30 天早背晚练——初中英语语法强基训练计划
Day 21：直接与间接引语转换规则
一、 转换核心逻辑：三大调整原则
直接引语转为间接引语，本质上是将引语部分变为由 that/if/whether 或疑问词引导的宾语从句。
1. 人称的变化
一随主： 直接引语的一人称（I, we）随主句主语变。二随宾： 直接引语的二人称（you）随主句宾语变。
第三人称不更新： 第三人称（he, she, it, they）保持不变。
2. 时态的变化（时态回退原则）
①“向后退一步”推导法则
你可以直接记住：变间接引语时，把动词往“过去”的方向降一级。
is / am / are →变成 → was / were do / does → 变成 → did
have / has → 变成 → had will → 变成 → would can → 变成 → could
②语境实战演练（对比记忆）我们用具体的对话来感受这种“时空落差”：
现在正在做 → 过去正在做
他直说： "I am eating." (我现在正在吃。) → 你转述： He said that he was eating. (他说他那时正在吃。)
将来要做 → 过去看来要做
他直说： "I will come." (我明天会来。) → 你转述： He said that he would come. (他说他第二天会来。)
已经做了 → 过去的过去已经做了
他直说： "I have finished." (我已经完成了。)→ 你转述： He said that he had finished. (他说他那时已经完成了。)
③一个隐藏的“必考点”：在中考里，还有一个书写规范是表格里没体现的，那就是“一般过去时”也要往后退：
如果他说的是过去的事： "I bought a bike." (我买了一辆车。)
转述时就要退到“过去的过去”： He said that he had bought a bike.
特殊点需注意（不回退例外）：
若引语表述的是客观真理、自然现象或经常性习惯，时态保持一般现在时不变。
例: The teacher said, "The sun rises in the east." → ...the sun rises in the east.
3. 指示代词、时间及地点状语的变化
-
类别 直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this / these that / those
地点状语 here there
时间状语 now / today / tonight then / that day / that night
yesterday / tomorrow the day before / the next day
方向动词 come / bring go / take
-
二、 不同句式的转换规则
1. 陈述句：用 that 引导
第 52 页 共 85 页
去掉引号和逗号，连接词用 that（口语中可省略）。
例: He said, "I am busy." → He said that he was busy.
2. 疑问句：语序一律改为“陈述语序”
一般疑问句： 连接词用 if 或 whether。
例: "Do you like tea " he asked. → He asked if I liked tea.
特殊疑问句： 连接词用原疑问词（who, what, where, how 等）。
例: "Where are you going " she asked. → She asked where I was going.
3. 祈使句：用 tell/order/ask sb. (not) to do sth.
肯定祈使句： to + v.
否定祈使句： not + to + v.
例: "Don't open the door," Mom said. → Mom told me not to open the door.
三、 中考高频易错点与难点深入解析
1. 语序陷阱
转换后的间接引语本质是宾语从句，无论原句是疑问句还是感叹句，转后必须是陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后）。
例: "Where is the bank " → He asked where the bank was. (不可说 where was the bank)
2. 标点符号
间接引语是陈述句的一部分，句末一律用句号。
3. 谓语动词的选择
said to sb. 通常转为 told sb.
疑问句中转后谓语动词常用 asked。
四、 推荐技巧：转换“四步走”
一看主语： 确定主句时态，决定从句是否要回退。
二找连接词： 根据引语是陈述、疑问还是祈使，选对连接词（that/if/who/to）。
三调人称： 套用“一随主、二随宾”口诀。
四改状语： 检查 time, place, this/that 等细节是否漏改。
五、 出题方向参考
在近年各地真题中，纯粹的改写题正在减少，更多出现在阅读还原和短文填空中。
重点关注： if/whether 的选择（特别是后接 or not 时优先用 whether）。
难点关注： 引语中含有情态动词（can → could, may → might, must → had to）的变化。
第 53 页 共 85 页
30 天早背晚练——初中英语语法强基训练计划
Day 21：直接与间接引语转换规则【配套练习】
姓名： 日期： 分数：
一、 单项选择【考查：连接词选择、陈述语序、时态一致性。】
1.(2024·江苏模拟) The teacher asked me ________ I had finished my homework.
A. that B. if C. what D. which
2.(2023·武汉) He said that he ________ to the museum the next day.
A. will go B. goes C. would go D. has gone
3.(2022·北京) She asked me ________.
A. where did I live B. where I lived C. where do I live D. where I live
4.(2024·模拟预测)My mother told me ________ late for school again.
A. not be B. don't be C. not to be D. to be not
5.(2023·上海) Our geography teacher told us that the earth ________ around the sun.
A. goes B. went C. is going D. was going
6.(2022·广东) "Why are you late " the boss asked me. → The boss asked me ________.
A. why was I late B. why I am late C. why I was late D. why am I late
7.(2024·预测) He asked, "Have you seen my keys " → He asked me ________.
A. if I have seen his keys B. whether I had seen his keys C. if had I seen his keys D. whether did I see his keys
8.(2023·重庆)My friend asked me ________ I would go to the party with him.
A. that B. whether C. what D. which
9.(2022·南京) "Please turn down the music," my father said to me. → My father ________.
A. told me turn down the music B. asked me to turn down the music
C. said me to turn down the music D. told me to turn down the music
10.(2024·模拟) She asked, "What time is it " → She asked ________.
A. what time it is B. what time is it C. what time it was D. what time was it
二、 句型转换：将直接引语改为间接引语【注意人称、时态和时间状语的变化。】
11."I am reading a book now," he said. （句型转换）He said that ________ ________ reading a book ________.
12."Did you see the movie yesterday " she asked me.
（句型转换）She asked me ________ I ________ ________ the movie ________ ________ ________.
13."Don't play football in the street," the policeman said to the boys.
（句型转换）The policeman told the boys ________ ________ ________ football in the street.
14."We will visit the Great Wall next week," they said.
（句型转换）They said that ________ ________ visit the Great Wall ________ ________ ________.
15."Where can I buy some stamps " the traveler asked.
（句型转换）The traveler asked ________ ________ ________ buy some stamps.
16."Be quiet, please," the librarian said to us.（句型转换）The librarian ________ us ________ ________ quiet.
三、 翻译
17.他问我他是否能借用一下我的钢笔。________________________________________________________.
18.老师告诉我们要努力学习。________________________________________________________________.
第 54 页 共 85 页Day21. 直接与间接引语转换规则参考答案与详解
第一部分解析
1.B | 【解析】一般疑问句转为间接引语，用 if 或 whether 引导，意为“是否”。
2.C | 【解析】主句是 said (过去时)，从句将来时 will 需变为过去将来时 would。
3.B | 【解析】[中考重难点] 间接引语必须使用陈述语序（主语在前），且主句是 asked，从句 live 变 lived。
4.C | 【解析】否定祈使句转换固定结构：tell sb. not to do sth.。
5.A | 【解析】[易错点] 尽管主句是 told (过去时)，但“地球绕着太阳转”是客观真理，时态保持一般现在时。
6.C | 【解析】特殊疑问句转间接引语：连接词用 why，语序变陈述语序，时态 are 变 was。
7.B |【解析】一般疑问句转间接引语：连接词 if/whether，语序陈述，现在完成时 have done 变过去完成时 had
done。
8.B | 【解析】语义为“是否”，且从句结构完整，选 whether。
9.D | 【解析】祈使句转换：say to sb. 变为 tell sb. to do sth.。
10.C | 【解析】疑问语序变陈述语序，is 变为 was。
第二部分解析
11.he was; then | 【解析】I 随主语变 he，am 随主句变 was，now 变 then。
12.if/whether; had seen; the day before |【解析】疑问句用 if，一般过去时变过去完成时，yesterday 变 the day
before。
13.not to play | 【解析】否定祈使句：not to do。
14.they would; the next week | 【解析】we 变 they，will 变 would，next week 变 the next week。
15.where he could | 【解析】疑问词保留，语序变陈述 (he could)，can 变 could。
16.asked/told; to be | 【解析】祈使句转为动词不定式。
第三部分解析
17.He asked me if/whether he could borrow my pen.
18.The teacher told us to study hard.
