高考英语二轮复习专题提高写作能力应用文写作第三节润色习作的四大技法课件
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| 名称 | 高考英语二轮复习专题提高写作能力应用文写作第三节润色习作的四大技法课件 |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-02-11 00:00:00 | ||
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第三节 润色习作的四大技法
技法1 让词汇高端起来
根据高考应用文写作的评分标准，应用词汇的丰富性和准确性是作文能否取得高分的一条重要的标准。所以，在词汇亮化上应遵循以下三个原则：
原则1 求新求变
同样意义的词语，要根据语境使用最新学过的而不是小学初中学过的词汇。如果同样的意义重复出现，要使用不同的表达方式。
1．Lastly，it promotes a healthy and active lifestyle，which is important for overall well-being.(2024·浙江1月卷)
→Lastly，it promotes a healthy and active lifestyle，which is vital/crucial/essential for overall well-being.
2．Learning that we'll be randomly paired to do the oral practice，I want to express my different voice.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
→Learning that we'll be randomly paired to do the oral practice，I feel an urge to express my different voice.
3．He tried to carry out a series of reforms to make his country prosperous.(2023·全国甲卷)
→He spared no effort to carry out a series of reforms to make his country prosperous.
4．He proposed the establishment of a national school system，which had a good influence on the Chinese educational system.(2023·全国甲卷)
→He proposed the establishment of a national school system，which had a far-reaching influence on the Chinese educational system.
5．Since its launch，“Talk and Talk”，a weekly broadcast program，has gained more and more popularity among students.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
→Since its launch，“Talk and Talk”，a weekly broadcast program，has gained increasing popularity among students.
6．A recent survey suggests that many students being interviewed，about 65%，tend to learn English by listening to English songs.(2022·全国乙卷)
→A recent survey suggests that a majority of students being interviewed，about 65%，tend to learn English by listening to English songs.
原则2 求准求精
写作时不一定每一句都要有复杂句式，有时准确使用一个单词就会让整个句子增色。
1．I'm writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.It was a truly inspiring event.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
→I'm writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.It turned out to be a truly inspiring event.
2．Besides，only two students in groups can't communicate well.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
→Besides，only two students in groups can't communicate effectively.
3．In my opinion，each group had better have at least three students according to their levels，which is good to making conversations well.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
→From my point of view，each group had better have at least three students according to their levels，which is beneficial to making conversations fluently and fully.
4．During the summer vacation，I planned to surprise my mom on her birthday by preparing a big dinner.So I decided to learn how to cook，which was amazing! (2023·全国乙卷)
→During the summer vacation，I planned to surprise my mom on her birthday by preparing a big dinner.So I decided to learn how to cook，which turned out to be amazing!
5．First，try our best to fight against global warming，which has become a great threat to sea creatures.(2022·全国甲卷)
→First，try every means to/spare no effort to fight against global warming，which has become a great threat to sea creatures.
原则3 短语优先
恰当使用短语代替单词，不但可以增加词数，还有助于绕开不会表达的单词，使得行文更加流畅。
(1)形容词变短语的方法：of＋同根名词
very important/useful/valuable/beneficial/helpful
→of vital/great importance/use/value/benefit/help
(2)动词变短语的方法：替换升级
动词 对应短语
know/realize be aware of/be familiar with
understand figure out/make sense of
should be supposed to
use make use of/take advantage of
consider take ...into account/consideration
be coming be approaching/be around the corner
master have a good command of
动词 对应短语
thank express one's sincere gratitude to
represent on behalf of
succeed make it/achieve one's goals
help do sb.a favour
value attach importance to
visit pay a visit to
like be fond of/be interested in/be crazy about/be addicted to
(3)副词变短语的方法：同义短语替换
副词 对应短语
very more than
properly in place
quickly without delay
actually as a matter of fact
技法2 让句子新颖起来
高考时，一篇写作中的句子如果都采用简单句，肯定不能得高分，精彩句式的合理使用会使文章读起来抑扬顿挫。因此应多使用一些高级句式和复合句，让句子“胜人一筹”，亮点纷呈，彰显考生的写作能力。换用句式时，应遵循以下原则：高级但不浮夸，多变但不离谱，复杂但不晦涩。
1．精彩的复合句
(1)增加亮点的定语从句
I felt so proud that I shared housework with my parents，and that also showed that I had grown up.(2023·全国乙卷)
→I felt so proud that I shared housework with my parents，which also showed that I had grown up.
(2)吸引眼球的状语从句
It's a simple and inexpensive activity so you can do it anywhere，even in a small place.(2024·浙江卷1月)
→It's such a simple and inexpensive activity that you can do it anywhere，even in a small place.
(3)提升档次的名词性从句
His famous philosophy of life：“Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land，the last to enjoy universal happiness.” impresses me most.(2023·全国甲卷)
→What impresses me most is his famous philosophy of life：“Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land，the last to enjoy universal happiness.”
2．亮眼的特殊句式
(1)运用强调句：强调句型的使用是为了突出强调句子的某一部分，它是一种比较容易掌握的高级表达方式。
①强调句型基本结构为“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分”。
②借助助动词 do/does/did对谓语动词进行强调。
A small change can make a big difference in your day.(2024·浙江1月卷)
→It's a small change that can make a big difference in your day.
(2)运用倒装句，以示强调。
在写作中，倒装句应用比较广泛，涉及的句型也比较多，包括部分倒装和全部倒装。常见的有：
①“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
②none，neither，nor，not，never，hardly，little，seldom 等否定词，以及at no time，by no means 等短语置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
③在“so/such ...that ...”结构中，当so/such位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装。
④as，though 引导的倒装句。
⑤表方位的副词或者表地点的介词短语置于句首且句子的主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装。
Students can be willing to communicate only by doing so.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
→Only by doing so can students be willing to communicate.
This experience gives me a sense of accomplishment，but also helps boost my confidence to do what I used to fear.(2023·全国乙卷)
→Not only does this experience give me a sense of accomplishment，but also helps boost my confidence to do what I used to fear.
(3)让句式更加丰富的省略句和感叹句。
When you are surfing or boating，never drop litter into the sea.(2022·全国甲卷)
→When surfing or boating，never drop litter into the sea.
We had a wonderful time.Not only did it give us relaxation，but it also got us closer to nature.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
→What a wonderful time we had! Not only did it give us relaxation，but it also got us closer to nature.
3．传神的被动结构
Recently our school is planning to hold a theme class meeting to introduce traditional Chinese cultures.(2021·全国甲卷)
→Recently a theme class meeting will be held in our school to introduce traditional Chinese cultures.
4．言简意赅的非谓语动词结构
The vibrant (鲜艳的) colors of the flowers，the sunlight which reflected off the water and the tranquil (宁静的) atmosphere all added vitality(活力) to the painting.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
→The vibrant (鲜艳的) colors of the flowers，the sunlight reflecting off the water and the tranquil (宁静的) atmosphere all added vitality(活力) to the painting.
5．委婉的虚拟语气
Without your kindness and generosity，I would not have enjoyed myself so much when visiting England.
技法3 让细节丰满起来
英语写作中，增加细节内容的描述是必不可少的。在信息提纲类写作中，考生一定不能简单地翻译或者仅仅完成所给条目的指定内容；在看图作文中更不能只是轻描淡写图片内容，否则很有可能造成内容不充实、词数要求不达标或者结构不连贯等问题。适当增加细节内容，能够使习作流畅、丰满，达到应有的表达效果。
技巧1 通过列举或举例
such as .../like ...；for example/instance；...as well as ...
[例1] 其次，带一个小礼物是个好主意。
Second，it is a good idea to bring a small gift，such as a bunch of flowers or a box of chocolate if they have young children.
[例2] 如今，我们中的一些人在校园里养成了一些坏习惯。
Nowadays，some of us have formed some bad habits on campus.For instance，some students leave the lights on in the daytime；some leave much food on the table after eating.
技巧2 增加状语成分
[例1] 今天我们学校在表演中心举行了一场音乐会。
In order to enrich the life of teachers and students as well as welcome the coming of Spring Festival，our school held a concert in the performance center today.(增加目的状语)
[例2] 将安排一系列与环保相关的讲座。
A series of lectures related to environmental protection will be arranged，thus arousing people's awareness of living a low-carbon life.(增加结果状语)
[例3] 我愿意与你分享细节。
Knowing you're interested in our coming graduation activity，I would like to share the details with you.(动词-ing形式作状语)
[例4] 我真希望你能对中国茶有更多的了解。
With the Chinese Culture Communicating Event approaching，I do hope you can have a better knowledge of Chinese tea.(with复合结构)
技巧3 增加同位语或定语从句
[例1] 我是李华。
I am Li Hua，chairman of the Students' Union of my school.
I am Li Hua，an exchange student from China.
[例2] 你最好在课前做好充分的准备，并对唐朝的历史有一个简单的了解。
You'd better make full preparations before class and have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty，which helps you learn more about traditional Chinese culture.
[例3] 首先，这次展览的主题是环境保护。
To begin with，the theme of the show is Environmental Protection，which will be not only meaningful but also interesting.
技巧4 增加个人感受、评价、希望、倡议等
1．增加个人感受
[例1] 虽然这个暑假我觉得很累，但我为我所做的事情感到很高兴。
Although I was very tired this summer holiday，I felt very happy for what I did because I got a knowledge of farming experience.
2．增加评价
[例2] 我想这样的活动是必要的和有意义的。
I think such activities are necessary and meaningful，from which I learn that we should help people who are in trouble if possible.
3．增加希望
[例3] 他正在努力学习。
He is studying hard in the hope of being admitted to a famous engineering college.
4．增加倡议
[例4] 我从这次经历中学到的是，爱护和保护我们的社区是我们的责任。
What I learnt from this experience is that it is our duty to love and protect our community.So the chairman of our school suggests our school hold a series of activities to call on students to take action to do it.
技法4 让语篇靓丽起来
根据行文或段落需要，在句与句或段与段之间适当增加过渡词语，使文章衔接流畅。常用的过渡表达归纳如下：
1．用在段落起始的过渡表达：generally speaking，to begin/start with，first of all，in the first place，as we know，as is known to all，as is shown in...等
2．用在段落结尾进行总结的过渡表达：to sum up，in conclusion，in a word，in summary，all in all等
3．用以表达时间顺序的过渡表达：first，second，third，afterwards，meanwhile，finally，at first，in the beginning，subsequently，at last，in the end，eventually等
4．用以表达空间顺序的过渡表达：on one side...on the other side，on the opposite side，in front of，in the center of，in the distance，in the middle of，at the back of，on/to the left/right，close to，next to，nearby，beyond等
5．用以解释说明的过渡表达：in fact，as a matter of fact，in other words，namely，to put it differently等
6．用以表示因果关系的过渡表达：considering that，owing to，due to，because，therefore，as a result，consequently，thereby，thus，so等
7．用以表示强调的过渡表达：certainly，indeed，above all，surely，to tell (you) the truth 等
8．用以表示递进或补充的过渡表达：in addition，furthermore，also，moreover，what's more，besides，to make matters worse，worse still，more/most importantly，last but not least，additionally等
9．用以举例或列举的过渡表达：for example，for instance，such as，...be as follows 等
10．用以表示让步或转折的过渡表达：but，however，although，though，yet等
11．用以表示比较或对比的过渡表达：like，unlike，in the same way，similarly，in contrast，whereas，instead，instead of，while等
12．用以表示观点的过渡表达：personally，from my perspective，in my opinion，I'm fully convinced that，as I see it，as far as I'm concerned等
[针对训练]
Ⅰ.用高级词汇替换下列句中的加黑词语
1．From my point of view，what benefits students most is reading English books，for it can help students deeply understand English as a language.(2022·全国乙卷)
→From my point of view，what benefits students most is reading English books，for it can help students ________________________________ English as a language.
have a deep understanding of
2．I master spoken English，thus making it easy for me to communicate with visitors.
→I __________________________ spoken English，thus making it easy for me to communicate with visitors.
3．There will be many fantastic performances given by talented students.
→There will be _______________________ fantastic performances given by talented students.
have a good command of
various/a variety of
4．Whatever form you take，do remember that your work should focus on the beauty of nature.
→Whatever form you take，do ______________ that your work should focus on the beauty of nature.
5．If you work hard，you will realise your college dream.I believe a bright future is waiting for you.
→____________ you work hard，you will realise your college dream.I _____________________________ a bright future is waiting for you.
keep in mind
As long as
hold the firm belief that
Ⅱ.用高级句式升级下列句子
1．Fan Zhongyan was known as a Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty，and was highly appreciated because he made great contributions to society.(2023·全国甲卷)
→_______________________________________________________，Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated because he made great contributions to society.(过去分词短语作状语)
Known as a Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty
2．Without hesitation the whole class voted for David and said that no one had worked harder for that award than he.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
→Without hesitation the whole class voted for David，___________________________________________________．(动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语)
saying that no one had worked harder for that award than he
3．You're considered as an experienced English teacher.We'd like to conduct an interview with you about “How to improve English level” on our program.It is scheduled for 9 a．m. next Monday.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
→____________________________________________________，we'd like to conduct an interview with you about “How to improve English level” on our program，__________________________________________．(合并升级为since 引导的原因状语从句和定语从句)
Since you're considered as an experienced English teacher
which is scheduled for 9 a．m. next Monday
4．Through the activity，I have not only gained an awareness of living a healthy life but also enhanced the quality of my study as well as life.
→Through the activity，______________________________________ _________________________，but also enhanced the quality of my study as well as life.(倒装句)
→____________________________________ I have not only gained an awareness of living a healthy life but also enhanced the quality of my study as well as life.(强调句型)
5．There are a lot of trees and flowers in our school and our school looks like a big garden.
→____________________________________________________________________________ (with复合结构)
not only have I gained an awareness of
living a healthy life
It is through the activity that
With a lot of trees and flowers in our school，our school looks like a big garden.
Ⅲ.用适当的过渡词汇填空
Dear Sir/Madam，
I am Li Hua，a student from Guangming Middle School.I am writing to ask some questions about the summer course.
1．______________，I wonder when the course will begin and how long it will last.2.________，I want to know whether your school will offer accommodation for the students.3._______________________________，how much will you charge for it？4._____________________，how many students will be there in one class
First of all
Secondly
Besides/What's more/In addition
Last but not least
5．____________，I would appreciate it if you could reply to me as soon as possible.
Yours，
Li Hua
All in all
第三节 润色习作的四大技法
技法1 让词汇高端起来
根据高考应用文写作的评分标准，应用词汇的丰富性和准确性是作文能否取得高分的一条重要的标准。所以，在词汇亮化上应遵循以下三个原则：
原则1 求新求变
同样意义的词语，要根据语境使用最新学过的而不是小学初中学过的词汇。如果同样的意义重复出现，要使用不同的表达方式。
1．Lastly，it promotes a healthy and active lifestyle，which is important for overall well-being.(2024·浙江1月卷)
→Lastly，it promotes a healthy and active lifestyle，which is vital/crucial/essential for overall well-being.
2．Learning that we'll be randomly paired to do the oral practice，I want to express my different voice.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
→Learning that we'll be randomly paired to do the oral practice，I feel an urge to express my different voice.
3．He tried to carry out a series of reforms to make his country prosperous.(2023·全国甲卷)
→He spared no effort to carry out a series of reforms to make his country prosperous.
4．He proposed the establishment of a national school system，which had a good influence on the Chinese educational system.(2023·全国甲卷)
→He proposed the establishment of a national school system，which had a far-reaching influence on the Chinese educational system.
5．Since its launch，“Talk and Talk”，a weekly broadcast program，has gained more and more popularity among students.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
→Since its launch，“Talk and Talk”，a weekly broadcast program，has gained increasing popularity among students.
6．A recent survey suggests that many students being interviewed，about 65%，tend to learn English by listening to English songs.(2022·全国乙卷)
→A recent survey suggests that a majority of students being interviewed，about 65%，tend to learn English by listening to English songs.
原则2 求准求精
写作时不一定每一句都要有复杂句式，有时准确使用一个单词就会让整个句子增色。
1．I'm writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.It was a truly inspiring event.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
→I'm writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.It turned out to be a truly inspiring event.
2．Besides，only two students in groups can't communicate well.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
→Besides，only two students in groups can't communicate effectively.
3．In my opinion，each group had better have at least three students according to their levels，which is good to making conversations well.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
→From my point of view，each group had better have at least three students according to their levels，which is beneficial to making conversations fluently and fully.
4．During the summer vacation，I planned to surprise my mom on her birthday by preparing a big dinner.So I decided to learn how to cook，which was amazing! (2023·全国乙卷)
→During the summer vacation，I planned to surprise my mom on her birthday by preparing a big dinner.So I decided to learn how to cook，which turned out to be amazing!
5．First，try our best to fight against global warming，which has become a great threat to sea creatures.(2022·全国甲卷)
→First，try every means to/spare no effort to fight against global warming，which has become a great threat to sea creatures.
原则3 短语优先
恰当使用短语代替单词，不但可以增加词数，还有助于绕开不会表达的单词，使得行文更加流畅。
(1)形容词变短语的方法：of＋同根名词
very important/useful/valuable/beneficial/helpful
→of vital/great importance/use/value/benefit/help
(2)动词变短语的方法：替换升级
动词 对应短语
know/realize be aware of/be familiar with
understand figure out/make sense of
should be supposed to
use make use of/take advantage of
consider take ...into account/consideration
be coming be approaching/be around the corner
master have a good command of
动词 对应短语
thank express one's sincere gratitude to
represent on behalf of
succeed make it/achieve one's goals
help do sb.a favour
value attach importance to
visit pay a visit to
like be fond of/be interested in/be crazy about/be addicted to
(3)副词变短语的方法：同义短语替换
副词 对应短语
very more than
properly in place
quickly without delay
actually as a matter of fact
技法2 让句子新颖起来
高考时，一篇写作中的句子如果都采用简单句，肯定不能得高分，精彩句式的合理使用会使文章读起来抑扬顿挫。因此应多使用一些高级句式和复合句，让句子“胜人一筹”，亮点纷呈，彰显考生的写作能力。换用句式时，应遵循以下原则：高级但不浮夸，多变但不离谱，复杂但不晦涩。
1．精彩的复合句
(1)增加亮点的定语从句
I felt so proud that I shared housework with my parents，and that also showed that I had grown up.(2023·全国乙卷)
→I felt so proud that I shared housework with my parents，which also showed that I had grown up.
(2)吸引眼球的状语从句
It's a simple and inexpensive activity so you can do it anywhere，even in a small place.(2024·浙江卷1月)
→It's such a simple and inexpensive activity that you can do it anywhere，even in a small place.
(3)提升档次的名词性从句
His famous philosophy of life：“Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land，the last to enjoy universal happiness.” impresses me most.(2023·全国甲卷)
→What impresses me most is his famous philosophy of life：“Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land，the last to enjoy universal happiness.”
2．亮眼的特殊句式
(1)运用强调句：强调句型的使用是为了突出强调句子的某一部分，它是一种比较容易掌握的高级表达方式。
①强调句型基本结构为“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分”。
②借助助动词 do/does/did对谓语动词进行强调。
A small change can make a big difference in your day.(2024·浙江1月卷)
→It's a small change that can make a big difference in your day.
(2)运用倒装句，以示强调。
在写作中，倒装句应用比较广泛，涉及的句型也比较多，包括部分倒装和全部倒装。常见的有：
①“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
②none，neither，nor，not，never，hardly，little，seldom 等否定词，以及at no time，by no means 等短语置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
③在“so/such ...that ...”结构中，当so/such位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装。
④as，though 引导的倒装句。
⑤表方位的副词或者表地点的介词短语置于句首且句子的主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装。
Students can be willing to communicate only by doing so.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
→Only by doing so can students be willing to communicate.
This experience gives me a sense of accomplishment，but also helps boost my confidence to do what I used to fear.(2023·全国乙卷)
→Not only does this experience give me a sense of accomplishment，but also helps boost my confidence to do what I used to fear.
(3)让句式更加丰富的省略句和感叹句。
When you are surfing or boating，never drop litter into the sea.(2022·全国甲卷)
→When surfing or boating，never drop litter into the sea.
We had a wonderful time.Not only did it give us relaxation，but it also got us closer to nature.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
→What a wonderful time we had! Not only did it give us relaxation，but it also got us closer to nature.
3．传神的被动结构
Recently our school is planning to hold a theme class meeting to introduce traditional Chinese cultures.(2021·全国甲卷)
→Recently a theme class meeting will be held in our school to introduce traditional Chinese cultures.
4．言简意赅的非谓语动词结构
The vibrant (鲜艳的) colors of the flowers，the sunlight which reflected off the water and the tranquil (宁静的) atmosphere all added vitality(活力) to the painting.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
→The vibrant (鲜艳的) colors of the flowers，the sunlight reflecting off the water and the tranquil (宁静的) atmosphere all added vitality(活力) to the painting.
5．委婉的虚拟语气
Without your kindness and generosity，I would not have enjoyed myself so much when visiting England.
技法3 让细节丰满起来
英语写作中，增加细节内容的描述是必不可少的。在信息提纲类写作中，考生一定不能简单地翻译或者仅仅完成所给条目的指定内容；在看图作文中更不能只是轻描淡写图片内容，否则很有可能造成内容不充实、词数要求不达标或者结构不连贯等问题。适当增加细节内容，能够使习作流畅、丰满，达到应有的表达效果。
技巧1 通过列举或举例
such as .../like ...；for example/instance；...as well as ...
[例1] 其次，带一个小礼物是个好主意。
Second，it is a good idea to bring a small gift，such as a bunch of flowers or a box of chocolate if they have young children.
[例2] 如今，我们中的一些人在校园里养成了一些坏习惯。
Nowadays，some of us have formed some bad habits on campus.For instance，some students leave the lights on in the daytime；some leave much food on the table after eating.
技巧2 增加状语成分
[例1] 今天我们学校在表演中心举行了一场音乐会。
In order to enrich the life of teachers and students as well as welcome the coming of Spring Festival，our school held a concert in the performance center today.(增加目的状语)
[例2] 将安排一系列与环保相关的讲座。
A series of lectures related to environmental protection will be arranged，thus arousing people's awareness of living a low-carbon life.(增加结果状语)
[例3] 我愿意与你分享细节。
Knowing you're interested in our coming graduation activity，I would like to share the details with you.(动词-ing形式作状语)
[例4] 我真希望你能对中国茶有更多的了解。
With the Chinese Culture Communicating Event approaching，I do hope you can have a better knowledge of Chinese tea.(with复合结构)
技巧3 增加同位语或定语从句
[例1] 我是李华。
I am Li Hua，chairman of the Students' Union of my school.
I am Li Hua，an exchange student from China.
[例2] 你最好在课前做好充分的准备，并对唐朝的历史有一个简单的了解。
You'd better make full preparations before class and have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty，which helps you learn more about traditional Chinese culture.
[例3] 首先，这次展览的主题是环境保护。
To begin with，the theme of the show is Environmental Protection，which will be not only meaningful but also interesting.
技巧4 增加个人感受、评价、希望、倡议等
1．增加个人感受
[例1] 虽然这个暑假我觉得很累，但我为我所做的事情感到很高兴。
Although I was very tired this summer holiday，I felt very happy for what I did because I got a knowledge of farming experience.
2．增加评价
[例2] 我想这样的活动是必要的和有意义的。
I think such activities are necessary and meaningful，from which I learn that we should help people who are in trouble if possible.
3．增加希望
[例3] 他正在努力学习。
He is studying hard in the hope of being admitted to a famous engineering college.
4．增加倡议
[例4] 我从这次经历中学到的是，爱护和保护我们的社区是我们的责任。
What I learnt from this experience is that it is our duty to love and protect our community.So the chairman of our school suggests our school hold a series of activities to call on students to take action to do it.
技法4 让语篇靓丽起来
根据行文或段落需要，在句与句或段与段之间适当增加过渡词语，使文章衔接流畅。常用的过渡表达归纳如下：
1．用在段落起始的过渡表达：generally speaking，to begin/start with，first of all，in the first place，as we know，as is known to all，as is shown in...等
2．用在段落结尾进行总结的过渡表达：to sum up，in conclusion，in a word，in summary，all in all等
3．用以表达时间顺序的过渡表达：first，second，third，afterwards，meanwhile，finally，at first，in the beginning，subsequently，at last，in the end，eventually等
4．用以表达空间顺序的过渡表达：on one side...on the other side，on the opposite side，in front of，in the center of，in the distance，in the middle of，at the back of，on/to the left/right，close to，next to，nearby，beyond等
5．用以解释说明的过渡表达：in fact，as a matter of fact，in other words，namely，to put it differently等
6．用以表示因果关系的过渡表达：considering that，owing to，due to，because，therefore，as a result，consequently，thereby，thus，so等
7．用以表示强调的过渡表达：certainly，indeed，above all，surely，to tell (you) the truth 等
8．用以表示递进或补充的过渡表达：in addition，furthermore，also，moreover，what's more，besides，to make matters worse，worse still，more/most importantly，last but not least，additionally等
9．用以举例或列举的过渡表达：for example，for instance，such as，...be as follows 等
10．用以表示让步或转折的过渡表达：but，however，although，though，yet等
11．用以表示比较或对比的过渡表达：like，unlike，in the same way，similarly，in contrast，whereas，instead，instead of，while等
12．用以表示观点的过渡表达：personally，from my perspective，in my opinion，I'm fully convinced that，as I see it，as far as I'm concerned等
[针对训练]
Ⅰ.用高级词汇替换下列句中的加黑词语
1．From my point of view，what benefits students most is reading English books，for it can help students deeply understand English as a language.(2022·全国乙卷)
→From my point of view，what benefits students most is reading English books，for it can help students ________________________________ English as a language.
have a deep understanding of
2．I master spoken English，thus making it easy for me to communicate with visitors.
→I __________________________ spoken English，thus making it easy for me to communicate with visitors.
3．There will be many fantastic performances given by talented students.
→There will be _______________________ fantastic performances given by talented students.
have a good command of
various/a variety of
4．Whatever form you take，do remember that your work should focus on the beauty of nature.
→Whatever form you take，do ______________ that your work should focus on the beauty of nature.
5．If you work hard，you will realise your college dream.I believe a bright future is waiting for you.
→____________ you work hard，you will realise your college dream.I _____________________________ a bright future is waiting for you.
keep in mind
As long as
hold the firm belief that
Ⅱ.用高级句式升级下列句子
1．Fan Zhongyan was known as a Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty，and was highly appreciated because he made great contributions to society.(2023·全国甲卷)
→_______________________________________________________，Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated because he made great contributions to society.(过去分词短语作状语)
Known as a Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty
2．Without hesitation the whole class voted for David and said that no one had worked harder for that award than he.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
→Without hesitation the whole class voted for David，___________________________________________________．(动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语)
saying that no one had worked harder for that award than he
3．You're considered as an experienced English teacher.We'd like to conduct an interview with you about “How to improve English level” on our program.It is scheduled for 9 a．m. next Monday.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
→____________________________________________________，we'd like to conduct an interview with you about “How to improve English level” on our program，__________________________________________．(合并升级为since 引导的原因状语从句和定语从句)
Since you're considered as an experienced English teacher
which is scheduled for 9 a．m. next Monday
4．Through the activity，I have not only gained an awareness of living a healthy life but also enhanced the quality of my study as well as life.
→Through the activity，______________________________________ _________________________，but also enhanced the quality of my study as well as life.(倒装句)
→____________________________________ I have not only gained an awareness of living a healthy life but also enhanced the quality of my study as well as life.(强调句型)
5．There are a lot of trees and flowers in our school and our school looks like a big garden.
→____________________________________________________________________________ (with复合结构)
not only have I gained an awareness of
living a healthy life
It is through the activity that
With a lot of trees and flowers in our school，our school looks like a big garden.
Ⅲ.用适当的过渡词汇填空
Dear Sir/Madam，
I am Li Hua，a student from Guangming Middle School.I am writing to ask some questions about the summer course.
1．______________，I wonder when the course will begin and how long it will last.2.________，I want to know whether your school will offer accommodation for the students.3._______________________________，how much will you charge for it？4._____________________，how many students will be there in one class
First of all
Secondly
Besides/What's more/In addition
Last but not least
5．____________，I would appreciate it if you could reply to me as soon as possible.
Yours，
Li Hua
All in all