and assistance， I would have given up studying English （我早就放弃学英语了）.
3. Not only does she treat us with consideration （她不但对我们体贴）， but she also teaches in a humorous way.
4.I have good news to tell you that I have been chosen to be a volunteer （我被选为志愿者了） in the coming National Games.
5.Perhaps I could even find her a job as a shop assistant， which requires better English （这要求英语较好）.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.I screamed and wept bitterly in bed.All that crying finally released （释放） my uncontrollable anger.
2.I’m delighted to hear our station will broadcast （广播） English programs.
3.As we all know， artificial intelligence is the future trend （趋势） of science and technology.
4.Millions of tons of plastic are used worldwide （遍及全球地） to make water bottles each year.
5.It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the air， reducing carbon （碳） emissions.
6.The rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel （燃料）.
7.Has the city carried out the policy that bans smoking in public places？
8.When the opportunity comes， please seize it without hesitation.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Now we are shocked （shock） by how terribly our environment has been damaged， so we must restore it as soon as possible.
2.By the time a child becomes an adult， he needs to learn how he can deal with the success and failure connected with risk-taking.
3.No one can deny the fact that these reforms have contributed to the further development of our economy.
4.What has happened lately has caused the surgeon to be （be） more optimistic about his future life.
5.Skipping breakfast regularly will definitely cause damage to your physical health.
6.Governments need to consider making （make） policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
7.It is our responsibility to approach （approach） the serious public problem that has happened repeatedly.
8.Only by following the above tips can you turn your pessimistic mood into an optimistic one.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1. There is no doubt that （毫无疑问） people’s cutting down trees and digging up grass have caused much land to become deserts.
2.Thus，it is high time that we restricted/should restrict our improper behaviour （限制我们的不当行为）.
3.We should also start from small things and seize every opportunity to restore the forests and grass （抓住一切机会恢复森林和草地）.
4.Without good environment，human beings couldn’t/wouldn’t live a happy and harmonious life （无法过上幸福和谐的生活）.
5.We are starving to improve the situation （渴望改善这种状况） with joint efforts.
Ⅳ.一词多义/熟词生义
快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思
1.refer to
A.查阅 B.提到 C.指的是 D.涉及
①She referred to the subject several times during the speech. B
②These notes refer to a case of murder. D
③You can refer to the dictionary when coming across unfamiliar words. A
④When I spoke of that girl，I wasn’t referring to her daughter. C
快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加蓝词汇的意思
2.It is such a long distance that the plane has to stop at Dubai Airport to fuel up. 加油
3.We protested about the changes for a long time，but in the end we had to submit. 屈服
4.Once you’ve broken the seal of a bottle， there’s no way you can put it back together again. 封口
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
When put to the test， bees have proved over and over again that they’ve got a lot more to offer than pollinating （授粉）， making honey and being loyal to a queen.The industrious insects can count and alter their behavior when things seem difficult， and now some scientists say there’s proof that they also like to play.A study recently published in Animal Behavior suggests that bumblebees， when given the chance， like to fool around with toys.
Researchers from Queen Mary University of London conducted an experiment in which they set up a container that allowed bees to travel from their nest to a feeding area.But along the way， the bees could opt to pass through a separate section with a few small wooden balls.Over 18 days， the scientists watched as the bees went out of their way to roll wooden balls repeatedly， despite no apparent motivation to do so.The finding suggests that like humans， insects also interact with lifeless objects as a form of play.Also similar to people， younger bees seemed to be more playful than adult bees.
“This research provides a strong indication that insect minds are far more sophisticated than we might imagine，” Lars Chittka， a professor of sensory and behavioral ecology at Queen Mary University of London， who led the study， said in a statement.“There are lots of animals who play just for the purposes of enjoyment， but most examples come from young mammals and birds，” said Chittka.
The study’s first author， Samadi Galpayage， who is a PhD student at Queen Mary University of London， added that there is yet more evidence that insects may be capable of experiencing feelings.
“They may actually experience some kind of positive emotional states.This sort of finding has implications for our understanding of feelings and welfare of insects and will， hopefully， encourage us to respect and protect life on Earth ever more，” she said in the statement.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究结果表明，昆虫的思维比人类想象的复杂。这项研究对于保护昆虫有很大的作用。
1.What can we know about bees from a recent study？（ ）
A.They can adapt to new situations.
B.They are quite faithful to the queen.
C.They are more intelligent than expected.
D.They are probably fond of having fun.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，从最近的研究中可以了解到蜜蜂可能喜欢玩耍。
2.Why do the scientists design a separate section with small wooden balls？（ ）
A.To find out whether bees will be distracted.
B.To prohibit bees from going through the pass.
C.To better watch bees play with lifeless objects.
D.To figure out how bees interact with each other.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第二段最后三句可推知，设计小木球的目的是看看蜜蜂是否会分心。
3.What does the underlined word “sophisticated” in paragraph 3 probably mean？（ ）
A.Energetic. B.Complicated.
C.Social. D.Outgoing.
解析：B 词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，这项研究有力地表明，昆虫的思维比我们想象的要复杂得多。sophisticated意为“复杂的”。
4.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs？（ ）
A.Insects are badly treated nowadays.
B.Bees are one of the smartest insects.
C.Insects may have feelings like humans.
D.Insects are a reminder of nature protection.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，昆虫可能和人类一样会有情感。
B
If you’ve ever wondered where water on Earth comes from， new research on a meteorite （陨石） which landed in a family’s front yard in England last year may have just the answer.Researchers from London’s Natural History Museum and the University of Glasgow， in Scotland， studied the meteorite found in the town of Winchcombe， Gloucestershire， discovering it contained water similar to that found on Earth.
Published in the journal Science Advances， the study reveals that outer-space rocks may have brought vital chemical components such as water to our planet billions of years ago， establishing the oceans and all life on Earth.
Imaging and chemical analysis of the Winchcombe meteorite revealed it contains around 11% water and 2% carbon by weight， making it the first of its kind found in the UK.The team， which measured the rate of hydrogen isotopes in the water， found that it closely resembled the composition of water on Earth.
Recovered within 12 hours of its landing with the aid of the UK Fireball Alliance， an organization which aims to recover freshly-fallen meteorites in the UK， it had very little time to be altered by the Earth’s atmosphere.“We know this means everything inside it is 100% outer-space including the 11% water it contains，” Daly said.“Most meteorites have ‘Earth-like’ water but these rocks alter and degrade within days or weeks of being on Earth， and so they could just be Earth-like because they have absorbed rain water or something.”
Daly called the Winchcombe meteorite a “lucky” find.It was only the size of a basketball， so if it was traveling at a different speed or at a different angle， it would have all burnt up， he said， adding that it was a great cooperation of the UK cosmochemistry network who came together to throw the kitchen sink at studying this rock.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在英国发现的一颗陨石可能揭示了地球上水的起源。科学家对陨石的成分进行研究后发现，其内部水与地球上的水相似。
5.What did the researchers find about the meteorite？（ ）
A.It had absorbed some rain water.
B.It landed in a family’s front yard.
C.It changed the town of Winchcombe.
D.It might reveal the origin of water on Earth.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，陨石可能会揭示地球上水的起源。
6.How did the researchers analyse the meteorite？（ ）
A.By calculating its weight.
B.By studying its composition.
C.By measuring its chemical stability.
D.By comparing its resemblance with others.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，研究人员通过分析陨石的成分来研究它。
7.Why does Daly mention “Earth-like” water of other meteorites？（ ）
A.To suggest that there are more similar research findings.
B.To demonstrate the universality of meteorites’ being polluted.
C.To show the changeable feature of the Winchcombe meteorite.
D.To prove the water of the Winchcombe meteorite is outer-space.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，Daly提到其他陨石的“类地”水主要是证明Winchcombe陨石中的水确实是来自外太空。
8.Why is the Winchcombe meteorite regarded as a “lucky” find？（ ）
A.It narrowly missed being burned.
B.It won many British scientists’ heart.
C.It came to the Earth at a perfect time.
D.It landed in a very appropriate place.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Winchcombe陨石被认为是一个“幸运”的发现，因为它差点儿就被烧毁了。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Going on holiday doesn’t have to be bad for the environment， and there are still plenty of ways you can have a much-deserved break without harming the environment.
Forget planes.While most forms of transport produce carbon dioxide， planes have a massive carbon footprint because of the huge number of miles they travel.9.（ ） Many of us ignore the endless beautiful scenery around us.There’s the unparalleled beauty of the Mississippi River.Alternatively，you can drive your car to the Grand Canyon to see its splendor.
Pack with care.10.（ ） All of their bottles，from shampoo and conditioner to body wash and moisturizer， are now made from recycled plastic that can be repurposed again and again so no new plastic is produced.And their iconic soap bars now also come in plastic-free packaging.
11.（ ）Hotels can be huge producers of greenhouse gases.Think about the water that’s wasted and all the buffet food that goes uneaten.So choose an eco-friendly option instead.Camping and a home stay — where you live with a family in their own home — are two of the best options.But if you insist on staying in the hotel，pick one made from sustainable materials.12.（ ）
Buy gifts responsibly.Bringing back gifts for friends and loved ones is part of the fun of a holiday.13.（ ） Avoid anything plastic，or if it is plastic，make sure it is 100% recyclable，and make sure your friends will love whatever you give them so it isn’t just thrown in the bin headed for landfill.
A.Think about green accommodation.
B.Consider living in an eco-friendly hotel.
C.But make sure you choose items carefully.
D.Take brand-name beauty and bath products with you.
E.It’s also acceptable to live in a hotel using new energy.
F.So why not skip flying in favor of a holiday closer to home？
G.So why do planes consume so much fuel compared with other transport？
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有助于在度假时更好地保护环境的几条建议。
9.F 上文提到放弃坐飞机并介绍了飞机的缺点，下文提到，我们大部分人忽略了我们周围的无限美景。F项建议大家不要选择坐飞机出行，而是在家附近游览，符合语境。
10.D 根据空前一句和空后一句中的All of their bottles可知，空处应是建议带某些产品，D项符合语境，D项中的bath products呼应下文的shampoo， body wash， soap bars等洗浴用品。
11.A 根据下文So choose an eco-friendly option instead.可知，本段主要建议选择一个环保的住处，A项符合语境。
12.E 根据空前一句可知，空处应承接上文，继续说明要选择怎样的酒店，E项（住在使用新型能源的酒店里也是可以接受的）符合语境。
13.C 空前说到带礼物是旅行的乐趣，空后则说明了要如何挑礼物才能不浪费。由此可知，空处应是转折意义，引出需要慎重选择礼物，C项符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
10-year-old Sasha Olsen went on a trip in the summer of 2021 with her family to Vietnam and Japan.She was shocked at the ocean’s pollution levels and dying sea animals.
“We went on this trip and I was so 14 ，” said Sasha.“But when I saw the way the oceans had become，I got upset.I wanted to know why things were this way but couldn’t find an 15 .”
When she returned home to Bal Harbour， Florida， she grew even more 16 .She learned some of the 17 in South Florida had been closed by the health department because the 18 had too much bacteria （细菌） in it.
Sasha sought the 19 of her cousin，Narmina Aliyev.Together，they 20 a nonprofit organization — I want my ocean back. 21 the group started small， with friends joining together on weekends to 22 the beaches in Bal Harbour.Recently，however， she has 23 events to raise funds for beach cleanups and to 24 to protection groups.
“It’s 25 to bring awareness not just through doing cleanups and meetings， but to show people they can come together through their hobbies and 26 together to a common goal，” said Sasha.
Sasha hopes to 27 their work to neighboring cities.“We really want to make ourselves visible and 28 to all，” said Sasha.“After all， in Miami the ocean is everyone’s backyard.This is the best place to start.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。小女孩Sasha Olsen在一次旅行经历中注意到海洋污染问题，于是与表姐共同建立了一个非营利组织清理海滩，并组织活动提高人们的环保意识。
14.A.tired B.depressed
C.excited D.disappointed
解析：C 根据下文中的But可知，此空与upset相反，意为“兴奋的”。
15.A.answer B.approach
C.opportunity D.opinion
解析：A 根据I wanted to know why things were this way可知，此处指Sasha找不到这个问题的答案。
16.A.absorbed B.upset
C.embarrassed D.confused
解析：B 根据上文But when I saw the way the oceans had become， I got upset.可知，此处指Sasha更加沮丧。
17.A.organizations B.oceans
C.animals D.beaches
解析：D 根据下文with friends joining together on weekends to 22 the beaches in Bal Harbour可知，此处指一些沙滩被关闭了。
18.A.trip B.city
C.water D.people
解析：C 根据上文She was shocked at the ocean’s pollution levels可知，此处指水中有太多细菌。
19.A.help B.suggestion
C.praise D.comfort
解析：A 根据语境和句意可知，此处指Sasha寻求她表姐的帮助。
20.A.picked up B.took up
C.set up D.got up
解析：C 根据a nonprofit organization — I want my ocean back可知，此处指她们成立一个非营利性组织。
21.A.Fortunately B.Originally
C.Consequently D.Temporarily
解析：B 根据the group started small可推断，起初该组织规模比较小。
22.A.research B.pick
C.explore D.clean
解析：D 根据下文not just through doing cleanups可知，这个组织在周末会去清理沙滩。
23.A.held B.bought
C.recorded D.witnessed
解析：A 根据events to raise funds可知，她举办活动来筹集资金。
24.A.refer B.turn
C.donate D.lead
解析：C 根据上文to raise funds for beach cleanups可知，此处与举办活动为海洋清理筹集资金相照应，指给保护组织捐款。
25.A.foolish B.important
C.potential D.appealing
解析：B 根据语境可知，提高人们的意识是很重要的。
26.A.learn B.make
C.play D.work
解析：D 根据to a common goal可知，此处指人们为了共同的目标一起努力。
27.A.extend B.observe
C.convey D.announce
解析：A 根据to neighboring cities可知，此处表示将此工作拓展到邻近城市。
28.A.intelligent B.individual
C.interesting D.influential
解析：D 根据语境可知，将这些工作拓展到邻近的城市，就是为了扩大该组织的影响力。
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