《创新方案》Unit 5 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（课件）高中英语外研版选修4同步讲练测

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Unit 5　Into the unknown
Period 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas
01
精读课文·语篇理解
《教材助读＋语基默写》见分册本
1．Civilisation A．the scientific study of the sun, moon,
stars, planets, etc.
2．bury B．an act of increasing or making sth. increase
in size, amount or importance
3．Astronomy C．to leave a thing or place, especially because it
is impossible or dangerous to stay
4．canal D．a state of human society that is very developed
and organized
5．ruin E．the parts of a building that remain after it has been
destroyed or severely damaged
6．abandon F．to decide that sb./sth. is not important and not
worth thinking or talking about
7．dismiss G．to hide sth. in the ground or to cover sth. with soil
8．expansion H．a long straight passage dug in the ground and
filled with water for boats and ships to travel along
答案：1～5.DGAHE　6～8.CFB
√
Activity 1　Reading for Genre and Structure
1．Genre:_________
A．Argumentation (议论文).
B．Exposition (说明文).
C．Narration (记叙文).
2．Structure and Clues：
secrets
calendar
writing
mysteriously
solved
thinking
about
Activity 2　Reading for Main Idea
What does the passage mainly talk about
It mainly talks about _____________________________________．
the mysteries of Maya civilisation
√
Activity 3　Reading for Details
1．Read Part 1 and answer the following questions.
(1)What is the author's purpose in starting the passage with the story about William Gadoury
A．To introduce Maya civilisation.
B．To amuse the readers.
C．To emphasize the importance of Maya civilisation.
D．To inform the readers of the location of the Maya city.
√
(2)How did William Gadoury spot an unknown Maya city
A．By going there personally.
B．By studying ancient star charts.
C．By learning the works written by scholars.
D．By making researches from people.
√
(3)What do we know about William Gadoury
A．He got support from the scholars.
B．He drew many ancient star charts.
C．He found the positions of 117 stars.
D．He was fascinated by Maya civilisation.
(4)What does the phrase “correspond to” mean
____________________________________
It means “be consistent with”．
√
2．Read Part 2 and answer the following questions.
(1)What is most extraordinary about these complex palaces and temples
A．Who built them.
B．Why people built them.
C．When people built them.
D．How people built them without machinery.
√
(2)Which of the following is NOT the mystery of Maya civilisation
A．A true writing system.
B．The complex structure of palaces and temples.
C．The Maya calendar.
D．The extension of Maya civilisation.
√
3．Read Part 3 and answer the following question.
Which of the following is TRUE
A．The technical standard of Maya was primitive.
B．In the early 16th century there were no Maya people.
C．Nowadays people have discovered the reason why Maya people left their cities.
D．In 700 AD, Maya civilisation came into being.
4．Read Part 4 and answer the following questions.
(1)How does the author start paragraph 4
A．By listing examples.
B．By asking questions.
C．By making a comparison.
D．By analysing causes.
√
(2)What played an important role in the decline of the Maya according to some research
A．Conflicts between cities.
B．The European settlers.
C．The spread of diseases.
D．The Maya people themselves.
√
(3)Which of the following is the reason why the Maya people themselves led to destruction
A．They turned wetlands into fields.
B．They dug huge canal systems.
C．They cut more trees for construction.
D．All of the above.
√
(4)What made the Maya people reduce their ability to deal with natural disasters
A．The growth of the Maya population.
B．Not following the laws of nature to change the landscape.
C．Conflicts between foreign nationalities and local people.
D．More and more natural disasters struck Maya.
√
5．Read Part 5 and answer the following question.
What does the author mean by saying “Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.”？
____________________________________________________________
Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains to be studied further.
　　Maya civilisation 1._____________________(surround) by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. The Maya built 2.____________ (impress) palaces and temples without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. The Maya's 3._______________ (understand) of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing and it was applied 4.____ the Maya calendar. On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system.
has been surrounded
impressive
understanding
to
　　The fact 5.______ Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. By 700 AD, Maya civilisation was at its peak. Yet, within just a couple of 6._____________ (generation), it began to mysteriously decline. Some research seems 7._____________(indicate) that the Maya people themselves may have played 8.___ part in their downfall. They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains, and had dug huge canal systems. By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the
that
generations
to indicate
a
Maya people 9.______________(unknowing) reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters. Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya.
　　Whatever the reasons, the rise and fall of this civilisation must leave us 10.__________(think) about our own past, present and future.
unknowingly
thinking
1．What lessons can you learn from the collapse of Maya civilisation
____________________________________________________________
2．What can we do to help protect modern civilisations
____________________________________________________________
答案：Open answers.
02
自查语基·知能落实
Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1．intrigue v.　 A．天文学
2．pyramid n. B．衰败
3．astronomy n. C．(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣，
引起……的好奇心
4．tropical adj. D．气旋；旋风
5．cyclone n. E．超级干旱
6．megadrought n. F．来自热带的；产于热带的
7．downfall n. G．金字塔
答案：1～5.CGAFD　6～7.EB
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．______ his face in his hands 他双手掩面
2．the Suez ________ 苏伊士运河
3．the _______ of the ancient city 古城的废墟
4．_________ my proposal 拒绝考虑我的建议
bury
Canal
ruins
dismiss
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．______________ n．文明(社会)→civilise vt.教化；使文明→civil adj.国民的；文明的；有礼貌的
2．_________ v．离弃，逃离→abandoned adj.被离弃的；被遗弃的
3．___________ n．扩大；增加→expand v．扩大，扩展→expansive adj.广阔的；全面的
civilisation
abandon
expansion
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．I don't know why your account of the event does not _______________ (与……相一致) hers, so I hope you could provide more details to clarify the situation.
2．It is reported that the new technology will _______________(被应用于) farming next year with the aim of improving agricultural efficiency.
correspond to
be applied to
3．We missed our flight, and ___________(除……之外) that, the airline had no available seats on any flights for the next 24 hours.
4．As computers became ______________(更加) popular in China, the Chinese were increasingly relying on computer keyboards to input Chinese characters.
5．______________(在它的鼎盛时期)，fifty thousand people lived there, but now only a fraction of the population is left.
6．After so many years of disrepair and exposure to the wind and rain, the old castle has __________________(沦为废墟).
on top of
all the more
At its peak
fallen into ruin
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
A．根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．过去分词短语作后置定语
Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city ___________________________(掩藏于丛林深处).(Para.1)
[分析]　此句中还含有省略that的______从句，作believed的______。
buried deep in the jungle
宾语
宾语
2．whatever引导让步状语从句
_______________________(无论原因是什么), Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.(Para.6)
3．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also _________________________(让我们思考) our own past, present and future.(Para.6)
Whatever the reasons
leave us thinking about
B．根据汉语提示并使用以上句式结构完成下面的小短文
　　Archaeological discoveries bring us closer to history. Old relics, 1._________________________________(出土并经过仔细研究的), tell tales of the past. 2.________________________________(无论我们遇到什么困难) in protecting them, we must persevere. We should 3._____________________________________________________(把这些珍贵的历史遗产保存好) for future generations.
unearthed and carefully studied
Whatever difficulties we meet
leave these precious historical heritages preserved perfectly
03
创意课堂·点面突破
【层级一　高频词汇诠释】
bury　v.将……埋在下面；埋藏；覆盖；遮盖；掩藏
①(北师大选必四 U10)Sitting down on a chair by the table, throwing her arms on it, and burying her face in them, she proceeded to cry stormily.
她坐在桌边的椅子上，扑到桌上，脸埋在臂弯里，接着放声大哭起来。
②(经典例句)You will have to bury yourself in your studies, if you want to pass the entrance examinations.
如果你想通过入学考试，你必须埋头学习。
be buried in＝bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于
be buried in thought 陷入沉思
补全句子/句式升级
(1)Once you _________________________________ (沉浸在) Tang poems, you'll be charmed by the wonderful Chinese language.
背诵点　应用文写作之建议信
are buried in/bury yourself in
(2)(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)David still refused to look at me and his head was buried in his arms.
→David still refused to look at me, ______________________________. (分词作状语)
→David still refused to look at me, ______________________________. (with复合结构)
→David still refused to look at me, _____________________________. (独立主格结构)
burying his head in his arms
with his head buried in his arms
his head buried in his arms
ruin　n.[C]残垣断壁，废墟；[U]毁坏；破灭　vt.毁坏，破坏；毁灭，使破产
①(教材P68)Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.
曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。
②(人教必修一U4)Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.
幸存者目光所及之处皆是废墟。城市里的一切几乎都被摧毁了。
(1)in ruins 严重受损，破败不堪；一片废墟
fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落，败落；沦为废墟
(2)ruin one's health/fame/future
毁坏某人的健康/名誉/前途
单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)It rained for one week on end, completely _________(ruin) our holidays and leaving us disappointed that we had to cancel all our outdoor activities.
(2)She went through a period of emotional adjustment after her company fell ______ ruin and she finally decided to find a new job.
ruining
into
(3)一回到镇上，他们就震惊地发现他们的街区成了一片废墟，房屋倒塌，树木倒下。这一意外的景象让他们极为悲伤。
On returning to the town, they were shocked to _______________________________,with houses collapsed and trees down. This unexpected sight left them heartbroken.
背诵点　读后续写之场景描写
find their neighborhood in ruins
abandon　v.放弃；离弃，遗弃，逃离；陷入，沉湎于　n．放纵；放任
①(教材P68)But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.
但其中最大的谜团是为何玛雅人遗弃了他们绝大部分的大城市。
②(译林选必一 U2)Even in his darkest moments, however, Beethoven never abandoned hope.
然而，即使在他最黑暗的时刻，贝多芬都不曾放弃希望。
(1)abandon doing sth.　 放弃做某事
abandon oneself to (doing) sth.＝be abandoned to (doing) sth.
沉湎于(做)某事；放纵(感情)于(做)某事
(2)with abandon 纵情地；放任地
(3)abandoned adj. 被抛弃了的；废弃的；放纵的
单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子
(1)(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel ___________ (abandon).
(2)We had to abandon __________(carry) out the plan because of unforeseen challenges and obstacles that had arisen.
abandoned
carrying
(3)We sang，danced，and laughed ______________(尽情地), forgetting the troubles in our lives.
背诵点　读后续写之动作描写
(4)史蒂文沉湎于丢失了他的猫的悲伤中，禁不住哭了起来。
___________________________________________________________, Steven just couldn't help crying.
背诵点　读后续写之情绪描写
with abandon
Abandoning himself to/Abandoned to the sorrow of losing his cat
【层级二　中频词汇积累】
dismiss　v.拒绝考虑，否定，不予理会；消除，摒弃(思想、感情等)；解雇；开除；让(某人)离开；解散
(1)dismiss...from... 将……从……解雇/开除；
从……中消除/摒弃……
dismiss sb./sth. as sth./adj. 将……视为……而不予考虑
(2)dismissal n. 解雇；开除；不予考虑；摒弃
[微练]——写出下列句中dismiss的含义/补全句子
(1)Tom was dismissed from the job for incompetence last month and led a miserable life. ______
(2)I gently patted him on the shoulder to dismiss his fears from his mind. ______
(3)(译林选必三 U3)For many years, some historians dismissed the records of these voyages as legends. __________
解雇
消除
不予理会
(4)(人教选必四 U1)The clock struck eight. The guests would be arriving soon, so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night. ______________
(5)Just ____________________________________(把那些想法从你的脑海中消除)—they're crazy and not worth thinking about.
让(某人)离开
dismiss those thoughts from your mind
expansion　n.扩大；增加；扩张
(1)expand v. 使变大；伸展；扩大，扩展；增加
expand into 扩展成；扩大为；发展成
expand...into... 将……扩展/发展成……
expand on/upon 详述；详细阐明
(2)expanded adj. 扩充的；展开的
[微练]——单句语法填空/补全句子
(1)(译林选必三 U4)All of these activities contributed to a great age of ___________(expand) as trade and cultural exchanges gave people access to new goods, knowledge and ideas.
(2)(2022·全国乙卷)In Wickenden's book，she ___________________ (详细说明) the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead.
expansion
expanded on/upon
(3)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Travel promotes understanding, ___________________ (拓宽了我们的思维), makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.
expands our minds
【层级三　低频词汇拾遗】
civilisation　n. 文明(社会)
①(经典例句) The Victorians regarded the railways as bringing progress and civilisation.
维多利亚时代的人认为铁路带来了进步和文明。
②(经典例句)The book contrasts modern civilisation with the ideal of the noble savage who lived in harmony with nature.　这本书将现代文明同与自然界和谐相处的高尚野蛮人的理想进行了对比。
canal　n.运河
①(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) Shanghai may be the recognized home of the soup dumpling，but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace.
上海可能是公认的汤包之乡，但实际上食物历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河古镇——南翔才是小笼包的发源地。
②(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
他还设计了一台生态机器，用于清理中国东南部城市福州的运河水。
①(教材P66)Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.
据此，他相信自己发现了掩藏于丛林深处的一座未知的玛雅城市的位置。
过去分词短语作后置定语
②(经典例句)The painting, hanging on the wall for decades and admired by countless visitors, finally found its way into a famous museum.
这幅画挂在墙上数十年，被无数游客欣赏，最终被一家著名的博物馆收藏。
(1)一般情况下，单个的过去分词作定语时，要放在被修饰词之前，而过去分词短语往往作后置定语，即放在被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句；
(2)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动或完成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者或表示该动作已经完成。不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动；
(3)现在分词作定语表示主动和进行。
单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017.Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, __________(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
(2)Meanwhile, he is also amazed by the modern city ___________ (combine) high-end businesses and various industries.
inspired
combining
(3)简心惊胆战地走近那座老旧、废弃的、用涂鸦标记的房子。她心中夹杂着好奇和恐惧，想知道这座房子被毁坏的墙壁里可能隐藏着什么秘密。
With her heart pounding, Jane approached the old___________ house _____________ graffiti, feeling a mix of curiosity and fear as she wondered what secrets it might hold within its ________ walls.
背诵点　读后续写之心理描写
abandoned
marked with
ruined
04
课堂微练·即时检验
Ⅰ.教材语块必备
1．___________________ 自然现象
2．_______________________ 古代文明
3．_____________________ 古老星图
4．__________________________ 精确到……以内
5．______________ 索取财富
6．____________________ 一场自然灾害
natural phenomena
ancient civilisations
ancient star charts
be accurate to within...
claim riches
a natural disaster
7．________________ 食物短缺
8．_________________________ ……的兴衰
9．____________________ 未解之谜
10．______________________________ 有惊人的发现
11．______________ 畜力
12．__________________ 一套文字系统
13．__________________ 一种致死疾病
food shortages
the rise and fall of...
unsolved mysteries
make an incredible discovery
animal power
a writing system
a deadly disease
Ⅱ.品句填词
1．The company has decided to _________(放弃) the project due to technical difficulties that could not be overcome.
2．On the top of the mountain lie ancient _______(废墟), hidden from the world for centuries, waiting to be explored.
3．The company had to _________(解雇) several employees due to financial difficulties, which forced it to make tough decisions in order to maintain its operation.
abandon
ruins
dismiss
4．The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, _________(将……埋在下面) her head in the book in her hands.
5．Chinese citizens are to have their fingerprints recorded when __________(申请) for or changing their identity cards.
6. The forests disappeared gradually due to the rapid ___________(扩大) of human activities, particularly deforestation for agricultural land, leading to a significant loss of biodiversity.
burying
applying
expansion
Ⅲ.词块运用
1．____________(除……之外) being dark, it rained, which made the journey even tougher and more challenging.
2．The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape has made them less likely to ________________(沦为废墟).
3．Tourism is _____________(在它的鼎盛时期) in August in this big city, with an average of 10，000 visits per day.
On top of
fall into ruin
at its peak
4．The statement in the report didn't _______________(与……相一致) what was actually said during the meeting, causing confusion and misunderstanding.
5．The support from his friends made him feel ______________(更加) confident about the upcoming challenge.
correspond to
all the more