【30天早背晚练】初中英语语法强基训练计划Day 23(含答案)

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名称 【30天早背晚练】初中英语语法强基训练计划Day 23(含答案)
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Day23. 过去完成时 (had done) 与 by/before 搭配参考答案与详解
第一部分:单项选择
1.D | 【解析】"By + 过去时间点"(上月底)是过去完成时的标志性状语。
2.C | 【解析】[中考陷阱] "到电影院"是过去,"电影开始"是过去的过去,需用过去完成时。由于有 "for ten
minutes" 这一时间段,瞬间动词 begun 必须换成延续状态 been on。
3.C | 【解析】"在妈妈回来(came)之前",动作发生在过去的过去,选 had finished。
4.D | 【解析】宾语从句时态回退。主句是 said(过去),去过长城发生在说之前,用过去完成时。
5.C | 【解析】同第 2题逻辑。By the time 引导过去时从句,主句用过去完成时;由于隐含“状态”,died 强
调动作,had been dead 强调截止到医生来时已经死了一段时间,符合逻辑。
6.C | 【解析】先寄信(had posted),我才说话。
7.A | 【解析】昨天还书(事实,用过去式),还书的原因是之前已经读完了(动作先后,用过完)。
8.B | 【解析】没去聚会(过去),是因为在那之前已经约了牙医。
9.C | 【解析】固定句型:"It was the first time that + 过去完成时"。
10.B | 【解析】By the time 引导过去式从句,主句强调截止到雨停已经练习了两小时。
第二部分:语法填空
11.had left | 【解析】离开发生在醒来之前。
12.had left | 【解析】意识到(realized)是过去,伞丢在车上是更早的过去。
13.had lived | 【解析】在搬家(moved)到伦敦之前,住在巴黎是“过去的过去”。
14.had finished | 【解析】By + 过去时间点。
15.had already stood | 【解析】铃响时,老师已经在那儿了。
第三部分:综合应用
16.had already run away | 【解析】考查过完时主动语态。
17.had finished his work | 【解析】合并句需体现先完成工作,再回家。
18.had been built | 【解析】[高难度压轴点] 过去完成时 + 被动语态(had been done)。学校是被建成的。30 天早背晚练——初中英语语法强基训练计划
Day 23:过去完成时 (had done) 与 by/before 搭配
一、 核心概念:什么是“过去的过去”?
1. 定义逻辑:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。它是一个相对时态,不能孤立存在,
必须有一个“过去的时间点”作为参照。
参照点(Past Time): 昨天、上周、甚至是一个过去的动作(如“当我到家时”)。
动作发生点(Past of Past): 在这个参照点之前发生的事,就用过去完成时。
2. 构成公式
肯定句: 主语 + had + 过去分词 (done) + 其他
否定句: 主语 + had not (hadn't) + 过去分词 + 其他
疑问句: Had + 主语 + 过去分词 + ...
注意:had 在此处为助动词,无人称和数的变化,所有主语一视同仁。
二、 核心标志词:By / Before / When 的逻辑链条
这是中考命题的“题眼”,看到这些词组结合过去时间,必须形成条件反射。
1. By + 过去时间点
含义: “截止到……(过去某时)为止”。
用法: by 短语是过去完成时的“伴侣”。
例句:We had learnt 2,000 words by the end of last term.
(参照点:上学期末。动作:学了 2000 词。时间关系:截止到那个点已完成。)
例句:By nine o'clock yesterday, they had finished the work.
2. Before + 过去动作 (从句)
含义: “在……(过去动作)之前”。
用法: before 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时。
例句:
They had locked the door before they left.
(参照动作:离开 left。先发生的动作:锁门 had locked。)
3. When + 过去动作 (从句)
含义: “当……(过去动作)发生时”。
用法: when 引导的从句用一般过去时,主句表示在此之前已经发生的事,用过去完成时。
经典考题(火车站/电影院场景):
例句:When I got to the station, the bus had left.
(我到车站是“过去”,车开走是“过去的过去”。)
例句:When I arrived at the cinema, the film had already begun.
三、两个特殊句型(阅读理解高频)
虽然中考语法填空考查较少,但在阅读理解中经常出现,需能识别。
1.said / told / thought + 宾语从句:当主句谓语是 said, told, knew, thought 等过去式时,从句中若表示“已经做过”,必
须用过去完成时(时态回退原则)。
例:He said that he had finished the homework. (他说他已经做完了。)
2.It was the first/second time that... (如果前面是 It was...,后面从句一定要用 had done。)
例:It was the second time that I had visited the Great Wall. (那是第二次去。)
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例:(对比:It is the second time that I have visited... 这是第二次去。)
四、难点辨析:三大时态的“三角关系”
学生最容易混淆的是:现在完成时、一般过去时、过去完成时。请看下表深度解析:
-
时态 核心逻辑 参照点 时间轴图解 例句
现在完成时 过去动作对现在有影响 现在 (Now) Past → I have lost my key. (所以我现在进不去)
Present
一般过去时 过去发生的事(陈述事实) 过去 (Then) Past I lost my key yesterday. (仅仅叙述昨天丢了)
过去完成时 过去的过去发生的事 过去某时 Past of Past I had lost my key before I got home. (回
(Then) → Past 家前就已经丢了)
-
需注意:做题时,先找句子里有没有“过去的时间”。
如果没有过去时间,通常选现在完成时。
如果有过去时间,再看动作是在这个时间“当时”发生的(一般过去时),还是“之前”发生的(过去完成时)。
五、记忆技巧
1.“找基准”法:
做过去完成时的题,第一步永远是找那个“过去的时间点”(可能是 last week,也可能是 when he came)。找不到这个“过
去”,绝不选 had done。
2.“先后顺序”法:
在叙述过去的语境中,先发生的动作 → 过去完成时;后发生的动作 → 一般过去时。
想一想:先锁门还是先离开?先到车站还是车先走?
3.口诀记忆:
过去完成有特点,时间参照在昨天(过去)。
By、Before、When 引导,动作发生在之前。
主句 Had 加 Done,从句过去是基点。
六、出题方向参考
不再单纯考结构: 题目不会简单地给你 By the end of last year 让你填空,而是会给出一个微型故事,要求你根据上下
文逻辑判断动作先后。
语态融合: 过去完成时常与被动语态结合考查。
例: The room had been cleaned before we arrived. (注意 had been done 结构)。
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30 天早背晚练——初中英语语法强基训练计划
Day 23:过去完成时 (had done) 与 by/before 搭配【配套练习】
姓名: 日期: 分数:
一、 单项选择【考点:By/Before 逻辑、宾语从句时态回退、动作先后顺序判断。】
1.(2024·江苏模拟) By the end of last month, we ________ more than 2,000 English words.
A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. had learned
2.(2023·武汉)When I got to the cinema, the movie ________ for ten minutes.
A. has begun B. had begun C. had been on D. was on
3.(2022·北京) I ________ my homework before my mother came back home.
A. finish B. have finished C. had finished D. will finish
4.(2024·预测) He said he ________ the Great Wall twice, so he didn't want to go again.
A. visits B. visited C. has visited D. had visited
5.(2021·上海) By the time the doctor arrived, the old man ________.
A. died B. has died C. had been dead D. had died
6.(2023·广东)My brother ________ the letter before I could say anything.
A. posted B. has posted C. had posted D. posts
7.(2022·杭州) I ________ the book back to the library yesterday because I ________ it.
A. gave; had finished B. had given; finished C. gave; have finished D. have given; had finished
8.(2024·模拟预测)—Why didn't you go to the party — Because I ________ an appointment with my dentist.
A. have made B. had made C. make D. will make
9.(2023·天津) It was the first time that I ________ such a beautiful place.
A. see B. have seen C. had seen D. saw
10.(2022·成都) They ________ for two hours by the time the rain stopped.
A. have practiced B. had practiced C. practiced D. were practicing
二、 语法填空【考点:瞬间动词转换为延续性状态、时态对比。】
11.(2024·模拟) By the time I woke up, my father ________ (leave) for work.
12.(2023·河南) I realized that I ________ (leave) my umbrella on the bus.
13.(2022·温州) Before she moved to London, she ________ (live) in Paris for five years.
14.(2024·预测) By 8 o'clock yesterday evening, they ________ (finish) their discussion.
15.(2023·陕西)When the bell rang, the teacher ________ (already / stand) at the door.
三、 综合应用:翻译与句型转换【考点:句型结构输出与逻辑转换。】
16.(翻译) 当警察赶到现场时,那个贼已经跑掉了。
When the police arrived, the thief ________________________________.
17.(句型转换) He finished his work. Then he went home. (用 before 合并为一句) He ________________________________
before he went home.
18.(翻译) 截止到去年年底,这所学校已经建成了。
By the end of last year, the school ________________________________.
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