高考英语二轮复习专题强化语言运用语法填空第二节无提示词类课件

(共152张PPT)
第二节　无提示词类
细研真题
·解锁疑难
角度1　考查冠词——基本用法是解题关键
[典例1]　(2024·浙江卷1月)Then，when you use one section，________ other stays fresh.
解析：the　考查冠词。the other意为“另一个”，为固定搭配。
[典例2]　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) The meat should be fresh with ________ touch of sweetness，and the surrounding soup hot，clear and delicious.
解析：a　考查冠词。a touch of“少许，微量”，是固定搭配。句意：肉应该新鲜，带着一丝甜味；汤汁要热、清澈并且美味。注意：and后面的并列分句承前省略了should be。
[典例3]　(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) Not the pandas，even though ________ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
解析：the　考查冠词。空后为可数名词单数language，因此，空处考虑使用冠词起限定作用，根据language后的“used for the medical training instructions”可知，此处表特指，所以空处应该填定冠词the。
[典例4]　(2022·全国甲卷) ________ friend of his，Wu Fan，volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
解析：A　考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填A。
[典例5]　(2022·全国乙卷) May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day，which was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th，2019.To celebrate ________ festival，a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
解析：the　考查冠词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词。故填the。
[典例6]　(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) ________ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
解析：The　考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多外的一栋公寓楼里。“定冠词＋姓氏＋family”表示一家人。设空处位于句首，首字母应大写，故填The。
[典例7]　(新高考Ⅰ卷) While you're in China，Mount Huangshan is ________ must to visit!
解析：a　考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是辅音音素开头的词，故填a。
[典例8]　(2021·全国甲卷) It took us about 3 hours to go all ________ way around the Xi'an City Wall.
解析：the　考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。此处表“一直；完全地”，是短语all the way，故填the。
[技法点拨]
1．两个口诀巧判用a/an还是the
(1)用定冠词的情况：特指双方熟悉，上文已提及，世上独一无二，专有名词前、西洋乐器前、序数词与最高级前。
(2)用不定冠词的情况：泛指一类人与物，与one同义表“一”；和序数词一起表“又一，再一”，单词首字母读元音，冠词就要用an，其他一律用a。
2．五种可能填冠词的情况
(1)填不定冠词的情况：
①________＋单数可数名词
②________＋形容词＋单数可数名词
(2)填定冠词的情况：
①________ (＋定语)＋名词＋of等介词短语(表特指)
②________ (＋定语)＋名词＋定语从句(表特指)
③________ (＋定语)＋名词＋不定式/分词短语(表特指)
3．根据固定搭配或用法确定冠词
(1)动词(catch/take/hit等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位。
(2)at a loss “不知所措”；a waste of ...“浪费……”；have a look/take a walk “看一看/去散步”等固定搭配。
(3)a＋比较级(＋名词)，表“一个更……的人或物”。
(4)抽象名词具体化的名词(可概括为：惊、乐、憾、傲、慰、险、助、成、败、美)surprise，pleasure，pity，pride，comfort，danger，help，success，failure，beauty，表具体的意义“一个……”时，其前应加不定冠词a或an。
角度2　考查介词(短语)——根据固定搭配
[典例1]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands ________ a great achievement in contemporary design，to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path...
解析：as　考查介词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。
[典例2]　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) There，you'll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed ________ hand rather than rolled.
解析：by　考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的做法不同——皮厚汤少——是手工压制的而不是擀的。by hand 固定短语，意为“用手工”。故填by。
[典例3]　(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) And who do they speak English ________？
解析：to/with　考查介词。句意：他们和谁讲英语？与speak搭配的应该是介词to或with。故填to/with。
[典例4]　(2023·全国乙卷) From Buddhist temples to museums，narrow hutong ________ royal palaces，it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout，with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
解析：to　考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3，000多年的辉煌历史。甚至单从它的布局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。短语from...to ...意为：“从……到……”故填 to。
[典例5]　(2023·全国甲卷) She warns of the environmental dangers facing society，and she teaches that people must take responsibility________ saving their environment.
解析：for　考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起拯救环境的责任。take responsibility for“对……负责”，是固定短语。
[典例6]　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) Giant pandas also serve ________ an umbrella species(物种)，bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
解析：as　考查固定搭配。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。serve as为固定短语，意为：“充当/担任……”故填as。
[典例7]　(新高考Ⅰ卷) Museums must compete ________ people's spare time and money with other amusements.Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
解析：for　考查介词。句意：博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。大多数博物馆也欢迎学校团体，并为儿童安排特别活动。根据语境可知，此处是动词短语：compete for “为……竞争”。故填for。
[典例8]　(2025·全国二卷)Nothing in my life before prepared me ________this one—and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area.
解析：for　考查介词。prepare sb for sth是固定短语，意为“使某人为某事/物做好准备”。故填for。
[技法点拨]
1．锁定三种模式，确定填介词
(1)锁定“________＋名词/动名词/what从句”模式，且名词或动名词不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语，此时要考虑填介词。
(2)锁定“谓语动词＋________”模式，大多数情况下需要填介词。
(3)锁定介词固定搭配模式。
2．记牢一词多义的情况
(1)for：①(表示去向)往；向，如leave for “动身去某地”；②为得到，为获取；③表一段时间，如for two years “两年”；④因为，由于；⑤就……而言。
(2)in：①in＋一段时间，用于将来时；②in＋表示“方式/语言/材料”的名词，表“以……方式/用……语言/材料”；③表方向，朝，向，如in the direction。
(3)by＋交通工具/通信工具，也可表方式，如by car/train/air/sea/letter/email/phone/hand。
(4)with：①带有，具有；②用，以；③和……在一起；④因为，由于；⑤和其他动词连用。
(5)beyond：①在……另一边；②在……更远处；③超出；非……所能及。
(6)as用作介词，意为“作为”，常用于一些动词之后；work as “从事……工作”；serve as “可用作……”；act as “担任；充当……”。
3．依据句式和搭配填介词
(1)与动词搭配，如mistake ...for ...“把……误认为……”；devote ...to ...“致力于……”。
(2)与名词或代词搭配，如(a) lack of “缺乏……”；on one's own/by oneself “靠自己”。
(3)与形容词搭配，如：be absent from “缺席”；be busy with “忙于”。
角度3　考查连接词
考向1　并列连词
[典例1]　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)．..，Edmondson said，“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ________ see how Tang's play was being performed.”
解析：and　考查连词。句意：……Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang's play was being performed”为并列结构，用and连接。故填and。
[典例2]　(2024·浙江卷1月)Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home ________ you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh.
解析：or　考查并列连词。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”为固定句式，所以此处应用连词or。
[典例3]　(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) It's been an honor to watch the panda programme develop ________ to see the pandas settle into their new home.
解析：and　考查并列连词。句意：看到这个大熊猫项目发展以及看到大熊猫们在新家安顿下来是一种荣耀。设空处后面的to see 与设空处前面的to watch并列。故填and。
[典例4]　(2023·全国乙卷) It is a distinct visual contrast(反差)that shouldn't work，________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.
解析：but/yet　考查并列连词。句意：这是一种鲜明的视觉对比，本来是行不通的，但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。设空处前后为转折关系。故填 but 或 yet。
[典例5]　(2022·全国乙卷) The“First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ________ cultural exchanges.
解析：and　考查连词。分析句子成分并结合句意可知，此处how引导主语从句，adapt和learn在从句中是并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
[技法点拨]
[课堂点评]
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考向2　定语从句
[典例1]　(2024·浙江卷1月)Of course，shops are not charities—they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money.
解析：that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句。从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way。所以应用关系代词that或which。
[典例3]　(2023·全国乙卷) But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place________welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life ...
解析：that/which　考查定语从句。句意：除了它的全部古建筑，北京也是一个乐意接纳现代生活快节奏发展的地方……设空处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为表示事物的名词 place。故填 that 或 which。
[典例4]　(2023·全国甲卷) Yet，the form of the fable still has values today，________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
解析：as　考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如蕾切尔·卡森在《明天的寓言》中所说的那样，这种寓言形式今天仍然有价值。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语，且先行词是前面的整个主句，此处表示“正如”。故填as。
[典例5]　(2025·全国二卷)But it's amazing how you can adapt ________ learn in a new environment.
解析：where　考查定语从句。句意：在美国的中心地带曾经有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都享受着与周围环境的和平共处……。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
[技法点拨]
分析句子成分是关键
[课堂点评]
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考向3　名词性从句
[典例1]　(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists.This is ________ they need an English trainer.
解析：why　考查名词性从句。句意：他们还需要随时准备好接受国际记者的英文采访。这就是他们需要一个英语老师的原因。此处考查固定句型“This is why...”，所以空处需要填why。
[典例2]　(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) ________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
解析：What　考查名词性从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这极美的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺少主语，指“……的事情”，故用What引导主语从句。
[典例3]　(2022·浙江卷1月) Cobb，for her part，started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ________ she could do so remotely...
解析：whether/if　考查名词性从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她演讲的会议组织者是否可以远程演讲……。分析句子结构可知，she could do so remotely为宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if “是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。
[典例4]　(天津卷3月) What puzzles Lily's friend is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas.
解析：why　考查名词性从句。句意：“为什么她总是有如此多疯狂的想法”，根据puzzles可知，此处表疑问，表“为什么”，应用why引导表语从句。
[典例5]　(浙江卷7月) Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ________ could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
解析：what　考查名词性从句。分析句子成分可知，“________ could be hunted or gathered from the wild”作介词on的宾语，从句部分缺少主语，又根据句意，此处指“什么”，故用what引导宾语从句。
[典例6]　(天津卷7月) The student completed this experiment to make come true ________ Professor Joseph had said.
解析：what　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，“________ Professor Joseph had said”作make的宾语，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表“……所说的话”，应用what引导宾语从句。
[典例7]　(江苏卷) It is not a problem ________ we can win the battle；it's just a matter of time.
解析：whether　考查名词性从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。根据下文“it's just a matter of time”可知，此处指“我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。
[技法点拨]
1．两步法确定连接词
2．关注5个句式
(1)That is because ...这是因为……
(2)That is why ...这是为什么……
(3)The reason is that ...原因是……
(4)There is no doubt that ...毫无疑问……
(5)it句型
①It be＋形容词＋主语从句
②It be＋过去分词＋that从句
③It be＋名词词组(a pity，a surprise，good news)＋that从句
④It＋不及物动词(appear，seem，happen)＋主语从句
[课堂点评]
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考向4　状语从句
[典例1]　(全国乙卷) It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ________ the late 1980s.
解析：until　考查状语从句。此处表“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表“直到……才……”用固定句型“not ...until ...”。故填until。
[典例2]　(全国Ⅲ卷) ________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist，they smiled and pointed down the river.
解析：When/As　考查状语从句。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表“当……时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
[典例3]　(全国Ⅲ卷) On our way to the house，it was raining ________ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.
解析：so　考查状语从句。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得那么大以至于我们不禁想还要多久才能到达那里。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此句含“so...that...”引导的结果状语从句，故填so。so ...that ...意为：“如此……以至于……”
[典例4]　(江苏卷)They decide to have more workers for the project ________ that it won't be delayed.
解析：so　考查状语从句。句意：他们决定为这项工程增加工人，以免耽搁。空后it won't be delayed是前面采取措施的目的，应用so that引导目的状语从句，且空后已有that。故填so。
[典例5]　—Why do people like pop music？I hate it so much.
—Even ________ it is not your style，that doesn't mean it is bad.
解析：though/if　考查状语从句。前半句说：它不是你的风格；后半句说：这并不意味着流行音乐不好。很明显，前后两句之间是转折关系，空处引导让步状语从句。设空前已有Even，故此处是even though/if引导的让步状语从句。故填though/if。
[典例6]　(天津卷5月) ________ he could give her sympathy，any practical help was almost beyond him.
解析：Although/Though/While　考查状语从句。句意：虽然他能给她同情，但是他几乎无法提供任何实际的帮助。前后文是转折关系，故用Although/Though/While引导让步状语从句。
[典例7]　(浙江卷1月) I was running so fast ________ I bounced off the trunk and landed on my backside.
解析：that　考查状语从句。so ...that ...意为：“如此……以至于……”引导结果状语从句。
[技法点拨]
(1)句意判断法
设空前后两个句子之间含有一定的逻辑关系时，利用句意分析确定恰当连词。
①if/unless/once 表 “条件”
②because/as/since 表“原因”
③though/although/while 表 “尽管”，引导让步状语从句
④where 表 “地点”
(2)时间先后法
①动作同时发生： when，whenever，while，as等。
②动作接连发生： as soon as，the minute，immediately，once等。
③先后发生： before，after等。
④动作的延续： since。
⑤动作的终止或开始： till/until。
(3)句型判断法，根据记忆对号入座
①so/such ...that ...如此……以至于……
②whether ...or not ...无论……还是……
③it is some time＋since ...自从……多长时间
④not ...until ...直到……才……
⑤It will/won't be＋一段时间＋before ...
过了多长时间才/没过多长时间就……
[课堂点评]
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A
The Grand Canal is the oldest and longest man-made waterway in the world with a history of more than 2，500 years，1.________ construction started in the Spring and Autumn Period.The 1，794-kilometer waterway is about 22 times 2.________ length of the Panama Canal.It is a golden waterway second only to the Yangtze River in China.The Grand Canal runs from Beijing to Zhejiang Province 3.________ (pass)through four provinces and two municipalities and connects five main river systems.
巧刷模拟
·巩固提高
The canal 4.________ (function)as the backbone of the ancient empire's inland communications and trading systems.Grain，salt，5.________ (log)and silk were transported along the canal to all directions.Scores of towns along the banks developed，contributing 6.________ (huge)to ancient China's economy.The canal enormously promoted economic interaction and cultural exchange between the north 7.________ the south，which ensured the country's 8.________(stable)．
In 2014，it was listed as a UNESCO world heritage site.In 2019 China issued a plan 9.________(construct)national cultural parks for the Grand Canal.Since then，building the Grand Canal national cultural parks 10.________(recognize)as a key task in the 14th Five-Year Plan.In future，cities along the Grand Canal will form a new cultural belt，green belt and tourism belt.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了京杭大运河的历史地位和作用以及其未来规划。
1．解析：whose　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作定语，故用whose引导。句意：京杭大运河是世界上最古老、最长的人工航道，有2，500多年的历史，它的建设始于春秋时期。
2．解析：the　考查冠词。倍数＋the length＋ of是固定用法，意为“是……几倍的长度”。句意：该运河全长1794公里，是巴拿马运河长度的约22倍。
3．解析：passing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词短语作状语，The Grand Canal和pass之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填passing。
4．解析：functioned　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语。结合语境可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。function与主语之间是主动关系，故填functioned。
5．解析：logs　考查名词的单复数。由空后的and可知，空处在句中作并列主语，应用名词形式，log在此意为“原木”，是可数名词，其前没有限定词修饰，应用复数形式表示类别。
6．解析：hugely　考查副词。空处修饰动词contributing，应用副词形式。
7．解析：and　考查连词。between...and...为固定搭配，意为“在……之间”。句意：运河极大地促进了南北之间的经济互动和文化交流，这确保了国家的稳定。
8．解析：stability　考查词性转换。根据空前的country's可知，空处应填名词作宾语。stability“稳定，稳固”，是不可数名词。
9．解析：to construct　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，issued为谓语动词，空处作非谓语，名词plan后面应用动词不定式作后置定语，故填to construct。
10．解析：has been recognized　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语。根据时间状语“Since then”可知，应用现在完成时；主语building the Grand Canal national cultural parks和recognize之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语为动名词短语。故填has been recognized。
B
Oracle bones (甲骨) were believed to be first unearthed in Anyang，once called Yin，the capital of the Shang Dynasty.Villagers then had little idea of what they had found and sold the bones to drugstores as 11.________(tradition)Chinese medicines.The “medicines” gained the notice of historians.The discovery 12.________ (follow)by a series of archaeological excavations (挖掘)．
Over the past 120-plus years，major systematic excavations have been carried 13.________.A relic site museum has been built at the Yinxu，14.________(recognize)as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Discovering the oracle bones and inscriptions helped explore the culture of the Xia and Shang Dynasties，15.________ trace the origins of the Chinese civilization.The content of the inscriptions emphasizes the respect for ancestors and other core Chinese values 16.________have been passed on until today.It 17.________(appeal)to not only scholars but also those outside the circles of archaeology.Chen Nan，a professor at Tsinghua University's Academy of Arts and Design，has energized the life of these ancient symbols by 18.________ (feature)them in the biaoqingbao(emoticons)he developed.
“They represent vital 19.________ (clue)to our cultural lineage(世系)，”Chen said.“I feel 20.________our responsibility to communicate about the charm of the primitive inscriptions with the younger generations and foreigners.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了甲骨文的发掘、人们对它的认知及其承载的重大文化意义。
11．解析：traditional　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的名词“Chinese medicines”，应用形容词，所以空处填traditional。
12．解析：was followed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，follow 在本句中作谓语。结合本段的语境可知，时态用一般过去时；主语The discovery与谓语 follow 之间是被动关系；主语The discovery为第三人称单数。所以空处填 was followed。
13．解析：out　考查介词。此处考查固定表达 carry out，意为“实行；开展；实施”。
14．解析：recognized　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是has been built，空处在句中作非谓语，与逻辑主语the Yinxu之间是动宾关系，所以空处填recognized。
15．解析：and　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处连接空前空后的动词explore和trace，二者同作helped的宾语，所以空处填and。句意：发现甲骨文和铭文有助于探索夏商文化，追踪中华文明起源。
16．解析：that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰表示物的先行词other core Chinese values，关系词在从句中作主语，所以空处填that/which。
17．解析：appeals/has appealed　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。根据语境可知，此处说明了一种客观事实，时态用一般现在时；结合上一句的时态，本句也可以用现在完成时；主语It(The content of the inscriptions)与appeal 之间是主动关系，且It是第三人称单数。所以空处填appeals/has appealed。appeal to sb.“吸引某人”。
18．解析：featuring　考查非谓语动词。空处位于介词by后，故应用动名词形式作宾语，所以空处填featuring。
19．解析：clues　考查名词复数。clue“线索”，是可数名词。根据主语they和句意可知，线索不止一条，且其前无限定词，故此处应用名词复数，所以空处填clues。
20．解析：it　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语“to communicate ...foreigners”，所以空处填it。
训练21　语法填空（一）
(限时：40分钟)
A
The Chinese eat many foods that are not familiar 1.________ North Americans.Shark fins, seaweed, and even frogs and snakes are eaten.However, the Chinese follow the spiritual philosophy of balance between “yin” and “yang”， which encourages the Chinese to find a balance in 2.________ lives, including in the foods they eat.While 3.________ (prepare) meals, the Chinese may strive to balance the color, shape, or types of food they choose to eat.
课时规范
训练21-24
Cantonese cooking is one of the four main regional types of Chinese cooking.It was because of this type of Chinese cooking 4.________ Chinese cuisine was gradually known in the United States.5.________ (type) Cantonese dishes are egg rolls and sweet pork.The cuisine in northern China 6.________ (characterize) by dishes made with wheat flour, such as noodles, dumplings, and pancakes.The 7.________ (well-known) dish of this region is Peking duck, a dish made up of roast duck 8.________ (accompany) by cucumbers, green onion and thin pancakes.Shanghai cooking, from China's east coast, 9.________ (emphasize) seafood and strong-flavored sauces in the last few decades.The cuisine of the Szechuan province in inland China is famous for its hot and spicy dishes made with hot peppers, garlic, and onions.This type of cooking has been gaining 10.________ (popular) in the United States since the 1990s.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。中国人遵循“阴阳平衡”的精神哲学，这鼓励中国人在他们的饮食中找到平衡。文章介绍了粤菜、上海菜、四川菜的特点。
1．解析：to　考查介词。be familiar to“为……所熟悉”，是固定短语。故填to。
2．解析：their　考查代词。根据句子结构可知，此处用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，且前面主语是the Chinese，对应的物主代词是their。故填their。
3．解析：preparing　考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，prepare的主语和主句的主语为同一主语，应用现在分词preparing作状语，省略了主语和be动词。故填preparing。
4．解析：that　考查强调句。It was that ...是强调句，此句强调原因，用that。故填that。
5．解析：Typical　考查形容词。此处用形容词修饰名词“Cantonese dishes”，typical意为“典型的”，句首字母大写。故填Typical。
6．解析：is characterized　考查语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，句中缺少谓语，“The cuisine”和characterize是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语是“The cuisine”，be动词是is。故填is characterized。
7．解析：best-known/most well-known　考查形容词。根据“of this region”表示范围可知应用形容词的最高级。best-known/most well-known意为“最著名的”，作定语，修饰名词dish。故填best-known/most well-known。
8．解析：accompanied　考查非谓语动词。accompany“伴随，陪伴”，其过去分词是accompanied。“accompanied by cucumbers, green onion and thin pancakes”为过去分词结构作后置定语。故填accompanied。
9．解析：has emphasized/has been emphasizing　考查时态。根据时间状语“in the last few decades”可知，此句是现在完成时或现在完成进行时，且主语“Shanghai cooking”是单数名词，助动词用has；emphasize“强调”，其现在分词是emphasizing，过去分词是emphasized。故填has emphasized/has been emphasizing。
10．解析：popularity　考查名词。根据句子结构可知，此处是名词作宾语。popular“受欢迎的，流行的”，其名词是popularity。故填popularity。
B
A UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site today，the ancient town of Pingyao in Shanxi Province formed China's economic backbone during the Qing Dynasty.The town was home 11.________ the country's first piaohao(money exchange house)that financed the empire during a period when all bookkeeping was on paper，and the only way 12.________(deal)with numbers involved the abacus(算盘)．
In the 19th century，merchants from Shanxi were making their 13.________(present) felt in many other nations.They had to rely on security guards for transferring their wealth—gold and silver.The method was hardly safe and thus 14.________(lead) to the emergence of piaohao.
The Rishengchang Bank，which 15.________(literal)means“sunrise prosperity”，was established in 1823 and it became the prototype(原型)of China's early financial system.At its peak，the Rishengchang Bank had more than 35 branches across the country，with business 16.________(reach)as far as Europe and the US.17.________more than a century later，in 1932，the exchange house halted(完全停止)its operations，the antiques displayed in the museum today continue to fascinate people.
In 2006，the Rishengchang museum was named 18.________“major national cultural relic”under protection by the State Council.Since then，it 19.________(make)its way across the country and abroad.The museum now preserves original account books，letters，bills of exchange and seals，20.________ existence reflects the spirit and wisdom of the Shanxi merchants.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。山西平遥古城已经被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗址，其中的日升昌银行曾经是中国第一家票号，是中国早期金融体系的原型。本文重点介绍了日升昌银行的历史。
11．解析：to　考查介词。此处考查固定搭配be home to，意为“是……的所在地”。
12．解析：to deal　考查非谓语动词。the only way to do“做……的唯一方式”，是固定用法。
13．解析：presence　考查名词。物主代词后接名词。根据their可知，空处用名词形式。
14．解析：led　考查动词的时态。根据该段首句的时间状语“In the 19th century”可知，该处陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。故填led。
15．解析：literally　考查副词。空处修饰动词means，故用副词形式。
16．解析：reaching　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查with复合结构，reach与其逻辑主语business之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词。
17．解析：Though/Although/While　考查连词。结合句意可知，此处是指尽管一个多世纪后的1932年，交易所停止了运作，但今天博物馆里展出的古董仍然吸引着人们。空处引导让步状语从句，故填Though/Although/While。注意首字母大写。
18．解析：a　考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少冠词；结合句意可知，此处表泛指，且major的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
19．解析：has made　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Since then”可知，应用现在完成时；又因主语it为第三人称单数，故谓语动词用单数。故填has made。
20．解析：whose　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作定语，故填whose。
C
Consisting of a bamboo frame and a 21.________(delicate)painted paper surface，Chinese oil-paper umbrellas have long been viewed as a symbol of China's tradition of cultural craftsmanship and poetic beauty.They are not just an instrument to keep off rain or sunlight，but also works of art 22.________(possess) rich cultural significance and aesthetic(美学的)value.
The first oil-paper umbrellas appeared during the Eastern Han Dynasty(25AD－220AD)．Later，they 23.________(bring)overseas to Japan and ancient Korea during the Tang Dynasty(618－907)，which is 24.________they were known as“Tang umbrellas”．
It takes quite a lot of time and effort to make a traditional Chinese oil-paper umbrella 25.________ hand.For example，in the Fenshui township in Luzhou，Sichuan Province，craftsmen must complete more than 90 steps and use over 100 different tools 26.________(create)a single handmade oil-paper umbrella.
Since the appearance of modern mechanical umbrellas，traditional oil-paper umbrellas 27.________(suffer) from declining sales，while 28.________number of craftsmen has been on the decrease.Fortunately，with the 29.________(include)of Fenshui oil-paper umbrellas as one of China's national intangible cultural heritages in 2008，things have been improving.These great items appear in many fashion shows and media publications due to the positive publicity 30.________they have received.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国传统文物油纸伞的历史和制作过程等。
21．解析： delicately　考查副词。修饰过去分词式的形容词painted，故应填副词delicately。
22．解析：possessing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处为非谓语，且possess和其逻辑主语works of art之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。故填possessing。
23．解析：were brought　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。这里they指代前面的oil-paper umbrellas，谓语动词应用复数；they和谓语动词bring是被动关系；又因此处讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填were brought。
24．解析： why　考查表语从句。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，空处引导表语从句，表示这就是它们被称为“唐伞”的原因。故填why。
25．解析： by　考查介词。by hand“用手”，是常用搭配。
26．解析：to create　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处应用动词不定式表示目的。故填to create。
27．解析：have suffered　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处作谓语。根据前面的时间状语“Since the appearance of modern mechanical umbrellas”可知，时态应用现在完成时；又因主语表复数概念，谓语动词应用复数。故填have suffered。
28．解析：the　考查冠词。the number of“……的数目”，是固定搭配。
29．解析：inclusion　考查名词。空前有冠词the修饰，再结合空后的of可知，空处应该是名词，故填inclusion。
30．解析：that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为the positive publicity，空处在从句中作宾语，故用关系代词that/which。
D
The famous Chinese folk song，Jasmine Flower(茉莉花)，has reached a 31.________(globe)audience with its catchy tune and lyrics.32.________ (equal)popular is the traditionally made jasmine tea，33.________taste fascinates countless tea drinkers.
34．________it comes to jasmine，Chen Chengzhong has a big say.The 72-year-old tea maker from Fuzhou city is a master in the 35.________(produce) of jasmine tea.According to his introduction，the hot and wet climate and the red soil in East China's Fujian Province provide favorable conditions for jasmine and tea plants 36.________(grow)，becoming the high-quality ingredients(原料)that 37.________(need) for jasmine tea.
“When 38.________(harvest)，the jasmine flowers are mixed with layers of tea leaves.It takes at least nine scenting processes to produce jasmine tea with an extraordinary flavor and smooth taste—the criteria for evaluating top-level jasmine tea，”Chen said.
Having been appointed 39.________ the representative of Fuzhou jasmine tea，Chen now focuses more on 40.________(pass)on the scenting techniques，giving lectures to students.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。中国民歌《茉莉花》曲调优美，中国的茉莉花茶更因其味道醇厚而享誉世界。本文主要介绍了茉莉花茶的制作特点和制茶者。
31．解析：global　考查形容词。空处修饰名词audience，故用所给词的形容词形式，表示“全球的听众”。
32．解析：Equally　考查副词。空处修饰形容词popular，表示“同样受欢迎”，故用所给词的副词形式。此处还考查了倒装语序。
33．解析：whose　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作定语。故填whose。
34．解析：When　考查固定搭配。when it comes to sth.为固定句型，表示“当涉及某事时”。
35．解析：production　考查名词。根据定冠词the和空后的of可知，该处用所给词的名词形式。
36．解析：to grow　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查provide sth.for sb.to do sth.，故填to grow。
37．解析：are needed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在从句中作谓语，描述的是客观情况，应用一般现在时；that引导定语从句，指代先行词the high-quality ingredients(原料)，that在从句中作主语，主语和need之间是被动关系；主语表复数概念，谓语应用复数形式。故填are needed。
38．解析：harvested　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语。主语the jasmine flowers和harvest之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。此处也可理解为时间状语从句的省略，当主句主语与从句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词，故此处补充完整为When the jasmine flowers are harvested。
39．解析：as　考查介词。be appointed as“被任命为……”，是固定搭配。
40．解析：passing　考查非谓语动词。介词后接动名词。on为介词，后接动名词作宾语。
训练22　语法填空（二）
(限时：40分钟)
A
Gift giving has been a long tradition that dates back thousands of years as far back as man can remember.As human beings，we are social creatures who enjoy each other's company and expressing 1.________ (we) feelings through the giving of gifts.
The giving of gifts may be one of the oldest human 2.________ (activity) that predate civilization and may date back 3.________ the origin of our species.Even in primitive cavemen culture，the giving of gifts was 4.________ (fair) common as it was used to show love and affection towards one another.The presenting of gifts was also inferred as a status symbol when leaders of tribes (部落) would show their 5.________ (appreciate) for the contributions of those who were part of an important achievement.Whether it was an unusually shaped rock，a tooth from an animal，the bark from a tree 6.________ some other items that were natural in origin，the giving of gifts had been certainly common behavior long before an advanced civilization came into being.
Today，gift giving is spread across all cultures around the world.Gifts 7.________ (give) to family members，friends，those we work with and even neighbors who receive gifts of all different types.The psychology of 8.________ gift giving is so rewarding is simple：It allows people 9.________ (connect)．Making connections with people around us gives us a sense of purpose and a feeling of satisfaction.This feeling is one that enlightens the soul and brings out the 10.________ (good) in us.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。赠送礼物的传统从古至今一直存在，它被用来表达对彼此的爱和感情，它能让人们相互联系，给人们一种目标感和满足感。这种感觉能启迪灵魂，激发出我们最好的一面。
1．解析：our　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作feelings的定语，应填所给词的形容词性物主代词形式，故填our。
2．解析： activities　考查名词复数。根据本句中的one of可知，空处应用复数形式，故填activities。
3．解析： to　考查介词。date back to“追溯到”为固定短语。
4．解析： fairly　考查副词。空处修饰形容词common，应用副词，故填fairly。
5．解析：appreciation　考查名词。根据空前的their和空后的for可知，该空应填appreciate的名词形式appreciation。
6．解析：or　考查连词。此处表示无论礼物是形状奇特的岩石、动物的牙齿、树皮还是其他天然的东西。whether ...or ...意为：“无论……还是……”引导让步状语从句。
7．解析：are given　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Today、语境和句意可知，该处陈述的是现在的情况，故应用一般现在时；句子的主语为复数且和give之间为被动关系；故填are given。
8．解析：why　考查连词。此处表示“为什么送礼物如此有益的心理学原理很简单：它能让人们相互联系”。根据句意可知，该空应填why。
9．解析：to connect/to be connected　考查非谓语动词。allow sb.to do sth.“允许某人做某事”是固定用法，又因connect既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词，people与connect之间既可以是逻辑上的主谓关系也可以是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填to connect或to be connected，指送礼物能让人们相互联系。
10．解析： best　考查形容词的最高级。此句指这种感觉能启迪灵魂，激发出我们最好的一面，故填best。
B
Although 11.________ (use) in many Asian countries，chopsticks have their beginning in China.Chinese chopsticks date back to the Xia Dynasty.It's said that，12.________ (save) time for controlling floods，Dayu，a great ruler in ancient China，ate hot food with sticks.By 500 AD，chopsticks had been adopted in many neighboring countries thanks 13.________ their lightness and convenience.
Chopsticks，with distinctive Chinese features，14.________ (praise) by westerners as “China's 15.________ (five) great invention”．One end of a chopstick is round and the other is square，16.________(represent) the round sky and the square earth.Chopsticks are usually seven cun and six fen in length，which stands for people's seven emotions and six desires.And Chinese people think chopsticks are 17.________ (good) than knives because in their eyes metal knives remind people of the killing and violence while chopsticks symbolize gentleness and kindness.In a word，chopsticks reveal Chinese philosophy and values and reflect the basic characteristics of Chinese culture and civilization.That is 18.________ Chinese people have stuck to chopsticks for thousands of years.
Moreover，there is scientific 19.________ (prove) that using chopsticks does us a lot of good，like increasing finger flexibility，improving eyesight，helping us lose weight and making us smarter.
With China's influence in the world growing 20.________ (rapid)，more and more foreigners are becoming fond of using chopsticks or collecting elegantly made chopsticks as artistic treasures.Chopsticks are going global.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了筷子的起源、文化含义、好处和影响力。
11．解析：used　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是have，空处在句中作非谓语，use与其逻辑主语chopsticks之间是动宾关系，所以空处填used。
12．解析：to save　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语，结合句意可知，此处表示目的，所以空处填to save。
13．解析：to　考查介词。thanks to“由于”是固定表达。
14．解析：are praised　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处在句中作谓语，结合语境可知，此处陈述了一个客观事实，时态用一般现在时；主语Chopsticks为复数，且与praise之间是被动关系。所以空处填are praised。
15．解析：fifth　考查序数词。根据句意可知，此处表示中国的第五大发明，空处需用序数词，所以空处填fifth。
16．解析：representing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语，“One end of a chopstick is round and the other is square”与represent之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以空处填representing。
17．解析： better　考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的than可知，空处应填better。
18．解析：why　考查连词。此处考查固定句型That is why“那就是……的原因”。
19．解析：proof　考查名词。根据空前的形容词scientific可知，空处应用名词，所以空处填proof。
20．解析：rapidly　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空前的动词growing，应用副词，所以空处填rapidly。
C
The need for speed is so deeply rooted in modern society that we often forget to press the pause button and think about the things that get 21.________ (good) with time：antiques，aged wine，long-term relationships and expertise over the years.
Peking Opera is a slow process too.An often-repeated saying goes as follows：three minutes on stage，10 years 22.________ stage.It's meant as a nod to its demanding nature and a reminder of its high standards that ensure that any performance 23.________ (do) in the way the forefathers wanted.
Peking Opera is demanding because of the extensive list of skills it 24.________ (require)．A performer is an actor，a singer，dancer，an acrobat，a mime and martial artist all rolled into one.They're also expected 25.________ (apply) delicate make-up，put on heavy costumes and, 26.________(depend) on their character，perform on stage in 15 cm platform shoes.
There is so much to take in 27.________disciples (门徒) usually start their career as young children，spending years conditioning their bodies and minds for the stage.
So what chance does 28.________ theatre beginner with little patience and zero flexibility like me stand against Peking Opera？Do I have what it takes to put on a 29.________(success) show？There's only one way to find out：I'm rolling up my sleeves and training under the 30.________(guide) of senior stage masters in the field.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于京剧的一些知识。
21．解析：better　考查形容词比较级。结合常识和本句描述可知，此处指随着时间变化而变得更好的东西，所以空处填better。
22．解析：off　考查介词。结合本句描述可知，此处是中国谚语“台上三分钟，台下十年功”。对应表示台上的介词on，此处指的是台下，所以空处填off。
23．解析：is done　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。此处描述了一个客观事实，时态用一般现在时；do意为“做”，与主语是被动关系；主语any performance为单数概念。所以空处填is done。
24．解析：requires　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在定语从句中作谓语。此处为客观描述，时态用一般现在时；主语it指代京剧，为单数概念。所以空处填requires。
25．解析：to apply　考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定表达be expected to do sth.，所以空处填to apply。
26．解析：depending　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语。depend与主语They是逻辑上的主动关系，所以空处填depending。
27．解析：that　考查固定句型。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处为so ...that ...结构，意为：“如此……以至于……”故填that。
28．解析：a　考查冠词。结合句意可知，此处泛指“一个戏剧初学者”，且theatre的发音以辅音音素开头，所以空处填a。
29．解析：successful　考查形容词。空后show是名词，应用形容词修饰，且此处表示“成功的”，故填successful。
30．解析：guidance　考查名词。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，空处应填名词guidance。
D
Almost everything inspired the ancestors of Chinese to create diverse decorative patterns on objects ranging from daily life needs to pure artworks.They carried good and lucky 31.________ (mean) and were possessed of high value，driving numerous people to protect them.
However，the huge number of these decorations increases the difficulty of conservation efforts.Fortunately，many Chinese artists have been considering various ways to pass down this culture 32.________ the next generation.Huang Qingsui，33.________Zhuang ethnic art designer，numbers among these artists.He started collecting decorative patterns from rural areas and recorded them in an online database in 2013 that now 34.________ (contain) more than 20，000 traditional decorations.
Managing the database consists of three steps.The first is collecting these traditional patterns through various channels，including investigating and visiting places where these decorations may have been passed down or 35.________ (contact) museums and experts.After tracking down a decorative pattern，Huang and his team take photos and 36.________ (digital) reproduce the patterns on computer.During the process，they often need to restore damaged patterns，especially 37.________ it comes to decorative patterns on clothing because they tend to be faded or misshapen.The last step involves collecting the data and checking and correcting any mistakes 38.________ may have occurred during the earlier steps.
The beauty 39.________ (hold) in traditional patterns has inspired Chinese designers to find 40.________ (they) own style and emotional bonds instead of just caring about function and form when they design their works.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。中国传统的装饰图案表达了美好的愿望，具有极高的价值。壮族艺术设计师黄清穗致力于保护这些美丽的装饰图案，并创造了行之有效的保护方法。
31．解析： meanings　考查名词复数。空处作carried的宾语，且其前有形容词修饰，故此处应用名词形式；又因空前无限定词修饰，再结合语境可知，此处表示不止一种含义。故填meanings。
32．解析：to　考查介词。pass down sth.to sb.“使……世代相传”，为固定搭配。
33．解析：a　考查冠词。该处泛指“一位壮族艺术设计师”，故用不定冠词，且Zhuang的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
34．解析：contains　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处that引导定语从句，that指代上文的an online database，表单数概念，故从句的谓语动词用单数；该句陈述的是客观情况，故用一般现在时。
35．解析：contacting　考查非谓语动词。根据句中的“or”以及“investigating and visiting”可知，空处作介词including的宾语，应与investigating和visiting的形式保持一致，故填contacting。
36．解析：digitally　考查副词。空处修饰动词reproduce，故用副词digitally。
37．解析：when　考查固定句型。when it comes to ...为固定句型，意为“当涉及……时”。
38．解析：that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，指代先行词mistakes，先行词由不定代词any修饰，关系词在从句中作主语，故填that。
39．解析：held　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词。beauty和hold之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。
40．解析：their　考查代词。此处表示所属关系，故用形容词性物主代词。
训练23　语法填空（三）
(限时：40分钟)
A
(2023·浙江卷1月)During China's dynastic period，emperors planned the city of Beijing 1.________arranged the residential areas according to social classes.The term“hutong”，2.________(original)meaning“water well”in Mongolian，appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Forbidden City，3.________(surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.Citizens of higher social classes 4.________(permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 5.________(feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子)．The hutongs they formed were orderly，lined by 6.________(space)homes and walled gardens.Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers.Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 7.________(simple) in design and decoration，and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing.Thanks to Beijing's long history 8.________the capital of China，almost every hutong has its stories，and some are even associated with historic 9.________(event)．In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City，the Summer Palace，and the Temple of Heaven，the hutongs reflect 10.________ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京胡同的有关情况。
1．解析：and　考查并列连词。语境为帝王规划了北京城并按照社会阶级安排了人们的居住区域。根据语境可知，planned the city of Beijing和arranged the residential areas是并列关系，所以空处填and。
2．解析：originally　考查副词。meaning在此处是动词，应用副词修饰，所以空处填originally。
3．解析：surrounded　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词was，故空处应为非谓语动词；结合句意“在明朝，中心就是紫禁城，它被内城和外城包围，形成同心圆的样貌”可知，surround与the Forbidden City构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以空处填surrounded。
4．解析：were permitted　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据空前的“In the Ming Dynasty”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时；较高社会阶层的人“被允许”居住在离同心圆的中心即紫禁城更近的地方，故用被动语态；主语Citizens是复数，所以空处填were permitted。
5．解析：featured　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处在此作谓语。联系上下文可知，该句描述的是过去发生的事情，所以空处填featured。
6．解析：spacious　考查形容词。空处修饰空后的名词homes，应用形容词，所以空处填spacious。
7．解析：simpler　考查形容词比较级。空处与空前的smaller相呼应，表示在设计和装饰方面更简单，所以空处填simpler。
8．解析：as　考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示北京作为中国的首都，所以空处填as。
9．解析：events　考查名词复数。此处表示几乎每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有些还和历史事件有关。event“事件”，是可数名词，其前无冠词修饰，且根据句意可知，历史事件肯定不止一件，所以空处填events。
10．解析：the　考查冠词。此处特指草根北京人的文化，所以空处填the。
B
The Xizang Autonomous Region has achieved all-around progress in the sports sector，11.________ (pour) nearly 5.23 billion yuan into sports projects，officials said at a news conference in Lhasa this Monday.
As part of this historic breakthrough，the region has been making efforts to enhance the protection and inheritance of ethnic sports and the 12.________ (develop) of outdoor sports.Up to now，over 22 ethnic sports，including Lhasa kite-flying，13.________(put) on the national cultural heritage lists，and activities such as Tibetan wrestling have been included as events at national ethnic sports meets.Weightlifting and Tibetan chess are now among activities 14.________have been included in regional ethnic sports meets.
15．________(enrich) with natural resources such as snow-capped mountains，rivers，lakes，grasslands and forests，Xizang is an ideal place for outdoor sports，such as running，trekking，cycling and ski mountaineering，Wang Dejun，spokesman for the regional sports bureau，told 16.________news conference on Monday.
Participation 17.________sports throughout the region has improved 18.________(dramatic) over the past decade，19.________ more than 997，000 people regularly taking part in physical exercise.“We expect that the outdoor sports industry 20.________(become) a pillar industry in the region eventually and contribute to the economy，”Wang added.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了西藏自治区的体育事业在多方面的发展。西藏拥有丰富的自然资源，是户外运动的理想场所。
11．解析：pouring/having poured　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语；句子主语The Xizang Autonomous Region与pour之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词作状语，该动作可能发生在谓语动词“has achieved”之前，故填pouring/having poured。
12．解析：development　考查名词。根据空前的定冠词the和空后的of可知，此处应用名词形式，故填development。
13．解析：have been put　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语Up to now可知，应用现在完成时；句子的主语over 22 ethnic sports与put之间为被动关系；主语为复数形式。故填have been put。
14．解析：that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，先行词为物，故填that或which。
15．解析：Enriched　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语；enrich与句子主语Xizang之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词Enriched，注意首字母大写。
16．解析：the　考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的新闻发布会，故填the。
17．解析：in　考查介词。此处考查固定搭配participation in，意为“参加，参与”。故填in。
18．解析：dramatically　考查副词。修饰谓语动词has improved应用副词，故填dramatically。
19．解析：with　考查介词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处考查“with＋宾语＋宾补”的用法，此处表示有超过99.7万人定期参加体育锻炼。
20．解析：will become　考查动词的时态。语境表示“我们期待户外运动产业最终会成为该地区的支柱产业”，此处表示发生在将来的动作，应用一般将来时。故填will become。
C
When it comes to ancient civilizations，most people think of the Greeks and Romans.It's understandable as both 21.________(shape) modern society in some way so far，whether it be their social，cultural，or political influences.However，dozens of civilizations had been around long 22.________the Greeks and Romans，the lesser-known Jiahu people 23.________(include)．
The Jiahu settlement is located in the central plain of ancient China，24.________area known today as the Henan Province.The people created the country's oldest recognized civilization.The area is rich in artifacts，25.________ (make) it an archaeologist's dream.Apart from the usual finds，people have uncovered records of the earliest examples of Chinese writing and proof 26.________ they were producers of the world's oldest wine.Other remarkable discoveries were the oldest working bone flutes (长笛).27.________(typical) carved from the wing bone of a crane，they were most likely used in special ceremonies.Rough weaving tools and bone needles also 28.________(unearth) from the site，indicating that Jiahu residents may have possessed basic weaving and sewing skills for 8，500 years.
The settlement's end came around 5，800 BC when the nearby rivers overflowed and flooded the area.It is assumed that the Jiahu people left their home 29.________(settle) elsewhere，even though there is no indication as to 30.________that might have been.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了鲜为人知的贾湖文化。位于河南省的贾湖地区文物丰富，是考古学家梦寐以求的地方。不仅如此，人们还在该地区发现了最早的中国文字的记录和贾湖人是世界上最古老的葡萄酒生产者的证据。
21．解析：have shaped　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。该句中的so far表示“到目前为止”，常与现在完成时连用；又根据主语为both可知，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填have shaped。
22．解析：before　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处指早在希腊人和罗马人之前，就有几十种文明存在了，故填before。
23．解析：included　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该处为非谓语；又因为Jiahu people与include之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词形式included。
24．解析：an　考查冠词。句中area为可数名词，在句中作the central plain of ancient China的同位语，指今天的河南省的一个地区，此处表示泛指，故填不定冠词；又因为area的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
25．解析：making　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该空以及后面的it an archaeologist's dream在句中作结果状语，故填现在分词making表示自然而然的结果。
26．解析：that　考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句中空处以及后面的部分为同位语从句，解释说明proof的具体内容；又因为该空在从句中不作成分且没有意义，故填that。
27．解析：Typically　考查副词。此处应用副词作状语，故填Typically。
28．解析：were unearthed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。结合上下文可知，“挖掘”这一动作发生在过去，故应用一般过去时；句子的主语和unearth之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；主语为复数形式。故填were unearthed。
29．解析：to settle　考查动词不定式。贾湖人离开家是为了到别处定居，此处在句中作目的状语，故填不定式to settle。
30．解析：where　考查宾语从句。句中as to为介词词组，意为“关于”，该空引导宾语从句；根据语境“即使没有迹象表明那有可能是个什么地方”可知，应填where。
D
The traditional Chinese craft of turning thick bamboo into delicate slices achieves fame on overseas short video platform，receiving more than 10 million 31.________(view) and hundreds of thousands of likes.The skilled bamboo craftsmen are recording the daily detailed production processes of their handicrafts on social media，32.________are regarded as “33.________(mystery) Chinese power”in the eyes of foreign netizens.
A woman，34.________social media talent from Omaha，USA，filmed a reaction video to the artistry and posted 35.________online.While witnessing the processes of bamboo gradually turning into bamboo silk and pot brushes，she couldn't contain her 36.________ (surprise) expression.“A real craftsman，”she said in the video.
37．________fancy tools，these bamboo craftsmen make amazing works of art 38.________(simple) using their own bare hands.Pan Yunfeng，51，from Lin'an，Zhejiang Province，started learning bamboo weaving at an early age and by now with over 5 million followers on social media，he 39.________ (become) a genuine influencer for netizens home and abroad.
Bamboo weaving art，40.________(originate) from the Warring States period 2，000 years ago，has become an essential part of traditional Chinese culture.Now，the popularity of bamboo art on social media has opened a window for foreign netizens to better understand Chinese culture.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。中国的竹编通过社交媒体走出国门，为外国网民更好地了解中国文化打开了一扇窗口。
31．解析：views　考查名词复数。根据空前的“10 million”和空后的“and”“likes”可知，该空应填所给词的复数形式。
32．解析：which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该空引导非限制性定语从句，且该空在句中作主语，故填which。
33．解析：mysterious　考查形容词。该空在句中作定语，修饰Chinese power，故填mysterious。
34．解析：a　考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，“34.________ social media talent from Omaha，USA”在句中作主语的同位语，指的是“一个来自美国奥马哈的社交媒体达人”，表泛指，故填不定冠词a。
35．解析：it　考查代词。该空在句中作posted的宾语，指代上文中的a reaction video，故填代词it。
36．解析：surprised　考查形容词。该空在句中作定语，修饰名词expression，故填surprised。
37．解析：Without　考查介词。根据空后的“using their own bare hands”可知，手艺人们没有花哨的工具，故填Without。
38．解析：simply　考查副词。空处修饰现在分词短语“using their own bare hands”，故填副词simply。
39．解析：has become　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空前的by now在句中作时间状语，常与现在完成时连用；主语he为第三人称单数。故填has become。
40．解析：originating　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语，空处在此作非谓语，originate与Bamboo weaving art之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填originating。
训练24　语法填空（四）
(限时：40分钟)
A
As archaeologists explored ancient tombs in Turpan in western China，they discovered some surprisingly well-preserved and hardened dumplings.
Exactly 1.________invented dumplings remains a mystery.But some scholars suspect they were first spread around the ancient world by peoples living in western China and Central Asia more than 1，700 years ago.
Dumplings continued to take off and diversify in China over the next thousand years.Instead of the 2.________(tradition) meat filling，some communities preferred vegetable dumplings.And because wheat was 3.________(hard) to grow outside of northern China than in northern China，those in other regions began making dumplings using rice and sweet potato.The relationship 4.________Chinese dumplings and those in other areas is hard to trace，but food historians 5.________(make) their best guesses based on available clues.
Turkic tribes spread and 6.________(eventual) established the Ottoman Empire around 1300 CE，bringing wrapped food west with them.
Some scholars believe that the Mongol Empire also helped dumplings go farther，perhaps 7.________ (introduce) them to parts of Eastern Europe.These dumplings could have come by way of China or directly from some of the Turkic peoples the Mongols hired to run their empire.
Later，after Chinese dumpling 8.________ (variety) were introduced to more countries，English speakers began calling them dumplings.The term is thought 9.________(use) firstly in 16th century England to describe dough balls dropped in liquid.During the Second World War，Chinese“jiaozi”was brought to Japan，10.________it became known as “gyoza”and was more typically pan-fried.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章追溯了饺子的发展史，虽然到底是谁发明了饺子仍然是个谜，但一些学者怀疑，它们最早是在1700多年前由生活在中国西部和中亚的人们传播到古代世界各地的。
1．解析：who　考查主语从句。根据空后的“But some scholars suspect ...more than 1，700 years ago.”可知，一些学者怀疑它们最早是在1，700多年前由生活在中国西部和中亚的人们传播到古代世界各地的。由此可知，此处指的是到底是谁发明了饺子仍然是个谜，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“谁”，故填who。
2．解析：traditional　考查形容词。根据空处所在的位置可知，空处所填词在句中作定语，修饰meat filling。由此可知，空处应填形容词traditional。
3．解析： harder　考查形容词比较级。根据空后的than可知，此处应用形容词比较级，故填harder。
4．解析：between　考查介词。根据空前的“The relationship”以及空后的“Chinese dumplings and those in other areas”可知，该空应填between，表示“中国饺子和其他地区的饺子之间的关系很难追溯”。且the relationship between ...and ...为固定搭配。
5．解析：have made　考查动词的时态。此处指食物历史学家已经根据可用的线索做出了最好的猜测；根据语境可知，做出猜测发生在过去，但对现在造成了影响，所以用现在完成时，故填have made。
6．解析：eventually　考查副词。句中established为动词，应用副词来修饰，故填eventually。
7．解析：introducing　考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知，该空在句中作非谓语，且introduce与主语the Mongol Empire构成了逻辑上的主谓关系，故填introducing。
8．解析：varieties　考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作主语；根据空后的were可知，该空应用所给词的复数形式，故填varieties。
9．解析：to have been used　考查动词不定式。“主语＋is＋及物动词的过去分词＋动词不定式”是一个固定句型，相当于“It is＋及物动词的过去分词＋that从句”；由于The term与use之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且use这一动作已经完成，故填to have been used。
10．解析：where　考查定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Japan，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。
B
The seventh day of the seventh lunar month is Qixi，widely 11.________ (regard) as China's Valentine's Day.But do you know the origin of the festival
Legend has it 12.________ the Weaver Girl met and fell in love with a cowherd.The Jade Emperor strongly objected 13.________ the couple's union and forcibly separated them by the Milky Way，leaving them 14.________ (tear) apart by the galaxy and only allowing them to meet once a year.Despite that，the distance could not stop their love for one another and they look forward to meeting once a year on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.
However，with the development of high speed 15.________ (railway)，the tragedy of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl could not happen in modern China.A ride between Beijing and Shanghai on the high-speed rail only takes four hours.The convenience and 16.________ (efficient) of modern travel have shortened the “galactic distance” between couples.
On Qixi，more and more young people 17.________ (get) dates and exchanging gifts to express their affection.Long queues are also often formed at the gate of the Civil Affairs Bureau 18.________ couples rush to register for marriages when love is in the air.This is because Qixi 19.________ (carry) a symbolic meaning: choose your own love and remain 20.________ (faith) to life.
【语篇解读】　 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国七夕节的由来及其发展。
11．解析：regarded　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是 is，regard 在句中作非谓语动词。regard与其逻辑主语“The seventh day of the seventh lunar month”之间是动宾关系，所以空处填regarded。
12．解析：that　考查宾语从句。legend has it that...“传说，相传”，是固定表达。此处it作形式宾语，that引导真正的宾语从句。所以空处填that。
13．解析：to　考查介词。object to sb./sth.“反对某人或某物”，是固定表达。所以空处填to。
14．解析：torn　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处形成了“leave ＋宾语＋宾补”结构，空处作宾语补足语，动词tear与代词them之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以空处填torn。
15．解析：railways　考查名词复数。railway是可数名词，结合常识和语境可知，此处表达复数概念且high speed前无限定词，所以空处填railways。
16．解析：efficiency　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处与空前的名词convenience并列，作本句的主语，空处也应用名词，所以填efficiency。
17．解析：are getting　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作句子谓语，且讲述现在的情况。结合空后的exchanging可知，本句的时态为现在进行时；主语young people为复数概念。所以空处填are getting。
18．解析：where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为表示地点的名词the Civil Affairs Bureau，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以空处填where。
19．解析：carries　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在从句中作谓语，主语为第三人称单数，且该句表一般的客观情况，所以空处填carries。
20．解析：faithful　考查形容词。remain“保持”，为连系动词，因此空处用形容词作表语，所以填faithful。
C
Rainbow-coloured rubbish
This is the colourful waste 21.______ (create) by a Swedish city with a unique recycling system.Like many cities in Sweden，Eskilstuna has an impressive recycling record.It met the EU's target of recycling 50% of waste many years ago.
But almost everyone who lives here follows a strict recycling policy at home.People 22.______ (expect) to sort their household waste into seven separate 23.______ (category)，including food，textiles，cartons and metal.But 24.______ really makes the system stand out is the bright colour
code.The bags arrive all mixed up because they're collected 25.______ (frequent)．But thanks to those bright colours，scanners can select the bags and separate them efficiently.The food waste in green bags 26.______ (be) processed on site into pieces to make biogas, 27.______ powers the city's buses.One of the benefits of thi