初中英语三大从句复习学案（宾语从句+定语从句+状语从句）

初中英语三大从句
that 无意无用（宾语从句中常省略）
1) 连接词 if/whether 有意无用
(
能作句子成分
) (
词义
)宾语从句 wh- how 有意有用
语序：陈述句语序：S V.
时态： 主用现将从不限，主过从过对应变，真金不怕火炼。
P/S. 在宾语从句中，whether 和 if 一般可互换，但下列情况下，whether 不可以用if 代替：
当介词或discuss 后接宾语从句时，只能用whether;
We are talking about whether we should attend a lecture on Pompeii tomorrow.
We are discussing whether we should attend a lecture on Pompeii tomorrow.
2)与or not 连用时，只能用whether;
I don’t know whether or not the plane will take off in such foggy weather.
3) 其后接动词不定式时，只能用whether。
He was still hesitating over whether to go or to stay.
定语从句：
定语从句：修饰名词、代词或名词短语的从句叫定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。
3）关系代词和关系副词
定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词有：who, whom, which, that和whose。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有：when, where和why。在定语从句中充当状语。
4）关系代词的用法
基本用法：
根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。
如下表：
关系词 先行词 从句 成分 例句 备注
关系代词 who 人 主语，宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that。 that 用法真有趣，两个地方它不去：逗号后面它不去，介词之后不考虑。
whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.
whose 人，物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate.
that 人，物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
that与which, who, whom的用法区别：
情况 用法说明 例句
只用that的情况 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 先行词既指人又指物时 先行词被the only, the very修饰时 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时 1. He told me everything that he knows. 2. All the books that you offered have been given out. 3. This is the best film that I have ever read. 4. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 5. He is the only man that I want to see. 6. Who is the man that is making a speech
只用which, who, whom的情况 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。 1. He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. 2. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. 3. Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
5)关系副词的用法
①根据关系词在从句中所作成分选用关系副词/关系代词，主要取决于其在从句中所作的成分,如果表示时间、地点、原因的名词，在从句中不作状语，而作主语、宾语、表语时，用which/that。
I still remember the day that we spent together.
This is the place which we visited.
I won’t listen to the reason that you have given us.
②当先行词为by the time, any time, every time, the first time, the last time时，关系词不用when，而用that或省略。
例如： This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.
By the time he was 14 he had learned advanced English.
③当先行词为way时，关系词用in which，that或者省略。
She didn’t like the way(in which/that) you told me.
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注
关系 副词 when 时间 状语 He came at a time when we needed him most. We’ll never forget the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. =at/in/on/during which
where 地点 状语 This is the room where he he was born. =at/in/to which
why 原因 状语 I know the reason why she studies so well. = for which
状语从句：在复合句中充当状语的句子。
在时间和条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表将来。
从属连词 引导时间状语从句 when，while，as，after，before，until/till，since，as soon as
引导原因状语从句 because，since，as
引导条件状语从句 if，unless，once，so long as
引导目的状语从句 so that，in order that
引导让步状语从句 although，though，even if，even though whatever
引导地点状语从句 where， wherever
引导比较状语从句 than，as
引导方式状语从句 as，as if，as though
引导结果状语从句 so，so that，so...that...，such...that...
考场练兵
（一）用适当的连接词或者括号内所给的词填空：
The headmaster will decide _______ music can be played during break times.
2.I know______ the two sides should have different opinions about aims and methods.
3.He wondered _____ has stolen his phone.
4.Bob was not sure ____I didn’t attend the meeting.
We won’t allow______ breaks the rule.
When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know _____ lane he is entering.
The government worries about ____ the environment should be better protected.
They wonder ____ or not the old bus station should be replaced with a modern restaurant.
Could you tell me____ he is late for school .
Please tell us____ is going to speak at the important meeting.
The workers are sure____ they will complete the building in three months.
Some people are interested in ____ women’s sense of smell is better developed than that of men.
He promised ___ if I passed the exam, he would buy me a new cellphone.
14.Mr. Black doesn’t doubt______ English is being accepted as an international language.
15. I wonder _____ we can do about the big problem.
16. It depends on _____ the weather is fine.
17. The teacher asked the new student _____ class he was in.
18. Tom was surprised ____Lily would go to work in a mountain village.
19. The teacher said that the earth _______( go)round the sun.
20.Fred asked whether you ____________(be)to Paris.
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：
Many westerners ____ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
I will tell you a second story ____ sounds very exciting.
This is the house in ____ MO Yan once lived.
Kate, _____sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
I like those books ______ topics are about history.
We all admire the way _____Tom treats his children.
When I arrived, Duran took me to see the house______ I would be staying.
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _____ the weather may be better.
I don’t know the reason ____he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
Nowadays people are concern about the environment ______ they live.
____ their parents expect, all the children go to college.
The old man has two sons, both of _____ are doctors.
In 1961 the UN set up the world Food Programme, one of _______purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
Tell me everything _____ you know.
They live in an apartment ____ was built last century.
（三）用适当的连接词或者括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
1．He will come to call on you when he______(finish) his painting.
2．The bikes made in our factory are better than ____ made in theirs.
3．The boy does his homework more carefully _____ before.
4．I have lived here _____ I was born.
5．He made______ big a fire that the room was quite warm.
6．The old tower must be saved，______ it cost.
7． _______ he was tired，he decided not to have a rest.
8．I’ll go to see the film with you______I have time this evening..
9．The doctor advised me to live _____ the air is fresh.
10．It was ______ he was ill that he didn’t attend the meeting.
11. ________ wins the election, it won’t make any difference to me.
12. Mike is ___________ honest boy that all of us like him.
14. Two years ago, a new school was set up_________there had once been a factory.
15.What were you doing _____________your mum was watching the videos