直接引语与间接引语教学设计

人民教育出版社
英语
必修1
Unit
1
Friendship
---Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech教学设计
一、内容及其解析
1. 内容 ：

Direct
Speech
and
Indirect
Speech
2. 解析：
本节教学内容是人教版新课标英语必修一Unit1的语法项目——直接引语与间接引语。教材要求学生掌握直接引语变间接引语时引导词、时态和语序等方面的变化规律。要求学生在完成教材提供的学习任务基础上，应增加在真实交际中综合运用语言的实践活动。
二、目标及其解析
1. 目标：
（1）理解直接引语，间接引语的概念。
（2）初步理解、掌握人称、时间状语、时态的变化的特点。
2. 解析 ：
理解直接和间接引语就是指学生在碰到此类句子时要能快速做出反应，直接引语就是直接引述说话者的原话，间接引语就是用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来。
初步理解、掌握人称、时间、时态变化的特点就是指学生要能在直接引语转间接引语时使用恰当的人称代词和时间状语，能正确使用间接引语的时态，在交际情景中恰当地使用间接引语正确恰当转述他人的话语。
三、 教学问题诊断分析
在进行直接引语到间接引语的转换时，学生有可能遇到的问题是分不清人称的变化，可能会导致人称代词的误用。要解决这一问题就需要在课堂上多用例句来展示，通过例句让学生总结人称变化原则。 学生有可能遇到的主要问题是时态的转换。要解决这一问题，就必须加强对初中所学过的时态进行进一步的复习，再通过例句展示，让学生分析总结直接到间接引语的时态变化原则，尽可能地避免重复出现时态误用。
四、 教学支持条件分析
在进行问题串的展示和师生活动的过程中，可运用PowerPoint对相关问题进行展示，以便减少不必要的教学时间的浪费，进一步提高教学效率。
五、教学过程设计
（一）
辨一辨：(about 5mins)
Compare
the
following
sentences:
She
said,
“I
like
singing.
”
→She
said
(that)
she
liked
singing.
She
said,
“Tom
is
waiting
for
a
bus.”
→She
said
(that)
Tom
was
waiting
for
a
bus.
She
said
to
me,
“Have
you
visited
Europe
last
year ”
→
She
asked
if
I
had
visited
Europe
the
year
before.
She
said,
“Where
have
you
been
these
days,
Jim ”
→She
asked
Jim
where
he
had
been
those
days.
She
said
to
me,
“Don't
take
photos
here.”
→She
asked
me
not
to
take
photos
there.
提示：注意人称、时态、时间状语、指示代词等的变化
设计意图：通过两组句子对比，让学生能初步总结出直接变间接引语时发生了那些变化。
（二）.
议一议：(about 25mins)
1. 人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新
She said， "My brother wants to go
shopping with me. ”
→She said her brother
wanted to go
shopping with her.
He said to Kate， "How is your sister now ”
→He asked Kate how her sister was then.
Mr. Smith said,
“Jack is a good boy.”
→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good boy.
2.
时态的变化：时态倒退原则
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
注意：直接引语如果是以下几种情况时变为间接引语时时态不变：
①表示客观事实、科学真理；
②本身是过去完成时、过去进行时、过去将来时；
③表示反复发生的动作或状态时；
④含有有具体的过去时间状语；
⑤含有无过去式的情态动词。
3.
时间状语的变化：
由“现在”改为“原来”
now→then, yesterday→the day before,
today→that
day,
ago→before,
yesterday→the
day
before,
this
morning→that
morning,
tomorrow→the
next
day,
yesterday
morning→the
morning
before,
next
week→the
following
week/the
next
week
4.
地点状语的变化：
here→there
指示代词的变化：
this→
that
these→those
动词的变化：
must→
had
to,
come
→go,
bring→take
陈述句：
that引导，可省略。
一般疑问句：
if/
whether引导，不可省略。
特殊疑问句：
特殊疑问词引导，不可省略。
祈使句：
ask/tell/order
sb.
(not)
to
do
sth.
（三）.
练一练：(about 15mins)
A.
“人称”挑战
1.
“I
am
having
supper,”
he
said.
He
said
that
_______
was
having
supper.
2.
“I’ve
seen
the
film,”
Gina
said
to
me.
Gina
told
me
that
______had
seen
the
film.
3.
“I
went
home
with
my
sister,”
she
said.
She
said
that
_______
had
gone
home
with
______
sister.
4.
The
teacher
said,
“The
earth
moves
around
the
sun.”
The
teacher
said
that
________moves
around
the
sun.
5.
“I
will
met
her
tomorrow,”
he
said
to
me.
He
told
me
that
_________would
meet
her
the
next
day.
6.
“You
must
come
here
before
five,”
he
said
(to
me).
He
said
that
______had
to
go
there
before
five.
7.
“I
bought
the
computer
two
weeks
ago,”
she
said.
She
said
that
_______
had
bought
the
computer
two
weeks
before.
8.
“Did
you
read
the
book
last
week ”
he
said
(to
me)
.
He
asked
if
_______
had
read
the
book
the
week
before.
9.
She
said,
“You
can
sit
here,
Jim.”
　She
told
Jim
that
_______
could
sit
there.
10.
He
asked,
“How
did
you
find
it,
mother ”
　He
asked
her
mother
how
_______
had
found
it.
B.
时态挑战
1.
“I
am
having
supper,”
he
said.
He
said
that
he_______
supper.
2.
“I’ve
seen
the
film,”
Gina
said
to
me.
Gina
told
me
that
she
______
the
film.
3.
“I
went
home
with
my
sister,”
she
said.
She
said
that
she
__________
home
with
her
sister.
4.
The
teacher
said,
“The
earth
moves
around
the
sun.”
The
teacher
said
that
________moves
around
the
sun.
5.
“I
will
met
her
tomorrow,”
he
said
to
me.
He
told
me
that
he
_________
her
the
next
day.
6
“Do
you
know
where
she
lives ”
he
asked.
He
asked
if
I________
where
she
lived.
7.
“I
had
finished
all
the
job
before
noon
yesterday,”
she
said.
She
said
that
she
___________
all
the
job
before
noon
the
day
before.
8.
Jack said. “I
was
doing
my
homework
when
Tom
came
to
see
me”
.Jack said
he
my
homework
when
Tom
came
to
see
him.
9.
Jack said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980."
Jack
said he
born on April 21, 1980.
10.
The
doctor
said,
“You
should
stay
in
bed
for
2
days.”
The
doctor
said
I
in
bed
for
2
days.
C.
综合挑战
1.
“I’ve
found
my
wallet.”
he
said
to
me.
He
______
me
that
he
______
______
______
wallet.
2.
“I
took
it
home
with
me.”
she
said.
She
said
that
______
______
_______
it
home
with
her.
3.
The
teacher
said,
“The
sun
rises
in
the
east
and
goes
down
in
the
west.”
The
teacher
said
that
the
sun
______
in
the
east
and
______
down
in
the
west.
4.
“You
must
come
here
before
five.”
he
said.
He
said
that
I
______
to
go
______
before
five.
5.
“I
bought
the
house
10
years
ago.”
he
said.
He
said
that
he
_______
the
house
10
years
_______.
6.
“Did
you
see
her
last
week ”
he
said.
He
______
______
I
had
seen
her
the
week
_______.
7.
“Where
have
you
been
these
days ”
he
asked.
He
asked
me
_______
_______
_______been
_______
days.
8.
“Do
you
know
where
she
lives ”
he
asked.
He
asked
______
______
knew
where
she
______.
9.
“Stop
making
so
much
noise,
children.”
he
said.
He
______
the
children
______
______
making
so
much
noise.
10.
“Don’t
tell
him
the
news.”
she
said.
She
told
me
him
the
news.
参考答案：
（三）.
练一练：
A.
“人称”挑战
1.
he
2.
she
3.
she
her
4.
the
earth
5.
he
6.
I
7.she
8.
I
9.he
10.
she
B.
时态挑战
1.
was
having
2.
had
seen
3.
had
gone
4.
moves
5.
will
meet
6.
knew
7.
had
finished
8.
was
doing
9.
was
born
10.
should
stay
C.
综合挑战
1.
told,
had
found
his
2.
she
had
taken
3.
rises,
goes
4.
had
to,
there
5.
had
bought,
before
6.
asked
if,
before
7.
where
I
had
,
those
8.
if
I,
lived
9.
told,
to
stop
10.
not
to
tell