30 天早背晚练——初中英语语法强基训练计划
Day 25:宾语从句:引导词选择、陈述语序与主从句时态一致性原则
一、宾语从句的本质
在主句的动词、介词或形容词后充当宾语的句子。
例:I know (that) he is a good student.(括号内整个句子作 know 的宾语)
二、要素一:引导词(连接词)的选择
根据从句的原句式性质,分为三类:
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从句原句型 引导词 语义与注意事项 典型例句
陈述句 that 无意义,仅起连接作用。口语中常省略。 I hear that he has won the race.
一般疑问句 if / whether 意为“是否”。不能省略。 I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 who, what, which, when, where, why, how Please tell me where the bank is.
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易错点:if 与 whether 的博弈虽然大多数情况可互换,但以下情况只能用 whether:
1.与 or not 直接连用时:I don't know whether or not he will come.
2.介词之后:It depends on whether we have enough money.
3.连接“不定式”:I'm not sure whether to go.
三、 要素二:陈述语序(语序原则)
【常考重点】 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句一律使用陈述语序(即:连接词 + 主语 + 谓语)。
1.典型易错对比:
直接引语: Where is the post office (疑问语序)
间接引语: Can you tell me where the post office is (陈述语序)
2.注意特殊情况:
当疑问词本身在从句中作主语时,语序自然呈现陈述状。
例: Who is singing → I don't know who is singing.
四、 要素三:时态一致性原则
易失分环节:遵循“主过从过,主现从任”口诀。
1. 主句是一般现在时:从句时态根据实际需要而定,不受主句限制。
例:I hear that he joined the army last year. (过去)
例:I hear that he will come tomorrow. (将来)
2. 主句是一般过去时:从句必须调整为对应的过去时态。
一般现在时 → 一般过去时
一般将来时 → 过去将来时 (would)
现在进行时 → 过去进行时
现在完成时 → 过去完成时 (had done)
3. 特殊例外(不回退原则)
【高频考点】 若从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象、科学事实或格言警句,无论主句是什么时态,从句一律用一般现
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在时。
例:The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. (不可用 moved)
五、 名师实战技巧:避坑指南
“双重疑问”陷阱:
中考常考 Do you know... 引导的宾语从句。注意:问号是因为主句是疑问句,但从句语序依然要倒装回陈述语序。
It 形式宾语:
当宾语从句后有宾补(如形容词)时,常用 it 作形式宾语。
例: We find it necessary that we should protect the environment.
否定转移:
主句谓语动词是 think, believe, guess, suppose 且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定要转移到主句。
例: I don't think he is right. (我不认为他是对的 $\rightarrow$ 翻译为“我认为他不对”)
六、出题方向参考
结合生活场景: 题目常设在“询问路线、打听消息、转达通知”等真实对话中。
从句套从句: 在高难度题目中,宾语从句可能嵌套在定语从句或状语从句中。
重点考查:侧重 if/whether 的逻辑判断,以及在过去时主句背景下,对 could/would 助动词的精准还原。
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30 天早背晚练——初中英语语法强基训练计划
Day 25:宾语从句:引导词选择、陈述语序与主从句时态一致性原则【配套练习】
姓名: 日期: 分数:
一、 单项选择【考点:连接词辨析、陈述语序、时态一致性。】
1.(2024·苏州)— Excuse me, could you tell me ________ the nearest post office
— Sure. Walk past the bank and you’ll find it.
A. how can I get to B. how I can get to C. where can I get to D. where I can get to
2.(2023·广州) Our teacher told us that the light ________ much faster than the sound.
A. traveled B. travels C. is traveling D. was traveling
3.(2022·北京) I’m not sure ________ there will be a heavy rain tomorrow.
A. that B. what C. whether D. who
4.(2024·成都)—Do you know ________ —At 8:30 a.m. in the school hall.
A. when the meeting will begin B. when will the meeting begin
C. where the meeting will begin D. where will the meeting begin
5.(2023·上海)We are all curious ________ that young man found the lost treasure.
A. how B. what C. if D. whether
6.(2021·陕西) I wonder ________.
A. who did he talk with B. who he talked with C. who does he talk with D. who he talks with
7.(2022·福建)— I’m worried about ________ I can pass the swimming test.
— Believe in yourself! You’ve practiced so hard.
A. that B. why C. whether D. what
8.(2024·武汉模拟) The girl asked her mother ________ her a new dress for the party.
A. if she will buy B. if she would buy C. whether she buys D. whether she has bought
9.(2023·重庆) Could you tell me ________ I want to buy some fruits.
A. where is the supermarket B. where the supermarket is
C. how can I go to the supermarket D. how I could go to the supermarket
10.(2025·模拟) No one knows ________ or not the football match will be put off.
A. if B. whether C. that D. when
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二、 语法填空:句型转化与单词变形【考点:陈述语序还原及主从时态匹配。】
11.(2023·青岛) "Does it take ten minutes to get to the station " he asked. (改为宾语从句)
He asked ________ it ________ ten minutes to get to the station.
12.(2024·模拟) "What are you doing now " she asked me. (改为宾语从句)
She asked me what I ________ ________ ________.
13.(2022·杭州) I didn't know whether he ________ (come) to the party last night.
14.(2023·河北) Do you know ________ (who) those books belong to
15.(2024·模拟) Our teacher said that the sun ________ (be) much bigger than the earth.
三、 综合应用:汉译英与病句诊断【考点:语言输出与深度纠错。】
16.(翻译) 你知道他们什么时候离开这里的吗? ____________________________________________________________
17.(病句诊断) 找出并修改下面句子的错误。 I don't know what is the matter with him.
修改建议:_________________________________________________ (注:本题含隐藏坑点)
18.(翻译) 我认为他不会在会议上发言。
____________________________________________________________.(注意否定转移)
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参考答案与详解
第一部分:单项选择
1.B | 【解析】宾语从句用陈述语序,排除 A、C;由答语指路可知问的是“如何到达”,选 B。
2.B | 【解析】[中考常考点] 光速比音速快是客观科学事实,无论主句是什么时态,从句一律用一般现在时。
3.C | 【解析】"I'm not sure"(我不确定)后接表示“是否”的从句,选 whether。
4.A | 【解析】语序排除 B、D。答语给出的是时间(8:30 a.m.),故引导词用 when。
5.A | 【解析】句意为“我们都很好奇那个年轻人是如何找到宝藏的”。how表方式。
6.B | 【解析】主句 wonder 是一般现在时,从句时态根据实际情况定。语序需用陈述语序(主语在前),故
选 B。
7.C | 【解析】介词 about 后面引导宾语从句表示“是否”时,通常用 whether。
8.B | 【解析】主句 asked 是过去式,从句需用对应的过去时态(时态回退)。will 变 would。
9.B | 【解析】[命题坑点] 虽然主句是 Could you... 委婉语气,但它是一般现在时,从句语序需陈述,排除 A、
C。D选项 could 虽然是过去式,但 here/there 或 buy fruits 通常指现在或将来的需求,故 B更标准。
10.B | 【解析】[固定搭配] 只有 whether 能与 or not 直接连用。
第二部分:语法填空
11.if/whether; took | 【解析】主句是一般过去式,从句 take 变 took。
12.was doing then | 【解析】现在进行时 am doing 变为过去进行时 was doing,now 变 then。
13.came | 【解析】主从时态一致。
14.who | 【解析】引导词作从句主语,语序保持不变。
15.is | 【解析】科学事实,不回退时态。
第三部分:综合应用
16.Do you know when they left here | 【解析】陈述语序,注意 leave 用过去式。
17.原句正确,无需修改。 | 【解析】[名师解析] 这是最经典的坑点。what's the matter 中 what 本身就是主
语,语序本身就是陈述语序,不需要写成 what the matter is。
18.I don't think (that) he will speak at the meeting. |【解析】否定转移,宾语从句的否定要实现在主句 think 上。