《创新方案》Unit 2 Lessons in life Period 1 课后巩固 多维提能（课件）高中英语外研版选修4同步讲练测
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| 名称 | 《创新方案》Unit 2 Lessons in life Period 1 课后巩固 多维提能（课件）高中英语外研版选修4同步讲练测 |
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| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 3.6MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-02-08 00:00:00 | ||
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(共51张PPT)
课后巩固·多维提能
维度一 词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．Concentrate on the main points of the argument and try not to get __________(distract) by incidental details.
2．The doctor discovered that the patient had a(n) ________(normal) heart rhythm, requiring immediate treatment.
[过基础 知识巩固]
distracted
abnormal
3．China has acted more kindly and positively towards neighbouring countries to strengthen friendship and gain more ___________(recognize) and support from them.
4．You will take __________(possess) of the assets if you are admitted as a legal inheritor.
5．There is no need for those who got low scores in the National College Entrance Examination to feel ___________(pessimism) about their future if they find the right path.
recognition
possession
pessimistic
维度二 固定用法和搭配
1．(2023·全国乙卷)But if there was no Internet or telephone connection we could sometimes go two weeks without getting __ touch with each other.That often worries me.
2．Taylor has spent the last two years doing everything in her power to be reunited ____ her now six-year-old daughter.
3．The findings go to show how important it is to make the most of our time and live life __ the full.
in
with
to
4．A smile can help us get _______ difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.
5．The article provides insights ____ the causes of the present economic crisis, offering potential solutions for recovery and future stability.
through
into
维度三 完成句子
1．这个方法被认为是非常有效的，是否使用它取决于你。(It's up to sb. to do sth.)
The method is thought to be very efficient and _____________________ whether to use it or not.
2．我们错过了公共汽车，看来我们好像必须要乘坐出租车了。(as if引导表语从句)
We have missed the bus. It looks _____________________________．
it's up to you to decide
as if we'll have to take a taxi
3．在最近的一次英语演讲比赛中，我竟然名列第一，真是令人惊喜。(it作形式主语)
_________________________________________ that I even ranked first in a recent English speech contest.
It was a pleasant surprise for me to find
[重教材 群文阅读]
Ⅰ.回溯课文·语段微练
【改编自Understanding ideas】
This book is about dying, but it is not pessimistic. Indeed, it is a pleasant surprise to find that this book is filled with ____________ and hope. Morrie's bravery towards the end of his life is inspirational and has made me ____________ my own life more. In fact, ____________ being a book about death, it's a book about life. As Morrie says,
B．joy
C．value
A．far from
“Once you learn how to die, you learn how to ____________．” As Morrie anticipates his own death, he ____________ everything as though through new eyes—the things around him seem more ____________ than ever before and hold new meanings. From his window, he watches each ____________ change, knowing it could be his last. This encourages us to _______________ what we have, and to make the most of each day.
D．live
C．observes
B．beautiful
A．season
D．appreciate
1．A．fear B．joy
C．worry D．alarm
2．A．create B．change
C．value D．reflect
3．A．far from B．apart from
C．other than D．except for
4．A．grow B．exercise
C．work D．live
5．A．loves B．seeks
C．observes D．considers
6．A．beneficial B．beautiful
C．accurate D．obvious
7．A．season B．thing
C．weather D．tree
8．A．hide B．establish
C．add D．appreciate
Ⅱ.融合教材·主题探究
【改编自北师大选必一U2】
Angela Johnson interviews ex-millionaire Jason Harley
For a lot of people, becoming a millionaire is a symbol of success and they set this as their ultimate goal. They spend half of their time dreaming up ways of getting rich and achieving the success they expect, and the rest of their time thinking about all the things they will do once they become rich. But do all millionaires get the sense of success they
were looking for after they achieve their goals Some continue to worry about money when they become millionaires—they worked hard to become wealthy, but then they need to continue making money so they don't lose the sense of success they have achieved. However, there are people who have turned their backs on their millions and found other forms of success in their lives. Jason Harley is one example.
Sixteen years ago, Jason was a college professor with a huge six-bedroom house and a fortune of two million dollars. Today he lives in a small dormitory room with only second-hand furniture. There are certainly no signs that Jason is a rich and successful man! There is a small garden outside with a few fruit trees, which Jason enjoys taking care of. He also grows some vegetables and a few flowers. He gets his clothes and a lot of other things from charity shops.
But Jason appreciates this change. He is pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man. He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life, as a person who had everything while many people had nothing. He made the choice to give all his money away. And this, he said, brought him happiness and a sense of success in life.
“I don't need a lot of money. I don't want to buy more things. I have enough，” said Jason.“What I want is to live simply and be helpful to others. A few years ago, I was a millionaire, but I knew millions of people died of hunger every year, and there were places with no schools and no teachers. So many people could never go to school. They didn't have the chance to learn and get on in life. This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty being a rich man without doing anything.”
√
1．What does the underlined phrase “turned their backs on” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Looked for. B．Depended on.
C．Given up. D．Applied to.
√
2．What did Jason Harley do sixteen years ago
A．He was a professor.
B．He was a college student.
C．He was a charity worker.
D．He was an engineer.
√
3．What is the main idea of paragraph 2
A．Jason Harley is a college professor.
B．Jason Harley lives a simple life now.
C．Jason Harley has a huge house and a fortune.
D．Jason Harley enjoys taking care of fruit trees.
√
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．All millionaires are happy after achieving their goals.
B．Jason Harley regrets giving away his money.
C．Jason Harley donates his money to help those in need.
D．Becoming a millionaire is the only way to be successful.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·广东名校高二质检)
At noon, I raced breathlessly home, a ten-minute walk from my school.My mother was waiting for me with outstretched arms to have lunch, during which I shared what had happened at school.
[过能力 综合提升]
I had been picked to be the princess in the school play, and for weeks my mother had rehearsed (排练) my lines so hard with me.But no matter how easily I acted at home, hardly had I stepped on stage when every word escaped me, making me pessimistic.Finally, my teacher asked me to change to a narrator's part.Her words, kindly expressed, still hurt, especially when I saw my part go to another girl.
I didn't tell my mother what had happened that day.But she sensed my pain.Instead of suggesting we practice my lines, she asked if I wanted to walk in the yard.
Under the rose vine, we could see yellow dandelions (蒲公英), as if a painter had crammed our landscape with shades of gold.I watched my mother casually bend down by one dandelion.“I'm going to dig up all these weeds，” she said, pulling it up by its roots.“From now on, we'll have only roses in this garden.”
“But I like dandelions，” I argued.“All flowers are beautiful—even dandelions.”
My mother asked thoughtfully, “Yes, every flower gives pleasure in its own way, doesn't it？” I nodded, pleased that I had won her over.“And that is true of people, too，” she added.I burst into tears, my heart swelling with a mixture of relief and regret as I told her what had happened.
“But you will be a beautiful narrator，” she said, encouraging me as she did.“The narrator's part is important, too.” Composing myself gradually, I began to accept the narrator's part.Then came the performance day.I was still nervous, but it was at that very moment that I found a dandelion in my pocket.It was obvious that my mom secretly put the flower there, which magically gave me confidence.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的母亲通过要拔掉蒲公英，只留下玫瑰的做法来教育她：每个人、每个角色都可以是很精彩的。
√
1．Why did the author get changed to the narrator's part
A．She was shy.
B．She lacked practice.
C．She disliked the former role.
D．She totally forgot the lines.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But no matter how...every word escaped me, making me pessimistic.”可知，作者被换成了解说员的角色是因为她完全忘了台词。
√
2．What did her mother do when the author felt upset
A．Her mother asked her what had happened patiently.
B．Her mother insisted on her practicing the lines.
C．Her mother made her realize every role counted.
D．Her mother immediately encouraged her to cheer up.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段至最后一段内容，尤其是第六段中的“every flower gives pleasure...true of people, too”及最后一段中的“But you will be a beautiful narrator... narrator's part is important, too.”可知，作者的母亲让作者意识到每一个角色都很重要。
√
3．Which of the following can best describe the author's mother
A．Sympathetic but strict. B．Understanding and wise.
C．Passionate but anxious. D．Curious and easy-going.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，母亲是善解人意的；通读全文可知，作者的母亲感受到作者的难过，并通过自己的做法让作者意识到每个角色都很重要，由此可推知，作者的母亲是善解人意且充满智慧的。
√
4．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．All that glitters is not gold.
B．Actions speak louder than words.
C．Constant dripping wears away a stone.
D．Every individual can make a difference.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲的是在作者遇到不顺心的事情时，作者的母亲通过自己的做法让作者明白了“每个角色都很重要”这一道理。D项“每个人都能有所作为”是文章主题的升华。
B
In today's motivational literature，failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated.Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett—“Try again. Fail again.Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success，a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory.
However，psychological research finds most of us struggle to handle failure constructively.In other words，we fail to “fail forward”．We find ways to devalue the task at which we failed，and become less motivated to persevere and reach our goals.This phenomenon is known as the “sour-grape effect”，which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir Sjastad.
Sjastad explains that “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism.“Most of us picture ourselves as competent people，so when external feedback(反馈) suggests otherwise，it poses a serious threat to that self-image，” he says.“The easiest way out is to deny or explain away the external signal，so we can reduce the inconsistency and preserve a positive sense of self.We do this even without noticing.”
If you have one bad interview for your dream job，you might convince yourself that you don't really want it at all，and stop applying for similar positions.The same goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial，or if a publisher rejects the first submission of your manuscript (手稿).“We tend to explain away our shortcomings and convince ourselves our ‘Plan C’ is actually our‘Plan A’，” Sjastad says.
It doesn't mean we should persevere in goals all the time.It can be healthy to change ambitions if the process is no longer making us happy.But the “sour-grape effect” may lead us to come to this decision prematurely，rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve.
Failures are unavoidable.By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened，you may find it easier to achieve your goals.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了正确的失败观——相比于仅仅把失败当作一种幸运，更重要的是要有建设性地“失败”，勇敢面对失败，并从中学习经验。
√
5．Why does the author mention the speech of inspirational speakers in paragraph 1
A．To offer an example to handle failure.
B．To describe a shallow understanding of failure.
C．To introduce a common attitude towards failure.
D．To emphasize the importance of experiencing failure.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容及第二段前两句可知，第一段描述了一个对失败的浅薄理解，以便作者在下文提出自己的见解：仅仅把失败当作成功的基石是肤浅的，要有建设性地“失败”，从中学习经验。
√
6．What can we learn from paragraph 3 about the “sour-grape effect”？
A．It protects us from false feedback.
B．It pictures us as competitive people.
C．It poses a severe threat to self-image.
D．It denies negative feedback to ourselves.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容，尤其是该段第三句可知，“酸葡萄效应”是一种自我保护机制，会否认外界对我们的负面反馈。
√
7．What does the underlined word “prematurely” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Unhappily. B．Mistakenly.
C．Hurriedly. D．Carelessly.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“rather than hanging on a little...might learn and improve”可知，“酸葡萄效应”可能会导致我们过早地做出决定，而不是坚持一下。由此可推知，prematurely与“hanging on a little”意义相反，画线词意为“提前地、过早地”。
√
8．Which statement would the author most probably agree with
A．Don't escape when our self-image is broken.
B．Don't quit when goals no longer make you happy.
C．Never hesitate to replace “Plan A” with “Plan C”．
D．Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者呼吁大家树立正确的失败观，警惕“酸葡萄效应”，当自我形象因失败而被打破时，不要逃避，不要贬低失败的价值，而是要勇敢地面对，并从中学习和提升。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·石家庄高二检测)I won the 2012 Boston Marathon, one of the most famous races in the world.Growing up in San Diego，I had never ____________ being a runner.When I was seven, my PE teacher told us to run a ____________．At the beginning, I was ______________．However, the teacher encouraged me to have a try.I ____________ and got a good place.
D．imagined
C．mile
D．frightened
B．agreed
Then, I ____________ running and won races in high school and college.In 2001, my coach told me I had potential to be a marathon runner.That time I believed my coach's words and started ____________．
Five years later, I finished third at the 2006 New York marathon.My hard work ____________．But when I told people I was a marathon ____________， they asked，“Did you run Boston Marathon？” So I set my ____________．
A．kept
C．training
B．paid off
A．runner
C．goal
I first ran Boston Marathon in 2009 and finished fifth.I got why Boston Marathon was such a big _____________．But I didn't give up.After training _____________ for a long time, I felt I was_____________．I decided to run Boston Marathon again.Then, the day came.When I was running, I saw the crowds _____________ the course almost the whole way.I felt I was surrounded by the love for running._____________， I made it.Through the race I learned that we can _____________ our goals if we try our best.
B．challenge
B．hard
A．prepared
D．lining
C．Luckily
D．achieve
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从七岁时受到老师的鼓励，开始跑步，最终在波士顿马拉松取得成功的故事。通过比赛，作者认为如果竭尽全力，就能实现目标。
1．A．missed B．avoided
C．admitted D．imagined
D 解析：根据下文“When I was seven, my PE teacher told us to run...the teacher encouraged me to have a try.”可知，作者从来没有想象(imagine)过要成为一名跑步运动员。
2．A．school B．company
C．mile D．metre
C 解析：根据常识及语境可知，体育老师要求学生们跑一英里(mile)。
3．A．happy B．proud
C．interested D．frightened
D 解析：根据下文“However, the teacher encouraged me to have a try.”可知，作者一开始很害怕(frightened)。
4．A．forgot B．agreed
C．left D．returned
B 解析：根据下文“got a good place”可知，作者同意(agree)了并得到了一个好名次。
5．A．kept B．remembered
C．stopped D．suggested
A 解析：根据下文“won races in high school and college”可知，作者继续(keep)跑步。keep doing sth.意为“继续做某事”为固定搭配。
6．A．studying B．listening
C．training D．reading
C 解析：根据上文“my coach told me I had potential ... believed my coach's words”可知，作者开始训练(train)。
7．A．went on B．paid off
C．made up D．passed by
B 解析：根据上文“Five years later, I finished third at the 2006 New York marathon.”可知，作者的努力得到了回报(pay off)。
8．A．runner B．coach
C．judge D．host
A 解析：根据下文“Did you run Boston Marathon？”可知，此处指作者告诉人们他是一名马拉松运动员(runner)。
9．A．record B．example
C．goal D．limit
C 解析：根据上文“But when... ‘Did you run Boston Marathon？’”及下文“I first ran Boston Marathon”可知，作者设定了目标(goal)，即去参加波士顿马拉松。
10．A．mistake B．challenge
C．surprise D．problem
B 解析：根据上文“I first ran Boston Marathon in 2009 and finished fifth.”及下文“But I didn't give up.”可推知，波士顿马拉松是一个巨大的挑战(challenge)。
11．A．low B．hard
C．easily D．quickly
B 解析：根据上文“But I didn't give up.”及下文“for a long time”可知，作者努力(hard)训练了很长一段时间。
12．A．prepared B．confused
C．injured D．tired
A 解析：根据下文“I decided to run Boston Marathon again.”可知，作者感觉自己已经做好了准备(prepared)。
13．A．teaching B．designing
C．changing D．lining
D 解析：根据下文“the course almost the whole way”可知，作者几乎一路上都看到人群排成一行(line)。
14．A．Generally B．Suddenly
C．Luckily D．Hopefully
C 解析：根据下文I made it可知，幸运的是(luckily)，作者成功了。
15．A．introduce B．describe
C．master D．achieve
D 解析：根据上文内容及下文“our goals if we try our best”可知，此处指如果尽全力就能实现(achieve)目标。
课后巩固·多维提能
维度一 词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．Concentrate on the main points of the argument and try not to get __________(distract) by incidental details.
2．The doctor discovered that the patient had a(n) ________(normal) heart rhythm, requiring immediate treatment.
[过基础 知识巩固]
distracted
abnormal
3．China has acted more kindly and positively towards neighbouring countries to strengthen friendship and gain more ___________(recognize) and support from them.
4．You will take __________(possess) of the assets if you are admitted as a legal inheritor.
5．There is no need for those who got low scores in the National College Entrance Examination to feel ___________(pessimism) about their future if they find the right path.
recognition
possession
pessimistic
维度二 固定用法和搭配
1．(2023·全国乙卷)But if there was no Internet or telephone connection we could sometimes go two weeks without getting __ touch with each other.That often worries me.
2．Taylor has spent the last two years doing everything in her power to be reunited ____ her now six-year-old daughter.
3．The findings go to show how important it is to make the most of our time and live life __ the full.
in
with
to
4．A smile can help us get _______ difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.
5．The article provides insights ____ the causes of the present economic crisis, offering potential solutions for recovery and future stability.
through
into
维度三 完成句子
1．这个方法被认为是非常有效的，是否使用它取决于你。(It's up to sb. to do sth.)
The method is thought to be very efficient and _____________________ whether to use it or not.
2．我们错过了公共汽车，看来我们好像必须要乘坐出租车了。(as if引导表语从句)
We have missed the bus. It looks _____________________________．
it's up to you to decide
as if we'll have to take a taxi
3．在最近的一次英语演讲比赛中，我竟然名列第一，真是令人惊喜。(it作形式主语)
_________________________________________ that I even ranked first in a recent English speech contest.
It was a pleasant surprise for me to find
[重教材 群文阅读]
Ⅰ.回溯课文·语段微练
【改编自Understanding ideas】
This book is about dying, but it is not pessimistic. Indeed, it is a pleasant surprise to find that this book is filled with ____________ and hope. Morrie's bravery towards the end of his life is inspirational and has made me ____________ my own life more. In fact, ____________ being a book about death, it's a book about life. As Morrie says,
B．joy
C．value
A．far from
“Once you learn how to die, you learn how to ____________．” As Morrie anticipates his own death, he ____________ everything as though through new eyes—the things around him seem more ____________ than ever before and hold new meanings. From his window, he watches each ____________ change, knowing it could be his last. This encourages us to _______________ what we have, and to make the most of each day.
D．live
C．observes
B．beautiful
A．season
D．appreciate
1．A．fear B．joy
C．worry D．alarm
2．A．create B．change
C．value D．reflect
3．A．far from B．apart from
C．other than D．except for
4．A．grow B．exercise
C．work D．live
5．A．loves B．seeks
C．observes D．considers
6．A．beneficial B．beautiful
C．accurate D．obvious
7．A．season B．thing
C．weather D．tree
8．A．hide B．establish
C．add D．appreciate
Ⅱ.融合教材·主题探究
【改编自北师大选必一U2】
Angela Johnson interviews ex-millionaire Jason Harley
For a lot of people, becoming a millionaire is a symbol of success and they set this as their ultimate goal. They spend half of their time dreaming up ways of getting rich and achieving the success they expect, and the rest of their time thinking about all the things they will do once they become rich. But do all millionaires get the sense of success they
were looking for after they achieve their goals Some continue to worry about money when they become millionaires—they worked hard to become wealthy, but then they need to continue making money so they don't lose the sense of success they have achieved. However, there are people who have turned their backs on their millions and found other forms of success in their lives. Jason Harley is one example.
Sixteen years ago, Jason was a college professor with a huge six-bedroom house and a fortune of two million dollars. Today he lives in a small dormitory room with only second-hand furniture. There are certainly no signs that Jason is a rich and successful man! There is a small garden outside with a few fruit trees, which Jason enjoys taking care of. He also grows some vegetables and a few flowers. He gets his clothes and a lot of other things from charity shops.
But Jason appreciates this change. He is pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man. He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life, as a person who had everything while many people had nothing. He made the choice to give all his money away. And this, he said, brought him happiness and a sense of success in life.
“I don't need a lot of money. I don't want to buy more things. I have enough，” said Jason.“What I want is to live simply and be helpful to others. A few years ago, I was a millionaire, but I knew millions of people died of hunger every year, and there were places with no schools and no teachers. So many people could never go to school. They didn't have the chance to learn and get on in life. This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty being a rich man without doing anything.”
√
1．What does the underlined phrase “turned their backs on” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Looked for. B．Depended on.
C．Given up. D．Applied to.
√
2．What did Jason Harley do sixteen years ago
A．He was a professor.
B．He was a college student.
C．He was a charity worker.
D．He was an engineer.
√
3．What is the main idea of paragraph 2
A．Jason Harley is a college professor.
B．Jason Harley lives a simple life now.
C．Jason Harley has a huge house and a fortune.
D．Jason Harley enjoys taking care of fruit trees.
√
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．All millionaires are happy after achieving their goals.
B．Jason Harley regrets giving away his money.
C．Jason Harley donates his money to help those in need.
D．Becoming a millionaire is the only way to be successful.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·广东名校高二质检)
At noon, I raced breathlessly home, a ten-minute walk from my school.My mother was waiting for me with outstretched arms to have lunch, during which I shared what had happened at school.
[过能力 综合提升]
I had been picked to be the princess in the school play, and for weeks my mother had rehearsed (排练) my lines so hard with me.But no matter how easily I acted at home, hardly had I stepped on stage when every word escaped me, making me pessimistic.Finally, my teacher asked me to change to a narrator's part.Her words, kindly expressed, still hurt, especially when I saw my part go to another girl.
I didn't tell my mother what had happened that day.But she sensed my pain.Instead of suggesting we practice my lines, she asked if I wanted to walk in the yard.
Under the rose vine, we could see yellow dandelions (蒲公英), as if a painter had crammed our landscape with shades of gold.I watched my mother casually bend down by one dandelion.“I'm going to dig up all these weeds，” she said, pulling it up by its roots.“From now on, we'll have only roses in this garden.”
“But I like dandelions，” I argued.“All flowers are beautiful—even dandelions.”
My mother asked thoughtfully, “Yes, every flower gives pleasure in its own way, doesn't it？” I nodded, pleased that I had won her over.“And that is true of people, too，” she added.I burst into tears, my heart swelling with a mixture of relief and regret as I told her what had happened.
“But you will be a beautiful narrator，” she said, encouraging me as she did.“The narrator's part is important, too.” Composing myself gradually, I began to accept the narrator's part.Then came the performance day.I was still nervous, but it was at that very moment that I found a dandelion in my pocket.It was obvious that my mom secretly put the flower there, which magically gave me confidence.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的母亲通过要拔掉蒲公英，只留下玫瑰的做法来教育她：每个人、每个角色都可以是很精彩的。
√
1．Why did the author get changed to the narrator's part
A．She was shy.
B．She lacked practice.
C．She disliked the former role.
D．She totally forgot the lines.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But no matter how...every word escaped me, making me pessimistic.”可知，作者被换成了解说员的角色是因为她完全忘了台词。
√
2．What did her mother do when the author felt upset
A．Her mother asked her what had happened patiently.
B．Her mother insisted on her practicing the lines.
C．Her mother made her realize every role counted.
D．Her mother immediately encouraged her to cheer up.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段至最后一段内容，尤其是第六段中的“every flower gives pleasure...true of people, too”及最后一段中的“But you will be a beautiful narrator... narrator's part is important, too.”可知，作者的母亲让作者意识到每一个角色都很重要。
√
3．Which of the following can best describe the author's mother
A．Sympathetic but strict. B．Understanding and wise.
C．Passionate but anxious. D．Curious and easy-going.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，母亲是善解人意的；通读全文可知，作者的母亲感受到作者的难过，并通过自己的做法让作者意识到每个角色都很重要，由此可推知，作者的母亲是善解人意且充满智慧的。
√
4．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．All that glitters is not gold.
B．Actions speak louder than words.
C．Constant dripping wears away a stone.
D．Every individual can make a difference.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲的是在作者遇到不顺心的事情时，作者的母亲通过自己的做法让作者明白了“每个角色都很重要”这一道理。D项“每个人都能有所作为”是文章主题的升华。
B
In today's motivational literature，failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated.Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett—“Try again. Fail again.Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success，a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory.
However，psychological research finds most of us struggle to handle failure constructively.In other words，we fail to “fail forward”．We find ways to devalue the task at which we failed，and become less motivated to persevere and reach our goals.This phenomenon is known as the “sour-grape effect”，which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir Sjastad.
Sjastad explains that “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism.“Most of us picture ourselves as competent people，so when external feedback(反馈) suggests otherwise，it poses a serious threat to that self-image，” he says.“The easiest way out is to deny or explain away the external signal，so we can reduce the inconsistency and preserve a positive sense of self.We do this even without noticing.”
If you have one bad interview for your dream job，you might convince yourself that you don't really want it at all，and stop applying for similar positions.The same goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial，or if a publisher rejects the first submission of your manuscript (手稿).“We tend to explain away our shortcomings and convince ourselves our ‘Plan C’ is actually our‘Plan A’，” Sjastad says.
It doesn't mean we should persevere in goals all the time.It can be healthy to change ambitions if the process is no longer making us happy.But the “sour-grape effect” may lead us to come to this decision prematurely，rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve.
Failures are unavoidable.By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened，you may find it easier to achieve your goals.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了正确的失败观——相比于仅仅把失败当作一种幸运，更重要的是要有建设性地“失败”，勇敢面对失败，并从中学习经验。
√
5．Why does the author mention the speech of inspirational speakers in paragraph 1
A．To offer an example to handle failure.
B．To describe a shallow understanding of failure.
C．To introduce a common attitude towards failure.
D．To emphasize the importance of experiencing failure.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容及第二段前两句可知，第一段描述了一个对失败的浅薄理解，以便作者在下文提出自己的见解：仅仅把失败当作成功的基石是肤浅的，要有建设性地“失败”，从中学习经验。
√
6．What can we learn from paragraph 3 about the “sour-grape effect”？
A．It protects us from false feedback.
B．It pictures us as competitive people.
C．It poses a severe threat to self-image.
D．It denies negative feedback to ourselves.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容，尤其是该段第三句可知，“酸葡萄效应”是一种自我保护机制，会否认外界对我们的负面反馈。
√
7．What does the underlined word “prematurely” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Unhappily. B．Mistakenly.
C．Hurriedly. D．Carelessly.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“rather than hanging on a little...might learn and improve”可知，“酸葡萄效应”可能会导致我们过早地做出决定，而不是坚持一下。由此可推知，prematurely与“hanging on a little”意义相反，画线词意为“提前地、过早地”。
√
8．Which statement would the author most probably agree with
A．Don't escape when our self-image is broken.
B．Don't quit when goals no longer make you happy.
C．Never hesitate to replace “Plan A” with “Plan C”．
D．Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者呼吁大家树立正确的失败观，警惕“酸葡萄效应”，当自我形象因失败而被打破时，不要逃避，不要贬低失败的价值，而是要勇敢地面对，并从中学习和提升。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·石家庄高二检测)I won the 2012 Boston Marathon, one of the most famous races in the world.Growing up in San Diego，I had never ____________ being a runner.When I was seven, my PE teacher told us to run a ____________．At the beginning, I was ______________．However, the teacher encouraged me to have a try.I ____________ and got a good place.
D．imagined
C．mile
D．frightened
B．agreed
Then, I ____________ running and won races in high school and college.In 2001, my coach told me I had potential to be a marathon runner.That time I believed my coach's words and started ____________．
Five years later, I finished third at the 2006 New York marathon.My hard work ____________．But when I told people I was a marathon ____________， they asked，“Did you run Boston Marathon？” So I set my ____________．
A．kept
C．training
B．paid off
A．runner
C．goal
I first ran Boston Marathon in 2009 and finished fifth.I got why Boston Marathon was such a big _____________．But I didn't give up.After training _____________ for a long time, I felt I was_____________．I decided to run Boston Marathon again.Then, the day came.When I was running, I saw the crowds _____________ the course almost the whole way.I felt I was surrounded by the love for running._____________， I made it.Through the race I learned that we can _____________ our goals if we try our best.
B．challenge
B．hard
A．prepared
D．lining
C．Luckily
D．achieve
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从七岁时受到老师的鼓励，开始跑步，最终在波士顿马拉松取得成功的故事。通过比赛，作者认为如果竭尽全力，就能实现目标。
1．A．missed B．avoided
C．admitted D．imagined
D 解析：根据下文“When I was seven, my PE teacher told us to run...the teacher encouraged me to have a try.”可知，作者从来没有想象(imagine)过要成为一名跑步运动员。
2．A．school B．company
C．mile D．metre
C 解析：根据常识及语境可知，体育老师要求学生们跑一英里(mile)。
3．A．happy B．proud
C．interested D．frightened
D 解析：根据下文“However, the teacher encouraged me to have a try.”可知，作者一开始很害怕(frightened)。
4．A．forgot B．agreed
C．left D．returned
B 解析：根据下文“got a good place”可知，作者同意(agree)了并得到了一个好名次。
5．A．kept B．remembered
C．stopped D．suggested
A 解析：根据下文“won races in high school and college”可知，作者继续(keep)跑步。keep doing sth.意为“继续做某事”为固定搭配。
6．A．studying B．listening
C．training D．reading
C 解析：根据上文“my coach told me I had potential ... believed my coach's words”可知，作者开始训练(train)。
7．A．went on B．paid off
C．made up D．passed by
B 解析：根据上文“Five years later, I finished third at the 2006 New York marathon.”可知，作者的努力得到了回报(pay off)。
8．A．runner B．coach
C．judge D．host
A 解析：根据下文“Did you run Boston Marathon？”可知，此处指作者告诉人们他是一名马拉松运动员(runner)。
9．A．record B．example
C．goal D．limit
C 解析：根据上文“But when... ‘Did you run Boston Marathon？’”及下文“I first ran Boston Marathon”可知，作者设定了目标(goal)，即去参加波士顿马拉松。
10．A．mistake B．challenge
C．surprise D．problem
B 解析：根据上文“I first ran Boston Marathon in 2009 and finished fifth.”及下文“But I didn't give up.”可推知，波士顿马拉松是一个巨大的挑战(challenge)。
11．A．low B．hard
C．easily D．quickly
B 解析：根据上文“But I didn't give up.”及下文“for a long time”可知，作者努力(hard)训练了很长一段时间。
12．A．prepared B．confused
C．injured D．tired
A 解析：根据下文“I decided to run Boston Marathon again.”可知，作者感觉自己已经做好了准备(prepared)。
13．A．teaching B．designing
C．changing D．lining
D 解析：根据下文“the course almost the whole way”可知，作者几乎一路上都看到人群排成一行(line)。
14．A．Generally B．Suddenly
C．Luckily D．Hopefully
C 解析：根据下文I made it可知，幸运的是(luckily)，作者成功了。
15．A．introduce B．describe
C．master D．achieve
D 解析：根据上文内容及下文“our goals if we try our best”可知，此处指如果尽全力就能实现(achieve)目标。