高考英语二轮复习专题强化语言运用语法填空第一节有提示词类课件
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| 名称 | 高考英语二轮复习专题强化语言运用语法填空第一节有提示词类课件 |
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| 格式 | ppt | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.1MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-02-11 00:00:00 | ||
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(共123张PPT)
第一节 有提示词类
细研真题
·解锁疑难
角度1 提示词为动词
考向1 谓语动词
1．动词的时态——4个技巧搞定谓语动词的时态
首先，分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但设空处与之是并列关系，设空处就用谓语动词。填谓语动词时，一定要根据时间状语、上下文或并列谓语判断动词的时态和语态。此外注意谓语动词的单复数是否和主语保持一致。
技巧1 时间状语判断法
[典例1] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Further，the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road，by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time ...The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors...
解析：walks 考查谓语动词。纵观全句，没有谓语动词，故此处应填谓语动词。句子的主语是“ the Silk Route Garden”，与walk之间是主动关系，walk 在此为及物动词。根据“The garden also contains a winding path that guides”可知，整个段落是一般现在时，因此，此处也应用一般现在时第三人称的单数形式。
[典例2] (2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years，some supermarkets ________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
解析：have started 考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
[典例3] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)As a little girl，I ________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
解析：wished 考查时态。根据空前的时间状语“As a little girl”和空后的“when I grew up”可知，空处讲的是作者小时候的愿望，故时态应用一般过去时，所以空处需要填wished。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望我长大后成为一名动物园管理员。
[典例4] (2022·全国甲卷) In the last five years，Cao ________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents ...
解析：has walked 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家……根据时间状语“in the last five years”可知，应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
[典例5] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________ (be) previously unprotected，bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
解析：were 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为“a significant number of areas”，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知，从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语为复数，从句谓语用复数形式。故填were。
[典例6] (新高考Ⅰ卷) You can't help wondering how hard it ________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks in place.
解析：was 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：你不禁想知道对于那时的人们来说把所有的石头搬到正确的地方有多么困难。根据 then 可知，此处应用一般过去时；从句主语为 it，故填 was。考生易因主句中的谓语can't help 而错填is。
[典例7] (新高考Ⅰ卷) The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，________ (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
解析：formed 考查时态。句意：例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。分析句子结构可知，“collected by Sir Hans Sloane”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词objects，故空处是谓语动词，根据该句时间状语“in 1759”可知，主句谓语所表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。主语objects与form是主动关系，故填formed。
[技法点拨]
在高考语法填空中，有时会给出时间标志，可根据所给时间状语确定对应时态。
①一般现在时：sometimes，every week/day/year/morning等。
②一般过去时：then，yesterday，last week/night/year/month，the other day，in＋过去的年份，时间段＋ago，时间段＋later等。
③现在进行时：look，listen，now，at present，at this moment/time等。
④过去进行时：at that time/moment等。
⑤一般将来时：tomorrow，next week/year，in＋时间段，in the future等。
⑥将来进行时：at six/this time tomorrow等。
⑦现在完成时：since＋时间点，recently，lately，already，so far，ever since，up to/until/by now，during/over/in the last/past＋时间段，in/over recent＋时间段等。
⑧过去完成时：by then，until then，by/before/till the end of＋过去的时间点等。
[课堂点评]
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技巧2 参考语境和并列谓语
[典例1] (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about ________ (be) also Shakespeare's concerns.I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar...
解析：were 考查谓语动词。空处为本句谓语动词，根据语境以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“Some of the things”，复数。
[典例2] (2023·全国乙卷) The remarkable development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world，________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
解析：means 考查时态和主谓一致。设空处前后的句子为一般现在时，此处也应用一般现在时；句子的主语为“The remarkable development of this city”，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填means。
[典例3] (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) He quickly ________ (throw) his tools aside，and started running，arms out.
解析：threw 考查时态。设空处与and 后面的 started为并列谓语，故空处用一般过去时，故填过去式threw。
[技法点拨]
(1)语境理解少不了：题干中没给出具体的时间状语时，应仔细分析设空处所在句前后句子中的谓语动词的时态，弄清动作发生的时间及顺序，确定所填谓语动词的时态。
(2)瞻前顾后找并列：①可根据并列连词and，but，or，as well as，rather than，both ...and ...，neither ...nor ...，either ...or ...，not only ...but also ...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态；②同一个主语连接两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。
技巧3 时态呼应判断法
[典例1] (全国乙卷) Make sure that the tourism ________ (provide) positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
解析：provides 考查谓语动词的时态和语态。make sure后接宾语从句，谓语常用一般现在时，主语是the tourism，故谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填provides。
[典例2] (新高考Ⅰ卷) The rolling sea of clouds you see once you ________ (be) at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are.
解析：are 考查谓语动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处在once引导的从句中作谓语，主句谓语是一般将来时，故once引导的从句用一般现在时，主语是you，故填are。
[典例3] (全国Ⅰ卷)“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，says，“because it ________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ________ (construct)．”
解析：means；is constructed 考查谓语动词的时态和语态。主句是一般现在时，故because引导的从句也用一般现在时，主语是it，该处谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填means。第二空是how引导的宾语从句的谓语动词，主语“the moon”与动词“construct”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，第一空后的宾语从句是一般现在时，该处用一般现在时，又因主语“the moon”是单数，故填is constructed。
[技法点拨]
①在时间、条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；主句用一般过去时，从句用一般过去时。
②在宾语从句中，如主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去的某种时态；从句表客观事实或真理，用一般现在时。
[课堂点评]
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技巧4 固定句型判断法
[典例1] (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) Henry ________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams.He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
解析：was fixing 考查时态和主谓一致。此处是固定句式was/were doing ...when ...表示：“正在做……这时……”此处为Henry正在修车，这时他突然听到尖叫声。主语为第三人称单数，故填 was fixing。
[典例2] No sooner had I reached the finishing line than the audience ________ (begin) to cheer.
解析：began 考查时态。分析句子结构可知，此句为“no sooner ...than”结构，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，故填began。
[典例3] Last year，a professor of Behavioral Ecology discovered that crows are able to use tools on complex orders.This was the first time that such behavior ________ (observe) in an non-human animal.
解析：had been observed 考查时态和被动语态。此处考查固定句型“This was the first time that ...”，从句应用过去完成时，主语behavior与observe之间形成被动关系，故填 had been observed。
[技法点拨]
①祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时。
②This/It/That is/was＋the＋序数词＋time＋(that)从句，从句用现在/过去完成时。
③It is/has been＋时间段＋since sb./sth.did ...
④sb.was/were doing sth.when sb./sth.did ...
⑤no sooner/hardly had sb.done sth.than/when sb./sth.did ...
⑥by the time＋sb./sth.did，主语＋had done ...
2.动词的语态
解题时首先要找出句子的主语，然后确定主语与动词之间的关系：主语是动作的发出者，动词则用主动语态；主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。只有及物动词(短语)才有被动语态。系动词和不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。
[典例1] (2024·全国甲卷)What should ________ (do) with such a beautiful place
解析：be done 考查语态。本句是一个特殊疑问句，疑问词 what 是句子的主语，且与 do 之间是被动关系，由于谓语部分有情态动词 should，故此处应填 be done。
[典例2] (2024·浙江卷1月)However，though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages，it would help even more if they could sometimes ________ (offer) in smaller packs.Even the biggest sausage fan doesn't want to eat them every day.
解析：be offered 考查语态。分析句子结构可知，offer作动词，意为“提供”，主语“they”代指前文中的“sausages”，与offer构成被动关系。且空前有情态动词could。故应填be offered。
[典例3] (2023·全国乙卷) Having visited several times over the last 10 years，I ________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new，and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
解析：am amazed 考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我来过几次，我惊叹于新与旧的共存，以及一个城市如何能够在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的遗产。根据上下文语境可知，此处陈述客观情况，应用一般现在时；I和amaze之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填am amazed。
[典例4] (2023·全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still ________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
解析：be employed 考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词。主语“a simple literary form”和动词“employ” 之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。空前是情态动词，故填be employed。
[典例5] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP ________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性)of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer zones，and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”．
解析：is designed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语“The GPNP”之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数，谓语用单数形式。故填is designed。
[技法点拨]
(1)牢记常考的几种时态的被动语态
①一般现在时：am/is/are done；②一般过去时：was/were done；③一般将来时：will be done；④过去将来时：would be done；⑤现在进行时：am/is/are being done；⑥过去进行时：was/were being done；⑦现在完成时：has/have been done；⑧过去完成时：had been done。
(2)含有情态动词的被动语态形式：情态动词＋be done。
(3)①牢记常考的不及物动词(短语)：remain，happen，occur，take place，measure (量起来)，break out，come about，run out，give out，come into existence等。②无被动语态的及物动词及短语： have，belong to，consist of，pay off，date back to/date from等。
[课堂点评]
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3.主谓一致
[典例1] (2024·九省联考卷)He feels that neat handwriting ________ (be) still an important skill，so he has his students write not only by hand but also with old-fashioned fountain pens.
解析：is 考查时态和主谓一致。空处作谓语，本句陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语“handwriting”为不可数名词，应用动词的第三人称单数形式。
[典例2] (新高考Ⅱ卷) Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic，I'd send an email.One of the biggest companies I wrote to ________ (be) Alaska Airlines.
解析：was 考查时态和主谓一致。根据前一句的谓语动词时态和定语从句的谓语动词“wrote”可知，此处描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；“one of＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”结构中，谓语动词用单数，故填was。
[典例3] (新高考Ⅱ卷) Because the number of possible topics ________ (be) practically limitless，we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology.
解析：is 考查时态和主谓一致。the number of “……的数目”，后接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用单数。根据主句的时态可知，从句用一般现在时，故填is。
[典例4] (全国Ⅱ卷) This is why decorating with plants，fruits and flowers ________ (carry) special significance.
解析：carries 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语“decorating with plants，fruits and flowers”，所以谓语动词用单数形式，故填carries。
[典例5] Johnathan，as well as his fellow workers，________ (resign) from the company since it announced its transformation plan.
解析：has resigned 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。根据since引导的时间状语从句可知，空处应用现在完成时；主语是“A，as well as B”结构，谓语动词的单复数应与A一致，Johnathan为第三人称单数形式，且与resign形成主动关系，故填has resigned。句意：自从公司宣布改革计划之后，Johnathan和他的同事们就辞职了。
[技法点拨]
(1)一致原则：①主语从句、不可数名词、单数名词，表示距离、时间、金钱等的名词、不定式(短语)或动名词(短语)或不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；②定语从句谓语动词的单复数与其所修饰的名词或代词的单复数保持一致。
(2)就近原则：①or，either ...or ...，neither ...nor ...，not only ...but (also) ...，not ...but ...等连接并列主语时；②在there/here be 句式中，谓语动词与最邻近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
(3)就远原则：“名词＋介词(with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/in addition to/including等)＋名词”作主语，谓语动词与第一个名词或代词在单复数上保持一致。
[课堂点评]
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考向2 词性转换
提示词为动词，如果既不是谓语动词，也不是非谓语动词，则考虑动词词性转换，动词是转换成名词还是形容词，则根据句式结构以及空格所作成分进一步分析。
[典例1] (2024·浙江卷1月)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ________ (criticize) that they lead to waste.
解析：criticism 考查词性转换。根据空前的“because of the”可知，空处应用名词作宾语。空后的that引导同位语从句，说明空处名词的具体内容。
[典例2] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot，________ (taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
解析：tasty 考查词性转换。空处与空前的形容词hot并列，修饰空后的名词soup，故空处填形容词tasty。
[典例3] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) Since June 2017，right before the ________ (arrive) of the two new pandas，Meng Meng and Jiao Qing，I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
解析：arrival 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作介词before的宾语，跟在定冠词the的后面，需要用名词，arrive的名词形式是arrival。故填arrival。
[典例4] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas，which are on loan from China.
解析：visiting 考查词性转换。句意：他们和许多国际游客以及来访的中国动物饲养员交谈，这些饲养员经常来查看大熊猫，这些大熊猫是从中国借出的。设空处修饰“Chinese zookeepers”，应该使用形容词形式，意为“访问的，客座的”。故填 visiting。
[典例5] (2023·全国甲卷) However，Carson's theme is a more weighty ________ (warn) about environmental destruction.
解析：warning 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空前有冠词和形容词修饰，故空处应填名词warning。句意：然而，卡森的主题是一个更有分量的关于环境破坏的警告。
[典例6] (2022·全国甲卷) Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road，in order to promote environmental ________ (protect)．
解析：protection 考查词性转换。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，应用名词作宾语。故填protection。
[技法点拨]
(1)动词转换为形容词
①v.＋ -able转换为形容词
accept→acceptable可接受的
adapt→adaptable能适应的
②v.＋-ed/-ing转换为形容词
confuse→confused感到困惑的
excite→exciting令人激动的；令人兴奋的
③v.＋词缀-ive转换为形容词
impress→impressive给人深刻印象的
instruct→instructive有教育意义的
④v.＋词缀-ful/-less转换为形容词
doubt→doubtful怀疑的
hope→hopeless不抱希望的
(2)动词转换为名词
①v.＋-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为”
celebrate→celebration庆祝
compete→competition比赛
②v.＋-ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果”
achieve→achievement成就
argue→argument争论，论据
③v.＋-er/-or 转换为名词，表示“人”
perform→performer表演者
educate→educator教育家
visit→visitor访问者
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考向3 非谓语动词
首先，分析句子成分，所给提示词是动词时，若句中已有谓语动词，又不是作并列谓语时，则要考虑填非谓语动词。
1．非谓语动词作主语和表语——成分分析法
[典例1] (2024·九省联考卷)He knows that computers are here ________(stay) and that they will not disappear.However，he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus，to write faster，and...
解析：to stay 考查非谓语动词。根据空前的动词are可知，空处应填不定式作表语，be to do为固定搭配，表示“必定会”，是对未来的一种推测。
[典例2] (2025·全国一卷)“We hope ________(present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”
解析：to present 考查非谓语动词。hope to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“希望做某事”。故填to present。
[典例3] (新高考Ⅱ卷)These days，it is not unusual for 10- to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders ________ (begin) computer classes.
解析：to begin 考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站，二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课，这些都很常见。此处是“It is ＋ adj.＋ for sb.to do sth.”句式，it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。故填to begin。
[典例4] (全国Ⅲ卷) On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ________ (get) there.
解析： to get 考查非谓语动词。it takes/took (sb.) some time to do sth.为固定句式，意为“花费(某人)多长时间做某事”，该句式中it为形式主语，后面的不定式(短语)为真正的主语。设空处应用动词不定式形式，故填to get。
[典例5] (全国Ⅲ卷) I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel ________ (challenge)．
解析：challenged 考查非谓语动词。设空在句中作表语，表“受到挑战的”，故用过去分词作表语。本题易误填challenging，但是challenging “富有挑战性的”，表某物或某事具有的性质和特征，不符合语境。
[典例6] In addition to providing visitors with a rare insight into the world of art conservation ________ (conduct) the treatments in original place allows the sculptures to be treated in the same natural light in which they are being exhibited currently.
解析：conducting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，空处作非谓语动词，应用动词-ing形式作主语，故填conducting。
[技法点拨]
1．非谓语动词作主语
(1)句中缺少主语，找到句子的谓语部分，确定应用动词-ing形式还是动词不定式作主语。
(2)表抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用doing，表具体某一次的动作用to do。
(3)掌握用动词的-ing形式/不定式作主语的句型：
①It's ＋adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth.
②It's no use/no good/fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth.
③It takes sb.＋ some time/money ＋to do sth.
④It's worthwhile doing/to do sth.
2．非谓语动词作表语
非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式。
(1)动词-ing形式作表语，修饰物，意为“令人感到……的”；
(2)过去分词作表语，修饰人，意为“本身感到……的”；
(3)动词不定式作表语，表示将来或目的。
2.非谓语动词作宾语——句型公式法
提示词是动词： ①若句中已有谓语，且设空处不是作并列谓语而是作介词或动词(短语)的宾语时，应用非谓语动词doing/to do；②利用逻辑主语和非谓语动词的关系确定形式(主谓关系：doing/to do；动宾关系：being done/to be done)。
[典例1] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) To eat one，you have to decide whether ________ (bite) a small hole in it first，releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出) ...
解析：to bite 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词have to decide，设空处与whether连用构成“wh-＋to do”结构，作decide的宾语，故填to bite。
[典例2] (2023·全国乙卷) As a photographer，I have spent the last two years ________ (record) everything I discovered.
解析：recording 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词have spent，设空处应用动词的非谓语形式。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定句型，意为“花费时间做某事”，故填recording。
[典例3] (全国乙卷) Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim ________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
解析：to have 考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动包括从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿力求对自然环境影响小。根据aim to do “旨在，目的是”的用法可知，该处填to have作宾语。
[典例4] (全国乙卷) Minimize the impact of ________ (visit) the place.
解析：visiting 考查非谓语动词。句意：使参观这个地方的影响最小化。空前是介词of，应填动名词形式作介词of的宾语，故填visiting。
[典例5] (全国Ⅱ卷) This is why decorating with plants，fruits and flowers carries special significance.They represent the earth ________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
解析：coming 考查非谓语动词。句意：这就是带有树、水果和花的装饰赋有特殊意义的原因。他们象征着地球焕发新的生机和对新的开始的祝福。句中谓语动词为represent，设空处作represent的宾语。the earth是其逻辑主语，与come back to之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词的-ing形式作宾语。故填coming。
[典例6] (全国Ⅰ卷) Scientists have responded by ________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements，leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
解析：noting 考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们已做出回应，指出饥饿的熊可能聚集在人类居住地附近，导致熊的数量比实际数量要多的错觉。设空处作介词by的宾语，应用动词的-ing形式作宾语，故填noting。by doing sth.“通过做某事”。note在本句中意为“特别提到；指出”。
[典例7] (全国Ⅱ卷) A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ________ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
解析：being 考查非谓语动词。句意：一位90岁的老人被授予“年度女性”称号，因为她是英国年龄最大的全职员工——目前仍然每周工作40个小时。分析句子成分可知，设空处作介词for的宾语，应用动词的-ing形式作宾语，故填being。
[典例8] (浙江卷) But some students didn't want ________ (wear) the uniform.
解析：to wear 考查非谓语动词。句意：但是一些学生并不想穿校服。want to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“想要做某事”，故填to wear。
[技法点拨]
牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构
①介词(but/except除外)之后加动名词作宾语，注意“to”的身份识别。
②若非谓语动词作如下动词(短语)的宾语，则应填不定式：agree，afford，choose，decide，expect，fail，hope，manage，offer，pretend，plan，promise，refuse，want，wish，would like，determine等。
③若非谓语动词作如下动词(短语)的宾语，则应填动词的-ing形式：avoid，admit，allow，advise，consider，escape，enjoy，keep，finish，include，mind，miss，practice，recommend，suggest，feel like，get down to，can't help (情不自禁)等。
④go on，mean，forget，regret，remember，stop，try等可接动词的-ing形式或不定式作宾语，应结合语境和动词(短语)用法确定填动词的-ing形式或不定式作宾语。
⑤believe/consider/find/feel/make/think＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。
⑥sth.want/need/require/deserve＋doing/to be done 动名词作宾语，主动形式表被动。
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3.非谓语动词作定语——关系分析法
[典例1] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) Shanghai may be the ________ (recognize) home of the soup dumpling，but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace.
解析：recognized 考查非谓语动词。此处表示“得到认可的小笼包的发源地”。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词home，且与home之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词recognized。
[典例2] (2023·全国乙卷) From Buddhist temples to museums，narrow hutong to royal palaces，it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout，with the city keeping its carefully ________ (build) system of ring roads.
解析：built 考查非谓语动词。设空处所在句中已有系动词is，且无并列连词连接，故设空处应为非谓语动词；动词build与其逻辑主语system为动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填built。
[典例3] (2023·全国甲卷) Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message ________ (intend) for everyone.
解析：intended 考查非谓语动词。本句有系动词is，设空处应为非谓语动词，分析句式结构可知，设空处作定语，修饰message。动词intend与message之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填intended。
[典例4] (2023·浙江卷1月) In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Forbidden City，________ (surround) in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
解析：surrounded 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，was是谓语动词，且没有并列连词，故设空处需用非谓语形式作定语。the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填surrounded。
[典例5] (2022·全国乙卷) It can help to build a community with a ________ (share) future for mankind.
解析：shared 考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。分析句式结构可知，此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
[典例6] (2022·全国甲卷) A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an，as a first step ________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
解析：to journey 考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
[典例7] (2022·全国甲卷) Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for Interactional Cooperation ________ (hold) in Beijing，Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
解析：held 考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句式结构可知，句中已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填held。
[技法点拨]
(1)动词-ing形式(短语)作定语
①动词-ing形式(短语)作定语表示主动、正在进行；
②若表示被动且正在发生的动作用being done 结构；
③表示心理状态的动词-ing形式的形容词，意为“令人……的”。
(2)过去分词(短语)作定语
①过去分词(短语)作定语表示被动、完成；
②动词-ed形式的形容词，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可作定语修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。
(3)动词不定式作定语
①看到由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词(代词)常用动词不定式作定语；
②看到由the only，the last，the next等修饰的名词(代词)常用动词不定式作定语；
③看到被修饰的名词(代词)是ability，attempt，chance，desire，eagerness，potential，reason，right，something，anything，time，way，wish等词时，常用动词不定式作定语。
[课堂点评]
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4.非谓语动词作状语和补语——厘清逻辑关系
[典例1] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days ________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
解析：to give 考查非谓语动词。空处为不定式短语作目的状语，表示：“为了给……提供……”
[典例2] (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion，Edmondson said...
解析：Recalling 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词作状语，主语Edmondson和动词recall之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式；位于句首，首字母大写。
[典例3] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
解析：to be lifted 考查非谓语动词。此处为“allow sth.to be done”结构，意为“允许某事被做”，to do作宾补，此处表示小笼包被提起，设空处与宾语them构成被动关系，故用不定式的被动式，故填to be lifted。
[典例4] (2023·全国甲卷) For thousands of years，people have told fables (寓言) ________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
解析：to teach 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词have told，设空处应用动词的非谓语形式作目的状语，故用动词不定式。故填to teach。
[典例5] (2023·全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins，________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
解析：borrowing 考查非谓语动词。设空处前面有谓语动词begins，且两者之间没有连词连接；分析句子结构可知设空处为非谓语动词作状语，her fable与borrow之间为逻辑上主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填borrowing。
[典例6] (2022·全国甲卷)He flew 4，700 kilometers from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept.20，________ (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
解析：planning 考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4，700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词flew，故设空处为分词短语作伴随状语。plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，故填planning。
[典例7] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park，the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
解析：Covering 考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句式结构可知设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为主谓关系，因此用现在分词形式作状语。故填Covering。
[技法点拨]
1．2个技巧确定非谓语动词作状语
(1)逻辑关系分析法
①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系：表目的用to do；表出乎意料的结果用only to do；表时间/条件/原因/让步/伴随/自然而然的结果用doing。
②提示词与主语是逻辑上的动宾关系：表动作还未发生用to be done；表动作已经发生用done。
(2)固定句型用法
①主语＋be＋形容词(easy，hard，interesting，pleasant，safe等)＋to do，不定式与句子主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，并且不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
②too＋ adj./adv.＋ to do；adj./adv.＋enough ＋to do，so ＋adj./adv.＋ as to do，such ＋名词＋as to do ...，不定式作结果状语。
③主语＋表情绪的形容词(excited，happy，anxious，satisfied，delighted，angry等)＋to do，不定式作原因状语。
2．2个技巧确定非谓语动词作补语
(1)逻辑关系分析法
①主语或宾语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系，用doing/(to) do。
②提示词与主语或宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系：表被动/完成用done；表被动将来用to be done；表被动进行用being done。
(2)固定搭配和句型用法
①常用动词不定式作宾补：allow，ask，beg，command，encourage，expect，forbid，invite，persuade，tell等。
②用省略to的不定式作宾补的动词：“五”看；“三”使；“两”听；“一”感觉。look at/see/watch/notice/observe，make/let/have，hear/listen to，feel。注意：在被动语态中作主语补足语要还原to，如be made to do。
③常用现在分词作宾补的动词：have，get，leave，find，keep，see，notice，watch，hear，feel，catch等。
④常用过去分词作宾补的动词：have，make，get，leave，find，keep，see，notice，watch，hear，feel，want等。
角度2 提示词为名词
考向1 考查名词的单复数
若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的复数，同时注意不规则变化的情况。
[典例1] (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Although they could never have met，there are common ________ (theme) in their works，said Paul Edmondson，head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
解析：themes 考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词are可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。
[典例2] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) They also need to be ready to give ________ (interview) in English with international journalists.
解析：interviews 考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处作动词give的宾语，需要用名词。根据空后的“with international journalists”(和国际记者)可知，空处表示复数意义，所以空处需要填interviews。
[典例3] (2023·全国乙卷) But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life，with 21st-century architectural ________ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
解析：wonders 考查名词复数。wonder在此表示“奇迹，奇观”，是可数名词，其前无限定词修饰，应用复数。故填wonders。
[典例4] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ________ (population) and homes of giant pandas，and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
解析：populations 考查名词复数。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列，在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数形式。故填populations。
[典例5] (新高考Ⅰ卷) The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ________ (human)are.
解析：humans 考查名词复数。句意：一旦你到达山顶，你看到的滚动的云海会提醒你，我们人类是多么渺小。空处作 we 的同位语，同位语要与其前的名词或代词的单复数保持一致。根据空前的we可知，空处应用复数形式。
[技法点拨]
(1)利用名词前的修饰语，确定名词的单复数形式
①不定冠词a，an后用单数名词。
②名词前有one of the，among时用复数名词。
③名词前有these，those，many，several，few，a few，a number of，hundreds of，a couple of，a dozen of，all，both，other等词时，填复数名词。
④名词前有大于或等于2的基数词，如two，three等时，填复数名词。
⑤名词前有形容词different，various等时，填复数名词。
(2)利用谓语的单复数确定名词的单复数
①所填名词作主语，且谓语动词是复数形式are，were，have等，填复数名词。
②所填名词作主语，且谓语动词是单数，则填单数名词。
(3)牢记习惯上用复数形式的名词或短语
belongings/possessions “财物”；congratulations “祝贺”；surroundings “环境”；good manners “礼貌”；take turns “轮流”；take pains “努力”；in all directions “向四面八方”；in ruins “成为废墟”；in high spirits “兴致勃勃”；living conditions “生活条件”；make preparations for “为……做准备”等。
考向2 词性转换
[典例1] (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international ________ (visible)，said Edmondson，adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers.
解析：visibility 考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。
[典例2] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) Since June 2017，right before the arrival of the two new pandas，Meng Meng and Jiao Qing，I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ________ (confidence) speaking English.
解析：confident 考查词性转换。根据空前的并列连词and可知，空处与空前的形容词comfortable并列，同作feel的表语，因此，空处也需要填形容词。故填confident。
[典例3] (2023·全国乙卷)The ________ (remark) development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world，means there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
解析：remarkable 考查词性转换。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词development，应用形容词。故填remarkable“非凡的，卓越的”。
[典例4] (2023·全国甲卷)__________ (difference) from traditional fables，Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
解析：Different 考查词性转换。 be different from“与……不同”是固定短语，此处作状语，去掉be动词，且空处位于句首，单词首字母要大写。故填Different。
[典例5] (2022·全国甲卷) Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ________ (meaning)．
解析：meaningful 考查词性转换。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
[典例6] (全国乙卷) Provide ________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
解析：financial 考查词性转换。句意：为当地的人们提供金融和其他的援助。空处在名词aid之前，应用形容词作定语。故填financial。
[技法点拨]
(1)名词转换为形容词
提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词时，则一般考查名词变形容词。注意名词变形容词的后缀：
①n.＋-able：honor →honorable可敬的
②n.＋-al：nature →natural自然的；天生的
③n.＋-ful：colour→colourful颜色鲜艳的
④n.＋-en：wood→wooden木质的
⑤n.＋-y：wealth→wealthy富有的
(2)名词转换为动词
提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。
①加前缀en-：courage→encourage 鼓励
danger→ endanger 危及；使遭到危险
②加后缀-en：strength →strengthen 加强
③加后缀-ize：apology →apologize 道歉
[课堂点评]
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角度3 提示词为形容词/副词
考向1 考查词性转换
[典例1] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) No matter where I buy them，though，one steamer basket is ________ (rare) enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left wanting more next time.
解析：rarely 考查副词。此处enough为形容词，其前应用副词修饰，故填rarely“几乎不”。
[典例2] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) So，what are they learning？________ (basic)，how to describe a panda's life.
解析：Basically 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处作副词修饰整个句子。由于本空位于句首，首字母需要大写，所以空处需要填Basically。句意：那么，他们在学什么呢？总的来说，他们在学习如何描述大熊猫的生活。
[典例3] (2022·全国乙卷) China has a ________ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
解析：responsibility 考查词性转换。句意：中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
[典例4] (新高考Ⅰ卷) The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will ________ (undoubted)help you get refreshed!
解析：undoubtedly 考查词性转换。句意：山脚下的温泉是你爬完山后必须要尝试的东西。它毫无疑问会帮助你变得精神焕发！根据句意，空处修饰谓语，应用副词形式。
[技法点拨]
(1)锁定“________ (提示词为形容词)＋形容词”模式，要考虑用副词修饰形容词表示程度；
(2)锁定“________ (提示词为形容词)＋动词(短语)”或“动词(短语)＋________ (提示词为形容词)”模式，要考虑用副词修饰动词(短语)；
(3)锁定“________ (提示词为形容词)＋句子”模式，则要考虑用副词修饰整个句子。
(4)如果提示词为形容词，空格处既不填副词，也不填比较等级，并且空格处缺主语或宾语时，考虑将形容词转换为名词；
(5)不属于上述情况，考虑加表示否定的词缀un-，im-， -less等。
考向2 考查比较等级
提示词是形容词或副词，根据语境和句意，该词词性不变，意思不变，则可能填该词的原级、比较级或最高级。
[典例1] (2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the ________ (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska，which became a national monument in 1978，took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
解析：largest 考查形容词的最高级。句意：黄石国家公园曾是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念地的阿拉斯加南部的雷恩格尔-圣伊利亚斯在1980年升格为国家公园，占地1230万英亩。分析句子成分和句意可知，此处指黄石国家公园曾是美国最大的国家公园，应用large的最高级形式。故填largest。
[典例2] (2023·浙江卷1月) Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________ (simple)in design and decoration，and the hutongs were narrower.
解析：simpler 考查形容词比较级。空处与空前的smaller相呼应，表示在设计和装饰方面更简单，所以空处填simpler。
[典例3] (2022·全国乙卷) As a main promoter of the International Tea Day，the birthplace of tea and the ________ (large) tea-producing country，China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
解析：largest 考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
[典例4] (新高考Ⅰ卷) The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets，the ________ (hot) the spring!
解析：hotter 考查形容词比较级。句意：有关春天让人感到惊叹的就是：气温越冷，春天就越热。此处是固定结构“the ＋比较级，the＋比较级”，意为：“越……，越……”故填hotter。
[典例5] (全国甲卷) After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall，we decided it was time for some action and what ________ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
解析：better 考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比在一段历史上驰骋更好的呢。根据空后的比较级提示词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。
[技法点拨]
(1)标志词确定等级法
①设空后含有than ...结构时，用比较级；含有as时可能用形容词/副词原级。
②设空前有用来修饰比较级的词语much，far，even，rather，any (否定或疑问句中)，a little，a bit，a great deal及倍数(twice，three times)等用形容词/副词比较级。
③设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等，用形容词/副词最高级。
④设空前有 one of the，the＋序数词，by far the等修饰词，用形容词/副词最高级。
(2)利用固定句型
①“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”表示“越……，(就)越……”
②比较级＋and＋比较级，表示“越来越……”
③“否定词＋比较级”结构，表最高级含义。
④倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as。
(3)利用隐含信息判断
句中虽没有than等标志词，但暗含比较级，也用比较级。
角度4 提示词为代词
[典例1] (2024·全国甲卷)This area，with ________ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty，must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park.
解析：its 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：这个地区有着独特而令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为一个国家公园得到良好的保护，以供全国人民欣赏。分析句子成分可知，空处修饰名词短语“unique and breathtaking natural beauty”，应用it的形容词性物主代词形式。故填its。
[典例2] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ________ (they) contents.
解析：their 考查代词。此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语，修饰空后的名词contents，表示“不会使包子开裂，或者溢出包子里的任何东西”。
[典例3] (2022·全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony，opening ________ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
解析：its 考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
[典例4] (新高考Ⅰ卷) As the song goes，this long and winding road “will never disappear”，and it will always stick in the visitor's memory.It sure does in ________ (I)．
解析：mine 考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句does指代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
[典例5] (浙江卷6月) She was extremely pretty，and her house was a reflection of ________ (she)，everything in good taste and in perfect order.
解析：herself 考查代词。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，应用反身代词。故填herself。
[典例6] (全国Ⅲ卷) I tell my mom that if we're forced to eat things，we may become ill.But she insists on ________ (we) eating healthy food.
解析：us 考查代词。根据句意(我告诉我妈妈，如果我们被迫吃东西，我们可能会生病。但是她坚持让我们吃健康的食品)可知，此处人称代词应用宾格us。
[技法点拨]
当句中缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下设空处所填代词是否与前文提到的人或物有指代关系。
①作主语：人称代词主格(I，we，you，he，she，they，it)、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词(ours，mine，yours，his，hers，theirs，its)。
②作宾语：人称代词宾格(me，us，you，him，her，them，it)、名词性物主代词、不定代词。
③作表语：人称代词宾格、不定代词或名词性物主代词。
④作定语：形容词性物主代词(our，my，your，his，her，their，its)。
⑤作宾语、表语或同位语且反射句子的主语，用反身代词(myself，ourselves，yourself，yourselves，himself，herself，itself，themselves)，同时注意单复数的变化。
⑥填it的情况：a.作形式主语或形式宾语；b.指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况；c.固定搭配，如make it “成功；按时到达”；get it “理解，明白”。
[课堂点评]
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A
The Chinese couplet(对联)refers to two poetic lines obeying certain rules，often written on red paper for 1.________ (appreciate)．
As a form of Chinese literature，the couplet 2.________ (vary) in content and style.Some express people's love to their motherland，some describe the beauty of nature，3.________ some convey best wishes for the coming year.
巧刷模拟
·巩固提高
Chinese couplets originated in the Five Dynasties，and 4.________(become) ubiquitous (无处不在的) in the Ming and Qing dynasties.It was the custom for people 5.________ (hang) peach wood charms to drive away evil spirits during the Spring Festival.Nowadays，couplets are used 6.________ a similar way.
It was said that the 7.________ (early) couplet was written by Meng Chang，king of Later Shu and it was 8.________(extreme) popular in the Northern Song Dynasty.Since the Ming Dynasty，to write couplets 9.________(regard) as a mark of the cultured life of scholars.
The couplet has two equal-length lines.However，10.________ number of characters in each line can be from four to seven or more.The first and the second lines have opposite tone patterns.The last character of the first line is of an oblique tone (仄声)，and its opposite in the second line，is of a level tone (平声)．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国对联的寓意、目的、起源等。
1．解析：appreciation 考查词性转换。根据空前的for可知，该空应填名词作for的宾语，动词appreciate的名词形式为appreciation；再结合句意可知，此处表示“欣赏”，是不可数名词。故填appreciation。
2．解析：varies 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。该句讲的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；作主语的the couplet表第三人称单数概念，谓语动词应用单数形式；主语和vary之间是主动关系。故填varies。句意：作为中国文学的一种形式，对联的内容和风格各不相同。
3．解析：and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处应填连词，连接三个句子。根据语境可知，此处表并列关系，故填and。句意：有的表达了人们对祖国的爱，有的描述了自然的美丽，有的表达了对来年的美好祝愿。
4．解析：became 考查动词的时态。根据后文的时间状语“in the Ming and Qing dynasties”可知，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填became。
5．解析：to hang 考查动词不定式。此处考查固定句型“It is/was the custom( for sb.) to do sth.”，意为：“根据传统……”该句型中It作形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式短语。故填to hang。
6．解析：in 考查介词。此处考查固定表达。该句指人们如今用类似的方式来使用对联，in a similar way“用类似的方式”，故填in。
7．解析：earliest 考查形容词的最高级。根据空前的“the”和语境可知，此处表示据说最早的对联是后蜀主孟昶所写，所以该空应填形容词early的最高级，故填earliest。
8．解析：extremely 考查词性转换。修饰形容词用副词，空处修饰形容词“popular”，故填extremely。
9．解析：has been regarded 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Since the Ming Dynasty”可知，该空应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作持续到现在；句子的主语to write couplets与regard之间为被动关系；主语to write couplets为非谓语动词短语，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填has been regarded。
10．解析：the 考查冠词。此处指每行中的字数从4到7或更多，the number of为固定短语，表示“……的数量”，故填the。
B
Today，giant pandas are considered to be one of the world's best-known animals.People make huge efforts 11.________ (protect)them and luckily their efforts are paying off in some areas.12.________(global)recognized as a leading symbol of both China and nature conservation in general，giant pandas are popular in the world.But global interest in the animal only 13.________(take)off in the 20th century.
The inspiration for WWF's logo (标识) came from Chi Chi，14.________ giant panda that was living at London Zoo in 1961 when WWF was founded.Being aware of the need for a remarkable symbol to break
through all language barriers，one of WWF's 15.________ (founder)agreed to make the big furry panda with her distinctive black and white coat a great logo.The first pieces 16.________ were done by the British environmentalist and artist Gerald Watterson became modestly successful.Later，17.________(base)on these drafts，Sir Peter Scott，drew the first logo.He said at the time，“We want an animal that is beautiful and endangered，and is loved for its 18.________(attract) qualities.We also want an animal that is black and white to cut printing costs.To our relief，we make 19.________ eventually.”
The panda has ever since become a symbol not just for WWF，20.________ for the conservation movement as well.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了大熊猫被公认为中国和自然保护的象征的由来。
11．解析：to protect 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，此处是非谓语动词短语作目的状语，故填动词不定式形式。句意：人们付出了巨大的努力来保护它们，而且幸运的是，他们的努力在一些地区得到了回报。
12．解析：Globally 考查副词。空处修饰过去分词recognized，应用副词作状语，注意单词的首字母应大写。句意：大熊猫被全球公认为是中国和自然保护的主要象征，在世界上很受欢迎。
13．解析：took 考查动词的时态。短语take off作谓语，根据时间状语“in the 20th century”可知，应用一般过去时。
14．解析：a 考查冠词。空处修饰单数名词giant panda，表泛指，应用不定冠词，giant的发音以辅音音素开头。
15．解析：founders 考查名词单复数。根据空前的one of可知，应用名词的复数形式，故填founders。
16．解析：that 考查定语从句。句意：英国环保主义者和艺术家杰拉尔德·沃特森(Gerald Watterson)的第一批作品取得了一定的成功。分析可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词pieces，关系词在从句中作主语并且先行词前面有序数词修饰，应用that。
17．解析：based 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语。be based on“基于”，故用过去分词短语作状语，故填based。
18．解析：attractive 考查形容词。空处修饰名词作定语，应用形容词。
19．解析： it 考查固定搭配。make it“获得成功”，是固定短语。
20．解析：but 考查连词。not just ...but ...“不仅……而且……”，是固定用法。句意：从那时起，大熊猫不仅成为世界自然基金会的象征，而且也成为保护运动的象征。
第一节 有提示词类
细研真题
·解锁疑难
角度1 提示词为动词
考向1 谓语动词
1．动词的时态——4个技巧搞定谓语动词的时态
首先，分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但设空处与之是并列关系，设空处就用谓语动词。填谓语动词时，一定要根据时间状语、上下文或并列谓语判断动词的时态和语态。此外注意谓语动词的单复数是否和主语保持一致。
技巧1 时间状语判断法
[典例1] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Further，the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road，by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time ...The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors...
解析：walks 考查谓语动词。纵观全句，没有谓语动词，故此处应填谓语动词。句子的主语是“ the Silk Route Garden”，与walk之间是主动关系，walk 在此为及物动词。根据“The garden also contains a winding path that guides”可知，整个段落是一般现在时，因此，此处也应用一般现在时第三人称的单数形式。
[典例2] (2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years，some supermarkets ________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
解析：have started 考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
[典例3] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)As a little girl，I ________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
解析：wished 考查时态。根据空前的时间状语“As a little girl”和空后的“when I grew up”可知，空处讲的是作者小时候的愿望，故时态应用一般过去时，所以空处需要填wished。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望我长大后成为一名动物园管理员。
[典例4] (2022·全国甲卷) In the last five years，Cao ________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents ...
解析：has walked 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家……根据时间状语“in the last five years”可知，应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
[典例5] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________ (be) previously unprotected，bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
解析：were 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为“a significant number of areas”，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知，从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语为复数，从句谓语用复数形式。故填were。
[典例6] (新高考Ⅰ卷) You can't help wondering how hard it ________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks in place.
解析：was 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：你不禁想知道对于那时的人们来说把所有的石头搬到正确的地方有多么困难。根据 then 可知，此处应用一般过去时；从句主语为 it，故填 was。考生易因主句中的谓语can't help 而错填is。
[典例7] (新高考Ⅰ卷) The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，________ (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
解析：formed 考查时态。句意：例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。分析句子结构可知，“collected by Sir Hans Sloane”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词objects，故空处是谓语动词，根据该句时间状语“in 1759”可知，主句谓语所表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。主语objects与form是主动关系，故填formed。
[技法点拨]
在高考语法填空中，有时会给出时间标志，可根据所给时间状语确定对应时态。
①一般现在时：sometimes，every week/day/year/morning等。
②一般过去时：then，yesterday，last week/night/year/month，the other day，in＋过去的年份，时间段＋ago，时间段＋later等。
③现在进行时：look，listen，now，at present，at this moment/time等。
④过去进行时：at that time/moment等。
⑤一般将来时：tomorrow，next week/year，in＋时间段，in the future等。
⑥将来进行时：at six/this time tomorrow等。
⑦现在完成时：since＋时间点，recently，lately，already，so far，ever since，up to/until/by now，during/over/in the last/past＋时间段，in/over recent＋时间段等。
⑧过去完成时：by then，until then，by/before/till the end of＋过去的时间点等。
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技巧2 参考语境和并列谓语
[典例1] (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about ________ (be) also Shakespeare's concerns.I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar...
解析：were 考查谓语动词。空处为本句谓语动词，根据语境以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“Some of the things”，复数。
[典例2] (2023·全国乙卷) The remarkable development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world，________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
解析：means 考查时态和主谓一致。设空处前后的句子为一般现在时，此处也应用一般现在时；句子的主语为“The remarkable development of this city”，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填means。
[典例3] (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) He quickly ________ (throw) his tools aside，and started running，arms out.
解析：threw 考查时态。设空处与and 后面的 started为并列谓语，故空处用一般过去时，故填过去式threw。
[技法点拨]
(1)语境理解少不了：题干中没给出具体的时间状语时，应仔细分析设空处所在句前后句子中的谓语动词的时态，弄清动作发生的时间及顺序，确定所填谓语动词的时态。
(2)瞻前顾后找并列：①可根据并列连词and，but，or，as well as，rather than，both ...and ...，neither ...nor ...，either ...or ...，not only ...but also ...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态；②同一个主语连接两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。
技巧3 时态呼应判断法
[典例1] (全国乙卷) Make sure that the tourism ________ (provide) positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
解析：provides 考查谓语动词的时态和语态。make sure后接宾语从句，谓语常用一般现在时，主语是the tourism，故谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填provides。
[典例2] (新高考Ⅰ卷) The rolling sea of clouds you see once you ________ (be) at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are.
解析：are 考查谓语动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处在once引导的从句中作谓语，主句谓语是一般将来时，故once引导的从句用一般现在时，主语是you，故填are。
[典例3] (全国Ⅰ卷)“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，says，“because it ________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ________ (construct)．”
解析：means；is constructed 考查谓语动词的时态和语态。主句是一般现在时，故because引导的从句也用一般现在时，主语是it，该处谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填means。第二空是how引导的宾语从句的谓语动词，主语“the moon”与动词“construct”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，第一空后的宾语从句是一般现在时，该处用一般现在时，又因主语“the moon”是单数，故填is constructed。
[技法点拨]
①在时间、条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；主句用一般过去时，从句用一般过去时。
②在宾语从句中，如主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去的某种时态；从句表客观事实或真理，用一般现在时。
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技巧4 固定句型判断法
[典例1] (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) Henry ________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams.He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
解析：was fixing 考查时态和主谓一致。此处是固定句式was/were doing ...when ...表示：“正在做……这时……”此处为Henry正在修车，这时他突然听到尖叫声。主语为第三人称单数，故填 was fixing。
[典例2] No sooner had I reached the finishing line than the audience ________ (begin) to cheer.
解析：began 考查时态。分析句子结构可知，此句为“no sooner ...than”结构，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，故填began。
[典例3] Last year，a professor of Behavioral Ecology discovered that crows are able to use tools on complex orders.This was the first time that such behavior ________ (observe) in an non-human animal.
解析：had been observed 考查时态和被动语态。此处考查固定句型“This was the first time that ...”，从句应用过去完成时，主语behavior与observe之间形成被动关系，故填 had been observed。
[技法点拨]
①祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时。
②This/It/That is/was＋the＋序数词＋time＋(that)从句，从句用现在/过去完成时。
③It is/has been＋时间段＋since sb./sth.did ...
④sb.was/were doing sth.when sb./sth.did ...
⑤no sooner/hardly had sb.done sth.than/when sb./sth.did ...
⑥by the time＋sb./sth.did，主语＋had done ...
2.动词的语态
解题时首先要找出句子的主语，然后确定主语与动词之间的关系：主语是动作的发出者，动词则用主动语态；主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。只有及物动词(短语)才有被动语态。系动词和不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。
[典例1] (2024·全国甲卷)What should ________ (do) with such a beautiful place
解析：be done 考查语态。本句是一个特殊疑问句，疑问词 what 是句子的主语，且与 do 之间是被动关系，由于谓语部分有情态动词 should，故此处应填 be done。
[典例2] (2024·浙江卷1月)However，though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages，it would help even more if they could sometimes ________ (offer) in smaller packs.Even the biggest sausage fan doesn't want to eat them every day.
解析：be offered 考查语态。分析句子结构可知，offer作动词，意为“提供”，主语“they”代指前文中的“sausages”，与offer构成被动关系。且空前有情态动词could。故应填be offered。
[典例3] (2023·全国乙卷) Having visited several times over the last 10 years，I ________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new，and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
解析：am amazed 考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我来过几次，我惊叹于新与旧的共存，以及一个城市如何能够在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的遗产。根据上下文语境可知，此处陈述客观情况，应用一般现在时；I和amaze之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填am amazed。
[典例4] (2023·全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still ________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
解析：be employed 考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词。主语“a simple literary form”和动词“employ” 之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。空前是情态动词，故填be employed。
[典例5] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP ________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性)of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer zones，and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”．
解析：is designed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语“The GPNP”之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数，谓语用单数形式。故填is designed。
[技法点拨]
(1)牢记常考的几种时态的被动语态
①一般现在时：am/is/are done；②一般过去时：was/were done；③一般将来时：will be done；④过去将来时：would be done；⑤现在进行时：am/is/are being done；⑥过去进行时：was/were being done；⑦现在完成时：has/have been done；⑧过去完成时：had been done。
(2)含有情态动词的被动语态形式：情态动词＋be done。
(3)①牢记常考的不及物动词(短语)：remain，happen，occur，take place，measure (量起来)，break out，come about，run out，give out，come into existence等。②无被动语态的及物动词及短语： have，belong to，consist of，pay off，date back to/date from等。
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3.主谓一致
[典例1] (2024·九省联考卷)He feels that neat handwriting ________ (be) still an important skill，so he has his students write not only by hand but also with old-fashioned fountain pens.
解析：is 考查时态和主谓一致。空处作谓语，本句陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语“handwriting”为不可数名词，应用动词的第三人称单数形式。
[典例2] (新高考Ⅱ卷) Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic，I'd send an email.One of the biggest companies I wrote to ________ (be) Alaska Airlines.
解析：was 考查时态和主谓一致。根据前一句的谓语动词时态和定语从句的谓语动词“wrote”可知，此处描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；“one of＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”结构中，谓语动词用单数，故填was。
[典例3] (新高考Ⅱ卷) Because the number of possible topics ________ (be) practically limitless，we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology.
解析：is 考查时态和主谓一致。the number of “……的数目”，后接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用单数。根据主句的时态可知，从句用一般现在时，故填is。
[典例4] (全国Ⅱ卷) This is why decorating with plants，fruits and flowers ________ (carry) special significance.
解析：carries 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语“decorating with plants，fruits and flowers”，所以谓语动词用单数形式，故填carries。
[典例5] Johnathan，as well as his fellow workers，________ (resign) from the company since it announced its transformation plan.
解析：has resigned 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。根据since引导的时间状语从句可知，空处应用现在完成时；主语是“A，as well as B”结构，谓语动词的单复数应与A一致，Johnathan为第三人称单数形式，且与resign形成主动关系，故填has resigned。句意：自从公司宣布改革计划之后，Johnathan和他的同事们就辞职了。
[技法点拨]
(1)一致原则：①主语从句、不可数名词、单数名词，表示距离、时间、金钱等的名词、不定式(短语)或动名词(短语)或不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；②定语从句谓语动词的单复数与其所修饰的名词或代词的单复数保持一致。
(2)就近原则：①or，either ...or ...，neither ...nor ...，not only ...but (also) ...，not ...but ...等连接并列主语时；②在there/here be 句式中，谓语动词与最邻近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
(3)就远原则：“名词＋介词(with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/in addition to/including等)＋名词”作主语，谓语动词与第一个名词或代词在单复数上保持一致。
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考向2 词性转换
提示词为动词，如果既不是谓语动词，也不是非谓语动词，则考虑动词词性转换，动词是转换成名词还是形容词，则根据句式结构以及空格所作成分进一步分析。
[典例1] (2024·浙江卷1月)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ________ (criticize) that they lead to waste.
解析：criticism 考查词性转换。根据空前的“because of the”可知，空处应用名词作宾语。空后的that引导同位语从句，说明空处名词的具体内容。
[典例2] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot，________ (taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
解析：tasty 考查词性转换。空处与空前的形容词hot并列，修饰空后的名词soup，故空处填形容词tasty。
[典例3] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) Since June 2017，right before the ________ (arrive) of the two new pandas，Meng Meng and Jiao Qing，I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
解析：arrival 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作介词before的宾语，跟在定冠词the的后面，需要用名词，arrive的名词形式是arrival。故填arrival。
[典例4] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas，which are on loan from China.
解析：visiting 考查词性转换。句意：他们和许多国际游客以及来访的中国动物饲养员交谈，这些饲养员经常来查看大熊猫，这些大熊猫是从中国借出的。设空处修饰“Chinese zookeepers”，应该使用形容词形式，意为“访问的，客座的”。故填 visiting。
[典例5] (2023·全国甲卷) However，Carson's theme is a more weighty ________ (warn) about environmental destruction.
解析：warning 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空前有冠词和形容词修饰，故空处应填名词warning。句意：然而，卡森的主题是一个更有分量的关于环境破坏的警告。
[典例6] (2022·全国甲卷) Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road，in order to promote environmental ________ (protect)．
解析：protection 考查词性转换。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，应用名词作宾语。故填protection。
[技法点拨]
(1)动词转换为形容词
①v.＋ -able转换为形容词
accept→acceptable可接受的
adapt→adaptable能适应的
②v.＋-ed/-ing转换为形容词
confuse→confused感到困惑的
excite→exciting令人激动的；令人兴奋的
③v.＋词缀-ive转换为形容词
impress→impressive给人深刻印象的
instruct→instructive有教育意义的
④v.＋词缀-ful/-less转换为形容词
doubt→doubtful怀疑的
hope→hopeless不抱希望的
(2)动词转换为名词
①v.＋-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为”
celebrate→celebration庆祝
compete→competition比赛
②v.＋-ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果”
achieve→achievement成就
argue→argument争论，论据
③v.＋-er/-or 转换为名词，表示“人”
perform→performer表演者
educate→educator教育家
visit→visitor访问者
[课堂点评]
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考向3 非谓语动词
首先，分析句子成分，所给提示词是动词时，若句中已有谓语动词，又不是作并列谓语时，则要考虑填非谓语动词。
1．非谓语动词作主语和表语——成分分析法
[典例1] (2024·九省联考卷)He knows that computers are here ________(stay) and that they will not disappear.However，he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus，to write faster，and...
解析：to stay 考查非谓语动词。根据空前的动词are可知，空处应填不定式作表语，be to do为固定搭配，表示“必定会”，是对未来的一种推测。
[典例2] (2025·全国一卷)“We hope ________(present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”
解析：to present 考查非谓语动词。hope to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“希望做某事”。故填to present。
[典例3] (新高考Ⅱ卷)These days，it is not unusual for 10- to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders ________ (begin) computer classes.
解析：to begin 考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站，二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课，这些都很常见。此处是“It is ＋ adj.＋ for sb.to do sth.”句式，it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。故填to begin。
[典例4] (全国Ⅲ卷) On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ________ (get) there.
解析： to get 考查非谓语动词。it takes/took (sb.) some time to do sth.为固定句式，意为“花费(某人)多长时间做某事”，该句式中it为形式主语，后面的不定式(短语)为真正的主语。设空处应用动词不定式形式，故填to get。
[典例5] (全国Ⅲ卷) I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel ________ (challenge)．
解析：challenged 考查非谓语动词。设空在句中作表语，表“受到挑战的”，故用过去分词作表语。本题易误填challenging，但是challenging “富有挑战性的”，表某物或某事具有的性质和特征，不符合语境。
[典例6] In addition to providing visitors with a rare insight into the world of art conservation ________ (conduct) the treatments in original place allows the sculptures to be treated in the same natural light in which they are being exhibited currently.
解析：conducting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，空处作非谓语动词，应用动词-ing形式作主语，故填conducting。
[技法点拨]
1．非谓语动词作主语
(1)句中缺少主语，找到句子的谓语部分，确定应用动词-ing形式还是动词不定式作主语。
(2)表抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用doing，表具体某一次的动作用to do。
(3)掌握用动词的-ing形式/不定式作主语的句型：
①It's ＋adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth.
②It's no use/no good/fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth.
③It takes sb.＋ some time/money ＋to do sth.
④It's worthwhile doing/to do sth.
2．非谓语动词作表语
非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式。
(1)动词-ing形式作表语，修饰物，意为“令人感到……的”；
(2)过去分词作表语，修饰人，意为“本身感到……的”；
(3)动词不定式作表语，表示将来或目的。
2.非谓语动词作宾语——句型公式法
提示词是动词： ①若句中已有谓语，且设空处不是作并列谓语而是作介词或动词(短语)的宾语时，应用非谓语动词doing/to do；②利用逻辑主语和非谓语动词的关系确定形式(主谓关系：doing/to do；动宾关系：being done/to be done)。
[典例1] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) To eat one，you have to decide whether ________ (bite) a small hole in it first，releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出) ...
解析：to bite 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词have to decide，设空处与whether连用构成“wh-＋to do”结构，作decide的宾语，故填to bite。
[典例2] (2023·全国乙卷) As a photographer，I have spent the last two years ________ (record) everything I discovered.
解析：recording 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词have spent，设空处应用动词的非谓语形式。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定句型，意为“花费时间做某事”，故填recording。
[典例3] (全国乙卷) Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim ________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
解析：to have 考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动包括从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿力求对自然环境影响小。根据aim to do “旨在，目的是”的用法可知，该处填to have作宾语。
[典例4] (全国乙卷) Minimize the impact of ________ (visit) the place.
解析：visiting 考查非谓语动词。句意：使参观这个地方的影响最小化。空前是介词of，应填动名词形式作介词of的宾语，故填visiting。
[典例5] (全国Ⅱ卷) This is why decorating with plants，fruits and flowers carries special significance.They represent the earth ________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
解析：coming 考查非谓语动词。句意：这就是带有树、水果和花的装饰赋有特殊意义的原因。他们象征着地球焕发新的生机和对新的开始的祝福。句中谓语动词为represent，设空处作represent的宾语。the earth是其逻辑主语，与come back to之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词的-ing形式作宾语。故填coming。
[典例6] (全国Ⅰ卷) Scientists have responded by ________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements，leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
解析：noting 考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们已做出回应，指出饥饿的熊可能聚集在人类居住地附近，导致熊的数量比实际数量要多的错觉。设空处作介词by的宾语，应用动词的-ing形式作宾语，故填noting。by doing sth.“通过做某事”。note在本句中意为“特别提到；指出”。
[典例7] (全国Ⅱ卷) A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ________ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
解析：being 考查非谓语动词。句意：一位90岁的老人被授予“年度女性”称号，因为她是英国年龄最大的全职员工——目前仍然每周工作40个小时。分析句子成分可知，设空处作介词for的宾语，应用动词的-ing形式作宾语，故填being。
[典例8] (浙江卷) But some students didn't want ________ (wear) the uniform.
解析：to wear 考查非谓语动词。句意：但是一些学生并不想穿校服。want to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“想要做某事”，故填to wear。
[技法点拨]
牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构
①介词(but/except除外)之后加动名词作宾语，注意“to”的身份识别。
②若非谓语动词作如下动词(短语)的宾语，则应填不定式：agree，afford，choose，decide，expect，fail，hope，manage，offer，pretend，plan，promise，refuse，want，wish，would like，determine等。
③若非谓语动词作如下动词(短语)的宾语，则应填动词的-ing形式：avoid，admit，allow，advise，consider，escape，enjoy，keep，finish，include，mind，miss，practice，recommend，suggest，feel like，get down to，can't help (情不自禁)等。
④go on，mean，forget，regret，remember，stop，try等可接动词的-ing形式或不定式作宾语，应结合语境和动词(短语)用法确定填动词的-ing形式或不定式作宾语。
⑤believe/consider/find/feel/make/think＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。
⑥sth.want/need/require/deserve＋doing/to be done 动名词作宾语，主动形式表被动。
[课堂点评]
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3.非谓语动词作定语——关系分析法
[典例1] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) Shanghai may be the ________ (recognize) home of the soup dumpling，but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace.
解析：recognized 考查非谓语动词。此处表示“得到认可的小笼包的发源地”。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词home，且与home之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词recognized。
[典例2] (2023·全国乙卷) From Buddhist temples to museums，narrow hutong to royal palaces，it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout，with the city keeping its carefully ________ (build) system of ring roads.
解析：built 考查非谓语动词。设空处所在句中已有系动词is，且无并列连词连接，故设空处应为非谓语动词；动词build与其逻辑主语system为动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填built。
[典例3] (2023·全国甲卷) Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message ________ (intend) for everyone.
解析：intended 考查非谓语动词。本句有系动词is，设空处应为非谓语动词，分析句式结构可知，设空处作定语，修饰message。动词intend与message之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填intended。
[典例4] (2023·浙江卷1月) In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Forbidden City，________ (surround) in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
解析：surrounded 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，was是谓语动词，且没有并列连词，故设空处需用非谓语形式作定语。the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填surrounded。
[典例5] (2022·全国乙卷) It can help to build a community with a ________ (share) future for mankind.
解析：shared 考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。分析句式结构可知，此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
[典例6] (2022·全国甲卷) A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an，as a first step ________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
解析：to journey 考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
[典例7] (2022·全国甲卷) Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for Interactional Cooperation ________ (hold) in Beijing，Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
解析：held 考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句式结构可知，句中已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填held。
[技法点拨]
(1)动词-ing形式(短语)作定语
①动词-ing形式(短语)作定语表示主动、正在进行；
②若表示被动且正在发生的动作用being done 结构；
③表示心理状态的动词-ing形式的形容词，意为“令人……的”。
(2)过去分词(短语)作定语
①过去分词(短语)作定语表示被动、完成；
②动词-ed形式的形容词，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可作定语修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。
(3)动词不定式作定语
①看到由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词(代词)常用动词不定式作定语；
②看到由the only，the last，the next等修饰的名词(代词)常用动词不定式作定语；
③看到被修饰的名词(代词)是ability，attempt，chance，desire，eagerness，potential，reason，right，something，anything，time，way，wish等词时，常用动词不定式作定语。
[课堂点评]
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4.非谓语动词作状语和补语——厘清逻辑关系
[典例1] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days ________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
解析：to give 考查非谓语动词。空处为不定式短语作目的状语，表示：“为了给……提供……”
[典例2] (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion，Edmondson said...
解析：Recalling 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词作状语，主语Edmondson和动词recall之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式；位于句首，首字母大写。
[典例3] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
解析：to be lifted 考查非谓语动词。此处为“allow sth.to be done”结构，意为“允许某事被做”，to do作宾补，此处表示小笼包被提起，设空处与宾语them构成被动关系，故用不定式的被动式，故填to be lifted。
[典例4] (2023·全国甲卷) For thousands of years，people have told fables (寓言) ________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
解析：to teach 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词have told，设空处应用动词的非谓语形式作目的状语，故用动词不定式。故填to teach。
[典例5] (2023·全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins，________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
解析：borrowing 考查非谓语动词。设空处前面有谓语动词begins，且两者之间没有连词连接；分析句子结构可知设空处为非谓语动词作状语，her fable与borrow之间为逻辑上主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填borrowing。
[典例6] (2022·全国甲卷)He flew 4，700 kilometers from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept.20，________ (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
解析：planning 考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4，700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词flew，故设空处为分词短语作伴随状语。plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，故填planning。
[典例7] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park，the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
解析：Covering 考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句式结构可知设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为主谓关系，因此用现在分词形式作状语。故填Covering。
[技法点拨]
1．2个技巧确定非谓语动词作状语
(1)逻辑关系分析法
①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系：表目的用to do；表出乎意料的结果用only to do；表时间/条件/原因/让步/伴随/自然而然的结果用doing。
②提示词与主语是逻辑上的动宾关系：表动作还未发生用to be done；表动作已经发生用done。
(2)固定句型用法
①主语＋be＋形容词(easy，hard，interesting，pleasant，safe等)＋to do，不定式与句子主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，并且不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
②too＋ adj./adv.＋ to do；adj./adv.＋enough ＋to do，so ＋adj./adv.＋ as to do，such ＋名词＋as to do ...，不定式作结果状语。
③主语＋表情绪的形容词(excited，happy，anxious，satisfied，delighted，angry等)＋to do，不定式作原因状语。
2．2个技巧确定非谓语动词作补语
(1)逻辑关系分析法
①主语或宾语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系，用doing/(to) do。
②提示词与主语或宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系：表被动/完成用done；表被动将来用to be done；表被动进行用being done。
(2)固定搭配和句型用法
①常用动词不定式作宾补：allow，ask，beg，command，encourage，expect，forbid，invite，persuade，tell等。
②用省略to的不定式作宾补的动词：“五”看；“三”使；“两”听；“一”感觉。look at/see/watch/notice/observe，make/let/have，hear/listen to，feel。注意：在被动语态中作主语补足语要还原to，如be made to do。
③常用现在分词作宾补的动词：have，get，leave，find，keep，see，notice，watch，hear，feel，catch等。
④常用过去分词作宾补的动词：have，make，get，leave，find，keep，see，notice，watch，hear，feel，want等。
角度2 提示词为名词
考向1 考查名词的单复数
若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的复数，同时注意不规则变化的情况。
[典例1] (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Although they could never have met，there are common ________ (theme) in their works，said Paul Edmondson，head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
解析：themes 考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词are可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。
[典例2] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) They also need to be ready to give ________ (interview) in English with international journalists.
解析：interviews 考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处作动词give的宾语，需要用名词。根据空后的“with international journalists”(和国际记者)可知，空处表示复数意义，所以空处需要填interviews。
[典例3] (2023·全国乙卷) But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life，with 21st-century architectural ________ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
解析：wonders 考查名词复数。wonder在此表示“奇迹，奇观”，是可数名词，其前无限定词修饰，应用复数。故填wonders。
[典例4] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ________ (population) and homes of giant pandas，and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
解析：populations 考查名词复数。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列，在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数形式。故填populations。
[典例5] (新高考Ⅰ卷) The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ________ (human)are.
解析：humans 考查名词复数。句意：一旦你到达山顶，你看到的滚动的云海会提醒你，我们人类是多么渺小。空处作 we 的同位语，同位语要与其前的名词或代词的单复数保持一致。根据空前的we可知，空处应用复数形式。
[技法点拨]
(1)利用名词前的修饰语，确定名词的单复数形式
①不定冠词a，an后用单数名词。
②名词前有one of the，among时用复数名词。
③名词前有these，those，many，several，few，a few，a number of，hundreds of，a couple of，a dozen of，all，both，other等词时，填复数名词。
④名词前有大于或等于2的基数词，如two，three等时，填复数名词。
⑤名词前有形容词different，various等时，填复数名词。
(2)利用谓语的单复数确定名词的单复数
①所填名词作主语，且谓语动词是复数形式are，were，have等，填复数名词。
②所填名词作主语，且谓语动词是单数，则填单数名词。
(3)牢记习惯上用复数形式的名词或短语
belongings/possessions “财物”；congratulations “祝贺”；surroundings “环境”；good manners “礼貌”；take turns “轮流”；take pains “努力”；in all directions “向四面八方”；in ruins “成为废墟”；in high spirits “兴致勃勃”；living conditions “生活条件”；make preparations for “为……做准备”等。
考向2 词性转换
[典例1] (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international ________ (visible)，said Edmondson，adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers.
解析：visibility 考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。
[典例2] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) Since June 2017，right before the arrival of the two new pandas，Meng Meng and Jiao Qing，I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ________ (confidence) speaking English.
解析：confident 考查词性转换。根据空前的并列连词and可知，空处与空前的形容词comfortable并列，同作feel的表语，因此，空处也需要填形容词。故填confident。
[典例3] (2023·全国乙卷)The ________ (remark) development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world，means there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
解析：remarkable 考查词性转换。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词development，应用形容词。故填remarkable“非凡的，卓越的”。
[典例4] (2023·全国甲卷)__________ (difference) from traditional fables，Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
解析：Different 考查词性转换。 be different from“与……不同”是固定短语，此处作状语，去掉be动词，且空处位于句首，单词首字母要大写。故填Different。
[典例5] (2022·全国甲卷) Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ________ (meaning)．
解析：meaningful 考查词性转换。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
[典例6] (全国乙卷) Provide ________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
解析：financial 考查词性转换。句意：为当地的人们提供金融和其他的援助。空处在名词aid之前，应用形容词作定语。故填financial。
[技法点拨]
(1)名词转换为形容词
提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词时，则一般考查名词变形容词。注意名词变形容词的后缀：
①n.＋-able：honor →honorable可敬的
②n.＋-al：nature →natural自然的；天生的
③n.＋-ful：colour→colourful颜色鲜艳的
④n.＋-en：wood→wooden木质的
⑤n.＋-y：wealth→wealthy富有的
(2)名词转换为动词
提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。
①加前缀en-：courage→encourage 鼓励
danger→ endanger 危及；使遭到危险
②加后缀-en：strength →strengthen 加强
③加后缀-ize：apology →apologize 道歉
[课堂点评]
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角度3 提示词为形容词/副词
考向1 考查词性转换
[典例1] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) No matter where I buy them，though，one steamer basket is ________ (rare) enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left wanting more next time.
解析：rarely 考查副词。此处enough为形容词，其前应用副词修饰，故填rarely“几乎不”。
[典例2] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) So，what are they learning？________ (basic)，how to describe a panda's life.
解析：Basically 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处作副词修饰整个句子。由于本空位于句首，首字母需要大写，所以空处需要填Basically。句意：那么，他们在学什么呢？总的来说，他们在学习如何描述大熊猫的生活。
[典例3] (2022·全国乙卷) China has a ________ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
解析：responsibility 考查词性转换。句意：中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
[典例4] (新高考Ⅰ卷) The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will ________ (undoubted)help you get refreshed!
解析：undoubtedly 考查词性转换。句意：山脚下的温泉是你爬完山后必须要尝试的东西。它毫无疑问会帮助你变得精神焕发！根据句意，空处修饰谓语，应用副词形式。
[技法点拨]
(1)锁定“________ (提示词为形容词)＋形容词”模式，要考虑用副词修饰形容词表示程度；
(2)锁定“________ (提示词为形容词)＋动词(短语)”或“动词(短语)＋________ (提示词为形容词)”模式，要考虑用副词修饰动词(短语)；
(3)锁定“________ (提示词为形容词)＋句子”模式，则要考虑用副词修饰整个句子。
(4)如果提示词为形容词，空格处既不填副词，也不填比较等级，并且空格处缺主语或宾语时，考虑将形容词转换为名词；
(5)不属于上述情况，考虑加表示否定的词缀un-，im-， -less等。
考向2 考查比较等级
提示词是形容词或副词，根据语境和句意，该词词性不变，意思不变，则可能填该词的原级、比较级或最高级。
[典例1] (2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the ________ (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska，which became a national monument in 1978，took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
解析：largest 考查形容词的最高级。句意：黄石国家公园曾是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念地的阿拉斯加南部的雷恩格尔-圣伊利亚斯在1980年升格为国家公园，占地1230万英亩。分析句子成分和句意可知，此处指黄石国家公园曾是美国最大的国家公园，应用large的最高级形式。故填largest。
[典例2] (2023·浙江卷1月) Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________ (simple)in design and decoration，and the hutongs were narrower.
解析：simpler 考查形容词比较级。空处与空前的smaller相呼应，表示在设计和装饰方面更简单，所以空处填simpler。
[典例3] (2022·全国乙卷) As a main promoter of the International Tea Day，the birthplace of tea and the ________ (large) tea-producing country，China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
解析：largest 考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
[典例4] (新高考Ⅰ卷) The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets，the ________ (hot) the spring!
解析：hotter 考查形容词比较级。句意：有关春天让人感到惊叹的就是：气温越冷，春天就越热。此处是固定结构“the ＋比较级，the＋比较级”，意为：“越……，越……”故填hotter。
[典例5] (全国甲卷) After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall，we decided it was time for some action and what ________ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
解析：better 考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比在一段历史上驰骋更好的呢。根据空后的比较级提示词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。
[技法点拨]
(1)标志词确定等级法
①设空后含有than ...结构时，用比较级；含有as时可能用形容词/副词原级。
②设空前有用来修饰比较级的词语much，far，even，rather，any (否定或疑问句中)，a little，a bit，a great deal及倍数(twice，three times)等用形容词/副词比较级。
③设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等，用形容词/副词最高级。
④设空前有 one of the，the＋序数词，by far the等修饰词，用形容词/副词最高级。
(2)利用固定句型
①“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”表示“越……，(就)越……”
②比较级＋and＋比较级，表示“越来越……”
③“否定词＋比较级”结构，表最高级含义。
④倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as。
(3)利用隐含信息判断
句中虽没有than等标志词，但暗含比较级，也用比较级。
角度4 提示词为代词
[典例1] (2024·全国甲卷)This area，with ________ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty，must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park.
解析：its 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：这个地区有着独特而令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为一个国家公园得到良好的保护，以供全国人民欣赏。分析句子成分可知，空处修饰名词短语“unique and breathtaking natural beauty”，应用it的形容词性物主代词形式。故填its。
[典例2] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ________ (they) contents.
解析：their 考查代词。此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语，修饰空后的名词contents，表示“不会使包子开裂，或者溢出包子里的任何东西”。
[典例3] (2022·全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony，opening ________ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
解析：its 考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
[典例4] (新高考Ⅰ卷) As the song goes，this long and winding road “will never disappear”，and it will always stick in the visitor's memory.It sure does in ________ (I)．
解析：mine 考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句does指代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
[典例5] (浙江卷6月) She was extremely pretty，and her house was a reflection of ________ (she)，everything in good taste and in perfect order.
解析：herself 考查代词。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，应用反身代词。故填herself。
[典例6] (全国Ⅲ卷) I tell my mom that if we're forced to eat things，we may become ill.But she insists on ________ (we) eating healthy food.
解析：us 考查代词。根据句意(我告诉我妈妈，如果我们被迫吃东西，我们可能会生病。但是她坚持让我们吃健康的食品)可知，此处人称代词应用宾格us。
[技法点拨]
当句中缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下设空处所填代词是否与前文提到的人或物有指代关系。
①作主语：人称代词主格(I，we，you，he，she，they，it)、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词(ours，mine，yours，his，hers，theirs，its)。
②作宾语：人称代词宾格(me，us，you，him，her，them，it)、名词性物主代词、不定代词。
③作表语：人称代词宾格、不定代词或名词性物主代词。
④作定语：形容词性物主代词(our，my，your，his，her，their，its)。
⑤作宾语、表语或同位语且反射句子的主语，用反身代词(myself，ourselves，yourself，yourselves，himself，herself，itself，themselves)，同时注意单复数的变化。
⑥填it的情况：a.作形式主语或形式宾语；b.指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况；c.固定搭配，如make it “成功；按时到达”；get it “理解，明白”。
[课堂点评]
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A
The Chinese couplet(对联)refers to two poetic lines obeying certain rules，often written on red paper for 1.________ (appreciate)．
As a form of Chinese literature，the couplet 2.________ (vary) in content and style.Some express people's love to their motherland，some describe the beauty of nature，3.________ some convey best wishes for the coming year.
巧刷模拟
·巩固提高
Chinese couplets originated in the Five Dynasties，and 4.________(become) ubiquitous (无处不在的) in the Ming and Qing dynasties.It was the custom for people 5.________ (hang) peach wood charms to drive away evil spirits during the Spring Festival.Nowadays，couplets are used 6.________ a similar way.
It was said that the 7.________ (early) couplet was written by Meng Chang，king of Later Shu and it was 8.________(extreme) popular in the Northern Song Dynasty.Since the Ming Dynasty，to write couplets 9.________(regard) as a mark of the cultured life of scholars.
The couplet has two equal-length lines.However，10.________ number of characters in each line can be from four to seven or more.The first and the second lines have opposite tone patterns.The last character of the first line is of an oblique tone (仄声)，and its opposite in the second line，is of a level tone (平声)．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国对联的寓意、目的、起源等。
1．解析：appreciation 考查词性转换。根据空前的for可知，该空应填名词作for的宾语，动词appreciate的名词形式为appreciation；再结合句意可知，此处表示“欣赏”，是不可数名词。故填appreciation。
2．解析：varies 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。该句讲的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；作主语的the couplet表第三人称单数概念，谓语动词应用单数形式；主语和vary之间是主动关系。故填varies。句意：作为中国文学的一种形式，对联的内容和风格各不相同。
3．解析：and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处应填连词，连接三个句子。根据语境可知，此处表并列关系，故填and。句意：有的表达了人们对祖国的爱，有的描述了自然的美丽，有的表达了对来年的美好祝愿。
4．解析：became 考查动词的时态。根据后文的时间状语“in the Ming and Qing dynasties”可知，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填became。
5．解析：to hang 考查动词不定式。此处考查固定句型“It is/was the custom( for sb.) to do sth.”，意为：“根据传统……”该句型中It作形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式短语。故填to hang。
6．解析：in 考查介词。此处考查固定表达。该句指人们如今用类似的方式来使用对联，in a similar way“用类似的方式”，故填in。
7．解析：earliest 考查形容词的最高级。根据空前的“the”和语境可知，此处表示据说最早的对联是后蜀主孟昶所写，所以该空应填形容词early的最高级，故填earliest。
8．解析：extremely 考查词性转换。修饰形容词用副词，空处修饰形容词“popular”，故填extremely。
9．解析：has been regarded 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Since the Ming Dynasty”可知，该空应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作持续到现在；句子的主语to write couplets与regard之间为被动关系；主语to write couplets为非谓语动词短语，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填has been regarded。
10．解析：the 考查冠词。此处指每行中的字数从4到7或更多，the number of为固定短语，表示“……的数量”，故填the。
B
Today，giant pandas are considered to be one of the world's best-known animals.People make huge efforts 11.________ (protect)them and luckily their efforts are paying off in some areas.12.________(global)recognized as a leading symbol of both China and nature conservation in general，giant pandas are popular in the world.But global interest in the animal only 13.________(take)off in the 20th century.
The inspiration for WWF's logo (标识) came from Chi Chi，14.________ giant panda that was living at London Zoo in 1961 when WWF was founded.Being aware of the need for a remarkable symbol to break
through all language barriers，one of WWF's 15.________ (founder)agreed to make the big furry panda with her distinctive black and white coat a great logo.The first pieces 16.________ were done by the British environmentalist and artist Gerald Watterson became modestly successful.Later，17.________(base)on these drafts，Sir Peter Scott，drew the first logo.He said at the time，“We want an animal that is beautiful and endangered，and is loved for its 18.________(attract) qualities.We also want an animal that is black and white to cut printing costs.To our relief，we make 19.________ eventually.”
The panda has ever since become a symbol not just for WWF，20.________ for the conservation movement as well.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了大熊猫被公认为中国和自然保护的象征的由来。
11．解析：to protect 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，此处是非谓语动词短语作目的状语，故填动词不定式形式。句意：人们付出了巨大的努力来保护它们，而且幸运的是，他们的努力在一些地区得到了回报。
12．解析：Globally 考查副词。空处修饰过去分词recognized，应用副词作状语，注意单词的首字母应大写。句意：大熊猫被全球公认为是中国和自然保护的主要象征，在世界上很受欢迎。
13．解析：took 考查动词的时态。短语take off作谓语，根据时间状语“in the 20th century”可知，应用一般过去时。
14．解析：a 考查冠词。空处修饰单数名词giant panda，表泛指，应用不定冠词，giant的发音以辅音音素开头。
15．解析：founders 考查名词单复数。根据空前的one of可知，应用名词的复数形式，故填founders。
16．解析：that 考查定语从句。句意：英国环保主义者和艺术家杰拉尔德·沃特森(Gerald Watterson)的第一批作品取得了一定的成功。分析可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词pieces，关系词在从句中作主语并且先行词前面有序数词修饰，应用that。
17．解析：based 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语。be based on“基于”，故用过去分词短语作状语，故填based。
18．解析：attractive 考查形容词。空处修饰名词作定语，应用形容词。
19．解析： it 考查固定搭配。make it“获得成功”，是固定短语。
20．解析：but 考查连词。not just ...but ...“不仅……而且……”，是固定用法。句意：从那时起，大熊猫不仅成为世界自然基金会的象征，而且也成为保护运动的象征。