Day26. 定语从句:关系代词 (who/which/that) 与关系副词 (where/when/why) 的区分
参考答案与详解
第一部分:单项选择
1.C | 【解析】[易错点] 先行词 village 虽是地点,但代入从句作 visit 的宾语(visit the village),故用关系
代词 that/which。
2.B | 【解析】先行词被 the very 修饰时,关系词只能用 that。
3.A | 【解析】先行词是人,从句缺主语,用 who。
4.B | 【解析】[踩坑点] 先行词 time 虽是时间,但代入从句作 spent 的宾语(spend the time),故用关系代
词 that。
5.C | 【解析】代入从句为 we read books in the library,作地点状语,用 where。
6.D | 【解析】先行词被 all 修饰,关系词只能用 that。
7.B | 【解析】先行词是 reason,且在从句中作原因状语(for the reason),用 why。
8.C | 【解析】代入从句为 we visited the museum,作宾语,用 which/that。
9.C | 【解析】先行词是人,从句缺主语,用 who。
10.C | 【解析】代入从句为 I grew up in the town,作地点状语,用 where。
第二部分:语法填空
11.who | 【解析】指人,作主语。
12.that | 【解析】先行词被 the only 修饰,必须用 that。
13.when | 【解析】代入从句为 I joined the army on that day,作时间状语。
14.where | 【解析】代入从句为 we stayed at the hotel,作地点状语。
15.whose | 【解析】表示“……的”,指“那个女孩的姐姐”。
第三部分:综合练习
16.This is the factory that/which I visited last year. | 【解析】visit 是及物动词,直接接 factory,所以用关系
代词。
17.This is the factory where my father works. | 【解析】work 是不及物动词,需表达“在工厂工作(in the
factory)”,故用关系副词 where。
18.将 when 改为 that/which (或省略) | 【解析】see 是及物动词,这里缺的是 see 的宾语,不能用时间状语
when。30 天早背晚练——初中英语语法强基训练计划
Day 26:定语从句:关系代词 (who/which/that) 与关系副词 (where/when/why) 的区分
一、 核心概念:定语从句的“骨架”结构
定语从句就像一个“形容词”,用来修饰前面的名词或代词(称为先行词)。连接主句与从句的词称为关系词。
关系词的三大作用:
连接作用: 连接主句和从句。
指代作用: 代替前面的先行词。
成分作用: 在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语。
二、 关系代词:who, whom, which, that, whose
关系代词在从句中通常充当主语或宾语。
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关系代词 先行词 从句成分 典型例句
who 人 主语/宾语 The girl who is singing is my sister.
whom 人 宾语 The boy whom I met yesterday is Tom.
which 物 主语/宾语 I like the book which has a red cover.
that 人或物 主语/宾语 This is the bag that I bought today.
whose 人或物 定语(……的) A boy whose father is a doctor came here.
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需注意: 当关系代词在从句中作宾语时,可以省略。但在作主语时绝对不能省。
三、 关系副词:when, where, why
关系副词在从句中充当状语(时间、地点、原因状语)。
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关系副词 先行词 从句成分 转换规律 (介词+which) 典型例句
when 时间 时间状语 = at/in/on which I'll never forget the day when we met.
where 地点 地点状语 = in/at which This is the factory where my father works.
why 原因 原因状语 = for which That is the reason why he was late.
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四、 难点攻克:关系代词 vs. 关系副词的判定
这是中考最常见的踩坑点。判断的关键不在于先行词,而在于从句是否缺成分。
判定技巧:“成分拆解法”
1.把先行词代入从句。
2.如果先行词直接作主语或宾语,选关系代词。
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3.如果先行词需要加个介词才能在从句中跑通,选关系副词。
例 1: This is the house ______ I built.
代入从句:I built the house. (作宾语) → 填 which/that。
例 2: This is the house ______ I live.
代入从句:I live in the house. (需要加 in,作地点状语) → 填 where。
五、 细节补充:必须使用 that 的特殊情况
当中考题目出现以下情形时,只能用 that,不能用 which 或 who:
1.先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时:
例:This is the best movie that I have ever seen.
2.先行词被 all, any, few, little, no, every, some 等词修饰时:
例:I've done all the work that I can do.
3.先行词被 the only, the very, the last 修饰时:
例:He is the only person that can help us.
4.先行词既有人又有物时:
例:They talked about the people and things that they saw.
5.主句以 Who 或 Which 开头的疑问句中:
例:Who is the girl that is crying there (避免重复)
六、记忆技巧
“成分缺失”找代词: 从句缺主宾,代词(who/which/that)来填补。
“完整句子”找副词: 从句不缺主宾,副词(where/when/why)做状语。
“人、物、谁的”看先行: 确定大方向,再看小细节。
七、出题方向参考
语境化考查: 题目不再直接考查语法公式,而是通过对话给出背景,让学生判断从句与先行词的关系。
介词+关系代词: 虽然是高阶语法,但在某些省份的中考阅读中已出现(如 the city in which I live),需具备识别能力。
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30 天早背晚练——初中英语语法强基训练计划
Day 26:定语从句:关系代词 (who/which/that) 与关系副词 (where/when/why) 的区分【配套练习】
姓名: 日期: 分数:
一、 单项选择【考点:关系词的功能辨析、that 的特殊用法、关系代/副词的判定。】
1.(2024·南京) I still remember the village ________ I visited with my parents ten years ago.
A. where B. when C. that D. why
2.(2023·深圳) This is the very book ________ I have been looking for these days.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
3.(2022·北京) The students ________ are cleaning the classroom come from Class Two.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
4.(2024·杭州模拟) I’ll never forget the time ________ we spent together in the summer camp.
A. when B. that C. where D. why
5.(2023·青岛) This is the library ________ we often read books on weekends.
A. which B. that C. where D. who
6.(2022·上海) I have read all the books ________ the teacher recommended to us.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. that
7.(2024·西安模拟) The reason ________ he was late for the meeting was that he missed the bus.
A. Which B. why C. where D. when
8.(2023·成都) The museum ________ we visited yesterday was very modern.
A. where B. when C. which D. why
9.(2022·福建) There are many people ________ think that health is more important than wealth.
A. which B. whose C. who D. whom
10.(2025·模拟预测) This is the town ________ I grew up, and it has changed a lot.
A. Which B. that C. where D. when
二、 语法填空【考点:根据句意和成分判断填入最合适的关系词。】
11.(2024·安徽) The doctor ________ (who/which) saved the boy's life is a hero.
12.(2023·武汉) He is the only student ________ (that/who) can solve the difficult problem.
13.(2022·河南) I will never forget the day ________ (when/which) I joined the army.
14.(2024·模拟) The hotel ________ (where/which) we stayed last night was very comfortable.
15.(2023·河北) Do you know the girl ________ (whose/who) sister is a famous singer
三、 综合练习:翻译与改错【考点:句式输出能力与成分深度分析。】
16.(翻译) 这就是我去年参观过的那家工厂。
(注意参观是 visit) ____________________________________________________________.
17.(翻译) 这就是我父亲工作的那个工厂。
(注意工作是 work) ____________________________________________________________.
18.(改错) 找出并修改下面句子中的错误(仅一处)。
The movie when we saw last night was very exciting. 修改建议:_________________________________________________
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