Unit 6 Disaster and hope4 Period 4 Writing（课件）高中英语外研版必修3同步讲练测

(共67张PPT)
Period 4　Writing
CONTENTS
目 录
01
主题引领 情境写作
夏天即将来临，暴雨增多，积水增加，洪水泛滥。你校为了增加学生的安全自救常识，打算准备一份防洪安全指南。请你以“Flood Safety Guidelines”为题拟定指南内容。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
写作一　应用文写作——防范自然灾害的安全指南
1.洪水是最危险的自然灾害之一，并且它可能突然到来，卷走一切。
Flood is ____________________________________, and it may come suddenly and ______________________．
one of the most dangerous natural disasters
sweep away everything
2．学习一些安全指南并为洪灾做准备是非常重要的，尤其是那些居住在河边的人。
_______________________________________________________ are very important, especially for those living near a river.
3．首先要做的事情是密切关注天气预报。
The first thing to do is ______________________________________．
Learning some safety guidelines and getting prepared for a flood
pay close attention to the weather forecast
4．试着移动到足够高的地方以避开洪水，比如建筑物的顶层等。
Try to move to a place high enough _____________________________, such as the top floor of a building, etc.
5．远离电源是很关键的。
_________________________________is crucial.
6．不要喝洪水。洪水不干净。
Don't drink floodwater. Floodwater___________．
to keep clear of floodwater
Keeping away from electricity
is not clean
7．【读教材原句】　(教材P84)Now that it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to a space...
【记句式】　it作形式主语
【学仿写】　用it作形式主语分别改写句2和句5
(1) __________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
(2) ____________________________________________
It is very important to learn some safety guidelines and get prepared for a flood, especially for those living near a river.
It is crucial to keep away from electricity.
8．【读教材原句】　(外研必修二U1)We all love roast beef and vegetables, but Mum says we'd better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies, according to traditional Chinese medicine.
【记句式】　as引导原因状语从句
【学仿写】　用as引导原因状语从句改写句6
_______________________________________
Don't drink floodwater as it is not clean.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Flood Safety Guidelines
Flood is one of the most dangerous natural disasters, and it may come suddenly and sweep away everything. It is very important to learn some safety guidelines and get prepared for a flood, especially for those living near a river.Here are some tips on flood safety.
Things to do before a flood：
The first thing to do is pay close attention to the weather forecast.
Move to a safe place immediately if there is a warning.
Remember to prepare enough food, clean drinking water and a first aid kit.
Things to do during a flood：
Try to move to a place high enough to keep clear of floodwater，such as the top floor of a building, etc.
Hold to a tree or a wood block if you are in water.
It is crucial to keep away from electricity.
Things not to do during a flood：
Don't drink floodwater as it is not clean.
Don't take too many personal belongings with you.
Never give up hope.
假定你是李华，你校最近开展了“创建平安校园”活动，本周谈论的主题是“发生地震时如何保护自己”。请你以“Earthquake Safety Guidelines”为题写一份安全指南。内容包括：
1．地震来临前，做好充分准备，装备好救生包，里面有手电筒、饮用水、食物和急救包；
2．地震来临时，不要惊慌。如果在室外，请远离大树、高楼等。如果在室内，要尽量躲在桌子等坚固的家具下面，并注意保护好头部、颈部。逃生时千万不要选择乘坐电梯。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
参考词汇：救生包(emergency kit)；手电筒(flashlight)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Earthquake Safety Guidelines
Earthquake is unexpected and can break out anytime. However，read these tips on earthquake safety, and you can survive.
Things to do before an earthquake：
·Have an emergency kit filled with flashlights, drinking water, food and a first -aid kit in your home.
·Be sure to plan escape routes and make sense of your environment.
Things to do during an earthquake：
·When you are indoors, get under a strong table with a cushion protecting your head and neck.
·When you are outdoors, try to get into an open area which is away from trees, buildings and walls.
Things not to do during an earthquake：
·Don't be nervous and keep calm.
·Never use the lift.
读后续写评分原则明确了对词汇应用的丰富性、准确性的要求。为了达成这一要求，可以遵循词汇具体化原则和短语优先原则。
写作二　读后续写登峰篇——
与“橘子酱”有趣的再次相遇
1．词汇具体化原则
减少笼统性、概括性词汇的使用，使用一些具体化的词汇。因为具体化的表达比泛泛的词汇更能生动地描绘画面，引起读者的共鸣。
按照词性进行划分，常用的笼统词变具体词示例如下：
(1)名词
thing → business(事情)，issue(问题)，affair(事件)，matters(事态)，event(大事)，trifle(琐事)
advantage→virtue(优点；长处)，merit(优点；价值)，benefit(优势；益处)
disadvantage→ shortcoming(缺点；短处)，drawback(缺点；不利条件)，defect (缺陷)，demerit(短处)
mistake→fault(过错)，error(错误；差错)，fallacy(谬论；谬误)
fame→reputation(名誉；名声)，renown(名誉；声望)，prestige(声望；威信)
top→ climax(极点；顶点)，peak (顶峰)，zenith(鼎盛时期，顶峰)，summit(最高点；顶点)
way→means(方法)，method(方法；办法)，approach(方式；方法)，avenue(途径；手段)
(2)动词
walk→stroll(溜达)，stagger(蹒跚)，slide (快捷而悄声地移动)，tiptoe(踮着脚走，蹑手蹑脚地走)，creep(缓缓行进；潜行)，wander(漫步；闲逛)，stride(阔步走)，march(行进；齐步走)
run→charge(猛冲)，dart(飞奔)，gallop(疾驰)，sprint(冲刺)
say/talk→announce (宣布)，declare (宣布)，exclaim(呼喊)，argue(争论)，chat(闲聊)，complain(抱怨)，debate(辩论)，discuss(讨论)，murmur(低语)，whisper(低语；耳语)，persuade(说服)
cry→wail(哭号，恸哭)，sob(啜泣；呜咽)，wipe(哭泣；流泪)
laugh→chuckle(轻声地笑)，giggle(咯咯地笑；傻笑)，tease (嘲笑)
eat→bite(咬)，chew(咀嚼)，devour(狼吞虎咽地吃)，swallow(吞下；咽下)
drink →drain(喝光；喝干)，sip(小口喝；抿)，suck(吮，吸)
want→crave(渴望；热望)，desire (渴望；期望)，long (渴望)
catch→capture(捕获)，grasp(抓紧；抓牢)，seize(抓住；捉住)
hit→pat(轻拍)，beat(敲打；锤砸)，strike(撞击)
break→crack (裂开；破开)，demolish(拆毁，拆除)，destroy(摧毁；毁灭)，damage(损坏)
(3)形容词和副词
beautiful→handsome(英俊的)，attractive (吸引人的)，graceful(优雅的)，fine(精美的)
glad→excited (兴奋的)，pleasant(愉快的)，joyful(欢喜的)
important→vital (至关重要的)，critical (决定性的)，significant(意义重大的)，primary(首要的)，profound(深刻的)
bad→mean (卑鄙的)，evil (邪恶的)，selfish(自私的)，disgusting(令人恶心的)
good→excellent(优秀的)，awesome(令人惊叹的)，outstanding(杰出的)
poor→impoverished(赤贫的)，needy(贫困的)，poverty stricken(一贫如洗的)
very→terribly (极度地)，extremely(极其)，highly (非常)，greatly(大大地)
nearby→adjacent(毗连的)，neighboring(邻近的，毗邻的)
all→completely(彻底地)，absolutely(绝对地)，fully(充分地)
only→merely(只不过)，solely(单独地；唯一地)
usually→periodically(周期性地)，regularly(定期地)　
2．短语优先原则
使用释义相同或相近的短语替换单词，可以达到强化表达的效果。较为常见的替换有动词→动词短语、形容词→of＋名词、副词→副词短语、介词→介词短语。
高频的单词替换成短语的情况归纳如下：
like→have a passion for, have a preference for, be keen on, be passionate about
start/begin→get down to, set out to do, set about doing
appreciate→be grateful for
raise→put forward
use→make use of, make the most of, take advantage of　
desire→ long for, feel an urge to do
decide→make up one's mind, determine to do
cry→burst into tears, burst out crying
come→draw near
meet→come across, run into
think(思考)→ ponder over, reflect on
think (认为)→hold the view
bear(忍受)→put up with
affect→have an effect/impact/influence on
remember→ bear...in mind, remind sb. of sth.
know/realize→be aware of
help sb.→give/lend sb. a hand, do sb. a favour
understand→figure out, make sense of
own→be in possession of
believe→be convinced of
tired→worn out, stressed out
stress→lay emphasis on, attach great importance to doing
solve→work out, figure out
replace→ take the place of
see→catch sight of, on seeing
suit→be suitable for, be fit for
refuse→turn down, decline to do
attract→appeal to
usually→ more often than not, on a regular basis
about→with regard to
finally→in the end, at length
important→of importance
valuable →of great value
阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[1]Whenever I spread marmalade (橘子酱), I am reminded of my mother, a five-foot-tall angel who even befriended a skunk (臭鼬).
[2]One day, while she was busy picking beans in the backyard, she came across a skunk no more than a meter away. The skunk's embarrassment was evident as he had undoubtedly been rummaging (乱翻) through the garbage. He still had a marmalade jar stuck on his nose. Mother took pity on him. Instead of worrying the creature would spray something smelly all over her and the beans, she smiled compassionately at the little thing and extended a helping hand. Kneeling on the ground, she inched across the grass, reached out, and twisted the jar—very carefully.
[3]The jar slipped off. The skunk nodded a thank- you before slipping away into the woods at the back of the garden. Obviously, there was no spraying incident, thanks to my remarkable mother. She repeated this tale numerous times, always calling the skunk Marmalade. However, that was not the end of the story. Three summers later, when I was about twelve, another encounter occurred.
[4]It was a rainy morning, and both my mother and father had gone to work. My friend Rob came over to play, and we decided to run the electric train in my room. Suddenly, a scratching sound emerged from the attic (阁楼). Rob assumed that it might be some kind of animal. Curiosity got the better of us, and we ventured towards the source of the sound.
[5]I cautiously opened the attic door in the hall. The noise ceased abruptly. I climbed up the stairs, Rob following my lead. There behind the toy box near the chimney stood the animal—black with a distinct white stripe down his back. Was he scared and trembling I believe so, at least that's what I remember. Instinctively, I retreated, fearing the potential spray or bites from the creature. “Hey, Rob，” I whispered urgently, “it's a skunk. Let's go to the kitchen and figure out a way to get him out of here.”
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
In the cupboard, several paper cups and a jar of marmalade caught our sight.____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Rob and I followed the skunk as he ate his way down the stairs.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【Settings背景】
When&Where [4]It was ________________, and both my mother and father had gone to work.
[5]I cautiously opened ________________ in the hall.
[5]I climbed up________ , Rob following my lead.
[5]Let's go to ________________ and figure out a way to get him out of here.
a rainy morning
the attic door
the stairs
the kitchen
【Characters角色】
Who ________；________；my mother；a skunk (Marmalade)
I
Rob
【Plots情节】
What [2]One day, while she was busy picking beans in the backyard, she ________________no more than a meter away.
[3]Three summers later, when I was about twelve, ________________occurred.
[4]Suddenly, ________________________ emerged from the attic.
came across a skunk
another encounter
a scratching sound
What [5]There behind the toy box near the chimney stood ________________—black with a distinct white stripe down his back.
Why [2]Mother ________________him.
the animal
took pity on
【Feelings情感】
How [2]She smiled ________________________ at the little thing.
[4] ______________ got the better of us.
[5]Instinctively, I retreated, ________ the potential spray or bites from the creature.
compassionately
Curiosity
fearing
Theme (正能量 原则) My mother and I came across ________________ separately. Instead of hurting him, we managed to get him out of our home with marmalade. The skunk found ________________in our home.
the same skunk
a warm heart
每段三个微情节(Q&A策略)：注重衔接和冲突解决原则
第一段段首句：In the cupboard, several paper cups and a jar of marmalade caught our sight.
[Question 1]　What came to my mind when I saw the marmalade
[Answer] ________________________________________　
My mother's encounter with a skunk years ago.
[Question 2]　What did I do
[Answer] ____________________________________________________
________________________　
[Question 3]　How did the skunk react
[Answer] ____________________________________________________
____________　
I dumped some marmalade into the paper cups and tried to get the skunk out of the attic.
He crept towards the first paper cup and began to lick the sweet
treat.
第二段段首句：Rob and I followed the skunk as he ate his way down the stairs.
[Question 1]　Did the skunk get out of the house What was his reaction
[Answer] ______________________________________　
[Question 2]　How did we feel
[Answer] ________________________________　
Yes, he did. He seemed to show his gratitude.
We felt amazed to encounter the skunk.
[Question 3]　What did my mother say after I shared the story with her
[Answer] ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________　
She was sure that skunk was Marmalade and he always knew where to find a warm heart and a jar of marmalade.
语言协同原则：应用高级词汇、句型和语法结构

1．臭鼬的尴尬是显而易见的，因为它无疑是在垃圾桶里翻找(东西)。
The skunk's embarrassment was evident as he had ________________ been ________________________ the garbage.(应用高级语块)
undoubtedly
rummaging through
2．她并没有担心这个小东西会在她身上和豆子上喷什么难闻的东西，而是同情地对这个小东西笑了笑，伸出了援助之手。
Instead of worrying the creature would spray something smelly all over her and the beans, she smiled ________________ at the little thing and ________________________．(应用高级语块)
compassionately
extended a helping hand
3．她跪在地上，慢慢地穿过草地，伸出手来，非常小心地转动了罐子。
Kneeling on the ground, she ________________________, reached out, and ________ the jar—very carefully.(应用高级语块)
4．好奇心战胜了我们，我们大胆地向声音的来源走去。
Curiosity ________________ us, and we ________________the source of the sound.(应用高级语块)
inched across the grass
twisted
got the better of
ventured towards
1．我匆匆忙忙地在每个纸杯里倒了一茶匙橘子酱，希望能把臭鼬从阁楼里引诱出来。
Hurriedly, I ________ a teaspoon of marmalade into each paper cup, hoping to ________ the skunk out of the attic.(应用高级语块)
2．他的鼻子抽动了一下，然后开始舔这份甜食。
His nose __________, and then he began to________________ ．(应用高级语块)
dumped
lure
twitched
lick the sweet treat
3．他狼吞虎咽地吃完最后一点橘子酱时，转过身来看着我们，那双棕色的眼睛似乎在表达他的感激之情。
As he finished ________ the last bit of the marmalade, he turned and looked at us, those brown eyes seemingly ___________________．(应用高级语块)
gobbling
showing his gratitude
4．我们站在那里，对这次非凡的邂逅感到惊奇和完全敬畏。(应用高级语块)
We stood there, amazed and _____________________ the remarkable encounter.
in complete awe of
1．我伸手去拿那个罐子，想起了几年前我母亲与臭鼬的相遇。
I reached for the jar, ________________________________________ with a skunk years ago.(v.-ing形式作状语)
remembering my mother's encounter
2．我们的心在期待中加速直跳，我们在后廊上放了一杯，在后门里放了一杯，每隔几英尺就放一杯，一直放到阁楼上。
________________________________, we set one cup on the back porch, one just inside the back door, and one every few feet all the way up to the attic. (独立主格结构)
Hearts pounding in anticipation
3．没有任何攻击的迹象，他转过身，走出房子，消失在下着雨的早晨。
Without any sign of aggression, he ______________________________
____________ and ___________________________________．(动词的联动)
turned around, made his way out of
disappeared into the rainy morning
the house
In the cupboard, several paper cups and a jar of marmalade caught our sight.____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Rob and I followed the skunk as he ate his way down the stairs._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
In the cupboard, several paper cups and a jar of marmalade caught our sight. I reached for the jar, remembering my mother's encounter with a skunk years ago. Could it be that this was indeed Marmalade, returning to our home in search of a familiar treat Hurriedly, I dumped a teaspoon of marmalade into each paper cup, hoping to lure the skunk out of the attic. Hearts pounding in anticipation, we set one cup on the back porch, one just inside the back door, and one every few feet all the way up to the attic. The skunk seemed interested, slowly creeping towards the first cup. His nose twitched, and then he began to lick the sweet treat.
Rob and I followed the skunk as he ate his way down the stairs. He seemed to have grown accustomed to our presence, no longer trembling, and even appeared to enjoy the treat. As he finished gobbling the last bit of the marmalade, he turned and looked at us, those brown eyes seemingly showing his gratitude. Without any sign of aggression, he turned around, made his way out of the house and disappeared into the rainy morning. We stood there, amazed and in complete awe of the remarkable encounter. Later, when I shared the story with my mother, she smiled and nodded, saying, “Yes, that's Marmalade. He always knows where to find a warm heart and a jar of marmalade.”