Day20. 简单句五大句型与 There be 句型就近原则与反意疑问句
参考答案与详解
第一部分解析
1.A | 【解析】There be就近原则。靠近 be动词的主语是 "a dictionary"(单数),故用 is。
2.D | 【解析】宾语从句反意疑问句。主句是 "I think" 时,反意疑问部分应根据从句的主谓一致。从句是 "the
math problem is...",故用 isn't it。
3.A | 【解析】S+V+P(主系表)。music是物,听起来用 sound。listen为不及物动词,不接表语。
4.C | 【解析】There be将来时。There be句型没有 have形式,排除 A、B、D。将来时为 there will be 或 there
is going to be。
5.A | 【解析】反意疑问句“前否后肯”。陈述句中有 never(否定),问句用肯定 has he。
6.B | 【解析】祈使句固定搭配。Let's...(包括对方)固定用 shall we ;Let us...(不包括对方)用 will you 。
7.B | 【解析】S+V+IO+DO。tell sb. sth.,间宾用代词宾格 us,interesting首字母元音用 an。
8.C | 【解析】逻辑辨析。问句是 "is there "(肯定),说明陈述句是否定,四个选项中只有 little(几乎没有)
表否定。
9.A | 【解析】否定祈使句。无论是肯定还是否定祈使句,反意疑问部分通常统一使用 will you 。
10.D | 【解析】S+V+O+OC。find it + adj. + to do sth.,其中 it 是形式宾语,形容词是宾补。
第二部分解析
11.was | 【解析】就近原则主语是 bread(不可数),时间状语是 just now(过去),填 was。
12.isn't it | 【解析】Everything/Something等不定代词做主语,反意疑问代词用 it。
13.doesn't think | 【解析】考察简单句主谓一致,主语是 my mother,时态为一般现在。
14.will be / is going to be | 【解析】There be 句型的将来时,条件状语从句暗示将来。
15.did she | 【解析】陷阱题。hardly 表否定,问句用肯定;had 是实义动词的过去式,助动词用 did。
第三部分解析
16.painted the classroom blue | 【解析】classroom 是宾语,blue 是宾补。
17.aren't there | 【解析】There be 句型的反意疑问部分必须沿用 there。
18.Let's go for a walk after dinner, shall we | 【解析】考察 Let's 的标准结构及反意疑问问句。30 天早背晚练——初中英语语法强基训练计划
Day 20:简单句五大句型与 There be 句型就近原则与反意疑问句
一、简单句五大句型:英语句子的“基因图谱”
英语中千万个句子,拆解到底都逃不出这五个基础模板。
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序号 句型结构 (S-V-X) 核心特征 典型例句
1 主 + 谓 (S + V) 动词是不及物动词(vi.),后面不接宾语。 The sun rises.
2 主 + 系 + 表 (S + V + P) 连系动词(be, look, feel, taste 等)接表语。 She looks happy.
3 主 + 谓 + 宾 (S + V + O) 动词是及物动词(vt.),后接动作承受者。 I love English.
4 主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾 常用的双宾动词:give, send, buy, tell。 He gave me a gift.
5 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 补充说明宾语的状态:make, call, find。 We keep the room clean.
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双宾区分: “人”通常是间接宾语,“物”是直接宾语。记不住?想公式:give sb. (人) sth. (物)。
系动词感官类: 记住口诀“五感(看听摸闻尝)+一变(become/get)+一保持(keep)+两好像(seem/appear)”。
二、 There be 句型:存在关系与就近原则
1. 定义:
表示“某地有某物”,侧重存在空间。不可与 have (所属关系) 混用。
(×) There have a book... → (√) There is a book...
2. 就近原则 (Proximity Principle):
当 There be 后接多个并列主语时,be 动词的数必须与最靠近它的那个主语保持一致。
There is [a pen] and two books on the desk.
There were [some apples] and an orange in the box.
3. 时态与情态扩展:
将来时: There will be... 或 There is/are going to be... (注意:无 will have)
完成时: There has/have been...
三、 反意疑问句 (Tag Questions):心理博弈的逻辑
反意疑问句由“陈述句 + 简短问句”构成,核心逻辑是:前肯后否,前否后肯。
1. 基本原则
时态一致: 陈述句用什么时态,问句就用什么时态。
人称一致: 问句主语必须用代词。
例:Tom is a student, isn't he (不能用 isn't Tom )
2. 避坑指南
“半否定词”陷阱:
当陈述句含有 hardly, few, little, never, seldom, nobody 等否定词时,问句用肯定。
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例:He has few friends, does he
不定代词:
Everything/Something... → 问句用 it。
Everyone/Somebody/Nobody... → 问句用 they。
祈使句:
肯定/否定祈使句 → 问句一律常用 will you
Let's go (包括我) → shall we
Let us go (不包括我) → will you
I think 宾语从句:
主语是 I/We 时,问句要根据从句变。
例:I think he is right, isn't he
主语是其他人时,根据主句变。
例:He thinks you are right, doesn't he
四、记忆技巧
回答反意疑问句的“定律”:不管对方怎么问,只要事实是肯定的就用 Yes,事实是否定的就用 No。当陈述句为否定时
(前否后肯),译法特殊:
—You aren't a teacher, are you (你不是老师吧?)
— Yes, I am. (不,我是。) / — No, I'm not. (是的,我不是。)
There be 的反意疑问:固定搭配,必须沿用 there。
There is some water, isn't there
五、出题方向参考
在未来的中考趋势中,五大句型常结合“主谓一致”在填空题中考查。
反意疑问句的考查重点在于 hardly/little 的识别以及 Let's 与 Let us 的区别。
建议学生在复习时,重点练习“前否后肯”的回答逻辑。
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30 天早背晚练——初中英语语法强基训练计划
Day 20:简单句五大句型与 There be 句型就近原则与反意疑问句【配套练习】
姓名: 日期: 分数:
一、 单项选择【考查:五大句型辨析、There be 就近原则、反意疑问句特殊用法。】
1.(2024·江苏模拟)— There ________ a dictionary and some books on the desk. Whose are they — They are mine.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
2.(2023·武汉)— I think the math problem is very difficult, ________ — No, it’s quite easy.
A. do I B. don’t I C. is it D. isn’t it
3.(2022·北京) The music ________ sweet. I like it very much.
A. sounds B. listens C. hears D. looks
4.(2024·模拟预测) There ________ a meaningful basketball match in our school next week.
A. is going to have B. will have C. is going to be D. will be have
5.(2023·上海) He has never been to the Great Wall, ________
A. has he B. hasn’t he C. does he D. doesn’t he
6.(2021·广东) Let’s go to the museum this afternoon, ________
A. will you B. shall we C. don’t you D. do we
7.(2022·四川) Our teacher told us ________ interesting story yesterday. (辨析 S+V+IO+DO)
A. we a B. us an C. we an D. us a
8.(2024·模拟预测) There is ________ milk in the bottle, is there
A. much B. some C. little D. a little
9.(2023·重庆) Don't make any noise, ________
A. will you B. do you C. shall we D. don't you
10.(2022·天津)We found ________ necessary to learn English well. (辨析 S+V+O+OC)
A. that B. this C. one D. it
二、 用所给词的适当形式或适当词填空
11.(2023·河南) There ________ (be) some bread and two apples on the plate just now.
12.(2024·模拟预测) Everything is ready for the party, ________ ________ (完成反意疑问句)
13.(2022·杭州) I think the movie is wonderful, but my mother ________ (not think) so.
14.(2023·陕西) There ________ (be) a sports meeting in our school if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
15.(2024·模拟) She hardly had any time for her hobbies, ________ ________ (完成反意疑问句)
三、 综合应用:翻译与句型转换
16.(翻译) 去年他们把教室粉刷成了蓝色。(考查 S+V+O+OC 句型)
They ________________________________________________ last year.
17.(句型转换) There are some students in the playground. (改为反意疑问句)
There are some students in the playground, ________________
18.(翻译) 晚饭后去散步怎么样,好吗?(用 Let's... 引导)________________________________________________.
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