高考英语二轮复习专题阅读提速过三关第三讲四种文体厘清语篇关课件
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| 名称 | 高考英语二轮复习专题阅读提速过三关第三讲四种文体厘清语篇关课件 |
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| 格式 | ppt | ||
| 文件大小 | 800.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-02-11 00:00:00 | ||
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第三讲 四种文体厘清语篇关
新课标要求增强对阅读理解的“主线框架结构”的语篇意识，这就要求在阅读过程中，考生要和文本产生积极互动，从宏观和微观两个角度解读文章结构和题目相互之间的逻辑关联。但很多考生在阅读文章时，只从微观角度入手，把阅读材料直译成汉语以理解文意，从而无法把握文章的主旨大意。
高考阅读的语篇类型多为应用文、记叙文、说明文及议论文，各类文体的文章都有一定的篇章结构规律，一般常见的语篇构成模式包括应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文。
文体1 应用文
[典例] (2025·全国二卷)
English Market Towns to Visit in the UK
English market towns come in many shapes and sizes.Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries.But each town has more to do than shop.
Hereford, Herefordshire
Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189.Skirting the town square, you'll find lovely shops，eateries, and the Black and White House Museum.The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town.It's also home to an ancient library.One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.
Ludlow, Shropshire
Ludlow is known as the Foodie Center of England.Butcher shops, greengrocers, bakeries, and cheese shops line the town square.Bordering the square, the Ludlow Castle is a “must explore” medieval stronghold.The three-day Ludlow Food Festival is held each September.
Shrewsbury, Shropshire
Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but worth the anxiety.The
River Severn has a significant turn through town, almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway.Flowers are everywhere—hanging baskets, window boxes, and planters—just what you imagine in an attractive English market town.
Mevagissey, Cornwall
Even if you haven't been to the small fishing village Mevagissey, you've probably seen it in a movie or British TV show.The working harbor (港口) took shape in 1774.Fishermen go out to sea daily and sell their fish in harbor-side markets.Don't leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie.It's delicious.
21．Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta
A．In the Ludlow Castle.
B．In the Foodie Center of England.
C．In the Hereford Cathedral.
D．In the Black and White House Museum.
22．What is a feature of Shrewsbury Town Center
A．It's situated near a big island.
B．It's almost surrounded by water.
C．It's known for its flower festival.
D．It's easily accessible from London.
23．What does the author suggest visitors do in Mevagissey
A．Try the Cornish pie.
B．Watch a British TV show.
C．Go fishing in the sea.
D．Take pictures of the harbor.
[语篇结构]
[考情分析]
每套全国试卷的A篇通常都是应用文。应用文的类型通常有广告、海报、通知、旅游信息等。主要考查细节理解，偶尔考查推理判断与词义猜测。
[文体特点]
1．语言特点：语言简洁，句式相对简单。
2．结构特点：
(1)平行段落：几条或者几类信息在不同的段落以相同的顺序呈现，如时间、地点、过程、联系方式等；
(2)次级标题：通过小标题把文章分成几个部分，每一部分有一个或几个段落围绕小标题进行阐述。本文属于这类结构；
(3)表格：利用列表的方式把不同的信息或者主题分割开，每一列或者每一行说明一个主题或者事件，直观明了。
[读文策略]
先题后文，定位关键信息，切忌逐句细读。
应用文阅读理解是送分题，一定要做到稳、准、快，保住基础分。
速读题干，快速浏览加粗字体的标题、小标题或者加下划线的语句等重要信息，确定语篇信息。
[学以致用]
21．本题问何处能找到《大宪章》原件。根据Hereford，Herefordshire部分中的“The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town.It's also home to an ancient library.One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.”可知，《大宪章》四份原件之一在赫里福德大教堂展出，因此在这里可以找到《大宪章》原件。故选____项。
C
22．本题问什鲁斯伯里市中心的特点是什么。根据Shrewsbury，Shropshire部分中的“The River Severn has a significant turn through town，almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.”可知，塞文河流经什鲁斯伯里市中心，在该区域有一个明显的转弯，几乎使市中心变成一个岛，因此____项是什鲁斯伯里市中心的特点。
23．本题问作者建议游客在梅瓦吉西做什么。根据Mevagissey，Cornwall部分中的“Don't leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie.It's delicious.”可知，作者建议品尝康沃尔馅饼。故选____项。
B
A
文体2 记叙文
[典例] (2025·全国一卷)In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town，a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who'd created these people, knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question：“Why is writing important？” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement.I was shocked.Then I realized that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing，in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important.This would have to change.
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering．The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication.However, my students demonstrated something more important to me.When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance—the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
24．Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1
A．Ninth graders.
B．Students' parents.
C．Modern writers.
D．Fictional characters.
25．Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay
A．They were not given enough time.
B．They had a very limited vocabulary.
C．They misunderstood the question.
D．They had little interest in the topic.
26．What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Mixed. B．Amazing.
C．Similar. D．Disturbing.
27．What does the author's experience show
A．Teaching is learning.
B．Still waters run deep.
C．Knowledge is power.
D．Practice makes perfect.
[语篇结构]
[考情分析]
通常每套试卷中一般有一篇记叙文类阅读理解。记叙文类阅读理解以考查细节理解题、推理判断题、词句猜测题和标题归纳题为主。
[文体特点]
1．语言特点：
(1)记叙文以描写、叙述为主。
(2)一般以过去时为主，其余时态为辅，使用丰富多彩的谓语动词；多用动词，特别是动态强的实义动词。
(3)新颖、生动、真实、典型的素材描写。
2．结构特点：
多按照时间先后顺序进行叙述，偶尔也有倒叙或插叙的情况。记叙文中有时会在叙述的基础上，辅以适当的议论，以表明作者的观点、态度和目的，结构上采用“以叙为主，兼顾议论”或“先叙后议”或“夹叙夹议”。
[读文策略]
1．首先弄清楚记叙文的六要素和记叙的顺序，注意多个时间、地点、人物等的情况。厘清事件的起因、经过和结果。
2．阅读记叙文时应留意描写心理活动或文末议论时用到的形容词和副词，这可能涉及作者或者人物的观点和态度。
[学以致用]
24．本题问第一段开头提到的人是谁。根据文章第一段最后一句中的“I found myself wondering just how my students，who'd created these people”可知，是作者的学生创作了上文提到的“a cowboy who saved his town，a strict father...and a modern-day Juliet...”这些人。由此可知，这些人是虚构的人物。故选____项。
25．本题问学生们的第一篇文章写得很差的原因是什么。根据文章第二段倒数第二句中的“writing...simply didn't strike them as important”可知，学生对该写作话题缺乏兴趣，所以写得差。故选____项。
D
D
26．本题问第三段中的画线词staggering是什么意思。根据第二段内容可知，学生们的第一篇文章写得很差。 根据第三段最后一句“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories，10 to 20 pages each，with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.”可知，学生们后续写的文章话题多样、篇幅都有10－20页，且写作人物开阔了作者的视野，打动了作者。综上所述，这两段描述了学生们的不同表现，说明学生们的后续写作让作者感到惊讶。由此可猜测，staggering的意思是“令人吃惊的”。故选____项。
B
27．本题问作者的经历表明了什么。最后一段是作者对这段教学经历的总结和感悟。作者原本认为写作仅是一种沟通的方式，但学生展示了其更深层的意义，即写作能够连接人与人、让我们学会换位思考、使我们明白做人的意义。这一认知转变说明“通过教学，教师也能获得新领悟”，即教学相长。故选____项。
A
文体3 说明文
[典例] (2025·全国二卷·七选五)
Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as
a Family
Are you looking for a way to bring your family together Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults？__36__You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family.
·You'll feel like you have more time.
People often feel they are too busy to volunteer.Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it.__37__
·You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.
__38__Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age.Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.
·__39__
Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence.These effects aren't just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen's well-being in the years to come.
·You'll have more time with family.
Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal.__40__Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way.And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work.
A．Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B．Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C．Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D．Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E．For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F．You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn't know about before.
G．Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
[语篇结构]
[考情分析]
每套试卷阅读理解题通常有一至两篇说明文，每套试卷的七选五一般都是说明文。说明文在阅读理解中考查主旨大意题、词句猜测题、写作意图题和观点、态度题的频率较高。
[文体特点]
信息量大，难词较多，句式复杂，理解起来难度较大。
[读文策略]
1．细读重点：
(1)文章的结构、主题句；各段首、末句中体现作者观点、态度的词句。
(2)有转折处，重要标点处，句子主干处。
2．有选择地略读或跳读：烦琐的例子，并列多项列举，无关大局的生僻词汇，较长的人名、地名。
[学以致用]
36．上文“Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults？”提出问题：“希望找到一个适合全家人的爱好？”结合标题中的“Volunteering as a Family”、下文中的“helping others”和“volunteering will positively affect the whole family”可知，设空处应引出文章主旨，指出志愿服务适合全家人一起参与。____项承上启下，符合语境。
37．根据本段小标题“You'll feel like you have more time.”可知，参与志愿服务会让你感觉有更多的时间。由此可推知，设空处应提到志愿服务与时间管理之间的关系。____项与上文的“you have more of it”相呼应，符合语境。
B
G
38．根据本段小标题“You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.”可知，本段主要介绍定期参与志愿服务对身体健康的益处；再结合下文针对成年人进行的研究可推知，设空处应提到志愿服务与成年人身体健康之间的关系。____项符合语境。
39．根据文章结构可知，设空处为段落小标题。本段第一句陈述在青少年时期参与志愿服务的积极影响，第二句阐述这些影响不是短期的，将持续影响青少年未来的身心健康。由此可知，____项概括了段落主旨，适合作为该段小标题，符合语境。
E
C
40．根据本段小标题“You'll have more time with family.”可知，本段主要介绍参与志愿服务在陪伴家人方面的益处。结合该段中的“have the unique experience”和“connect with each other in a new way”可知，____项补充说明一家人参与志愿服务时家人可能会发现彼此的亮点，与“拥有独特体验”，“以新的方式相互交流”等相呼应，符合语境。
F
文体4 议论文
[典例] (2023·全国乙卷·D) If you want to tell the history of the whole world，a history that does not privilege one part of humanity，you cannot do it through texts alone，because only some of the world has ever had texts，while most of the world，for most of the time，has not.Writing is one of humanity's later achievements，and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects，and some chapters of this book are able to do just that，but in many cases we simply can't.The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict，at Botany Bay，between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.From the English side，we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day.From the Australian side，we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot.If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day，the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides，there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted，especially when only the victors know how to write.Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.The Caribbean Taino，the Australian Aboriginals，the African people of Benin and the Incas，all of whom appear in this book，can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made：a history told through things gives them back a voice.When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these，all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted，only one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of that conversation，we have to read not just the texts，but the objects.
32．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．How past events should be presented.
B．What humanity is concerned about.
C．Whether facts speak louder than words.
D．Why written language is reliable.
33．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A．His report was scientific.
B．He represented the local people.
C．He ruled over Botany Bay.
D．His record was one-sided.
34．What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Problem. B．History.
C．Voice. D．Society.
35．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A．How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B．A Short History of Australia
C．A History of the World in 100 Objects
D．How Art Works Tell Stories
[语篇结构]
[考情分析]
议论文类的文章一般出现在阅读理解中，在新高考试卷中的考查概率很低。题目涉及细节理解题、推理判断题、词句猜测题和主旨大意题。
[文体特点]
1．议论文类文体通常分为三部分：提出问题(引论)→分析问题(本论)→解决问题(结论)。
2．文中往往包含一个新提出的新奇观点和其他以往被普遍认可的观点，下文针对相关观点的合理性及原因等展开讨论。
[读文策略]
1．在阅读过程中寻找主旨句，分析文章结构。
2．分清事实(fact，即论据)与观点(opinion)，尤其要注意不要将某些人的观点与作者本人的观点弄混，这在观点、态度题中要加以注意。
[学以致用]
32．根据文章首段可知，如果你想讲述不偏袒人类历史上任何一方的一段世界历史，你就不能仅依靠文字。文字是人类的后期成果之一，直到最近甚至许多有文字的社会不仅用文字，还用实物来记载他们的重要的事情。所以此段是说过去的历史事件应结合文字和实物来呈现，不能仅靠文字，故____项正确。
33．根据第二段首句“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects ...but in many cases we simply can't.”以及该段最后一句“If we want to reconstruct ... as the written reports.”可知，库克船长的记录是片面的，故____项正确。
A
D
34．根据第三段中的“a history told through things gives them back a voice”和“all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted...but the objects”可知，conversation指的是历史，故____项正确。
35．本文讲述的重点是强调历史实物考证的重要性，故____项正确。
B
C
第三讲 四种文体厘清语篇关
新课标要求增强对阅读理解的“主线框架结构”的语篇意识，这就要求在阅读过程中，考生要和文本产生积极互动，从宏观和微观两个角度解读文章结构和题目相互之间的逻辑关联。但很多考生在阅读文章时，只从微观角度入手，把阅读材料直译成汉语以理解文意，从而无法把握文章的主旨大意。
高考阅读的语篇类型多为应用文、记叙文、说明文及议论文，各类文体的文章都有一定的篇章结构规律，一般常见的语篇构成模式包括应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文。
文体1 应用文
[典例] (2025·全国二卷)
English Market Towns to Visit in the UK
English market towns come in many shapes and sizes.Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries.But each town has more to do than shop.
Hereford, Herefordshire
Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189.Skirting the town square, you'll find lovely shops，eateries, and the Black and White House Museum.The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town.It's also home to an ancient library.One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.
Ludlow, Shropshire
Ludlow is known as the Foodie Center of England.Butcher shops, greengrocers, bakeries, and cheese shops line the town square.Bordering the square, the Ludlow Castle is a “must explore” medieval stronghold.The three-day Ludlow Food Festival is held each September.
Shrewsbury, Shropshire
Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but worth the anxiety.The
River Severn has a significant turn through town, almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway.Flowers are everywhere—hanging baskets, window boxes, and planters—just what you imagine in an attractive English market town.
Mevagissey, Cornwall
Even if you haven't been to the small fishing village Mevagissey, you've probably seen it in a movie or British TV show.The working harbor (港口) took shape in 1774.Fishermen go out to sea daily and sell their fish in harbor-side markets.Don't leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie.It's delicious.
21．Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta
A．In the Ludlow Castle.
B．In the Foodie Center of England.
C．In the Hereford Cathedral.
D．In the Black and White House Museum.
22．What is a feature of Shrewsbury Town Center
A．It's situated near a big island.
B．It's almost surrounded by water.
C．It's known for its flower festival.
D．It's easily accessible from London.
23．What does the author suggest visitors do in Mevagissey
A．Try the Cornish pie.
B．Watch a British TV show.
C．Go fishing in the sea.
D．Take pictures of the harbor.
[语篇结构]
[考情分析]
每套全国试卷的A篇通常都是应用文。应用文的类型通常有广告、海报、通知、旅游信息等。主要考查细节理解，偶尔考查推理判断与词义猜测。
[文体特点]
1．语言特点：语言简洁，句式相对简单。
2．结构特点：
(1)平行段落：几条或者几类信息在不同的段落以相同的顺序呈现，如时间、地点、过程、联系方式等；
(2)次级标题：通过小标题把文章分成几个部分，每一部分有一个或几个段落围绕小标题进行阐述。本文属于这类结构；
(3)表格：利用列表的方式把不同的信息或者主题分割开，每一列或者每一行说明一个主题或者事件，直观明了。
[读文策略]
先题后文，定位关键信息，切忌逐句细读。
应用文阅读理解是送分题，一定要做到稳、准、快，保住基础分。
速读题干，快速浏览加粗字体的标题、小标题或者加下划线的语句等重要信息，确定语篇信息。
[学以致用]
21．本题问何处能找到《大宪章》原件。根据Hereford，Herefordshire部分中的“The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town.It's also home to an ancient library.One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.”可知，《大宪章》四份原件之一在赫里福德大教堂展出，因此在这里可以找到《大宪章》原件。故选____项。
C
22．本题问什鲁斯伯里市中心的特点是什么。根据Shrewsbury，Shropshire部分中的“The River Severn has a significant turn through town，almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.”可知，塞文河流经什鲁斯伯里市中心，在该区域有一个明显的转弯，几乎使市中心变成一个岛，因此____项是什鲁斯伯里市中心的特点。
23．本题问作者建议游客在梅瓦吉西做什么。根据Mevagissey，Cornwall部分中的“Don't leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie.It's delicious.”可知，作者建议品尝康沃尔馅饼。故选____项。
B
A
文体2 记叙文
[典例] (2025·全国一卷)In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town，a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who'd created these people, knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question：“Why is writing important？” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement.I was shocked.Then I realized that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing，in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important.This would have to change.
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering．The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication.However, my students demonstrated something more important to me.When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance—the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
24．Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1
A．Ninth graders.
B．Students' parents.
C．Modern writers.
D．Fictional characters.
25．Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay
A．They were not given enough time.
B．They had a very limited vocabulary.
C．They misunderstood the question.
D．They had little interest in the topic.
26．What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Mixed. B．Amazing.
C．Similar. D．Disturbing.
27．What does the author's experience show
A．Teaching is learning.
B．Still waters run deep.
C．Knowledge is power.
D．Practice makes perfect.
[语篇结构]
[考情分析]
通常每套试卷中一般有一篇记叙文类阅读理解。记叙文类阅读理解以考查细节理解题、推理判断题、词句猜测题和标题归纳题为主。
[文体特点]
1．语言特点：
(1)记叙文以描写、叙述为主。
(2)一般以过去时为主，其余时态为辅，使用丰富多彩的谓语动词；多用动词，特别是动态强的实义动词。
(3)新颖、生动、真实、典型的素材描写。
2．结构特点：
多按照时间先后顺序进行叙述，偶尔也有倒叙或插叙的情况。记叙文中有时会在叙述的基础上，辅以适当的议论，以表明作者的观点、态度和目的，结构上采用“以叙为主，兼顾议论”或“先叙后议”或“夹叙夹议”。
[读文策略]
1．首先弄清楚记叙文的六要素和记叙的顺序，注意多个时间、地点、人物等的情况。厘清事件的起因、经过和结果。
2．阅读记叙文时应留意描写心理活动或文末议论时用到的形容词和副词，这可能涉及作者或者人物的观点和态度。
[学以致用]
24．本题问第一段开头提到的人是谁。根据文章第一段最后一句中的“I found myself wondering just how my students，who'd created these people”可知，是作者的学生创作了上文提到的“a cowboy who saved his town，a strict father...and a modern-day Juliet...”这些人。由此可知，这些人是虚构的人物。故选____项。
25．本题问学生们的第一篇文章写得很差的原因是什么。根据文章第二段倒数第二句中的“writing...simply didn't strike them as important”可知，学生对该写作话题缺乏兴趣，所以写得差。故选____项。
D
D
26．本题问第三段中的画线词staggering是什么意思。根据第二段内容可知，学生们的第一篇文章写得很差。 根据第三段最后一句“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories，10 to 20 pages each，with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.”可知，学生们后续写的文章话题多样、篇幅都有10－20页，且写作人物开阔了作者的视野，打动了作者。综上所述，这两段描述了学生们的不同表现，说明学生们的后续写作让作者感到惊讶。由此可猜测，staggering的意思是“令人吃惊的”。故选____项。
B
27．本题问作者的经历表明了什么。最后一段是作者对这段教学经历的总结和感悟。作者原本认为写作仅是一种沟通的方式，但学生展示了其更深层的意义，即写作能够连接人与人、让我们学会换位思考、使我们明白做人的意义。这一认知转变说明“通过教学，教师也能获得新领悟”，即教学相长。故选____项。
A
文体3 说明文
[典例] (2025·全国二卷·七选五)
Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as
a Family
Are you looking for a way to bring your family together Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults？__36__You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family.
·You'll feel like you have more time.
People often feel they are too busy to volunteer.Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it.__37__
·You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.
__38__Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age.Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.
·__39__
Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence.These effects aren't just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen's well-being in the years to come.
·You'll have more time with family.
Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal.__40__Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way.And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work.
A．Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B．Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C．Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D．Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E．For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F．You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn't know about before.
G．Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
[语篇结构]
[考情分析]
每套试卷阅读理解题通常有一至两篇说明文，每套试卷的七选五一般都是说明文。说明文在阅读理解中考查主旨大意题、词句猜测题、写作意图题和观点、态度题的频率较高。
[文体特点]
信息量大，难词较多，句式复杂，理解起来难度较大。
[读文策略]
1．细读重点：
(1)文章的结构、主题句；各段首、末句中体现作者观点、态度的词句。
(2)有转折处，重要标点处，句子主干处。
2．有选择地略读或跳读：烦琐的例子，并列多项列举，无关大局的生僻词汇，较长的人名、地名。
[学以致用]
36．上文“Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults？”提出问题：“希望找到一个适合全家人的爱好？”结合标题中的“Volunteering as a Family”、下文中的“helping others”和“volunteering will positively affect the whole family”可知，设空处应引出文章主旨，指出志愿服务适合全家人一起参与。____项承上启下，符合语境。
37．根据本段小标题“You'll feel like you have more time.”可知，参与志愿服务会让你感觉有更多的时间。由此可推知，设空处应提到志愿服务与时间管理之间的关系。____项与上文的“you have more of it”相呼应，符合语境。
B
G
38．根据本段小标题“You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.”可知，本段主要介绍定期参与志愿服务对身体健康的益处；再结合下文针对成年人进行的研究可推知，设空处应提到志愿服务与成年人身体健康之间的关系。____项符合语境。
39．根据文章结构可知，设空处为段落小标题。本段第一句陈述在青少年时期参与志愿服务的积极影响，第二句阐述这些影响不是短期的，将持续影响青少年未来的身心健康。由此可知，____项概括了段落主旨，适合作为该段小标题，符合语境。
E
C
40．根据本段小标题“You'll have more time with family.”可知，本段主要介绍参与志愿服务在陪伴家人方面的益处。结合该段中的“have the unique experience”和“connect with each other in a new way”可知，____项补充说明一家人参与志愿服务时家人可能会发现彼此的亮点，与“拥有独特体验”，“以新的方式相互交流”等相呼应，符合语境。
F
文体4 议论文
[典例] (2023·全国乙卷·D) If you want to tell the history of the whole world，a history that does not privilege one part of humanity，you cannot do it through texts alone，because only some of the world has ever had texts，while most of the world，for most of the time，has not.Writing is one of humanity's later achievements，and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects，and some chapters of this book are able to do just that，but in many cases we simply can't.The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict，at Botany Bay，between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.From the English side，we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day.From the Australian side，we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot.If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day，the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides，there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted，especially when only the victors know how to write.Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.The Caribbean Taino，the Australian Aboriginals，the African people of Benin and the Incas，all of whom appear in this book，can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made：a history told through things gives them back a voice.When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these，all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted，only one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of that conversation，we have to read not just the texts，but the objects.
32．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．How past events should be presented.
B．What humanity is concerned about.
C．Whether facts speak louder than words.
D．Why written language is reliable.
33．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A．His report was scientific.
B．He represented the local people.
C．He ruled over Botany Bay.
D．His record was one-sided.
34．What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Problem. B．History.
C．Voice. D．Society.
35．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A．How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B．A Short History of Australia
C．A History of the World in 100 Objects
D．How Art Works Tell Stories
[语篇结构]
[考情分析]
议论文类的文章一般出现在阅读理解中，在新高考试卷中的考查概率很低。题目涉及细节理解题、推理判断题、词句猜测题和主旨大意题。
[文体特点]
1．议论文类文体通常分为三部分：提出问题(引论)→分析问题(本论)→解决问题(结论)。
2．文中往往包含一个新提出的新奇观点和其他以往被普遍认可的观点，下文针对相关观点的合理性及原因等展开讨论。
[读文策略]
1．在阅读过程中寻找主旨句，分析文章结构。
2．分清事实(fact，即论据)与观点(opinion)，尤其要注意不要将某些人的观点与作者本人的观点弄混，这在观点、态度题中要加以注意。
[学以致用]
32．根据文章首段可知，如果你想讲述不偏袒人类历史上任何一方的一段世界历史，你就不能仅依靠文字。文字是人类的后期成果之一，直到最近甚至许多有文字的社会不仅用文字，还用实物来记载他们的重要的事情。所以此段是说过去的历史事件应结合文字和实物来呈现，不能仅靠文字，故____项正确。
33．根据第二段首句“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects ...but in many cases we simply can't.”以及该段最后一句“If we want to reconstruct ... as the written reports.”可知，库克船长的记录是片面的，故____项正确。
A
D
34．根据第三段中的“a history told through things gives them back a voice”和“all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted...but the objects”可知，conversation指的是历史，故____项正确。
35．本文讲述的重点是强调历史实物考证的重要性，故____项正确。
B
C