30 天早背晚练——初中英语语法强基训练计划
Day 24：被动语态：一般现在/过去/将来时的结构与含有情态动词的特例
一、被动语态的“灵魂公式”
1. 什么时候用被动语态？
当不知道动作是谁做的（主语不明）。
当强调动作的承受者（宾语），而不是执行者时。
主动:Most people speak English. (强调人)
被动: English is spoken by most people. (强调英语)
被动语态 = 助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词 /done
其中：Be 动词： 决定时态（is/was/will be）。Done： 决定语态（表示被动含义）。By sb.： 动作的执行者（通常省
略，除非特指）
核心判断： 当主语是动作的承受者（物/受害者）而非执行者（人）时，必须用被动。
二、三大基础时态结构表
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时态 被动语态结构 典型标志词 经典例句
am / is / are + P.P. often, always, usually, every day Tea is grown in South China.
一般现在时
was / were + P.P. yesterday, last night, in 1998 The bridge was built in 1920.
一般过去时
will be + P.P. tomorrow, next year, soon The sports meeting will be held soon.
一般将来时
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避坑指南： 做题时实行“三步走”战略：
①判语态： 主语是动作的发出者（人干事）还是承受者（物被干）？
②定时态： 圈出时间状语（yesterday / tomorrow）。
③看主谓： 主语是单数还是复数？（The books were... / The book was...）
三、 含情态动词的被动语态
这是关于规则、建议、禁止类话题（如校规、环保）的必考句型。
1. 结构公式：情态动词+ be + done
2. 常见情态动词搭配：
can be done (可以被……)
should be done (应该被……)
must be done (必须被……)
may be done (可能被……)
3. 经典例句：
例：Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. (应该被允许)
例：Waste paper should not be thrown everywhere. (不应该被乱扔)
例：The work must be finished on time. (必须被完成)
四、 中考常考陷阱：被动语态的“三大特殊情况”
1. “感官/使役动词”的 To 还原原则：在主动语态中，make, let, have (使役) 和 see, hear, watch, notice (感官) 后接不带 to
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的不定式 (do)。但在被动语态中，必须把省略的 to 补回来！
口诀：主动去 To，被动加 To。
主动: I saw him enter the room. 被动: He was seen to enter the room.
主动: The boss made them work all night. 被动: They were made to work all night.
2. “主动表被动”的特殊动词
以下动词描述事物本身的性质、特征时，用主动形式表达被动含义。绝对不能用被动语态！
感官系动词： look (看起来), sound (听起来), smell (闻起来), taste (尝起来), feel (摸起来)。
(×) The music is sounded sweet. (√) The music sounds sweet.
描述性质的动词： sell (销售), write (书写), wash (洗), open/shut (开/关)。通常与 well, easily, smoothly 等副词连用。
例：This kind of book sells well. (这本书好卖/畅销 ≠ 被卖)
例：The pen writes smoothly. (这笔好写)
3. 短语动词不可丢“尾巴”
有些动词是固定搭配（动词+介词/副词），变被动时，介词千万不能丢。
take care of → be taken care of
look after → be looked after
listen to → be listened to
例: The baby must be taken good care of. (注意句末的 of 不能漏)
五、记忆技巧
1.“主宾互换法”检查：
写完被动句后，试着在心里把它还原成主动句。如果还原后逻辑通顺，说明没问题。
2.“无被动”黑名单：
发生（happen, take place）、爆发（break out）、属于（belong to）这几个词，永远只有主动形式。
(×) The accident was happened yesterday.
(√) The accident happened yesterday.
3.“双宾语”选择：
give, show, tell 等词变被动，既可以用人做主语，也可以用物做主语。但考试中推荐用人做主语（Person is given...），
更符合表达习惯且不容易错。
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30 天早背晚练——初中英语语法强基训练计划
Day 24：被动语态：一般现在/过去/将来时的结构与含有情态动词的特例【配套练习】
姓名： 日期： 分数：
一、 单项选择【考点：不同时态下的被动语态辨析、情态动词被动语态及陷阱。】
1.(2024·江苏模拟)—Many people like the song Great Country.
— Yes. It ________ by a young teacher in our school last year.
A. writes B. wrote C. is written D. was written
2.(2023·武汉)— Can we go swimming now — No. The pool ________ twice a week, and it is being cleaned now.
A. cleans B. is cleaned C. was cleaned D. will be cleaned
3.(2022·北京) A new library ________ in our school next year.
A. builds B. built C. will be built D. is built
4.(2024·模拟预测) In China, red ________ happiness and good luck.
A. is thought of B. is thought to C. is seen as D. is regarded to
5.(2023·上海) Teenagers ________ to choose their own clothes. It's a way to show their personalities.
A. should allow B. should be allowed C. allow D. are allowing
6.(2022·广东)— Look! This silk dress ________ so soft. — Yes, and it ________ well.
A. is felt; is sold B. feels; sells C. feels; is sold D. is felt; sells
7.(2021·天津) Our classroom ________ every day, so it is very clean.
A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaned D. was cleaned
8.(2024·模拟) Rules ________ by everyone in public places.
A. must follow B. must be followed C. can follow D. can be followed
9.(2023·重庆)When I entered the room, I found my little sister ________ good care of by the nurse.
A. take B. was taken C. taking D. being taken
10.(2022·南京) The little boy was seen ________ into the museum alone just now.
A. enter B. entered C. to enter D. enters
二、 语法填空【考点：动词形式转化、时态语态综合判定。】
11.(2024·模拟) English ________ (speak) as the first language in many countries.
12.(2023·河南) The old building ________ (pull) down because of the new road last month.
13.(2022·杭州) I'm sure that more ways ________ (find) to solve the problem soon.
14.(2024·预测)Waste paper should ________ (not throw) everywhere to protect the environment.
15.(2023·广州) The broken bikes ________ (repair) by my father two days ago.
三、 综合应用：翻译与句型转换【考点：结构输出与语态转化逻辑。】
16.(翻译) 这本书写得很好，在书店里卖得很快。(注意“主动表被动”陷阱)
This book ________________________________ and ________________________________.
17.(句型转换) People use computers to collect information. (改为被动语态)
Computers ________________________________ by people to collect information.
18.(翻译) 所有的作业都必须在明天之前交上来。(使用 must 引导的被动语态)
All the homework ________________________________ before tomorrow.
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参考答案与详解
第一部分：单项选择
1.D | 【解析】主语 it 指代歌曲，是被写。由 last year 可知用一般过去时的被动 (was/were + done)。
2.B | 【解析】由 twice a week 可知是经常性动作，用一般现在时的被动 (am/is/are + done)。
3.C | 【解析】由 next year 可知用一般将来时的被动 (will be + done)。
4.C | 【解析】固定搭配：be seen as / be regarded as (被看作)。
5.B | 【解析】情态动词被动语态：should be allowed (应该被允许)。
6.B | 【解析】[特级陷阱] feel 是感官动词，sell 描述性质且带副词，两者均用“主动表被动”。
7.C | 【解析】every day 是一般现在时标志。
8.B | 【解析】必须被遵守，must be followed。
9.D | 【解析】[高难度] 强调动作正在被进行，用进行时的被动 (being + done)。
10.C | 【解析】[易错点] 主动语态 see sb. do，被动语态还原 to，即 be seen to do。
第二部分：语法填空
11.is spoken | 【解析】一般现在时的被动语态，描述事实。
12.was pulled | 【解析】last month 是一般过去时标志。
13.will be found | 【解析】soon 是一般将来时标志。
14.not be thrown | 【解析】情态动词的否定被动结构：should not be done。
15.were repaired | 【解析】two days ago 为一般过去时，主语 bikes 为复数。
第三部分：综合应用
16.writes well; sells fast | 【解析】write 和 sell 在表示事物性质且有副词修饰时用主动形式。
17.are used | 【解析】主语 computers 为复数，时态为一般现在。
18.must be handed in | 【解析】情态动词 must + be + 过去分词。hand in 为固定短语，in 不可省略。
