Day30. 主谓一致综合考点（就近原则、意义一致、集体名词）
参考答案与详解
第一部分：单项选择
1.B | 【解析】Neither...nor...连接两个主语，遵循“就近原则”，靠近谓语的是 I，用 have been。注意 C、D
时态或语义不符。
2.A | 【解析】The number of...意为“……的数量”，中心词是 number，谓语用单数。
3.B | 【解析】[集体名词特训] 这里 family指“家庭成员们”，强调“坐在一起”这个动作，应用复数。
4.B | 【解析】Not only...but also...遵循“就近原则”，靠近谓语的是 teacher（单数），用 is。注意 tomorrow
提示时态为将来。
5.A | 【解析】表示时间、距离、金钱的名词短语作主语，通常看作整体，谓语用单数。
6.B | 【解析】[必考点] police、people、cattle等词形式上是单数，意义上永远是复数。
7.B | 【解析】There be句型遵循“就近原则”，靠近谓语的是 a desk，用 is。
8.B | 【解析】Both of...作主语，谓语用复数。
9.A | 【解析】第一空指“家庭”这个整体，用 is；第二空依然指这个整体是幸福的，用 is。如果第二句说 family
are working，则强调成员。
10.B | 【解析】Each of...作主语，重心在 Each，谓语用单三形式 has。
第二部分：语法填空
11.is | 【解析】[就远原则] as well as连接两个主语，谓语看第一个主语 Tom。
12.are | 【解析】class在这里强调“全班同学”在讨论，指成员，用复数。
13.needs | 【解析】Not...but...（不是……而是）遵循就近原则，sister是单三。
14.agrees | 【解析】Everyone是不定代词，谓语动词用单三。
15.are waiting | 【解析】A number of...意为“许多”，后接复数，谓语用复数。
第三部分：综合应用
16.has passed | 【解析】Neither...nor...就近原则，he是单三。
17.is cleaning | 【解析】with连接主语，就远原则，看 The teacher。
18.are investigating / are looking into | 【解析】Police固定搭配复数谓语。30 天早背晚练——初中英语语法强基训练计划
Day 30：主谓一致综合考点（就近原则、意义一致、集体名词）
一、 核心原则概览
主谓一致主要遵循三大逻辑支柱：
1.语法一致原则： 主语形式是单数，谓语用单数；主语形式是复数，谓语用复数。
2.意义一致原则： 谓语动词的形式取决于主语表达的实际内在含义，而非表面形式。
3.就近原则： 谓语动词的形式由最靠近它的那个主语决定。
二、 核心考点 1：就近原则
【口诀】 Or 连两边，There be 看最近。 当主语由下列连词连接时，谓语动词的单复数由离它最近的主语决定。
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连接结构 含义 典型例句
There be ... 有…… There is a pen and two books on the desk. (离 is 最近的是 a pen)
either ... or ... 或者……或者…… Either you or he is right. (he 决定 is)
neither ... nor ... 既不……也不…… Neither he nor I am interested in it. (I 决定 am)
not only ... but also ... 不仅……而且…… Not only the students but also the teacher was there. (teacher 决定 was)
not ... but ... 不是……而是…… Not you but your father is waiting for you.
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三、 核心考点 2：意义一致原则 —— 集体名词
【难点突破】这是本次梳理的重中之重。集体名词根据其在句中的侧重点不同，谓语动词变化如下：
1. "两面派"集体名词：family, class, team, group, government
此类词汇既可看作一个整体，也可看作成员。
①强调整体时 → 谓语用单数 (is/was/has)
例：The family is a happy one. (强调这个家庭作为一个单位是幸福的)
例：The class was listening to the teacher. (强调整个班级纪律很好，作为一个整体)
注：此处若强调动作一致性，有时也会用复数，但在初中阶段，若无明显个体差异描述，常视整体。请看下一条对比。
②强调成员时 → 谓语用复数 (are/were/have)
例：The family are watching TV now. (强调家庭里的每一个成员都在看)
例：The team are having a meeting. (强调队员们在开会)
2. "硬汉派"集体名词：people, police
此类词汇表面没有 's'，但意义上永远代表复数群体。
规则： 永远搭配复数谓语。
例 1：The police are searching for the lost boy. (警察们正在搜寻)
例 2：Many people are waiting outside.
陷阱: 不要说 The police is... 或 a police (个体要说 a policeman)。
四、 核心考点 3：就远原则 (远亲原则)
【反直觉考点】 与就近原则相反，当主语后面跟有“伴随状语”时，谓语动词要与最前面（真正）的主语保持一致，
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忽略中间插入的成分。
标志词： with, along with, together with, as well as, like, except, including, besides
公式： 主语 A + (with/as well as + 主语 B) + 谓语 (由 A 决定)
例句：
The teacher, with two students, is coming. (teacher 是核心主语)
No one, except my parents, knows the secret. (one 是核心主语)
Tom, as well as his parents, is going to Shanghai. (Tom 是核心主语)
五、 核心考点 4：特殊数量与名词的“隐形逻辑”
1. "金钱时间"原则
表示时间、距离、金钱、重量的复数名词作主语时，通常被看作一个整体，谓语用单数。
例 1：Ten years is a long time.
例 2：Twenty dollars is enough for the book.
2."The number" 辨析 (必考陷阱)
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短语 含义 逻辑归属 谓语形式
A number of 许多 = Many 复数
The number of ……的数量 = The figure 单数
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例 1: A number of students are playing. (许多学生在玩)
例 2: The number of students in our class is 50. (学生数量是 50)
3. 不定代词原则
①单数阵营： each, every, either, neither, another 以及由 some-, any-, no-, every- 构成的复合不定代词 (如 everyone,
something) 作主语时，谓语动词一律用单数。
例 1：Everyone is here.
例 2：Each of the boys has a pen.
②复数阵营： both, few, many, several 作主语时，谓语用复数。
例：Both of us are right.
4. "The + adj." 结构
当 "the + 形容词" 表示一类人时（如 the old, the young, the poor, the rich），谓语动词用复数。
例：The rich are not always happy. (富人未必总是快乐的)
六、记忆技巧
1.就近原则记“连词”：
Or, Either...or, Neither...nor, Not only...but also。除了这几个和 There be，剩下的基本都要往前看（找真主语）。
2.集体名词看“状态”：
Family 强调整体像个“壳”，用单数；强调里面的人在动，用复数。Police 永远是复数，因为警察总是集体出动。
3.And 连接看“身份”：
例 1：The teacher and the writer are coming. (两个人：老师和作家)
例 2：The teacher and writer is coming. (一个人：既是老师又是作家，共用一个 The)
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30 天早背晚练——初中英语语法强基训练计划
Day 30：主谓一致综合考点（就近原则、意义一致、集体名词）【配套练习】
姓名： 日期： 分数：
一、 单项选择【考点：复合主语连接词、特殊名词逻辑、就近原则辨析。】
1.(2024·苏州) Neither you nor I ________ to the museum before. Shall we go there this weekend
A. has been B. have been C. was D. am
2.(2023·北京) The number of students in our school ________ increasing these years.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
3.(2022·上海·易错题) Look! The family ________ together for the Spring Festival dinner.
A. is sitting B. are sitting C. sits D. sit
4.(2024·深圳模拟) Not only the students but also their teacher ________ going to visit the Science Museum tomorrow.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
5.(2023·成都) Ten years ________ like a long time, but it goes by quickly.
A. seems B. seem C. is seeming D. was seeming
6.(2021·武汉) The police ________ searching for the lost boy in the mountains now.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
7.(2024·杭州模拟) There ________ a desk and two chairs in the room.
A. Be B. is C. are D. am
8.(2023·青岛模拟) Both of my parents ________ teachers, and they are very busy every day.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
9.(2024·西安)My family ________ very large, and it ________ very happy.
A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is
10.(2022·福建) Each of the students ________ a new English-Chinese dictionary.
A. have B. has C. is having D. are having
二、 语法填空【考点：集体名词成员性、伴随状语（就远原则）、不定代词单复数。】
11.(2024·模拟) Tom, as well as his friends, ________ (be) going to the library this afternoon.
12.(2023·河南) The class ________ (be) having a meeting to discuss the sports meeting now.
13.(2022·广元) Not your parents but your sister ________ (need) to talk with you.
14.(2024·模拟预测) Everyone in our class ________ (agree) with the plan for the school trip.
15.(2023·河北) Look! A number of people ________ (wait) for the bus over there.
三、 综合应用：完成句子与翻译【考点：句型构建、主谓一致逻辑输出。】
16.(2024·湖北模拟) 既不是你也不是他通过了这次测试。
(Neither...nor...) Neither you nor he ________________________________ the test.
17.(2023·南京) 老师和学生们都在打扫教室。 (The teacher with...)
The teacher with the students ________________________________ the classroom.
18.(2022·广东) 警察正在调查这起事故。 The police ________________________________ the accident.
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