30 天早背晚练——初中英语语法强基训练计划
Day 29：现在完成进行时 (have been doing) 与延续强调
一、 核心概念与结构公式
1. 定义逻辑：现在完成进行时表示一个动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且现在还在进行（或刚刚结束，
但对现在有直接影响）。核心词： Process (过程) & Duration (持续时间)。
2. 构成公式 ①肯定句： 主语 + have / has + been + doing + 其他 ②否定句： 主语 + have / has + not + been + doing
+ 其他 ③疑问句： Have / Has + 主语 + been + doing ...
二、 两大核心用法（中考常考场景）
1. 强调动作的“延续性”
表示动作从未停止，一直持续到现在，且极有可能继续下去。常与 for, since, all day, for a long time 连用。
例句：It has been raining for three hours. (三小时前开始下，现在还在下，没停过。
She has been watching TV all afternoon. (强调整个下午都在看，没干别的。)
2. 强调动作的“现场感/副作用”
动作可能刚刚停止，但留下了明显的迹象（如：喘气、身上湿了、眼睛红了、地面脏了）。这是完形填空和阅读理解
中的高频推理点。
例句：—Why are your clothes so dirty (迹象)
— I have been playing football. (解释原因：刚才一直在踢，强调过程导致脏。)
— You look tired. (迹象)
— Yes, I have been running. (解释原因：刚才一直在跑。)
三、 难点攻克：现在完成时 vs. 现在完成进行时
-
维度 现在完成时 (have done) 现在完成进行时 (have been doing)
侧重点 强调结果 (Result) 强调过程 (Process) / 动作本身
完成度 动作通常已完成 动作通常未完成，或刚停下
提问方式 侧重 How many / How much 侧重 How long
经典例句 I have painted the wall. I have been painting the wall.
(墙漆好了，看！是绿色的——强调结果) (我一直在刷墙，衣服上还有漆——强调过程)
数量逻辑 He has written three letters. He has been writing letters all morning.
(写完了 3 封，强调数量) (一直在写，不强调写完几封)
-
需注意： 分清“做完”与“在做”，结果过程两别处。 次数多少用 Done，时间长短用 Been Doing。 看见 All day/All night，
多半就是 Been Doing。
第 77 页 共 85 页
四、 特殊考点：静态动词的“禁区”
并不是所有动词都能用现在完成进行时。表示状态、情感、认知的静态动词，只能用现在完成时，不能用进行时。
黑名单动词： know (认识), have (拥有), like/love (喜欢), belong (属于), understand (理解), believe (相信)。
易错陷阱：
(×) I have been knowing him for ten years.
(√) I have known him for ten years. (虽然是延续，但 know 无进行时)
(√) I have had this bike for two years. (have 表拥有，无进行时)
五、出题方向参考与解题技巧
1. “语境推理”题型增加
现在的题目不会生硬地考查 for/since，而是给出情境。
题例： The road is wet. It ______ (rain) last night.
分析：虽然路湿是现在的状态，但如果强调昨晚一直在下的过程，且语境暗示持续性，优先选 must have been raining (高
中范畴) 或在初中语境下结合选项判断。更典型的初中题是：
Look at your red eyes! You have been crying, haven't you (看红眼 → 推导一直在哭)。
2. for / since 的“双栖”特性
for 和 since 既可以用在完成时，也可以用在完成进行时。区分的关键在于：句意是否想强调动作的“不间断性”和“辛
苦感”。
例：We have waited for you for an hour. (陈述事实)
例：We have been waiting for you for an hour! (带有抱怨情绪：一直在等！)
六、记忆技巧
判定步骤：
第一步：看动词。若是静态动词（know/like），直接选 have done。
第二步：看语境。有 all day/whole night，或者强调“气喘吁吁、满头大汗”等现场迹象，选 have been doing。
第三步：看侧重。强调“做完了多少”（How many），选 have done；强调“做了多久”（How long），选 have been doing。
第 78 页 共 85 页
30 天早背晚练——初中英语语法强基训练计划
Day 29：现在完成进行时 (have been doing) 与延续强调”【配套练习】
姓名： 日期： 分数：
一、 单项选择【考点：时态基本结构、与现在完成时的辨析、静态动词禁区、语境暗示。】
1.(2024·苏州模拟)—Your eyes are red, Tom. What's the matter — Oh, I ________ books for a long time.
A. read B. was reading C. have been reading D. have read
2.(2023·北京)My sister ________ the piano since she was five years old, and she is very good at it now.
A. Plays B. has played C. has been playing D. is playing
3.(2022·上海·易错题)— Is your father at home — No, he ________ in the garden since this morning.
A. works B. has worked C. has been working D. is working
4.(2024·杭州) I ________ English for three hours, and I feel a little tired now.
A. learn B. have been learning C. learned D. will learn
5.(2023·青岛模拟)—Why are you so out of breath — Because I ________ for the coming sports meeting.
A. run B. have been running C. had run D. am running
6.(2021·武汉) They ________ each other since they were children. (注意静态动词)
A. have been knowing B. have known C. know D. knew
7.(2024·成都模拟) It ________ for two days. The streets are all covered with water.
A. rains B. has been raining C. is raining D. was raining
8.(2023·广州模拟)—How long ________ you ________ this car — For about five years.
A. have; been having B. have; had C. do; have D. are; having
9.(2024·北京模拟) The famous singer ________ songs all afternoon, and she needs a rest now.
A. records B. has been recording C. is recording D. recorded
10.(2025·模拟) I ________ to solve this math problem since I came home, but I still haven't found the answer.
A. try B. have been trying C. tried D. will try
二、 语法填空 【考点：谓语动词的三单匹配、现在分词拼写、语境逻辑填空。】
11.(2024·模拟)My father ________________ (wash) the car for an hour, and he hasn't finished yet.
12.(2023·南京) Look at the floor! Who ________________ (paint) here There is paint everywhere.
13.(2022·河南) I'm sorry I'm late. ________________ you ________________ (wait) for a long time
14.(2024·陕西模拟) She ________________ (study) Chinese in Beijing for two years, and her Chinese is excellent now.
15.(2023·湖北) The baby ________________ (cry) all morning. I think he is hungry.
三、 综合应用：翻译与句型转换【考点：延续性动作的口语表达与写作输出。】
16.(翻译) 他整天都在写报告，还没休息过。(注意“整天”的强调)
He ________________________________ all day and hasn't had a rest yet.
17.(翻译)— 你的手为什么这么脏？ — 我一直在修我的自行车。
—Why are your hands so dirty — I ________________________________ my bike.
18.(句型转换) I started to learn French three years ago. I am still learning it now. (合并为一句话)
I ________________________________ French for three years.
第 79 页 共 85 页Day29. 现在完成进行时 (have been doing) 与延续强调
参考答案与详解
第一部分：单项选择
1.C | 【解析】由“眼睛红了”这一现在的迹象，推导之前一直在做且动作可能刚停止，强调过程，选现在完
成进行时。
2.C | 【解析】since引导时间状语，强调动作从过去持续到现在且仍在继续，强调“勤学苦练”的过程。
3.C | 【解析】强调从今天早上开始一直不停地在干活。
4.B | 【解析】“感到累”是由于“连续学习三小时”这个过程导致的副作用。
5.B | 【解析】[中考高频考点] “喘不过气”是现在的迹象，解释原因用现在完成进行时。
6.B | 【解析】[特级陷阱] know是静态动词，表示状态，不能用进行时，只能用现在完成时。
7.B | 【解析】强调雨一直下，没停过。
8.B | 【解析】[易错陷阱] have表示“拥有”时是静态动词，不能用完成进行时。
9.B | 【解析】all afternoon是典型的完成进行时标志词。
10.B | 【解析】强调从回家到现在的这一段时间里，动作一直在持续且未完成。
第二部分：语法填空
11.has been washing | 【解析】主语 father是单三，强调动作持续且未完。
12.has been painting | 【解析】由“到处是油漆”这一现场迹象判定，强调刚才一直在进行的动作。
13.Have; been waiting | 【解析】疑问句结构，问对方是否一直在等。
14.has been studying | 【解析】强调两年来不间断的学习过程。
15.has been crying | 【解析】all morning 配合哭闹动作，强调持续性。
第三部分：综合应用
16.has been writing reports | 【解析】强调持续写的过程。
17.have been repairing | 【解析】解释手脏的原因。
18.have been learning | 【解析】将“过去开始”和“现在正在进行”合并，最佳答案是现在完成进行时。
