高考英语二轮复习专题攻克阅读理解第四节词句含义猜测题课件
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| 名称 | 高考英语二轮复习专题攻克阅读理解第四节词句含义猜测题课件 |
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| 格式 | ppt | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.5MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-02-11 00:00:00 | ||
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(共105张PPT)
第四节 词句含义猜测题
猜测画线词/短语/句子的意思是高考阅读理解的必考题型，这类题目要求考生利用文章信息推出文章中某个生词、短语甚至句子的(隐藏)含义以及代词的指代对象，其目的是考查考生在阅读中理解生僻词块含义以及代词指代对象的高阶能力，这是考查考生语言运用能力以及思维品质的重要途径。掌握一定的猜词技巧对于英语阅读有着举足轻重的意义。虽然每年的高考阅读理解中该类题目数量不多，却是考生失分的重灾区之一。
细研真题
·解锁疑难
考法1 词义猜测题——巧用线索猜词义
[典例1] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·C)
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors，including reduced concentration，an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more，learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this finding.The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
28．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Seem unlikely to last.
B．Seem hard to explain.
C．Become ready to use.
D．Become easy to notice.
[分析] 根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more，learning is generally more successful when it‘s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及由后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意。
[答案] ____
D
[典例2] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·C)In this “book of books，”artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school，with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume，deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago，but they record moments we can all relate to．
30．What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Understand. B．Paint.
C．Seize. D．Transform.
[分析] “These scenes(这些场景)”指的是孩子们在家或学校学习阅读以及成年人沉浸在一卷书中，陷入沉思或沉浸在片刻的休闲中。并列连词 but表示转折，前一分句说这些场景可能在数百年前被绘制，距离现在已经十分久远，后一分句与前一分句构成转折关系，所以应表示我们现在仍然能够理解画中描绘的那些时刻。故画线词的意思为“理解”。
[答案] ____
A
[典例3] (2023·全国甲卷·B)Terri Bolton is a__dab__hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself)．Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture，she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
24．Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
A．An artist. B．A winner.
C．A specialist. D．A pioneer.
[分析] 根据第一段中的“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture，she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.”可知，泰瑞·博尔顿擅长搭架子和拼装家具，她自己能做的工作从不付钱给别人做。据此可知，她是自我动手方面的专家，故画线部分意为“专家”。
[答案] ____
C
[典例4] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·C)Wendy Wilson，extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street，one of the first to embark__on the project，said：“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
30．What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7
A．Improve. B．Oppose.
C．Begin. D．Evaluate.
[分析] 分析画线词所在句可知，Wendy Wilson后的两个短语都是Wendy Wilson的同位语，对Wendy Wilson进行进一步介绍，可以利用同位语的补充说明作用进行解题；再结合后文 Wendy Wilson的话“居民们非常乐意接纳这个项目和创意活动的想法，我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣”可推知，含画线部分的短句的意思是“首批着手做这个项目的人之一”，因此画线部分的意思为“开始”。
[答案] ____
C
[设题特点]
4种文体所涉及的各种话题的阅读理解均涉及考查猜测单词或短语的含义。除了直接的命题外，在阅读理解的文章中常有一些单词或短语为生僻词，但又没有附加注释，也需要猜测词义才能理解文章，这是词义猜测题的一种间接命题形式。
[设问方式]
①What does the word/phrase “________” in Paragraph 1 refer to/mean
②What does the underlined word/phrase “______” in Paragraph 2 probably mean/refer to
③Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word in Paragraph ...
[解题技巧]
巧用线索猜词义
1．利用“逻辑关系”猜词义
利用3种逻辑关系词前后的词语确定画线词含义。
2．利用“语法关系”猜词义
3．利用上下文语境猜词义
4．利用构词法猜词义
5．利用“背景常识”猜词义
描述日常生活中或熟悉的事物时，可利用日常生活和与文化背景有关的常识准确猜测句中生词的含义。
考法2 代词指代题——“就近原则”找指代
[典例1] (2024·浙江卷1月·B)
When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago，right The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was ...2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing，I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”.
24．What does the word “it”underlined in the first paragraph refer to
A．The play.
B. The shared house.
C．The sofa.
D. The telephone box.
[分析] 根据“I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.”可知，此处是指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，所以it代指“合租房”。
[答案] ____
B
[典例2] (2025·全国二卷)
...
There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class.She generally works with their regular
teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，”Ho says.“They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.”
...
26．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4
A．Offering regular lessons.
B．Paying extra attention.
C．Assigning no schoolwork.
D．Showing no sympathy.
[分析] 根据画线词所在句上文中的“Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments；they express sympathy instead.”可知，一些教师出于对患病学生的同情，不给他们布置任何作业；结合画线词所在句中的“it is a disservice to the kids”和下文“They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.”可推知，凯西·霍认为这种方式对孩子而言是一种伤害，孩子会认为老师不关心自己的功课，因此it指代上文提到的“不给患病的学生布置作业”这一举动。
[答案] ____
C
[设题特点]
代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的所指。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。
[设问方式]
①What does the underlined word “this/it/them/which ...” refer to
②The underlined part “it/that/they/which ...” in Paragraph ...refers to ________．
[解题技巧]
“就近原则”找指代
[课堂点评]
__________________________________________________________
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考法3 句意理解题——“意义吻合”推句意
[典例] (2024·全国甲卷·B)
...
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit，but cats take this behavior up a notch．Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物)．Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you.These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time.So just go along with it!
26．Which best explains the phrase “take...up a notch” in paragraph 3
A．Perform appropriately.
B．Move faster.
C．Act strangely.
D．Do better.
[分析] 根据画线部分前的“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit，but cats”以及“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. ... Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you.”可知，猫通过带回物品给主人来表示爱意，这种行为比狗的取物行为更进一步，即做得更好。
[答案] ____
D
[设题特点]
句意理解题一般设在前后文逻辑性比较强的语境中，画线句子与前后文之间存在一定的逻辑关系，如递进、承接、转折、因果、阐释、总结等，根据这些逻辑关系即可推测画线句子的含义。
[设问方式]
①What does the underlined sentence in the second paragraph mean
②Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence in the last paragraph
[解题技巧]
“意义吻合”推句意
[课堂点评]
__________________________________________________________
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A
Does your life ever feel as if you're pushing a heavy car—one on which you've spent much money and that has now broken down？You've done everything right: you haven't invested heavily in a new business or quit your job to pursue your childhood dream of becoming a professional athlete.You have been a sensible adult living your sensible life.So why does it feel like such hard work
巧刷模拟
·巩固提高
This has been me for the past few months.Earlier this year，I took a long hard look at my sources of income and decided to focus on the ones that provided the most money.I'm lucky enough to have had a good financial year.But despite doing the right thing，it has used up my energy and I've worked out why.
Years ago，I realized that I disliked hard work.Don't get me wrong.I don't mind working hard，but hard work isn't for me.What's the difference？For a start，hard work feels as if it never really gets going.You can push hard work and it might move a little but there's no celebratory moment when it gets done.Most importantly，hard work lacks joy.Working hard on a project you feel excited and moved by can be tiring and difficult，but it's ultimately joyful and that is what I've been missing.
So I asked myself what would feel scary but joyful and this is the answer.I'm going to write a romance.Of course，being a middle-aged journalist who suddenly decides to write a book is nothing novel.However，for me，it hits the sweet spot between being joyful enough to make me want to do it and scary enough to make me feel it's worthwhile.
As with all good middle-aged changes，this one hasn't really been thought through.I know little about writing fiction and even less about what makes a good book.I have the thinnest ideas for a plot but，for the first time in a while，I'm excited，I will be another Jane Austen with my fantasies which give me life.So now，I have to go and sharpen my pencil.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者发现在一个让自己感到兴奋和感动的项目上努力工作可能会很累、很困难，但最终是快乐的，这是作者一直错过的工作和生活，后来，作者决定尝试写一本书，虽然这不是什么新鲜事，却让作者第一次感受到了兴奋。
1．What can best describe the author's current feeling about life
A．A new business makes her feel fresh.
B．She has got everything under her control.
C．She is conflicted about living a sensible life.
D．A childhood dream inspires her to make more efforts.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第一段的“You have been a sensible adult living your sensible life.So why does it feel like such hard work？”可知，作者对理智的生活感到矛盾，故C项正确。
2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Living a rather sensible life.
B．Identifying income sources.
C．Discovering new life goals.
D．Sorting out the author's jobs.
解析：A 代词指代题。根据第一段的“You have been a sensible adult ...such hard work？”以及第二段的“This has been me ...decided to focus on the ones that provided the most money ...despite doing the right thing”可知，第二段画线词it指的是过着理智的生活，故A项正确。
3．What's the author's understanding of hard work and working hard
A．Journalism is a career worth working hard.
B．Hard work is something either sweet or tiring.
C．Writing a romance is difficult but rewarding.
D．Working hard rarely brings about satisfaction.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“However，for me，it hits the sweet spot between being joyful enough to make me want to do it and scary enough to make me feel it's worthwhile.”可知，作者认为写浪漫小说很难，但是非常值得，故C项正确。
4．What is probably the best title for the text
A．Dare to Attempt
B．Middle-aged Job Crisis
C．The Celebratory Moment
D．A Future Jane Austen
解析：A 标题归纳题。作者感到生活不如意，在勇敢尝试写小说后，找到了人生的乐趣，与A项“Dare to Attempt”意义一致，故A项正确。
B
Some experts believe that cars will unavoidably be eliminated．They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all cars will be given up and allowed to rust(生锈)．Other authorities，however，think the car is here to stay.They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the predictable future.
The car will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years.It should become smaller，safer，and more economical，and should not be powered by the gasoline engine.The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.
Despite its power source，the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic jams.One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.When the auto enters the highway system，a retractable(伸缩自如的)arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail，which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically.
Once attached to the rail，the car will become electrically powered by the system，and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer.The computer will then monitor all of the car's movements.
The driver will use a telephone to enter instructions about his destination into the system.The computer will work out the best route，and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit on the highway.The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer(蜂鸣器)that will warn him of his coming exit.It is predicated that an automated highway will be able to deal with
10，000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1，500 to 2，000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了未来汽车的发展前景。
5．What does the underlined word “eliminated”in paragraph 1 mean
A．Tested out. B．Passed down.
C．Kept track of. D．Got rid of.
解析：D 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all cars will be given up and allowed to rust(生锈)．”可知，一些专家认为车将会被淘汰。此处eliminated意为“被淘汰”。
6．What is the author's main concern about future autos
A．The pollution.
B．Their operating system.
C．The jams.
D．Their seating space.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Despite its power source，the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic jams.”可知，未来的汽车仍会是城市交通堵塞最主要的问题。
7．What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system
A．A rail. B．An engine.
C．A retractable arm. D．A computer center.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“a retractable(伸缩自如的)arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail，which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically”可知，为汽车提供电能的是轨道，这种轨道与那些用电力驱动地铁的轨道相似。
8．What need the driver do in an automated highway system
A．Keep to the right route.
B．Just wait to arrive at his destination.
C．Inform the system of his destination.
D．Keep in constant touch with a computer.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The driver will use a telephone to enter instructions about his destination into the system.”可知，司机需要用手机将目的地输入系统中。
训练10 词句猜测题——词义猜测题
(限时：15分钟)
A
(2023·浙江卷1月)Live with roommates？Have friends and family around you？Chances are that if you're looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle，not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon．
课时规范
训练10-12
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago，as I was living with my parents，and I continue to experience this with my husband，as he is not completely zero waste like me.I've learned a few things along the way though，which I hope you'll find encouraging if you're doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back.I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson，sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars，and have so little trash！A few days later，I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries，and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere.It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued，I did what I could that was within my own reach.I had my own bedroom，so I worked on removing things I didn't need.Since I had my own toiletries(洗漱用品)，I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable.I also offered to cook every so often，so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries.Perhaps your household won't entirely make the switch，but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes，you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you're doing，which can turn itself into a whole household debate.If you have individuals who are not on board，your words probably won't do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice：Lead by action.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在最开始尝试“零浪费”生活方式时，家人并不理解她的做法，但她仍然坚持并建议读者用行动引领生活方式的转变。
1．What do the underlined words“jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph
A．Share an apartment with you.
B．Join you in what you're doing.
C．Transform your way of living.
D．Help you to make the decision.
解析：B 词义猜测题。根据画线部分前的“Live with roommates？”“Have friends and family around you？”及“looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle”提及的对生活方式的渴望，再根据下文描述的作者在生活方式的选择上与家人不同时的经历可推断，此处表示当你想选择更加可持续的生活方式时，不是身边的所有人都会加入其中，故B项与画线词组的意思最为接近。
2．What was the attitude of the author's father toward buying groceries with jars
A．He disapproved of it.
B．He was sympathetic to it.
C．He was tolerant of it.
D．He didn't care about it.
解析：A 观点、态度题。根据第三段中的“my dad commented on ...jars everywhere”可知，父亲对作者在“零浪费”生活方式上做的尝试并不赞同，故A项正确。
3．What can we infer about the author
A．She is quite good at cooking.
B．She respects others' privacy.
C．She enjoys being a housewife.
D．She is a determined person.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“how silly it was”“a bit discouraging”可知，作者在最开始尝试可持续生活方式时并不顺利，未获得家人支持。根据第二段中的“I experienced this ...zero waste like me”及下文内容可知，作者仍然坚持自己的“零浪费”生活方式。由此可知，虽然在生活方式上的转变未获得家人的支持，但她依然坚持，可见她是一个意志坚定的人，故D项正确。
4．What is the text mainly about
A．How to get on well with other family members.
B．How to have one's own personal space at home.
C．How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.
D．How to control the budget when buying groceries.
解析：C 主旨大意题。文章第一、二段讲述了在家庭生活中实行“零浪费”生活方式可能遭遇反对，第三、四段讲述了作者自身如何通过行动在家庭中改变生活方式，第五段讲述了当你改变生活方式时，你可能遭遇的情况，第六段讲述了作者给读者的建议，再根据第二段尾句中的“how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household”可知，文章主要内容与如何在家庭生活中实现“零浪费”生活方式有关，故C项正确。
B
In the early 1990s，my friend Jay was working for IBM and was paid a good salary.Later，Jay declined an offer from an interesting but small organization because of the low pay.He has regretted it ever since.That small company was Microsoft.
Regret is a reaction to a disappointing event in your life，such as a choice you made that can't be changed，or something you said that you can't take back.It is a heavy and negative emotion connected to pity，sorrow and helplessness and can last for minutes，days，years or even a lifetime.Regret can increase your stress and throw off the balance of immune(免疫的)systems.
Fortunately，regret can be overcome through interventions.As a psychologist at the University of Virginia School of Medicine，I conducted a study on stressful emotion.In the study，we found people would experience regret for action or inaction.The action-related regret，although painful，stimulates people to learn from their mistakes and move on.But the regret related to the inaction is more likely to lead to depression and anxiety.Avoiding or denying regret only can increase negative feelings and extend the time people suffer with them.Rather than stay stuck，people can manage these emotions in four steps：First，accept the fact that you are feeling them；determine why you are feeling them；allow yourself to learn from them；and finally，release them and move forward.
In Jay's case，at first he pushed away his feelings of regret.He continued to struggle with thoughts of what he missed.He did not change until he approached and explored his feelings of regret.Eventually he accepted the fact and reminded himself of his rationale at the time—he failed to recognize the potential of Microsoft.On making future decisions，Jay recognized the importance of obtaining information about opportunities and challenged himself to learn about the big players in the field.Doing so allowed him to move on and ultimately forgive himself.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“遗憾”的定义，并通过Jay的经历来说明应对“遗憾”的方法。
5．What does Paragraph 2 mainly focus on about regret
A．Its condition. B．Its definition.
C．Its variation. D．Its consequence.
解析：B 段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Regret is a ...in your life”“It is a heavy ...even a lifetime.”可知，遗憾是对生活中令人失望的事件的反应，它是一种沉重而消极的情绪，与怜悯、悲伤和无助有关，可以持续几分钟、几天、几年甚至一生。由此可知，第二段主要介绍什么是遗憾。
6．What does the finding of the study indicate
A．Regret can disappear itself.
B．Interventions increase pains.
C．Avoidance may relieve stress.
D．Acceptance helps manage regret.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Rather than stay ...move forward.”可知，与其停滞不前，人们可以用四个步骤来管理这些情绪：首先，接受你正在感受它们的事实；确定你为什么会有这些感觉；允许自己向它们学习；最后，发泄它们，继续前进。由此可推知，接受有助于管理遗憾。
7．What does the underlined word“rationale”in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Reason. B．Puzzle.
C．Concern. D．Emotion.
解析：A 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的破折号，以及其后的“he failed to recognize the potential of Microsoft”可知，他没有认识到微软的潜力。这一句是在解释Jay拒绝微软并且感到遗憾的原因。
8．Why is Jay's experience mentioned
A．To attract more attention to mental diseases.
B．To raise awareness of psychological health.
C．To demonstrate negative effects of regret.
D．To justify the approach to tackling regret.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，在Jay的例子中，起初他推开了自己的后悔感，最终他接受了事实，并提醒自己当时那样做的理由。在未来做决策时，Jay认识到获取机会信息的重要性，并强迫自己去了解该领域的重要竞争者。这样做可以让他继续前进，最终原谅自己。由此可推知，这一段主要是通过Jay的经历来证明应对“遗憾”的方法是正确的。
训练11 词句猜测题——代词指代题
(限时：15分钟)
A
“Why do you always apologize before you ask a question？I don't get it，”Dan asked.I looked at him blankly，not understanding what he meant but felt that there was more than a trace of annoyance in his tone.
I felt defensive.I thought for a moment.“There's no reason for it.You shouldn't do that，”he said.“Sorry if it annoys you，”I responded.I probably annoyed him again by apologizing again.
This happened over 35 years ago.I thought about it then，and I still reflect on it now.Asking questions in class or in conversation isn't that simple，at least not to me.
As I thought about it，many things came into play.First things were self-consciousness and insecurity.Maybe I had missed something the professor said.I knew some students，as a result of those doubts，didn't ask questions.I had enough confidence to ask，but not enough to not soften it.I realized，as Dan pointed out，that I likely did start with something like，“Sorry，maybe I missed this，but can you explain ...” I wondered whether there was anything so wrong with that.
I don't think it occurred to me at the time，but it did years later，and it also probably related to being female.I knew that as a woman there was a line of not coming across too aggressively.Besides，I became conscious of not implying judgement—I didn't want a professor to think I was questioning his expertise，or suggesting he was a bad teacher.It seemed like a reasonable strategy to start by acknowledging that I could be wrong or uninformed.
Before Dan's comment，I hadn't thought about it consciously，much less had considered that there could be a downside to doing it.But I was learning that there was.If Dan was an example，it could be unpleasant.I didn't want to go around apologizing for my existence.As I've gotten older，I think I've done it less.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者曾经因为在问问题之前经常会说“对不起”而被质疑，之后她开始反思并减少这种行为。
1．How did the author feel when hearing Dan's question at first
A．Sorry. B．Funny.
C．Puzzled. D．Annoyed.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I looked at him blankly，not understanding what he meant”可知，当作者听到Dan的问题时她首先是困惑的。故选C。
2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to
A．The reason for lacking confidence.
B．The author's habit of saying sorry.
C．The importance of asking a question.
D．The author's attitude towards females.
解析：B 代词指代题。根据第五段第一句“I don't think ...to being female.”可知，作者当时不认为这发生在她身上了，但几年后它的确发生了，它也可能与自己本身是女性有关。再根据下文的解释可知，it指代的应是作者在问问题前说抱歉的习惯。故选B。
3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Making comments is risky.
B．Dan broke up with the author.
C．The author no longer said sorry.
D．Saying sorry may annoy others.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者从Dan的语气中感受到的不仅仅是一点点生气。根据最后一段中的“But I was learning ...it could be unpleasant.”可知，作者知道了这样做是不利的。如果Dan是一个例子，它可能是不愉快的。由此可推知，问问题前总是说抱歉可能会让他人生气。故选D。
4．What is mainly talked about in the text
A．The art of asking a question.
B．The technique of apologizing.
C．The conflicts between classmates.
D．The reasons for asking a question.
解析：A 主旨大意题。浏览全文可知，本文讲述了别人对作者问问题时的习惯进行质疑，然后作者对自己问问题的方式进行了分析和反思，由此可知，A选项“问问题的艺术”可以概括文章主旨。故选A。
B
A team led by researchers from the UK examined waterbird data from 1，506 protected areas and analyzed more than 27，000 bird populations across the world.They compared waterbird populations before and after the establishment of protected areas and also compared trends of similar populations within and outside of protected areas.
“Our study shows that，while many protected areas are working well，many others are failing to have a positive effect，”lead author Hannah Wauchope says in a statement.“In the majority of places we investigated，bird populations were stable or were increasing，but some of them weren't doing any better than unprotected areas，” she adds.“That's disappointing，but not surprising.There seems to be a disconnection between people talking about how much land is protected and whether those areas are actually doing anything positive.”
This study comes ahead of a United Nations meeting in China to discuss biodiversity goals for the next decade.Several countries have already committed to protecting 30 percent of the planet by 2030，yet the researchers say this alone does not necessarily guarantee positive outcomes for species.
“An obsession (迷恋) with reaching a certain area-based target—such as 30 percent by 2030—without focusing on managing existing protected areas appropriately will achieve little，”co-author Julia Jones says.“When world leaders gather in China later this year to set targets for the next decade，I really hope to see a change of their focus，rather than seeing them simply say how much surface area they are going to protect.”
According to Thomas Brooks，the chief scientist at the International Union for Conservation of Nature，who was not involved in the study，waterbirds are a good example of a group facing the consequences of human behaviors that cause biodiversity loss.These animals respond quickly to changes in site quality and are broadly distributed，clearly reflecting the impact of protected areas.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。来自英国的研究人员发现，很多水鸟保护区的运作虽然良好，但还有一些保护区并没有产生积极的影响。本文主要介绍了此项研究，同时研究人员也提出了未来的期望。
5．What can be learned about protected areas from the study
A．They have a negative effect on wildlife.
B．Their bird populations are increasing.
C．Their problems weren't noticed at all.
D．They don't always help waterbirds.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Our study shows that...many others are failing to have a positive effect”可知，研究发现保护区并不总能帮到水鸟。故选D。
6．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Expanding protected areas.
B．Organizing the meeting.
C．Talking about biodiversity.
D．Making a big promise.
解析：A 代词指代题。结合语境可知，“this”指的应该是前面涉及的某个举动。结合前面“Several countries have already committed to protecting 30 percent of the planet by 2030”可知，几个国家已经承诺在2030年之前保护地球30%的区域。所以推测此处是说然而研究者说仅扩大保护区不一定能保证给物种带来积极效果。故选A。
7．What does Julia Jones call on world leaders to do
A．Try to set targets for the next ten years.
B．Focus on the effectiveness of protected areas.
C．Face the consequences of human behaviors.
D．Have a deep understanding of biodiversity.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“An obsession (迷恋) ...without focusing on managing existing protected areas appropriately will achieve little”可知，关注点在扩大保护区而不在恰当地管理现有保护区，将会收效甚微。再结合“I really hope to see a change of their focus”和研究发现可知，Julia Jones呼吁世界领导人关注对现有保护区的管理，确保它们能发挥应有的作用，而不只是扩大保护区。故选B。
8．What might Thomas Brooks think of the study
A．Pioneering. B．Disappointing.
C．Convincing. D．Unsatisfying.
解析：C 观点、态度题。根据最后一段中的“waterbirds are a good example...of protected areas”可知，Thomas Brooks认为水鸟对所在地质量的变化作出快速反应，并广泛分布，能清晰反映保护区的影响，故他会认为该研究是令人信服的。故选C。
训练12 词句猜测题——句意理解题
(限时：15分钟)
A
Queen Elizabeth National Park is a place of outstanding beauty and extreme biodiversity.On a previous underwater assignment with my wife and photographic partner，Jennifer Hayes，we'd documented healthy coral reefs surrounded with fish，sharks，and crocodiles.We knew that time，increased tourism and climate change could make the park different—so 15 years later，we returned to see how it was going.
We were photographing some jellyfish.Jennifer，her back to me，was focused on something above her.Out of the corner of my viewfinder，I saw a sizable crocodile coming.As I began to take its photograph，I realized that the crocodile was going to swim directly between Jennifer and me.I started to make loud noises through my regulator and moved towards Jennifer，firing a burst of flash-lit shots to warn her that we had company.She quickly detected my signal and turned to meet our visitor.
She gave me a quick thumbs-up，nodded OK，and said“Hello，handsome”as she bent closer to take its photos.I admired her for treating the crocodile with respect，calm curiosity，and absolute joy.She didn't feel threatened.She was familiar with this kind of crocodile in this particular place—and she had a big underwater camera housing that could double as a mighty shield(盾牌)if needed.After a few pictures the crocodile，unimpressed with us，swam downstream on its way to do other crocodile things.We continued our search for jellyfish.
There is always risk in our line of work.But this encounter highlighted the good news that we saw all around us here.The crocodile is an indicator animal，a symbol of a healthy ecosystem that can support top predators(捕食性动物)．The easing of travel restrictions is bound to bring more tourists—so it's vital to maintain a balance among ecotourism，exploration，and conservation.That's possible if visitors adopt the same philosophy that we hold toward that curious crocodile.We enter Earth's oceans on their terms，not our own.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者和妻子返回伊丽莎白女王国家公园去看生态系统的变化，偶遇了一只鳄鱼。通过和鳄鱼的短暂接触，他们发现公园的生态系统维持得很好，最后作者呼吁我们在探索自然的过程中也要尊重自然。
1．What was the author's purpose in returning to Queen Elizabeth National Park
A．To enjoy its beauty.
B．To assess a document.
C．To check its ecosystem.
D．To photograph jellyfish.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We knew that time ...see how it was going.”可知，作者和妻子回来是想看看伊丽莎白女王国家公园的变化，结合文章内容尤其是最后一段中的“a healthy ecosystem”可推测出他们主要是想看看公园的生态系统。
2．Why did Jennifer feel at ease with the crocodile
A．She met it before.
B．She trusted her husband.
C．She could protect herself.
D．She longed for its company.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第三段第四句“She was familiar with ...if needed.”可知，在这个特殊的地方她对这种鳄鱼很熟悉，况且她还有一个巨大的水下摄像机外壳，如果需要的话这个外壳可以充当强大的盾牌；据此可以推知，面对鳄鱼Jennifer感到轻松是因为她可以保护她自己。
3．What is the implied meaning of the underlined part in the last paragraph
A．Explore nature with curiosity.
B．Respect nature while exploring it.
C．Study nature while developing tourism.
D．Protect nature through biological research.
解析：B 句意理解题。根据第四段第三、四、五句“The crocodile is ...curious crocodile.”可知，鳄鱼是一种标志性动物，是可以支持顶级捕食性动物生存的健康生态系统的象征。维持生态旅游、探险和保护生态这三者之间的平衡至关重要。如果游客采用作者和妻子对待那只好奇的鳄鱼的相同理念，这种平衡是有可能达成的。再结合前文可知，作者和妻子对鳄鱼持尊重的态度，据此可推知，画线句应是说我们在旅游、探索自然时也要尊重自然。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．A Narrow Escape
B．A Risky Job
C．An Underwater Assignment
D．A Chance Meeting
解析：D 标题归纳题。文章讲述了作者和妻子重返伊丽莎白女王国家公园，想看看生态系统的变化，后来在拍照过程中偶遇了一只鳄鱼。通过和鳄鱼的短暂接触，作者觉得生态系统维持得很好，最后作者呼吁我们在探索自然的过程中也要尊重自然。所以D项最适合作本文的标题。
B
When I was a kid，if someone told me that I would grow up to become a published author and founder of a youth literacy(读写能力)foundation，I would have laughed and kept walking.Even now when I see the title of my latest picture book，My Very Favorite Book in the Whole Wide World，I shake my head，not quite believing that the book has my name on it.But the truth is，this story comes from my own personal experience.
It took me a very long time to find my personal reading voice.In Valdosta，where I grew up，my community promoted two pathways to a better life for little boys like me：being an athlete or being an entertainer.I was no different than the other kids，so I did what felt natural：play football and overlook school.School presented challenges every day and so did football practice，but overcoming physical adversity(逆境)was on trend with my neighborhood's culture.Reading books was not so much.
Fortunately，I went to college.That's where my reading struggles really reared their ugly head．Trips to the grocery store were stressful because there was so much reading involved in the simple act of buying food.I would misread labels and grab the wrong items.Once，I picked up applesauce thinking it was apple slices.I didn't notice my mistake until I got home and realized that it was my inability to understand the differences in the wording on the labels that caused the mistake.I realized that I needed to make an important decision.If I wanted to be a better version of me，I had to become a stronger reader.
I joined a book club and read every free moment I had.My journey with reading also created a desire in me to inspire others who struggled with reading.So I started a nonprofit，Share the Magic Foundation，trying to transform the lives of children living in underserved communities through literacy.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在一个鼓励男孩们成为运动员或演员的社区长大，以至于忽视了学业。作者上了大学意识到自己的问题后，想让自己变得更好，于是开始阅读。作者不仅成了出版作家而且还成立了非营利性基金会以帮助更多人去阅读。
5．What does the author think of his new book
A．It's beyond his expectations.
B．It's helpful for youth literacy.
C．It's full of humor and wisdom.
D．It's an exact record of his early life.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I shake my head，not quite believing that the book has my name on it”可知，作者看到自己的新书时，摇了摇头，不敢相信自己的名字被印在了书上。由此可推知，这件事情超出了作者的预期，故A项正确。
6．What was the root reason for the author's failure to find his reading voice
A．The influence of his community.
B．His dream to be an entertainer.
C．The challenges he met in study.
D．His preference for football.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“my community promoted two pathways to a better life for little boys like me：being an athlete or being an entertainer ...overcoming physical adversity(逆境)was on trend with my neighborhood's culture.Reading books was not so much”可知，作者所在的社区鼓励男孩们当运动员或做演员，对上学并不重视，这是作者阅读少的根源，故A项正确。
7．What does the underlined phrase“reared their ugly head”in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Changed. B．Concluded.
C．Surfaced. D．Disappeared.
解析：C 句意理解题。结合第三段中的“I would misread labels and grab the wrong items ...it was my inability to understand the differences in the wording on the labels that caused the mistake.”可知，作者早年忽视学业，以至于在上了大学之后，读写方面的问题显现了出来，故C项与画线短语的意义最为接近。surface“显露”。
8．Which of the following can best describe the author
A．Reflective and warm-hearted.
B．Persuasive and absent-minded.
C．Creative and stubborn.
D．Ambitious and cautious.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I realized that ...become a stronger reader.”可以看出，作者是一个善于反思的人；再根据最后一段中的“I started a nonprofit ...living in underserved communities through literacy”可知，作者是一个热心的人。故A项正确。
第四节 词句含义猜测题
猜测画线词/短语/句子的意思是高考阅读理解的必考题型，这类题目要求考生利用文章信息推出文章中某个生词、短语甚至句子的(隐藏)含义以及代词的指代对象，其目的是考查考生在阅读中理解生僻词块含义以及代词指代对象的高阶能力，这是考查考生语言运用能力以及思维品质的重要途径。掌握一定的猜词技巧对于英语阅读有着举足轻重的意义。虽然每年的高考阅读理解中该类题目数量不多，却是考生失分的重灾区之一。
细研真题
·解锁疑难
考法1 词义猜测题——巧用线索猜词义
[典例1] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·C)
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors，including reduced concentration，an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more，learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this finding.The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
28．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Seem unlikely to last.
B．Seem hard to explain.
C．Become ready to use.
D．Become easy to notice.
[分析] 根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more，learning is generally more successful when it‘s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及由后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意。
[答案] ____
D
[典例2] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·C)In this “book of books，”artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school，with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume，deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago，but they record moments we can all relate to．
30．What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Understand. B．Paint.
C．Seize. D．Transform.
[分析] “These scenes(这些场景)”指的是孩子们在家或学校学习阅读以及成年人沉浸在一卷书中，陷入沉思或沉浸在片刻的休闲中。并列连词 but表示转折，前一分句说这些场景可能在数百年前被绘制，距离现在已经十分久远，后一分句与前一分句构成转折关系，所以应表示我们现在仍然能够理解画中描绘的那些时刻。故画线词的意思为“理解”。
[答案] ____
A
[典例3] (2023·全国甲卷·B)Terri Bolton is a__dab__hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself)．Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture，she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
24．Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
A．An artist. B．A winner.
C．A specialist. D．A pioneer.
[分析] 根据第一段中的“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture，she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.”可知，泰瑞·博尔顿擅长搭架子和拼装家具，她自己能做的工作从不付钱给别人做。据此可知，她是自我动手方面的专家，故画线部分意为“专家”。
[答案] ____
C
[典例4] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·C)Wendy Wilson，extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street，one of the first to embark__on the project，said：“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
30．What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7
A．Improve. B．Oppose.
C．Begin. D．Evaluate.
[分析] 分析画线词所在句可知，Wendy Wilson后的两个短语都是Wendy Wilson的同位语，对Wendy Wilson进行进一步介绍，可以利用同位语的补充说明作用进行解题；再结合后文 Wendy Wilson的话“居民们非常乐意接纳这个项目和创意活动的想法，我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣”可推知，含画线部分的短句的意思是“首批着手做这个项目的人之一”，因此画线部分的意思为“开始”。
[答案] ____
C
[设题特点]
4种文体所涉及的各种话题的阅读理解均涉及考查猜测单词或短语的含义。除了直接的命题外，在阅读理解的文章中常有一些单词或短语为生僻词，但又没有附加注释，也需要猜测词义才能理解文章，这是词义猜测题的一种间接命题形式。
[设问方式]
①What does the word/phrase “________” in Paragraph 1 refer to/mean
②What does the underlined word/phrase “______” in Paragraph 2 probably mean/refer to
③Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word in Paragraph ...
[解题技巧]
巧用线索猜词义
1．利用“逻辑关系”猜词义
利用3种逻辑关系词前后的词语确定画线词含义。
2．利用“语法关系”猜词义
3．利用上下文语境猜词义
4．利用构词法猜词义
5．利用“背景常识”猜词义
描述日常生活中或熟悉的事物时，可利用日常生活和与文化背景有关的常识准确猜测句中生词的含义。
考法2 代词指代题——“就近原则”找指代
[典例1] (2024·浙江卷1月·B)
When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago，right The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was ...2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing，I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”.
24．What does the word “it”underlined in the first paragraph refer to
A．The play.
B. The shared house.
C．The sofa.
D. The telephone box.
[分析] 根据“I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.”可知，此处是指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，所以it代指“合租房”。
[答案] ____
B
[典例2] (2025·全国二卷)
...
There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class.She generally works with their regular
teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，”Ho says.“They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.”
...
26．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4
A．Offering regular lessons.
B．Paying extra attention.
C．Assigning no schoolwork.
D．Showing no sympathy.
[分析] 根据画线词所在句上文中的“Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments；they express sympathy instead.”可知，一些教师出于对患病学生的同情，不给他们布置任何作业；结合画线词所在句中的“it is a disservice to the kids”和下文“They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.”可推知，凯西·霍认为这种方式对孩子而言是一种伤害，孩子会认为老师不关心自己的功课，因此it指代上文提到的“不给患病的学生布置作业”这一举动。
[答案] ____
C
[设题特点]
代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的所指。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。
[设问方式]
①What does the underlined word “this/it/them/which ...” refer to
②The underlined part “it/that/they/which ...” in Paragraph ...refers to ________．
[解题技巧]
“就近原则”找指代
[课堂点评]
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考法3 句意理解题——“意义吻合”推句意
[典例] (2024·全国甲卷·B)
...
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit，but cats take this behavior up a notch．Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物)．Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you.These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time.So just go along with it!
26．Which best explains the phrase “take...up a notch” in paragraph 3
A．Perform appropriately.
B．Move faster.
C．Act strangely.
D．Do better.
[分析] 根据画线部分前的“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit，but cats”以及“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. ... Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you.”可知，猫通过带回物品给主人来表示爱意，这种行为比狗的取物行为更进一步，即做得更好。
[答案] ____
D
[设题特点]
句意理解题一般设在前后文逻辑性比较强的语境中，画线句子与前后文之间存在一定的逻辑关系，如递进、承接、转折、因果、阐释、总结等，根据这些逻辑关系即可推测画线句子的含义。
[设问方式]
①What does the underlined sentence in the second paragraph mean
②Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence in the last paragraph
[解题技巧]
“意义吻合”推句意
[课堂点评]
__________________________________________________________
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A
Does your life ever feel as if you're pushing a heavy car—one on which you've spent much money and that has now broken down？You've done everything right: you haven't invested heavily in a new business or quit your job to pursue your childhood dream of becoming a professional athlete.You have been a sensible adult living your sensible life.So why does it feel like such hard work
巧刷模拟
·巩固提高
This has been me for the past few months.Earlier this year，I took a long hard look at my sources of income and decided to focus on the ones that provided the most money.I'm lucky enough to have had a good financial year.But despite doing the right thing，it has used up my energy and I've worked out why.
Years ago，I realized that I disliked hard work.Don't get me wrong.I don't mind working hard，but hard work isn't for me.What's the difference？For a start，hard work feels as if it never really gets going.You can push hard work and it might move a little but there's no celebratory moment when it gets done.Most importantly，hard work lacks joy.Working hard on a project you feel excited and moved by can be tiring and difficult，but it's ultimately joyful and that is what I've been missing.
So I asked myself what would feel scary but joyful and this is the answer.I'm going to write a romance.Of course，being a middle-aged journalist who suddenly decides to write a book is nothing novel.However，for me，it hits the sweet spot between being joyful enough to make me want to do it and scary enough to make me feel it's worthwhile.
As with all good middle-aged changes，this one hasn't really been thought through.I know little about writing fiction and even less about what makes a good book.I have the thinnest ideas for a plot but，for the first time in a while，I'm excited，I will be another Jane Austen with my fantasies which give me life.So now，I have to go and sharpen my pencil.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者发现在一个让自己感到兴奋和感动的项目上努力工作可能会很累、很困难，但最终是快乐的，这是作者一直错过的工作和生活，后来，作者决定尝试写一本书，虽然这不是什么新鲜事，却让作者第一次感受到了兴奋。
1．What can best describe the author's current feeling about life
A．A new business makes her feel fresh.
B．She has got everything under her control.
C．She is conflicted about living a sensible life.
D．A childhood dream inspires her to make more efforts.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第一段的“You have been a sensible adult living your sensible life.So why does it feel like such hard work？”可知，作者对理智的生活感到矛盾，故C项正确。
2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Living a rather sensible life.
B．Identifying income sources.
C．Discovering new life goals.
D．Sorting out the author's jobs.
解析：A 代词指代题。根据第一段的“You have been a sensible adult ...such hard work？”以及第二段的“This has been me ...decided to focus on the ones that provided the most money ...despite doing the right thing”可知，第二段画线词it指的是过着理智的生活，故A项正确。
3．What's the author's understanding of hard work and working hard
A．Journalism is a career worth working hard.
B．Hard work is something either sweet or tiring.
C．Writing a romance is difficult but rewarding.
D．Working hard rarely brings about satisfaction.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“However，for me，it hits the sweet spot between being joyful enough to make me want to do it and scary enough to make me feel it's worthwhile.”可知，作者认为写浪漫小说很难，但是非常值得，故C项正确。
4．What is probably the best title for the text
A．Dare to Attempt
B．Middle-aged Job Crisis
C．The Celebratory Moment
D．A Future Jane Austen
解析：A 标题归纳题。作者感到生活不如意，在勇敢尝试写小说后，找到了人生的乐趣，与A项“Dare to Attempt”意义一致，故A项正确。
B
Some experts believe that cars will unavoidably be eliminated．They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all cars will be given up and allowed to rust(生锈)．Other authorities，however，think the car is here to stay.They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the predictable future.
The car will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years.It should become smaller，safer，and more economical，and should not be powered by the gasoline engine.The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.
Despite its power source，the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic jams.One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.When the auto enters the highway system，a retractable(伸缩自如的)arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail，which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically.
Once attached to the rail，the car will become electrically powered by the system，and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer.The computer will then monitor all of the car's movements.
The driver will use a telephone to enter instructions about his destination into the system.The computer will work out the best route，and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit on the highway.The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer(蜂鸣器)that will warn him of his coming exit.It is predicated that an automated highway will be able to deal with
10，000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1，500 to 2，000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了未来汽车的发展前景。
5．What does the underlined word “eliminated”in paragraph 1 mean
A．Tested out. B．Passed down.
C．Kept track of. D．Got rid of.
解析：D 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all cars will be given up and allowed to rust(生锈)．”可知，一些专家认为车将会被淘汰。此处eliminated意为“被淘汰”。
6．What is the author's main concern about future autos
A．The pollution.
B．Their operating system.
C．The jams.
D．Their seating space.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Despite its power source，the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic jams.”可知，未来的汽车仍会是城市交通堵塞最主要的问题。
7．What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system
A．A rail. B．An engine.
C．A retractable arm. D．A computer center.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“a retractable(伸缩自如的)arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail，which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically”可知，为汽车提供电能的是轨道，这种轨道与那些用电力驱动地铁的轨道相似。
8．What need the driver do in an automated highway system
A．Keep to the right route.
B．Just wait to arrive at his destination.
C．Inform the system of his destination.
D．Keep in constant touch with a computer.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The driver will use a telephone to enter instructions about his destination into the system.”可知，司机需要用手机将目的地输入系统中。
训练10 词句猜测题——词义猜测题
(限时：15分钟)
A
(2023·浙江卷1月)Live with roommates？Have friends and family around you？Chances are that if you're looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle，not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon．
课时规范
训练10-12
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago，as I was living with my parents，and I continue to experience this with my husband，as he is not completely zero waste like me.I've learned a few things along the way though，which I hope you'll find encouraging if you're doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back.I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson，sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars，and have so little trash！A few days later，I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries，and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere.It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued，I did what I could that was within my own reach.I had my own bedroom，so I worked on removing things I didn't need.Since I had my own toiletries(洗漱用品)，I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable.I also offered to cook every so often，so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries.Perhaps your household won't entirely make the switch，but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes，you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you're doing，which can turn itself into a whole household debate.If you have individuals who are not on board，your words probably won't do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice：Lead by action.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在最开始尝试“零浪费”生活方式时，家人并不理解她的做法，但她仍然坚持并建议读者用行动引领生活方式的转变。
1．What do the underlined words“jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph
A．Share an apartment with you.
B．Join you in what you're doing.
C．Transform your way of living.
D．Help you to make the decision.
解析：B 词义猜测题。根据画线部分前的“Live with roommates？”“Have friends and family around you？”及“looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle”提及的对生活方式的渴望，再根据下文描述的作者在生活方式的选择上与家人不同时的经历可推断，此处表示当你想选择更加可持续的生活方式时，不是身边的所有人都会加入其中，故B项与画线词组的意思最为接近。
2．What was the attitude of the author's father toward buying groceries with jars
A．He disapproved of it.
B．He was sympathetic to it.
C．He was tolerant of it.
D．He didn't care about it.
解析：A 观点、态度题。根据第三段中的“my dad commented on ...jars everywhere”可知，父亲对作者在“零浪费”生活方式上做的尝试并不赞同，故A项正确。
3．What can we infer about the author
A．She is quite good at cooking.
B．She respects others' privacy.
C．She enjoys being a housewife.
D．She is a determined person.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“how silly it was”“a bit discouraging”可知，作者在最开始尝试可持续生活方式时并不顺利，未获得家人支持。根据第二段中的“I experienced this ...zero waste like me”及下文内容可知，作者仍然坚持自己的“零浪费”生活方式。由此可知，虽然在生活方式上的转变未获得家人的支持，但她依然坚持，可见她是一个意志坚定的人，故D项正确。
4．What is the text mainly about
A．How to get on well with other family members.
B．How to have one's own personal space at home.
C．How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.
D．How to control the budget when buying groceries.
解析：C 主旨大意题。文章第一、二段讲述了在家庭生活中实行“零浪费”生活方式可能遭遇反对，第三、四段讲述了作者自身如何通过行动在家庭中改变生活方式，第五段讲述了当你改变生活方式时，你可能遭遇的情况，第六段讲述了作者给读者的建议，再根据第二段尾句中的“how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household”可知，文章主要内容与如何在家庭生活中实现“零浪费”生活方式有关，故C项正确。
B
In the early 1990s，my friend Jay was working for IBM and was paid a good salary.Later，Jay declined an offer from an interesting but small organization because of the low pay.He has regretted it ever since.That small company was Microsoft.
Regret is a reaction to a disappointing event in your life，such as a choice you made that can't be changed，or something you said that you can't take back.It is a heavy and negative emotion connected to pity，sorrow and helplessness and can last for minutes，days，years or even a lifetime.Regret can increase your stress and throw off the balance of immune(免疫的)systems.
Fortunately，regret can be overcome through interventions.As a psychologist at the University of Virginia School of Medicine，I conducted a study on stressful emotion.In the study，we found people would experience regret for action or inaction.The action-related regret，although painful，stimulates people to learn from their mistakes and move on.But the regret related to the inaction is more likely to lead to depression and anxiety.Avoiding or denying regret only can increase negative feelings and extend the time people suffer with them.Rather than stay stuck，people can manage these emotions in four steps：First，accept the fact that you are feeling them；determine why you are feeling them；allow yourself to learn from them；and finally，release them and move forward.
In Jay's case，at first he pushed away his feelings of regret.He continued to struggle with thoughts of what he missed.He did not change until he approached and explored his feelings of regret.Eventually he accepted the fact and reminded himself of his rationale at the time—he failed to recognize the potential of Microsoft.On making future decisions，Jay recognized the importance of obtaining information about opportunities and challenged himself to learn about the big players in the field.Doing so allowed him to move on and ultimately forgive himself.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“遗憾”的定义，并通过Jay的经历来说明应对“遗憾”的方法。
5．What does Paragraph 2 mainly focus on about regret
A．Its condition. B．Its definition.
C．Its variation. D．Its consequence.
解析：B 段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Regret is a ...in your life”“It is a heavy ...even a lifetime.”可知，遗憾是对生活中令人失望的事件的反应，它是一种沉重而消极的情绪，与怜悯、悲伤和无助有关，可以持续几分钟、几天、几年甚至一生。由此可知，第二段主要介绍什么是遗憾。
6．What does the finding of the study indicate
A．Regret can disappear itself.
B．Interventions increase pains.
C．Avoidance may relieve stress.
D．Acceptance helps manage regret.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Rather than stay ...move forward.”可知，与其停滞不前，人们可以用四个步骤来管理这些情绪：首先，接受你正在感受它们的事实；确定你为什么会有这些感觉；允许自己向它们学习；最后，发泄它们，继续前进。由此可推知，接受有助于管理遗憾。
7．What does the underlined word“rationale”in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Reason. B．Puzzle.
C．Concern. D．Emotion.
解析：A 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的破折号，以及其后的“he failed to recognize the potential of Microsoft”可知，他没有认识到微软的潜力。这一句是在解释Jay拒绝微软并且感到遗憾的原因。
8．Why is Jay's experience mentioned
A．To attract more attention to mental diseases.
B．To raise awareness of psychological health.
C．To demonstrate negative effects of regret.
D．To justify the approach to tackling regret.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，在Jay的例子中，起初他推开了自己的后悔感，最终他接受了事实，并提醒自己当时那样做的理由。在未来做决策时，Jay认识到获取机会信息的重要性，并强迫自己去了解该领域的重要竞争者。这样做可以让他继续前进，最终原谅自己。由此可推知，这一段主要是通过Jay的经历来证明应对“遗憾”的方法是正确的。
训练11 词句猜测题——代词指代题
(限时：15分钟)
A
“Why do you always apologize before you ask a question？I don't get it，”Dan asked.I looked at him blankly，not understanding what he meant but felt that there was more than a trace of annoyance in his tone.
I felt defensive.I thought for a moment.“There's no reason for it.You shouldn't do that，”he said.“Sorry if it annoys you，”I responded.I probably annoyed him again by apologizing again.
This happened over 35 years ago.I thought about it then，and I still reflect on it now.Asking questions in class or in conversation isn't that simple，at least not to me.
As I thought about it，many things came into play.First things were self-consciousness and insecurity.Maybe I had missed something the professor said.I knew some students，as a result of those doubts，didn't ask questions.I had enough confidence to ask，but not enough to not soften it.I realized，as Dan pointed out，that I likely did start with something like，“Sorry，maybe I missed this，but can you explain ...” I wondered whether there was anything so wrong with that.
I don't think it occurred to me at the time，but it did years later，and it also probably related to being female.I knew that as a woman there was a line of not coming across too aggressively.Besides，I became conscious of not implying judgement—I didn't want a professor to think I was questioning his expertise，or suggesting he was a bad teacher.It seemed like a reasonable strategy to start by acknowledging that I could be wrong or uninformed.
Before Dan's comment，I hadn't thought about it consciously，much less had considered that there could be a downside to doing it.But I was learning that there was.If Dan was an example，it could be unpleasant.I didn't want to go around apologizing for my existence.As I've gotten older，I think I've done it less.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者曾经因为在问问题之前经常会说“对不起”而被质疑，之后她开始反思并减少这种行为。
1．How did the author feel when hearing Dan's question at first
A．Sorry. B．Funny.
C．Puzzled. D．Annoyed.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I looked at him blankly，not understanding what he meant”可知，当作者听到Dan的问题时她首先是困惑的。故选C。
2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to
A．The reason for lacking confidence.
B．The author's habit of saying sorry.
C．The importance of asking a question.
D．The author's attitude towards females.
解析：B 代词指代题。根据第五段第一句“I don't think ...to being female.”可知，作者当时不认为这发生在她身上了，但几年后它的确发生了，它也可能与自己本身是女性有关。再根据下文的解释可知，it指代的应是作者在问问题前说抱歉的习惯。故选B。
3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Making comments is risky.
B．Dan broke up with the author.
C．The author no longer said sorry.
D．Saying sorry may annoy others.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者从Dan的语气中感受到的不仅仅是一点点生气。根据最后一段中的“But I was learning ...it could be unpleasant.”可知，作者知道了这样做是不利的。如果Dan是一个例子，它可能是不愉快的。由此可推知，问问题前总是说抱歉可能会让他人生气。故选D。
4．What is mainly talked about in the text
A．The art of asking a question.
B．The technique of apologizing.
C．The conflicts between classmates.
D．The reasons for asking a question.
解析：A 主旨大意题。浏览全文可知，本文讲述了别人对作者问问题时的习惯进行质疑，然后作者对自己问问题的方式进行了分析和反思，由此可知，A选项“问问题的艺术”可以概括文章主旨。故选A。
B
A team led by researchers from the UK examined waterbird data from 1，506 protected areas and analyzed more than 27，000 bird populations across the world.They compared waterbird populations before and after the establishment of protected areas and also compared trends of similar populations within and outside of protected areas.
“Our study shows that，while many protected areas are working well，many others are failing to have a positive effect，”lead author Hannah Wauchope says in a statement.“In the majority of places we investigated，bird populations were stable or were increasing，but some of them weren't doing any better than unprotected areas，” she adds.“That's disappointing，but not surprising.There seems to be a disconnection between people talking about how much land is protected and whether those areas are actually doing anything positive.”
This study comes ahead of a United Nations meeting in China to discuss biodiversity goals for the next decade.Several countries have already committed to protecting 30 percent of the planet by 2030，yet the researchers say this alone does not necessarily guarantee positive outcomes for species.
“An obsession (迷恋) with reaching a certain area-based target—such as 30 percent by 2030—without focusing on managing existing protected areas appropriately will achieve little，”co-author Julia Jones says.“When world leaders gather in China later this year to set targets for the next decade，I really hope to see a change of their focus，rather than seeing them simply say how much surface area they are going to protect.”
According to Thomas Brooks，the chief scientist at the International Union for Conservation of Nature，who was not involved in the study，waterbirds are a good example of a group facing the consequences of human behaviors that cause biodiversity loss.These animals respond quickly to changes in site quality and are broadly distributed，clearly reflecting the impact of protected areas.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。来自英国的研究人员发现，很多水鸟保护区的运作虽然良好，但还有一些保护区并没有产生积极的影响。本文主要介绍了此项研究，同时研究人员也提出了未来的期望。
5．What can be learned about protected areas from the study
A．They have a negative effect on wildlife.
B．Their bird populations are increasing.
C．Their problems weren't noticed at all.
D．They don't always help waterbirds.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Our study shows that...many others are failing to have a positive effect”可知，研究发现保护区并不总能帮到水鸟。故选D。
6．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Expanding protected areas.
B．Organizing the meeting.
C．Talking about biodiversity.
D．Making a big promise.
解析：A 代词指代题。结合语境可知，“this”指的应该是前面涉及的某个举动。结合前面“Several countries have already committed to protecting 30 percent of the planet by 2030”可知，几个国家已经承诺在2030年之前保护地球30%的区域。所以推测此处是说然而研究者说仅扩大保护区不一定能保证给物种带来积极效果。故选A。
7．What does Julia Jones call on world leaders to do
A．Try to set targets for the next ten years.
B．Focus on the effectiveness of protected areas.
C．Face the consequences of human behaviors.
D．Have a deep understanding of biodiversity.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“An obsession (迷恋) ...without focusing on managing existing protected areas appropriately will achieve little”可知，关注点在扩大保护区而不在恰当地管理现有保护区，将会收效甚微。再结合“I really hope to see a change of their focus”和研究发现可知，Julia Jones呼吁世界领导人关注对现有保护区的管理，确保它们能发挥应有的作用，而不只是扩大保护区。故选B。
8．What might Thomas Brooks think of the study
A．Pioneering. B．Disappointing.
C．Convincing. D．Unsatisfying.
解析：C 观点、态度题。根据最后一段中的“waterbirds are a good example...of protected areas”可知，Thomas Brooks认为水鸟对所在地质量的变化作出快速反应，并广泛分布，能清晰反映保护区的影响，故他会认为该研究是令人信服的。故选C。
训练12 词句猜测题——句意理解题
(限时：15分钟)
A
Queen Elizabeth National Park is a place of outstanding beauty and extreme biodiversity.On a previous underwater assignment with my wife and photographic partner，Jennifer Hayes，we'd documented healthy coral reefs surrounded with fish，sharks，and crocodiles.We knew that time，increased tourism and climate change could make the park different—so 15 years later，we returned to see how it was going.
We were photographing some jellyfish.Jennifer，her back to me，was focused on something above her.Out of the corner of my viewfinder，I saw a sizable crocodile coming.As I began to take its photograph，I realized that the crocodile was going to swim directly between Jennifer and me.I started to make loud noises through my regulator and moved towards Jennifer，firing a burst of flash-lit shots to warn her that we had company.She quickly detected my signal and turned to meet our visitor.
She gave me a quick thumbs-up，nodded OK，and said“Hello，handsome”as she bent closer to take its photos.I admired her for treating the crocodile with respect，calm curiosity，and absolute joy.She didn't feel threatened.She was familiar with this kind of crocodile in this particular place—and she had a big underwater camera housing that could double as a mighty shield(盾牌)if needed.After a few pictures the crocodile，unimpressed with us，swam downstream on its way to do other crocodile things.We continued our search for jellyfish.
There is always risk in our line of work.But this encounter highlighted the good news that we saw all around us here.The crocodile is an indicator animal，a symbol of a healthy ecosystem that can support top predators(捕食性动物)．The easing of travel restrictions is bound to bring more tourists—so it's vital to maintain a balance among ecotourism，exploration，and conservation.That's possible if visitors adopt the same philosophy that we hold toward that curious crocodile.We enter Earth's oceans on their terms，not our own.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者和妻子返回伊丽莎白女王国家公园去看生态系统的变化，偶遇了一只鳄鱼。通过和鳄鱼的短暂接触，他们发现公园的生态系统维持得很好，最后作者呼吁我们在探索自然的过程中也要尊重自然。
1．What was the author's purpose in returning to Queen Elizabeth National Park
A．To enjoy its beauty.
B．To assess a document.
C．To check its ecosystem.
D．To photograph jellyfish.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We knew that time ...see how it was going.”可知，作者和妻子回来是想看看伊丽莎白女王国家公园的变化，结合文章内容尤其是最后一段中的“a healthy ecosystem”可推测出他们主要是想看看公园的生态系统。
2．Why did Jennifer feel at ease with the crocodile
A．She met it before.
B．She trusted her husband.
C．She could protect herself.
D．She longed for its company.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第三段第四句“She was familiar with ...if needed.”可知，在这个特殊的地方她对这种鳄鱼很熟悉，况且她还有一个巨大的水下摄像机外壳，如果需要的话这个外壳可以充当强大的盾牌；据此可以推知，面对鳄鱼Jennifer感到轻松是因为她可以保护她自己。
3．What is the implied meaning of the underlined part in the last paragraph
A．Explore nature with curiosity.
B．Respect nature while exploring it.
C．Study nature while developing tourism.
D．Protect nature through biological research.
解析：B 句意理解题。根据第四段第三、四、五句“The crocodile is ...curious crocodile.”可知，鳄鱼是一种标志性动物，是可以支持顶级捕食性动物生存的健康生态系统的象征。维持生态旅游、探险和保护生态这三者之间的平衡至关重要。如果游客采用作者和妻子对待那只好奇的鳄鱼的相同理念，这种平衡是有可能达成的。再结合前文可知，作者和妻子对鳄鱼持尊重的态度，据此可推知，画线句应是说我们在旅游、探索自然时也要尊重自然。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．A Narrow Escape
B．A Risky Job
C．An Underwater Assignment
D．A Chance Meeting
解析：D 标题归纳题。文章讲述了作者和妻子重返伊丽莎白女王国家公园，想看看生态系统的变化，后来在拍照过程中偶遇了一只鳄鱼。通过和鳄鱼的短暂接触，作者觉得生态系统维持得很好，最后作者呼吁我们在探索自然的过程中也要尊重自然。所以D项最适合作本文的标题。
B
When I was a kid，if someone told me that I would grow up to become a published author and founder of a youth literacy(读写能力)foundation，I would have laughed and kept walking.Even now when I see the title of my latest picture book，My Very Favorite Book in the Whole Wide World，I shake my head，not quite believing that the book has my name on it.But the truth is，this story comes from my own personal experience.
It took me a very long time to find my personal reading voice.In Valdosta，where I grew up，my community promoted two pathways to a better life for little boys like me：being an athlete or being an entertainer.I was no different than the other kids，so I did what felt natural：play football and overlook school.School presented challenges every day and so did football practice，but overcoming physical adversity(逆境)was on trend with my neighborhood's culture.Reading books was not so much.
Fortunately，I went to college.That's where my reading struggles really reared their ugly head．Trips to the grocery store were stressful because there was so much reading involved in the simple act of buying food.I would misread labels and grab the wrong items.Once，I picked up applesauce thinking it was apple slices.I didn't notice my mistake until I got home and realized that it was my inability to understand the differences in the wording on the labels that caused the mistake.I realized that I needed to make an important decision.If I wanted to be a better version of me，I had to become a stronger reader.
I joined a book club and read every free moment I had.My journey with reading also created a desire in me to inspire others who struggled with reading.So I started a nonprofit，Share the Magic Foundation，trying to transform the lives of children living in underserved communities through literacy.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在一个鼓励男孩们成为运动员或演员的社区长大，以至于忽视了学业。作者上了大学意识到自己的问题后，想让自己变得更好，于是开始阅读。作者不仅成了出版作家而且还成立了非营利性基金会以帮助更多人去阅读。
5．What does the author think of his new book
A．It's beyond his expectations.
B．It's helpful for youth literacy.
C．It's full of humor and wisdom.
D．It's an exact record of his early life.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I shake my head，not quite believing that the book has my name on it”可知，作者看到自己的新书时，摇了摇头，不敢相信自己的名字被印在了书上。由此可推知，这件事情超出了作者的预期，故A项正确。
6．What was the root reason for the author's failure to find his reading voice
A．The influence of his community.
B．His dream to be an entertainer.
C．The challenges he met in study.
D．His preference for football.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“my community promoted two pathways to a better life for little boys like me：being an athlete or being an entertainer ...overcoming physical adversity(逆境)was on trend with my neighborhood's culture.Reading books was not so much”可知，作者所在的社区鼓励男孩们当运动员或做演员，对上学并不重视，这是作者阅读少的根源，故A项正确。
7．What does the underlined phrase“reared their ugly head”in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Changed. B．Concluded.
C．Surfaced. D．Disappeared.
解析：C 句意理解题。结合第三段中的“I would misread labels and grab the wrong items ...it was my inability to understand the differences in the wording on the labels that caused the mistake.”可知，作者早年忽视学业，以至于在上了大学之后，读写方面的问题显现了出来，故C项与画线短语的意义最为接近。surface“显露”。
8．Which of the following can best describe the author
A．Reflective and warm-hearted.
B．Persuasive and absent-minded.
C．Creative and stubborn.
D．Ambitious and cautious.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I realized that ...become a stronger reader.”可以看出，作者是一个善于反思的人；再根据最后一段中的“I started a nonprofit ...living in underserved communities through literacy”可知，作者是一个热心的人。故A项正确。