高考英语二轮复习专题完形填空课件
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专题一 完形填空
[考情分析]
卷别 年份 体裁 主题
语境 话题 词数 考点统计
句内
层次 句组
层次 语篇
层次 实词 虚词
动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词
全国
一卷 2025 记叙文 人与
社会 搬家前
通过网
络分享
物品 245 6 5 4 6 7 2 0 0
卷别 年份 体裁 主题
语境 话题 词数 考点统计
句内
层次 句组
层次 语篇
层次 实词 虚词
动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词
新课标
Ⅰ卷 2024 记叙文 人与
自我 设定目
标要适
合自己 215 5 5 5 8 5 1 1 0
2023 记叙文 人与
社会 帮助受
伤参赛
者 211 6 4 5 5 8 2 0 0
卷别 年份 体裁 主题
语境 话题 词数 考点统计
句内
层次 句组
层次 语篇
层次 实词 虚词
动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词
全国
二卷 2025 记叙文 人与
自我 老奶奶
重燃生
命活力 217 5 6 4 4 8 2 1 0
卷别 年份 体裁 主题
语境 话题 词数 考点统计
句内
层次 句组
层次 语篇
层次 实词 虚词
动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词
新课标
Ⅱ卷 2024 记叙文 人与
自我 在意大
利定居
的原因
及感受 212 7 5 3 9 5 1 0 0
2023 记叙文 人与
社会 飞行员
帮助运
送小狗 205 5 7 3 7 3 4 1 0
[题型解读]
从前面的表可以看出，新高考英语完形填空的语篇选材以记叙文为主，有完整的故事情节，旨在通过故事传达积极向上的主题意义。考查的词类以动词、名词、形容词、副词等为主。设题侧重对语篇的整体考查，对词汇的考查都是在语篇理解的基础上进行的，基本不涉及对语法的考查。
[备考策略]
积累语篇知识 多数语篇有一定的“写作套路”，即挫折或困境→尝试改变→圆满结局→意义阐述。解题时，要整体把握语篇弄清故事缘由，中间经历了怎样的变化，结局是什么，揭示了什么哲理或意义等
把握逻辑关系 完形填空的每一个空都不是孤立存在的，解题时要通过上下文提供的线索来保证所填自主解答的唯一性。除满足词义、用法和搭配的要求外，句间乃至全文的逻辑关系也是重要线索。解题时要在整体把握文章脉络的基础上，按照行文逻辑进行合理推断，并据此找到与文中某些词语有密切关系的选项
把握复现信息 信息复现在完形填空中经常出现，包括原词、同/近义词、反义词、同根/同源词、概括性词汇等。了解这些信息复现现象有助于快速、准确解题
语境化使用词汇 完形填空不仅考查词汇的常用词义，还会考查常见词汇的语境化“新义”，因此要关注词汇在语境中的使用
应用文化背景及生活常识 解答完形填空试题时，有时还需要把头脑中储存的知识和信息与文本结合起来考虑，做出符合常识的最佳选择。特别要关注中西文化的差异
[解题流程]
细研真题
·解锁疑难
技法1 利用首句 明大意
文章或段落的首句有时为主题句，下文内容往往围绕这一主题展开。因此，利用首句所提供的信息判断正确的选项是一种非常有效的解题方法。记叙文往往在首句交代时间、地点、人物、事件等要素，下文将按照一定的线索展开叙述。说明文一般在首句点明要说明的事物是什么，然后对事物的主要特征进行说明。议论文往往在首句提出论点，下文则列出一个个论据证明这一论点。
[典例1] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) On Oct.11，hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.Melanie Bailey should have__41__ the course earlier than she did.
41．A.designed B．followed
C．changed D．finished
[分析] 根据文章首句中的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，Bailey 在参加越野比赛，再根据should have done (意为“本应该做某事”)可知，她本应该更早一些跑完(finished)全程。
[答案] ____
D
[典例2] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) My husband，our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our __41__ are funny，especially from the early years when our children were little.
41．A.ideas B．jokes
C．memories D．discoveries
[分析] 本文第一句提到，在过去的十年里，“我”和丈夫、孩子们有非常棒的露营经历。一句话概括了作者一家多年来的露营经历，下文肯定讲述与露营有关的故事。由文章首句可推测，多年来的露营经历肯定给作者一家留下了许多难忘的回忆(memory)，下文中讲到的故事也都由这些回忆而来。
[答案] ____
C
技法2 瞻前顾后 巧求索
一篇文章往往围绕某个主题展开，相邻的句子往往谈论的是同一件事情，所以句与句之间、段与段之间在语义上一定有关联。理解文章或段落主旨并能够发现上下文之间的这种语义关联，是完形填空重要的解题技巧之一。考生需要考虑设空处与句内其他部分、前后句甚至相隔较远的句子在语义上的一致性。要充分理解语境，利用语义上的关联关系巧妙解题。
[典例] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)In April last year，I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka.They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight__41__．They could not afford to pay for__42__ for their dog，Tiffy，and 43.(desperately) wanted to take her with them.
41．A.turn B．budget
C．schedule D．connection
42．A.food B．shelter
C．medicine D．transportation
41.[分析] 本题为开篇第一题，需要从下文寻找线索，根据空后“They could not afford to pay for ...”可知，他们无法支付某费用。由此可知，此处应表达他们的预算非常紧张。
[答案] ____
42．[分析] 本题需要“瞻前顾后”解答。根据上文的“They had to move to Virginia ... ”以及下文的 “...wanted to take her with them. ”可知这家人想要带上宠物狗一起搬到弗吉尼亚，但是由于预算非常紧张，负担不起狗的运输(transportation)费用。
[答案] ____
B
D
技法3 词汇复现 溯根源
完形填空语篇一般为记叙文或者说明文。无论文本的体裁是什么，文章总有一个核心话题，与该话题有关的内容会在文章中反复出现。很多情况下，我们可以利用信息复现快速确定正确答案。语篇中的信息复现包括原词复现、同义词或近义词复现、代词复现、概括词复现及同范畴词复现等。
原词复现
[典例1] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
On Oct.11，hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. ...
As reported by a local newspaper，Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her __44__ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.
44．A.race B．school
C．town D．training
[分析] 本题可以利用原词复现来解。根据文章第一句可知，该越野赛是在美国明尼苏达州举办的一场比赛。此处是对首句中“race”的原词复现。
[答案] ____
A
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同义词复现
[典例2] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)She 45.(stopped) to help her fellow runner，Danielle Lenoue.Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with __46__．
46．A.courage B．aid
C．patience D．advice
[分析] 本题可利用同义词复现来解。根据空前句可知，Bailey停下来去帮助另一位参赛者。结合设空句内容可知，Bailey搀着那名参赛者的手臂，以确认在这种帮助下她能否往前走，aid “帮助”符合语境。此处aid是对前文中help的同义词复现。
[答案] ____
B
反义词复现
[典例3] (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Our 48.roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.49.Remove bunny from the belt.This was __50__ than it sounds.51.Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up.As I told my parents at dinner that first night，it was all a little more high-pressure than I'd 52.expected．
50．A.harder B．better
C．longer D．cheaper
[分析] 尽管上文提到了“Our 48.roles in the factory were simple”，但根据下文中的“the cakes pile up”和“a little more high-pressure”可知，要完成一系列任务，稍微慢一点，小兔子蛋糕就会堆积起来，此处表示“这比听起来要艰难多了”。 harder与上文中的simple构成了反义词复现。
[答案] ____
A
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技法4 逻辑关系 解疑难
完形填空主要考查语言在特定语境中的应用，所以句子内部、句与句之间以及段落之间往往存在一定的逻辑关系。这些逻辑关系往往由某些标志词表现出来。常见的表示逻辑关系的词语：
1．表示转折的有 however，but，nevertheless，whereas 等；
2．表示条件的有 if，once，unless，in case of 等；
3．表示递进的有 besides，in addition(to)，what's more，even 等；
4．表示让步关系的有 even though，even if，though，although，while，in spite of，despite 等；
5．表示因果关系的有 because，since，for，as，so，therefore，as a result等；
6．表示时间关系的有before，after，when，until 等。
[典例1] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) On Oct.11，hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.Melanie Bailey should have41.(finished) the course earlier than she did.Her __42__ came because she was carrying a 43.(competitor) across the finish line.
42．A.delay B．chance
C．trouble D．excuse
[分析] 本题可以利用因果关系来解。根据空后“because she was carrying a ...”和上文的“should have 41.(finished) the course earlier than she did”可知，此处贝莉延迟到达终点。
[答案] ____
A
[典例2] (2022·全国乙卷)For a long time，this ineffective hiding method was 44.(interpreted) as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures.But our 45.(surprising) research results in child developmental psychology __46__ that idea.
46．A.explained B．confirmed
C．contradicted D．tested
[分析] 上句提到在很长一段时间里，这种无效的躲藏方式被看作儿童是一种以自我为中心的生物的证据；根据But可知，后文与前文为转折关系，所以contradicted that idea“与这一看法矛盾”符合语境。
[答案] ____
C
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技法5 平行结构 最好用
平行结构要求同等重要的、并列的句子成分(思想、概念)要用同类的语法形式来表示，要用并列连词连接，是由意义相关、层次相同、语法结构相同的词组或句子构成的。这样的结构形式整齐，前后对称。有时候考生可根据这些特征选出正确答案。平行结构经常由连词 and，but，as well as，or，both ...and ...，neither ...nor ...，either ...or ...，not only ...but(also) ...，rather than，than 等连接。
[典例] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) ...Bailey then __47__ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line，then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __48.(medical) attention.
Once there，Lenoue was __49__ and later taken to a hospital，where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.
47．A.went away B．stood up
C．stepped aside D．bent down
49．A.interrupted B．assessed
C．identified D．appreciated
47.[分析] 本题可利用平行结构来解。根据“and carried her all the way ...”以及“then another 300 feet ...”可知，Bailey先弯下腰(bent down)让Lenous爬上她的后背，然后背着她直到终点线。
[答案] ____
49．[分析] 本题也可利用平行结构来解。根据空后“and later taken to a hospital”可知，Lenoue被送到医疗急救检查站后，应该是先接受检查并评估病情，再转送到医院进行进一步治疗。
[答案] ____
D
B
技法6 褒贬语境 判曲直
完形填空多采用记叙文，在记叙过程中，经常会出现大量的动作、行为、心理、神态、环境和氛围描写。其中心理和神态描写往往反映主人公的观点、态度和情感等。作者在选用特定的褒义词或贬义词时就表达了自己的感情倾向和意愿。
考生在做完形填空时，要仔细体会作者所用词汇的褒贬含义，揣摩作者的思想和情感。通过分析词汇的感彩，准确把握褒贬语境，很多题目就可以迎刃而解。
[典例1] (2023·全国甲卷)．..But when we looked at the tomatoes，we were __46__ because they were so misshapen：not at all like the nice，round，47.(shiny) things you get in a supermarket.
46．A.worried B．moved
C．thrilled D．bored
[分析] 本题可利用褒贬语境来解。根据下文的“because they were so misshapen”可知，作者看到邻居送的西红柿奇形怪状，和从超市买到的差别很大，所以此处是作者担心这些西红柿不好吃。
[答案] ____
A
[典例2] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)My husband，our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our 41.(memories) are funny，especially from the early years when our children were little ...
Now，every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage，we are filled with a sense of __54__，wondering what camping fun and 55.(adventure) we will experience next.
54．A.relief B．duty
C．pride D．excitement
[分析] 由第一段中的“wonderful camping experiences”，第二段中的“Some of our 41.(memories) are funny”以及空后的“what camping fun”所体现的感彩可知，作者一家很喜爱露营活动。a sense of excitement“兴奋感”，符合作者的态度。
[答案] ____
D
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技法7 固定搭配 助解题
完形填空试题除了考查在特定语境中词汇的运用之外，还经常考查固定搭配的使用。英语中的固定搭配非常多，有些固定搭配形式非常相似，考生要结合具体语境仔细辨别，平时一定要多加积累。
[典例1] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)After some goodbyes，I asked George and his wife to help me __51__Tiffy into the plane.
51．A.feed B．follow
C．change D．load
[分析] 根据空前的“After some goodbyes”可知，道别之后，作者应该要带Tiffy一起出发了。再结合空后的“into the plane”可推知，此处应是指将Tiffy装载到飞机上。load ...into ...为固定搭配，“把……装载到……上”。
[答案] ____
D
[典例2] (2022·全国甲卷)The next week we 47.(walked) our dogs together.It was a hot day.When we paused to catch our __48__，Steve got down on one knee.
48．A.breath B．balance
C．attention D．imagination
[分析] 前面提到天气炎热，再由空前的“we paused”可知，此处指“我们”停下来喘口气。catch one's breath 意为“喘口气”，为固定搭配。
[答案] ____
A
技法8 生活常识 巧利用
高考完形填空的语篇中交织渗透着各种背景知识和常识。考生在做题时，除了通过上下文语境来判断之外，还可以充分利用个人的经验和常识，从而快速、准确地判断出答案。
[典例1] (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to __47__ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.
47．A.remind B．allow
C．persuade D．order
[分析] 结合常识可知，热心的邻居会给作者拿来新做的奶酪并且在下雨的时候来作者家门前“提醒(remind)”他关上车窗。
[答案] ____
A
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[典例2] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)I promised to take care of Tiffy and __52__ them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
52．A.call B．join
C．leave D．serve
[分析] 本题可利用常识来解。结合常识可知，人们在远行到达目的地时，就会打电话报平安。所以作者承诺一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话(call)。
[答案] ____
A
技法9 排除大法 勿忘记
完形填空的有些试题可能无法通过上下文语境直接得出答案，这时考生可利用排除法解题。先排除明显的错误选项，缩小选择的范围，然后利用代入法，将选项一一代入原句中，通过翻译、对比，最终确定答案。
[典例1] (2023·全国甲卷) Many years ago，I bought a house in the Garfagnana，where we still go every summer.The first time we __41__there，we heard the chug-chug-chug of a motorbike 42.(making) its way down the hill toward us.
41．A.waited B．met
C．camped D．stayed
[分析] 本题可利用排除法来解。空前句提到，作者多年前在Garfagnana买了一栋房子，每年夏天都会去那里。由此可推知，空处所在句描述的是他们第一次去 Garfagnana 的房子时所发生的事情。因此，可排除 A、 B两项。作者他们已经购买了房子，因此他们去那里应是住在房子里，而不需要露营。故排除C项。
[答案] ____
D
[典例2] (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Like many young people，Jessica wants to travel the globe.Unlike most of them，this 25-year-old is doing it __41__ .She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world，stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.It might sound like one long，expensive 42.(vacation)，but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel 43.(affordable)．
41．A.indoors B．online
C．single-handed D．full-time
[分析] 环球旅游不可能在室内或网上完成，排除A和B；下文提到“She and her husband”，显然不是一个人旅游，排除C项 single-handed(独自)，故选 D。根据空后一句，她和丈夫在过去的两年里周游世界，即全部时间在旅游，印证了D项符合语境。
[答案] ____
D
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A
Dr.Smith of New York works at a center for children who can't learn well.One day a father brought his son to him for __1__at his office.
The father told Dr.Smith about his son，“My son has __2__ in learning and can't even play baseball.He isn't doing well because he doesn't try.I have done everything for him.I have even shouted at him.But nothing __3__．”
巧刷模拟
·巩固提高
After Dr.Smith tested the boy，he __4__ his father.He asked the father to sit in front of a __5__and then gave him a pencil and a piece of paper.There was a __6__ on the paper.He asked the father to look only in the mirror and __7__ the lines of the star with the pencil.The father made the same __8__anyone made.Every time he __9__ the pencil，it went the wrong way.The father's face became red.
At this __10__ the doctor shouted at him，“Hurry up! Why are you __11__ so long？You can't do such an __12__ thing! You don't know left from right！” These __13__ made the father very angry.
“Now you can __14__，can't you？” the doctor said to him.“Your son has felt just like that all the time.You scolded (训斥) him too often，so he didn't try any more.He was afraid of making mistakes.” __15__ the father understood everything.He put his face down.Now he felt so sorry.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。一个父亲总是训斥孩子，导致孩子在学习方面有问题，甚至不能打棒球。他便带孩子去做测试。经过一次测试和医生的谈话，这个父亲意识到自身的问题。这个故事引人深思，好的教育是欣赏而不是训斥。
1．A.testing B．acting
C．teaching D．playing
解析：A 根据第三段中的“After Dr.Smith tested the boy”可知，这个父亲带孩子来找Dr.Smith 的目的是测试孩子。故选A。
2．A.confidence B．interest
C．experience D．difficulty
解析：D 根据本段中的“My son has __2__ in learning and can't even play baseball.He isn't doing well because he doesn't try.”可知，这个父亲认为孩子什么都做不好，说明他认为这个孩子应该是在学习上有困难。故选D。
3．A.returns B．helps
C．appears D．remains
解析：B 根据本段中的“I have done everything for him.I have even shouted at him.But nothing”可知，这个父亲认为该做的都做了，甚至都朝孩子大声嚷嚷了。but 表示转折，说明父亲做的事情并没有起任何作用。故选B。
4．A.waited for B．searched for
C．believed in D．called in
解析：D 根据上文中的“After Dr.Smith tested the boy”以及下文中的“He asked the father to sit in front of a __5__ and then gave him a pencil and a piece of paper.”可知，Dr.Smith 让这个父亲坐下，然后给了他一支铅笔和一张纸，说明Dr.Smith把这个父亲叫过去了。故选D。
5．A.mirror B．television
C．painting D．desk
解析：A 根据下文中的“He asked the father to look only in the mirror”可知，这个父亲面前是一面镜子。故选A。
6．A.face B．line
C．number D．star
解析：D 根据下文中的“and __7__the lines of the star with the pencil”可知，纸上有一颗星星。故选D。
7．A.remove B．follow
C．cross D．cut
解析：B 根据前文“gave him a pencil and a piece of paper.There was a __6__ on the paper”可知，此处应该是用铅笔描绘星星的线条。故选B。
8．A.decisions B．choices
C．mistakes D．patterns
解析：C 根据下文中的“Every time he __9__ the pencil，it went the wrong way.”可知，这个父亲每次一移动笔，就描错了。这个父亲犯了任何一个人都会犯的错误。故选C。
9．A.touched B．dropped
C．moved D．sharpened
解析：C 参见上题解析。
10．A.speed B．corner
C．end D．point
解析：D 由语境可知，这个父亲每次描绘都会出错，他脸红了。在这个时候，Dr.Smith 朝他大声嚷嚷。at this point“在这个时候”。故选D项。
11．A.staying B．taking
C．preparing D．writing
解析：B 根据“Hurry up！”可知，Dr.Smith在朝这个父亲嚷嚷为什么花费这么长时间。故选B。
12．A.easy B．important
C．obvious D．exciting
解析：A 根据语境和常识可知，描绘物体的线条应是一件简单的事。故选A。
13．A.ideas B．words
C．questions D．instructions
解析：B 根据语境可知，Dr.Smith说的这些话(words)让这个父亲非常生气。故选B。
14．A.relax B．leave
C．understand D．promise
解析：C 根据下文的“Your son has felt just like that all...making mistakes.”和“understood everything”可知，Dr.Smith用这种方法让父亲明白孩子的感受。故选C。
15．A.Interestingly B．Absolutely
C．Suddenly D．Unfortunately
解析：C 根据语境可知，听了Dr.Smith 的话，这个父亲突然明白了一切，低下头，感到很抱歉。故选C。
B
Making a family
For years，Dad had avoided raising a dog.Whenever the __16__ came up，Dad said，“Dogs are a pain.I don't want to be __17__．” Despite his opposition，Mom brought a puppy named Chip that transformed us all.
Instead of being a self-absorbed teenager，I began to __18__ someone else.I had promised that if we got a dog，I'd be __19__，and I was.I fed and walked him every day.Chip taught me about __20__ and consequences.I learned that it is rewarding to take care of others.And this __21__ stayed with me as I grew.
Mom was always __22__to have someone just sit and listen，but our busy family didn't sit still for that.Chip would sit with Mom，__23__his head at times and looking into Mom's eyes.
The biggest __24__was from Dad.Dad was the first to allow him to sit on the sofa.He even made toys for him.Chip __25__ Dad's heart.
Chip united us.After dinner，we'd review __26__ tricks or teach him new ones.We'd __27__ funny stories of the cute things he had done that day.The important thing was that we'd do these together as a __28__．
People sometimes __29__ that pet lovers treat their pets too much like humans.It isn't that they are abandoning humanity；rather，their pets stimulate the __30__ of their humanity.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者的父亲一直反对养狗，但是自从母亲带回来一只小狗后，这只小狗改变了全家，让全家团结了起来。
16．A.topic B．news
C．question D．doubt
解析：A 根据上文的“For years，Dad had avoided raising a dog.”可知，多年来父亲一直不愿意养狗。再根据下文的“Dad said，‘Dogs are a pain.’”可知，此处是说每次提到养狗的话题时，父亲说养狗是一件令人头疼的事。故选A。
17．A.replaced B．defeated
C．bothered D．monitored
解析：C 根据上文的“Dad said，‘Dogs are a pain.’”可知，父亲说养狗是一件令人头疼的事，因此父亲嫌麻烦。故选C。
18．A.rely on B．run after
C．play with D．care for
解析：D 根据上文的“Instead of being a self-absorbed teenager”和下文的“I learned that it is rewarding to take care of others.”可知，作者不再是一个只关心自己的青少年，开始照顾别人。故选D。
19．A.sensible B．responsible
C．ambitious D．generous
解析：B 根据下文的“I fed and walked him every day.”可知，作者每天喂狗并遛狗，说明作者保证自己会成为一个有责任心的人。故选B。
20．A.actions B．words
C．effects D．costs
解析：A 根据下文内容可知，通过养这只狗，全家人在行动上做出了改变，这带来一系列好的结果。故此处是指这只小狗教会作者行动和结果。故选A。
21．A.routine B．lesson
C．habit D．hobby
解析：B 根据上文的“I learned that it is rewarding to take care of others.”可知，作者学到了照顾他人是值得的，这是这只小狗给作者上的一课。故选B。
22．A.dying B．unwilling
C．disappointed D．annoyed
解析：A 根据下文的“but our busy family didn't sit still for that.Chip would sit with Mom”可知，其他人都非常忙碌没有时间坐下来听母亲说话，Chip会蹲下来陪伴母亲，因此她非常想要有个人坐下来听她说说话。故选A。be dying to do sth.“极想做某事”。
23．A.nodding B．lowering
C．hanging D．raising
解析：D 根据空后的“looking into Mom‘s eyes”可知，Chip时不时看向母亲；再根据常识可知，小狗蹲下来看向人时做出的动作是抬起头。故选D。
24．A.change B．challenge
C．problem D．threat
解析：A 根据上文的“For years，Dad had avoided raising a dog.”可知，父亲一直不愿意养狗。又根据下文的“Dad was the first to allow him to sit on the sofa.He even made toys for him.”可知，父亲是家里第一个让Chip坐沙发的人，甚至还给Chip制作玩具。由此可知，父亲前后态度形成反差，故父亲是发生变化最大的一个人。故选A。
25．A.protected B．followed
C．softened D．hardened
解析：C 根据上文的“Dad was the first to allow him to sit on the sofa.He even made toys for him.”可知，父亲从最初不愿意养狗到现在给狗制作玩具，说明Chip让父亲的心变得柔软了。故选C。
26．A.previous B．complex
C．simple D．basic
解析：A 根据空前的“review”和下文的“or teach him new ones” 可知，此处指晚饭后，作者他们会复习之前的技巧或者教Chip新的技巧。故选A。
27．A.create B．cover
C．share D．read
解析：C 根据空前的“Chip united us.”和语境可知，晚饭后，所有人一起分享当天Chip做的可爱的滑稽故事。故选C。
28．A.committee B．family
C．company D．group
解析：B 根据文章标题“Making a family”和语境可知，最重要的是作者他们做这些事的时候是一家人一起。故选B。
29．A.hope B．approve
C．explain D．complain
解析：D 根据下文的“pet lovers treat their pets too much like humans”和常识可知，人们有时诉说为什么喜爱宠物的人对待宠物像对待人一样。故选D。
30．A.darkness B．weakness
C．future D．beauty
解析：D 结合全文可知，作者一家因为养了一只宠物狗，家庭变得更温馨更幸福。再根据本句句意可知，宠物激发出人性美。故选D。
训练17 完形填空——记叙文（一）
(限时：30分钟)
A
The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest.I was on my way to __1__a unique honey harvest.Here，in south-east Ethiopia，hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the__2__．Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often__3__．
课时规范
训练17-20
I__4__beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.Ziyad began preparations.He__5__handfuls of damp tree leaves，wrapped them with string，and__6__ the bunch to create a torch(火把)．Then，with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree，Ziyad began__7__．He stopped every few minutes to move the __8__higher up the tree trunk.
__9__，Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.Sitting on a branch，he__10__towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive.Suddenly，Ziyad let out a sharp cry.Within seconds，he'd__11__the trunk and was back on the ground.
It was too__12__to collect the honey.A cool summer had delayed__13__．Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢)．The adult bees were __14__ and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree.He had to wait for the right__15__to go back up.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者前往Harenna Forest，跟随着养蜂人Ziyad目睹了一次采蜂蜜的过程。
1．A.share B．collect
C．celebrate D．witness
解析：D 根据下文内容可知，作者见证了蜂蜜丰收的全过程，故选D。
2．A.courtyards B．fields
C．treetops D．caves
解析：C 根据下文的“Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground”和“Ziyad escaped from the tree”可知，养蜂人Ziyad爬到了离地面约20米的高处，故可知蜂箱应该在树顶，故选C。
3．A.urgent B．dangerous
C．expensive D．pointless
解析：B 由下文内容可知Ziyad要爬到距离地面约20米的树顶采蜂蜜，结合下文的“kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree”可知，这个行为时常是危险的，故选B。
4．A.searched B．recognised
C．followed D．invited
解析：C 由下文内容可知，作者目睹了Ziyad采蜜的过程，故作者跟着养蜂人Ziyad经过草地并进入茂密的丛林去收获蜂蜜，故选C。
5．A.gathered B．cleaned
C．dropped D．checked
解析：A 根据下文的“wrapped them with string，and __6__ the bunch to create a torch(火把)”可知，Ziyad把一把把潮湿的树叶收集起来，再用绳子绑成一束做成火把，故选A。
6．A.shook B．lit
C．measured D．decorated
解析：B 结合上题解析及下文的“blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive”可知，Ziyad点燃了树叶做成的火把，还把烟吹进了蜂箱里的小洞中，故选B。
7．A.jumping B．talking
C．testing D．climbing
解析：D 结合下文内容可知，Ziyad爬到离地面约20米的树顶；再由上文的“with one end of a rope ...trunk of a tree”可知，Ziyad已经做好开始爬树的准备了，故选D。
8．A.hives B．leaves
C．rope D．honey
解析：C 根据上题解析可知，Ziyad是绑着绳子沿着树干向上爬的，因此他每隔几分钟停一下拉一下绳子以方便继续往上爬，故选C。
9．A.Finally B．Surprisingly
C．Naturally D．Immediately
解析：A 由空后的“Ziyad got close to the hive”可知，最终，Ziyad已经到达树顶了，故选A。
10．A.backed B．dived
C．shouted D．inched
解析：D 由上文可知，收获蜂蜜是一个艰难且危险的工作，而且是在离地面约20米的树顶上作业，因此Ziyad应该是小心翼翼地朝着蜂箱缓慢移动，故选D。
11．A.cut off B．gone up
C．slid down D．held onto
解析：C 由空后的“was back on the ground”可知，Ziyad从树上回到地面上了，故选C。
12．A.high B．early
C．fast D．close
解析：B 由下文的“A cool summer ...still in the honeycombs(蜂巢)．”可知，幼蜂还在蜂巢里，没有出去采蜜，因此那时还不是收获蜂蜜的时候，故选B。
13．A.hatching B．training
C．sowing D．trading
解析：A 结合空前、空后内容可知，现在收获蜂蜜太早了，幼蜂还没长到足够大出去采蜜，因此可推测是气候原因延迟了蜜蜂的孵化，故选A。
14．A.curious B．hungry
C．bored D．angry
解析：D 由上文的“Suddenly，Ziyad let out a sharp cry”及语境可知，Ziyad把火把的烟吹到蜂巢里的小洞中这个行为惹恼了成年的蜜蜂，因此成年蜜蜂一直在攻击他，故选D。
15．A.moment B．equipment
C．person D．order
解析：A 根据第13题的解析可知，现在不是收获蜂蜜的时机，还需等待一个合适的时候，故选A。
B
I pulled over and one of the boys standing by the road asked for some water.
My heart__16__when I heard this.In Wilcannia，where I now worked as a primary school teacher with a six-month contract，there was a drought.Quickly__17__my car，I gave a bottle to the children before saying goodbye.Moments like this reminded me just how__18__I'd come from my old life as a teacher hundreds of kilometers away in Sydney.
In my first lesson with Year Six I made a__19__for our class：Mistakes are expected，respected and corrected.We posted this on the wall in the classroom as a__20__to students.I hoped it would give students__21__to keep moving forward.We__22__so well that by the end of month-one，I__23__my contract to a full year in the rural or remote place!
A real__24__was helping with the town's annual kids' fashion parade(游行)．But the COVID-19 pandemic__25__a move to online learning.So I __26__students to film videos of themselves singing From Little Things Big Things Grow.The children's performance won wild applause.And__27__I was awarded the Best Music Teacher of the Year.This sort of __28__ was such an honour!
Now，three years later，I'm__29__in Wilcannia.People always ask me how long I plan to stay here，and then comes my__30__reply：“Another year.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从悉尼去了Wilcannia做小学教师，他只签了6个月的合同。但在执教的过程中，作者与孩子们建立了很好的关系，因此他把合同延长到了1年。作者还因自己的工作表现良好，获得了年度最佳音乐老师奖项。三年过去了，作者依然在这里教书。当别人问他还会在这里待多久时，作者的回答总是“再教一年”。
16．A.sank B．beat
C．melted D．raced
解析：A 根据语境可知，站在路边的一个男孩向作者要水；根据下文中的“In Wilcannia ...there was a drought.”可知，这个地方发生了旱灾，作者的心情应该很沮丧。
17．A.checking B．searching
C．mending D．parking
解析：B 根据下文中的“I gave a bottle to the children”可知，作者在车上找了一下。
18．A.fast B．soon
C．long D．far
解析：D 根据下文中的“hundreds of kilometers away in Sydney”可知，作者从很远的悉尼来到Wilcannia教书，且过去的生活和现在的生活也相去甚远。
19．A.decision B．motto
C．change D．plan
解析：B 根据下文中的“Mistakes are expected，respected and corrected.We posted this on the wall in the classroom”可以推测，作者为班级制订了一条格言。
20．A.reminder B．symbol
C．gift D．picture
解析：A 根据语境和常识可知，把班训贴在教室的墙上是为了提醒学生按班训要求的去做，因此，班训成了一个提醒物。
21．A.experiences B．capacity
C．confidence D．signals
解析：C 根据班训的内容“Mistakes are expected，respected and corrected”可知，作者鼓励孩子们不要怕犯错误，要有信心勇往直前。
22．A.bonded B．behaved
C．reacted D．operated
解析：A 根据下文中的“I__23__ my contract to a full year”可以推断，作者和孩子们建立了很好的关系。
23．A.restricted B．maintained
C．drafted D．extended
解析：D 根据上文中的“with a six-month contract”可知，“my contract to a full year”表明作者的合同延长了。
24．A.chance B．highlight
C．love D．routine
解析：B 根据下文中的“the town's annual kids' fashion parade(游行)”和常识可知，帮助镇上一年一度的儿童时尚游行是作者执教过程中的高光时刻。
25．A.added B．led
C．kept D．saw
解析：D 根据语境和常识可知，新型冠状病毒感染也见证了学生从线下学习到线上学习的变化。
26．A.expected B．employed
C．guided D．troubled
解析：C 根据上文内容可知，新型冠状病毒感染导致课程转为线上形式，再结合常识可知，此处是指作者指导学生拍摄自己唱歌的视频。
27．A.gradually B．subsequently
C．frequently D．temporarily
解析：B 根据故事发展脉络可知，学生的表现获得了很多掌声，作者后来也获得了年度最佳音乐老师这一奖项。
28．A.recognition B．impression
C．expression D．appointment
解析：A 根据上文中的“I was awarded the Best Music Teacher of the Year”可知，作者的努力得到了认可。
29．A.already B．again
C．still D．also
解析：C 根据语境可知，三年过去了，作者仍然在Wilcannia教书。
30．A.timely B．typical
C．correct D．heartfelt
解析：D 根据上文中作者与学生们建立了良好的关系和自己的工作得到了认可可以推断，“Another year”是作者对还会执教多久真诚的答复。
训练18 完形填空——记叙文（二）
(限时：30分钟)
A
My nine-year-old daughter，Vivien，is a little princess.Under__1__ circumstances，she can't even pour herself a glass of milk.So when I came home__2__ with fever，my first thought was，“How would Vivien react？”
At 3：30 p．m.，I__3__ myself out of bed and drove to pick her up.On the way home，I said，“Sweetheart，Mommy's really sick.Can you fix your own meal tonight？”“That's okay，”she replied__4__．
When we arrived home，I__5__ back to bed.Every now and then，I would wake from a feverish sleep to find a little angel__6__ over me with some goodwill offerings，a cool washcloth to wipe my hot brow，a bell to ring if I__7__ anything，a picture she had drawn to__8__ me up.
Throughout the evening，Vivien issued periodic reports on her progress with the evening__9__．“I just made myself a salad.”Or，“I'm running my bath now.”I smiled to myself under the__10__．
Then at bedtime，Vivien__11__ a little book she made，entitled“I LOVE YOU MOMMY.”The first page__12__，“Thank you for all you did for me，MOMMY.”
I felt a wave of gratitude for the__13__that had given my little princess the opportunity to__14__—and me the opportunity to __15__—what an angel she truly was.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者娇生惯养的女儿在作者发烧生病的时候，贴心地照顾她，这件事体现了女儿的懂事孝顺。
1．A.extreme B．special
C．certain D．normal
解析：D 根据空前“a little princess”可知，作者的女儿是个小公主，娇生惯养的。根据空后“she can't even pour herself a glass of milk”和常识可知，在正常情况下，她甚至不会给自己倒一杯牛奶。故选D。
2．A.complaining B．trembling
C．wondering D．crying
解析：B 根据空后的“with fever”和常识可知，作者到家时发着烧，应是浑身发抖。故选B。
3．A.urged B．advised
C．dragged D．threw
解析：C 根据语境可知，此处表示的是作者发烧身体虚弱但不得不开车把女儿接回来。drag myself out of bed“把自己从床上拖起来”。故选C。
4．A.happily B．hurriedly
C．confidently D．guiltily
解析：C 根据空前的“That's okay”和下文的内容可知，女儿自信地回答可以自己解决晚餐。故选C。
5．A.dashed B．fell
C．marched D．rolled
解析：B 根据下文的“Every now and then，I would wake from a feverish sleep”并结合常识可知，作者因身体虚弱，又回到床上睡了。fall“落下，进入(某状态)”，符合作者现在生病的身体状况。故选B。
6．A.bending B．coming
C．going D．taking
解析：A 根据下文的“a cool washcloth to wipe my hot brow”可知，女儿弯腰给作者一块凉爽的毛巾擦作者滚烫的额头。故选A。
7．A.said B．forgot
C．dreamed D．wanted
解析：D 根据空前的“a bell to ring”可知，作者如果想要任何东西的话，可以摇铃铛。故选D。
8．A.clear B．cheer
C．call D．wake
解析：B 根据空前的“a picture she had drawn”可知，女儿给了作者一幅女儿自己画的画来让作者高兴起来。cheer sb.up“使……变得高兴起来”符合语境。故选B。
9．A.program B．news
C．weather D．routine
解析：D 根据空后女儿的话可知，Vivien作了晚上惯例进度的阶段性报告。故选D。
10．A.blankets B．stairs
C．roof D．sofa
解析：A 根据作者生病卧床和常识可知，毯子是床上的用物，符合作者生病在床上休息的状态。故选A。
11．A.published B．wrote
C．showed D．bought
解析：C 根据语境和常识可知，九岁的女儿在睡觉之前给作者展示了一本她自己做的小书。故选C。
12．A.read B．painted
C．covered D．printed
解析：A 根据空后的“Thank you for all you did for me，MOMMY.”可知，这是书上写的内容。read在此意为“写着”。故选A。
13．A.accident B．night
C．report D．illness
解析：D 根据上文可知，女儿非常贴心地照顾作者，是因为作者生病。故选D。
14．A.demonstrate B．perform
C．practice D．function
解析：A 根据上下文内容可知，女儿通过作者生病这个契机来证明自己对母亲的爱。作者感激这场病，因为这场病给了小公主这样一个机会。故选A。
15．A.relax B．escape
C．appreciate D．imagine
解析：C 作者感激这场病，因为它给作者一个机会去理解女儿是一个真正的好孩子。故选C。
B
I'm approaching the Knight Street Bridge in my car.It's 5：15 p．m.The traffic is already__16__ and then it comes to a full stop.I'm__17__even before getting on the bridge.Ahead of me are endless rows of__18__，roughly 300.
When I finally__19__it onto the bridge，the traffic is still moving at a slow pace.Tired and hungry，I become very __20__．
Just then I hear a weak sound in the distance.The sound gradually becomes louder，until I can __21__it as an emergency vehicle approaching from behind.What do we do？The bridge is__22__．There's no room for us to move.
But I'm wrong.Every single car quickly，yet __23__，moves to the side.Without thinking，I follow suit.The lane(车道)remains__24__for a few seconds，during which the ambulance__25__through.Afterward，we close up the emergency lane，ready to continue our wait.Back in my__26__，my anxiety is gone.I start__27__what we just did.
Despite our tiredness，we collectively drew on our compassion(同情)and__28__to help the stranger who needed the time more __29__ than we did without any orders.Although I may seem alone stuck on the bridge，I'm__30__to all the other drivers.Together we could make the impossible possible.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。“我”遭遇交通拥堵和其他车辆被堵在桥上。这时一辆救护车过来，每个司机都小心地让出一条道来，因为我们知道病人比我们更需要时间。
16．A.rushing in B．turning up
C．pulling over D．slowing down
解析：D 根据下文的“then it comes to a full stop”可知，随后车流完全停了下来，由此可以推知，车辆开始减速。
17．A.stuck B．fixed
C．lost D．wrapped
解析：A 根据上文的“it comes to a full stop”可知，车辆停了下来，再结合该句内容和下文尾段中的“stuck on the bridge”可知，“我”在上桥前就被困住了。
18．A.passers-by B．drivers
C．vehicles D．taxis
解析：C 根据空前的“The traffic”，再结合该句中的“endless rows”可知，“我”前面是数不尽的车辆，大约有300辆。
19．A.reach B．make
C．step D．get
解析：B 根据下文的“onto the bridge”可知，当“我”终于成功开到桥上时，车流仍然缓慢移动。
20．A.disappointed B．joyful
C．excited D．anxious
解析：D 根据下文的“my anxiety is gone”可知，“我”又累又饿，十分焦急。
21．A.realize B．identify
C．imagine D．sense
解析：B 根据下文的“as an emergency vehicle approaching from behind”可知，“我”能从逐渐变大的声音中辨认出那是一辆从后面驶来的救护车。
22．A.filled B．locked
C．packed D．narrowed
解析：C 根据下文的“There's no room for us to move”，再结合上文叙述的交通堵塞、车辆被困可知，桥上已经没有可以移动的空间了；由此可知，桥上非常拥挤。
23．A.carefully B．gradually
C．casually D．suddenly
解析：A 根据上文内容和常识可知，桥上非常拥挤，每辆车快速而又小心地移到一侧。
24．A.open B．messy
C．crowded D．convenient
解析：A 根据上文内容和常识可知，司机给救护车让道，道路畅通保持了几秒钟。
25．A.crashes B．breaks
C．jumps D．flashes
解析：D 根据上文的“for a few seconds”和常识可知，救护车为赶时间快速通过。
26．A.car B．seat
C．spot D．sight
解析：C 根据上文内容和常识可知，桥上的司机为了给救护车让道会把车开到一边，救护车通过之后，司机便把车开回原来的位置。
27．A.bringing up B．reflecting upon
C．referring to D．focusing on
解析：B 根据下文的“what we just did”和最后一段内容可知，“我”开始反思我们所做的事情。
28．A.gratitude B．generosity
C．intelligence D．expectation
解析：C 根据上文的“There's no room for us to move.”“But I'm wrong.”和空前的“drew on our compassion(同情)and”可知，“我”本想着没空间给救护车让道，但“我”错了。尽管我们很累，但我们一起用自己的同情和智慧去帮助那些比我们更迫切需要时间的陌生人。
29．A.desperately B．patiently
C．flexibly D．temporarily
解析：A 根据空前的“who needed the time more”，再结合常识可知，救护车中的病人极需要时间。
30．A.devoted B．connected
C．exposed D．abandoned
解析：B 根据语境可知，由于交通堵塞，“我”和其他司机都被困在桥上；再由该句中的“to all the other drivers”和空后的“Together”可知，虽然“我”看起来像是独自一人被困在桥上，但“我”与其他所有司机都联系在一起。
训练19 完形填空——夹叙夹议文
(限时：30分钟)
A
Early spring can be a tough time in the Midwest.It can__1__both people and animals with its unexpected snowstorms.
Every spring，migratory (迁徙的) birds camp out in a large pond near my house on the way to their summer__2__．This year，besides geese and scaups，a type of diving duck spent days hanging out__3__eats.Then a snowstorm hit，followed by a very __4__ night.
The next morning，I was shocked to see that all birds had __5__overnight—except one lone female that was diving__6__and dynamically in the circle of open water.Her movements and body heat had kept the__7__ from coming close as I __8__her from my warm house.
However，as the temperature dropped，the open water got smaller，and her movements slowed.I watched with__9__ as she eventually stopped moving，fearing that something might happen.
And then it happened：Two more ducks appeared，__10__ next to her still body.More ducks came and the circle of water came alive with their splashing and diving.Slowly，the circle of water __11__in size.Within minutes，the lone female was revived by her friends' presence.
This little duck wouldn't have__12__another night without her friends.She，in turn，had kept that area of water__13__，so her friends had a place to stop and__14__ themselves.Sometimes，a tiny action—even our mere__15__—might brighten one's day，and even save one's life.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。美国中西部的初春极其寒冷。对于候鸟来说这段时间尤为煎熬。许多候鸟会在作者家附近的大池塘落脚，然而一场暴风雪袭来，所有鸟几乎都消失了，只有一只孤独的雌鸭子在水中不停扑腾以防水面结冰，但是随着温度降低，它不动了，作者很担心。后来，池塘里来了其他鸭子，这只筋疲力尽的鸭子在大家的陪伴下恢复了活力，而它的努力也为同伴换来了一片开阔的落脚之地。
1．A.scare B．move
C．surprise D．beat
解析：C 根据下文中的“with its unexpected snowstorms”可知，突如其来的暴风雪会让人和动物都惊讶不已。
2．A.camp B．vacations
C．courses D．habitat
解析：D 根据常识可知，候鸟迁徙是为了找到适宜的栖息地。
3．A.regardless of B．in search of
C．in addition to D．as for
解析：B 结合语境可知，这些小动物四处走动是为了寻找食物。
4．A.dark B．starry
C．peaceful D．freezing
解析：D 根据上文中的“a snowstorm hit”可知，暴风雪来袭，夜晚肯定很寒冷。
5．A.gathered B．disappeared
C．panicked D．fainted
解析：B 根据语境和下文中的“except one lone female that was diving”可推知，一夜之间，几乎所有的鸟都消失了。
6．A.energetically B．patiently
C．calmly D．cautiously
解析：A 空处与空后的“dynamically”并列，都表示这只鸭子在水里干劲十足地拨动水面。
7．A.ice B．house
C．snowstorm D．water
解析：A 结合语境、常识和下文中的“so her friends had a place to stop”可知，这只鸭子在水中拨动水面是为了防止水面结冰。
8．A.tended B．followed
C．watched D．recorded
解析：C 此处呼应下文中的“I watched”。
9．A.relief B．doubt
C．anxiety D．pleasure
解析：C 根据下文中的“as she eventually stopped moving，fearing that something might happen”可知，这只鸭子不动了，作者焦虑地注视着它，害怕会有什么事发生。
10．A.rowing B．landing
C．circling D．feeding
解析：B 根据语境和下文中的“More ducks came and the circle of water came alive with their splashing and diving ...presence.”可知，另两只鸭子落在了这只鸭子的身边。
11．A.increased B．decreased
C．transformed D．formed
解析：A 根据语境和上文中的“the circle of water came alive with their splashing and diving”可以推断，水面扩大了。
12．A.spared B．wasted
C．spent D．lasted
解析：D 根据上文中的“she eventually stopped moving”和“the lone female was revived by her friends' presence”可知，没有其他朋友出现的话，这只鸭子撑不了额外一晚。
13．A.still B．open
C．clean D．steady
解析：B 此处呼应上文中的“that was diving__6__and dynamically in the circle of open water”，说的是这只鸭子为使池塘里的开放水域不结冰，通过不断游动保持其开阔。
14．A.motivate B．remind
C．judge D．refresh
解析：D 根据常识可知，候鸟找到一个落脚地的话，就可以在此休整并恢复精力。
15．A.presence B．appreciation
C．attitude D．request
解析：A 空处呼应上文中的“the lone female was revived by her friends' presence”，作者触景生情，不禁感慨：有时候，一个小小的举动，甚至只是我们的存在，就可以使别人心情愉快甚至挽救别人的生命。
B
Dad is a busy mechanic.Every Saturday he puts on his apron and produces delicious bread.I think he bakes to__16__．
I've been feeling stressed out myself as I found out I didn't__17__ for the swim team.Now I'll have to wait a whole year to try out again.Dad knew how I__18__，so this Saturday he invited me to help him bake.
Dad first got out everything needed，and then told me to__19__the ingredients (原料) with a spoon.After that he showed me how to knead the dough (揉面团)．It took only ten minutes but a(n)__20__ amount of energy to complete.
Next came the__21__ part—doing nothing.We waited for the dough to slowly__22__，then punched (用拳猛击) it down and waited for it to rise again.Dad said the waiting is always the hardest part as you have to__23__the thought of putting the dough__24__ into the oven.
While we waited，we sat and talked.__25__ is like the dough that rises and fills a room with emptiness__26__ you punch it down with words.It felt good to listen and share our__27__．As the flour dust quietly__28__，time seemed to slow down.The dough would rise at its own__29__．We could do nothing to make it rise faster.
I learned how to bake，and I also learned to__30__ the slowly ticking rhythm of time，to relax and let the dough rise.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者因落选游泳队而闷闷不乐。父亲看到了作者的焦虑不安，因此邀请作者帮忙烘焙。父子二人拌好配料、揉好面团，然后来到了最难的环节——等待面团发酵。等待的过程很难熬，但父子二人在此期间敞开心扉。通过这件事，作者不仅学会了烘焙的技能，还学会了欣赏时间的缓慢节奏，也学会了放松。
16．A.forget B．exercise
C．learn D．relax
解析：D 根据语境和最后一段中的“I also learned ...to relax”可知，作者通过烘焙学会了放松，因此，作者认为父亲烘焙应该也是为了放松。
17．A.care B．qualify
C．plan D．vote
解析：B 根据下文中的“I'll have to wait a whole year to try out again”可知，作者没有入选游泳队。
18．A.failed B．felt
C．performed D．tried
解析：B 根据语境可知，作者的父亲之所以邀请作者帮忙烘焙是因为他懂得作者的感受。
19．A.cook B．shake
C．taste D．mix
解析：D 根据语境和常识可知，烘焙之前需要把各种配料混合在一起。
20．A.surprising B．increasing
C．extra D．limited
解析：A 根据转折词but前面的“only ten minutes”可以推断，尽管揉面只用了10分钟，但是完成它却出乎意料地用了很多的精力。
21．A.best B．last
C．most difficult D．most rewarding
解析：C 根据下文中的“the waiting is always the hardest part”可知，等待是最困难的部分。
22．A.swell up B．turn up
C．stand out D．come out
解析：A 根据常识和下文中的“waited for it to rise again”可知，此处词义应与rise接近，故swell up“膨胀”符合语境。
23．A.accept B．consider
C．repeat D．resist
解析：D 根据常识和逻辑关系可以推测，等待就意味着要抵挡住把面团直接放进烤箱的想法。
24．A.carefully B．completely
C．directly D．quickly
解析：C 参见上题解析。
25．A.Embarrassment B．Hunger
C．Silence D．Stress
解析：C 空处所在句形成了类比，沉默就像面团发酵，将空虚填满了整间屋子，除非你用语言把它捶打下去。
26．A.unless B．though
C．even if D．so long as
解析：A 参见上题解析。
27．A.recipes B．duties
C．snacks D．thoughts
解析：D 结合语境和常识可知，父子二人聊天，彼此能够聆听、分享想法非常好。
28．A.froze B．settled
C．gathered D．developed
解析：B 根据句意可知，随着面粉粉尘逐渐落下，时间似乎也慢了下来。settle“降落；停留”。
29．A.cost B．convenience
C．pace D．will
解析：C 根据空后的“We could do nothing to make it rise faster.”可知，面团有自己发酵的节奏。
30．A.appreciate B．control
C．ignore D．suffer
解析：A 此处讲到了作者的感悟：“我学会了如何烘焙，我也学会了欣赏时间的缓慢节奏，学会了放松，让面团发酵。”
训练20 完形填空——说明文&议论文
(限时：30分钟)
A
Long-march makers
One of the greatest mysteries in biology—how the monarch butterfly travels thousands of kilometers on its yearly migration—has just been solved.
Monarch butterflies use the sun to__1__ their body clocks and make their journeys，according to US scientists.
No other butterfly in the world migrates like orange and black monarchs of North America.Each autumn，thousands travel up to 3，300 km to spend winter in the mountains of Mexico.There are so many that they almost__2__ the sky.And you can hear their wings __3__．
It usually takes the butterflies two__4__ to reach Mexico.After five months of stay，they head back up north in the spring.But not one butterfly__5__the whole round trip.They lay eggs along the way and die.
Three__6__ of butterflies will live and die during the spring journey alone.The fourth and final offspring (后代) of the year are born in early autumn and will reach the__7__．But it hardly gets to rest before starting the__8__ journey south to Mexico.
Past studies have shown the insects use the __9__ as a compass to show them the way.But experts were unsure how the butterflies change their__10__as the sun moves in the sky.
This new study now shows the insects use a body“circadian”clock as part of their sun compass.In laboratory tests，monarch butterflies were__11__ to fly in the right direction under normal daylight hours.But those flying in 24-hour light headed__12__towards the sun.They no longer had any__13__ of time.
Steven Report，who led the research，said，“We have shown the__14__for the circadian clock for monarch butterfly migration.When the clock is interrupted，monarchs are__15__to fly towards Mexico.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。美国科学家发现在黑脉金斑蝶从美国飞往墨西哥的旅途中，它们利用太阳来设置自己的生物钟，从而完成这场“长征”。
1．A.make B．set
C．switch D．repair
解析：B 此处呼应倒数第二段中的“use a body ‘circadian’clock as part of their sun compass”，表示黑脉金斑蝶用太阳来设置自己的生物钟。
2．A.block out B．escape from
C．run into D．pass by
解析：A 根据语境可知，此处讲到了黑脉金斑蝶的数量众多产生的影响。结合常识可知，数量可能会多到遮天蔽日，你甚至能听到它们翅膀的拍打声。
3．A.beating B．expanding
C．folding D．spreading
解析：A 参见上题解析。
4．A.decades B．months
C．days D．hours
解析：B 根据常识、上文中的“Each autumn ... spend winter in the mountains of Mexico.”和下文中的“After five months of stay”可知，它们从美国飞到墨西哥的时间应为两个月而不是二十年、两天或两个小时。
5．A.decides B．designs
C．finishes D．starts
解析：C 根据下文中的“They lay eggs along the way and die.”可推知，没有一只黑脉金斑蝶会完成整个往返旅程。
6．A.quarters B．species
C．groups D．generations
解析：D 根据下文中的“The fourth and final offspring(后代)of the year are born in early autumn”可知，有三代蝴蝶会在春季旅途中存活并死去。
7. A．west B．south
C．north D．east
解析：C 根据下文中表转折的“But it hardly gets ...south to Mexico.”可知，此处讲到的是它们一路向北的旅程。
8.A.long B．comfortable
C．brief D．smooth
解析：A 根据标题和上文中的“travel up to 3，300 km”可知，这是一段远距离的旅程。
9．A.sun B．clock
C．wing D．tree
解析：A 此处呼应下文中的“use a body‘circadian’clock as part of their sun compass”。
10．A.distance B．direction
C．rate D．speed
解析：B 根据上文中的“use the__9__as a compass”可知，黑脉金斑蝶把太阳当作了指南针来指引方向，故可知此处是说当太阳在天空中移动时，这些蝴蝶是如何改变它们的方向的。
11．A.taught B．commanded
C．found D．forced
解析：C 结合常识可知，“fly in the right direction under normal daylight hours”是在实验中被发现的情况。
12．A.accidentally B．cautiously
C．separately D．straight
解析：D 根据语境可知，黑脉金斑蝶利用太阳为自己指引方向，因此，只要有阳光，它们会一直朝着太阳飞的。straight“连续不断地，径直，直接”，符合语境。
13．A.analysis B．sense
C．attention D．point
解析：B 结合上题解析可知，如果一直飞，它们就失去了对时间的感觉。
14．A.data B．desire
C．need D．possibility
解析：C 根据上文中的“use a body‘circadian’clock as part of their sun compass”可知，黑脉金斑蝶需要这个生物钟来指引迁徙。
15．A.unconscious B．unwilling
C．unafraid D．unable
解析：D 黑脉金斑蝶的生物钟对它们很有必要，如果生物钟出现问题，它们就无法飞到墨西哥了。
B
Camogli looks like any other small Italian coastal towns.The little __16__ houses face the sea.The sunlight warms their beauty.But，look carefully and you'll see many things that seem __17__，but they're not.
This fishing village is full of trompe l'oeil—an art form in which nothing is what it appears to be.While some flowers die，others live for years.Why？Because they're __18__ on the buildings!
Trompe l'oeil has been around for centuries.__19__，Camogli's fishermen painted their houses in bright colors and unusual designs，so that they could see their homes __20__ from the water.Then，in the 1700s，it became a way to make small，simple buildings look __21__ and high-valued.
And today？There are still many trompe l'oeil houses in villages like Camogli，but only a few artists are __22__ to paint them.Carlo is one of this ever-decreasing band of artists who have managed to make a business out of it.
His __23__ are often people who want to improve their home's __24__．But for Carlo trompe l'oeil's purpose is to bring something __25__ to a new place，such as bringing the city to the sea or even the deserts to the cities.
Carlo's painting style __26__ the past.He only uses old-style paints and mixes them by hand.He does so for one reason: to protect the trompe l'oeil __27__．He also believes this art should be __28__ everywhere.
Fortunately，in Camogli，local art and culture are still __29__．But remember，don't always __30__ your eyes!
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了卡莫利的错视画艺术，这种艺术形式的起源和发展，以及这种艺术形式的美学价值。
16．A.colored B．crowded
C．damp D．wooden
解析：A 根据下文中的“Camogli's fishermen painted their houses in bright colors”可知，这些房屋是彩色的。
17．A.fancy B．novel
C．real D．valuable
解析：C 根据下文中的“This fishing village is full of trompe l'oeil—an art form in which nothing is what it appears to be.”可以推断，这个渔村充满了错视画，很多东西看起来似乎是真实的，但事实上并非如此。
18．A.carved B．pressed
C．painted D．planted
解析：C 根据下文中的“Camogli's fishermen painted their houses in bright colors”可知，这些花朵是画在房子上的。
19．A.Creatively B．Mistakenly
C．Frequently D．Originally
解析：D 根据上文中的“Trompe l'oeil has been around for centuries.”和下文中的“Then，in the 1700s”可知，此处讲到了错视画最初的情况。
20．A.closely B．easily
C．happily D．hopefully
解析：B 根据常识可知，渔民将房屋涂上颜色是为了从海上轻松地看到自己的房屋。
21．A.comfortable B．complicated
C．grand D．harmonious
解析：C 根据常识和下文中的“high-valued”可知，这样的艺术形式使得房屋看起来很有气派。
22．A.legal B．available
C．responsible D．talented
解析：B 根据下文中的“ever-decreasing band of artists who have managed to make a business out of it”可知，只有少数艺术家画它们。
23．A.designers B．followers
C．customers D．partners
解析：C 根据常识可知，“want to improve their home's”的人们应该是他的客户。
24．A.appearance B．capacity
C．convenience D．privacy
解析：A 根据语境和常识可知，他的客户想要改善房屋的外观。
25．A.civilized B．faraway
C．natural D．unexpected
解析：D 根据下文中的举例“bringing the city to the sea or even the deserts to the cities”和语境可知，对Carlo来说，错视画的目的是将意想不到的事物带到一个新的地方。
26．A.comes from B．brings about
C．goes against D．leaves out
解析：A 根据下文中的“He only uses old-style paints and mixes them by hand.”可知，他使用的绘画风格来自过去。
27．A.artists B．buildings
C．houses D．traditions
解析：D 根据常识可知，“uses old-style paints and mixes them by hand”是为了延续和保护传统。
28．A.accepted B．discussed
C．learned D．seen
解析：D 根据常识可知，作为错视画行业为数不多的传承者，Carlo认为这种艺术应该随处可见。
29．A.temporary B．alive
C．diverse D．unique
解析：B 根据上文中的“There are still many trompe l'oeil houses in villages like Camogli”和语境可知，幸运的是，在卡莫利，这种艺术和文化依然存在。
30．A.believe B．block
C．widen D．cheat
解析：A 根据上文中的描述可知，错视画可以以假乱真，所以，不要总是相信自己的眼睛。
专题一 完形填空
[考情分析]
卷别 年份 体裁 主题
语境 话题 词数 考点统计
句内
层次 句组
层次 语篇
层次 实词 虚词
动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词
全国
一卷 2025 记叙文 人与
社会 搬家前
通过网
络分享
物品 245 6 5 4 6 7 2 0 0
卷别 年份 体裁 主题
语境 话题 词数 考点统计
句内
层次 句组
层次 语篇
层次 实词 虚词
动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词
新课标
Ⅰ卷 2024 记叙文 人与
自我 设定目
标要适
合自己 215 5 5 5 8 5 1 1 0
2023 记叙文 人与
社会 帮助受
伤参赛
者 211 6 4 5 5 8 2 0 0
卷别 年份 体裁 主题
语境 话题 词数 考点统计
句内
层次 句组
层次 语篇
层次 实词 虚词
动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词
全国
二卷 2025 记叙文 人与
自我 老奶奶
重燃生
命活力 217 5 6 4 4 8 2 1 0
卷别 年份 体裁 主题
语境 话题 词数 考点统计
句内
层次 句组
层次 语篇
层次 实词 虚词
动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词
新课标
Ⅱ卷 2024 记叙文 人与
自我 在意大
利定居
的原因
及感受 212 7 5 3 9 5 1 0 0
2023 记叙文 人与
社会 飞行员
帮助运
送小狗 205 5 7 3 7 3 4 1 0
[题型解读]
从前面的表可以看出，新高考英语完形填空的语篇选材以记叙文为主，有完整的故事情节，旨在通过故事传达积极向上的主题意义。考查的词类以动词、名词、形容词、副词等为主。设题侧重对语篇的整体考查，对词汇的考查都是在语篇理解的基础上进行的，基本不涉及对语法的考查。
[备考策略]
积累语篇知识 多数语篇有一定的“写作套路”，即挫折或困境→尝试改变→圆满结局→意义阐述。解题时，要整体把握语篇弄清故事缘由，中间经历了怎样的变化，结局是什么，揭示了什么哲理或意义等
把握逻辑关系 完形填空的每一个空都不是孤立存在的，解题时要通过上下文提供的线索来保证所填自主解答的唯一性。除满足词义、用法和搭配的要求外，句间乃至全文的逻辑关系也是重要线索。解题时要在整体把握文章脉络的基础上，按照行文逻辑进行合理推断，并据此找到与文中某些词语有密切关系的选项
把握复现信息 信息复现在完形填空中经常出现，包括原词、同/近义词、反义词、同根/同源词、概括性词汇等。了解这些信息复现现象有助于快速、准确解题
语境化使用词汇 完形填空不仅考查词汇的常用词义，还会考查常见词汇的语境化“新义”，因此要关注词汇在语境中的使用
应用文化背景及生活常识 解答完形填空试题时，有时还需要把头脑中储存的知识和信息与文本结合起来考虑，做出符合常识的最佳选择。特别要关注中西文化的差异
[解题流程]
细研真题
·解锁疑难
技法1 利用首句 明大意
文章或段落的首句有时为主题句，下文内容往往围绕这一主题展开。因此，利用首句所提供的信息判断正确的选项是一种非常有效的解题方法。记叙文往往在首句交代时间、地点、人物、事件等要素，下文将按照一定的线索展开叙述。说明文一般在首句点明要说明的事物是什么，然后对事物的主要特征进行说明。议论文往往在首句提出论点，下文则列出一个个论据证明这一论点。
[典例1] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) On Oct.11，hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.Melanie Bailey should have__41__ the course earlier than she did.
41．A.designed B．followed
C．changed D．finished
[分析] 根据文章首句中的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，Bailey 在参加越野比赛，再根据should have done (意为“本应该做某事”)可知，她本应该更早一些跑完(finished)全程。
[答案] ____
D
[典例2] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) My husband，our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our __41__ are funny，especially from the early years when our children were little.
41．A.ideas B．jokes
C．memories D．discoveries
[分析] 本文第一句提到，在过去的十年里，“我”和丈夫、孩子们有非常棒的露营经历。一句话概括了作者一家多年来的露营经历，下文肯定讲述与露营有关的故事。由文章首句可推测，多年来的露营经历肯定给作者一家留下了许多难忘的回忆(memory)，下文中讲到的故事也都由这些回忆而来。
[答案] ____
C
技法2 瞻前顾后 巧求索
一篇文章往往围绕某个主题展开，相邻的句子往往谈论的是同一件事情，所以句与句之间、段与段之间在语义上一定有关联。理解文章或段落主旨并能够发现上下文之间的这种语义关联，是完形填空重要的解题技巧之一。考生需要考虑设空处与句内其他部分、前后句甚至相隔较远的句子在语义上的一致性。要充分理解语境，利用语义上的关联关系巧妙解题。
[典例] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)In April last year，I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka.They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight__41__．They could not afford to pay for__42__ for their dog，Tiffy，and 43.(desperately) wanted to take her with them.
41．A.turn B．budget
C．schedule D．connection
42．A.food B．shelter
C．medicine D．transportation
41.[分析] 本题为开篇第一题，需要从下文寻找线索，根据空后“They could not afford to pay for ...”可知，他们无法支付某费用。由此可知，此处应表达他们的预算非常紧张。
[答案] ____
42．[分析] 本题需要“瞻前顾后”解答。根据上文的“They had to move to Virginia ... ”以及下文的 “...wanted to take her with them. ”可知这家人想要带上宠物狗一起搬到弗吉尼亚，但是由于预算非常紧张，负担不起狗的运输(transportation)费用。
[答案] ____
B
D
技法3 词汇复现 溯根源
完形填空语篇一般为记叙文或者说明文。无论文本的体裁是什么，文章总有一个核心话题，与该话题有关的内容会在文章中反复出现。很多情况下，我们可以利用信息复现快速确定正确答案。语篇中的信息复现包括原词复现、同义词或近义词复现、代词复现、概括词复现及同范畴词复现等。
原词复现
[典例1] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
On Oct.11，hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. ...
As reported by a local newspaper，Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her __44__ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.
44．A.race B．school
C．town D．training
[分析] 本题可以利用原词复现来解。根据文章第一句可知，该越野赛是在美国明尼苏达州举办的一场比赛。此处是对首句中“race”的原词复现。
[答案] ____
A
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同义词复现
[典例2] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)She 45.(stopped) to help her fellow runner，Danielle Lenoue.Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with __46__．
46．A.courage B．aid
C．patience D．advice
[分析] 本题可利用同义词复现来解。根据空前句可知，Bailey停下来去帮助另一位参赛者。结合设空句内容可知，Bailey搀着那名参赛者的手臂，以确认在这种帮助下她能否往前走，aid “帮助”符合语境。此处aid是对前文中help的同义词复现。
[答案] ____
B
反义词复现
[典例3] (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Our 48.roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.49.Remove bunny from the belt.This was __50__ than it sounds.51.Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up.As I told my parents at dinner that first night，it was all a little more high-pressure than I'd 52.expected．
50．A.harder B．better
C．longer D．cheaper
[分析] 尽管上文提到了“Our 48.roles in the factory were simple”，但根据下文中的“the cakes pile up”和“a little more high-pressure”可知，要完成一系列任务，稍微慢一点，小兔子蛋糕就会堆积起来，此处表示“这比听起来要艰难多了”。 harder与上文中的simple构成了反义词复现。
[答案] ____
A
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技法4 逻辑关系 解疑难
完形填空主要考查语言在特定语境中的应用，所以句子内部、句与句之间以及段落之间往往存在一定的逻辑关系。这些逻辑关系往往由某些标志词表现出来。常见的表示逻辑关系的词语：
1．表示转折的有 however，but，nevertheless，whereas 等；
2．表示条件的有 if，once，unless，in case of 等；
3．表示递进的有 besides，in addition(to)，what's more，even 等；
4．表示让步关系的有 even though，even if，though，although，while，in spite of，despite 等；
5．表示因果关系的有 because，since，for，as，so，therefore，as a result等；
6．表示时间关系的有before，after，when，until 等。
[典例1] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) On Oct.11，hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.Melanie Bailey should have41.(finished) the course earlier than she did.Her __42__ came because she was carrying a 43.(competitor) across the finish line.
42．A.delay B．chance
C．trouble D．excuse
[分析] 本题可以利用因果关系来解。根据空后“because she was carrying a ...”和上文的“should have 41.(finished) the course earlier than she did”可知，此处贝莉延迟到达终点。
[答案] ____
A
[典例2] (2022·全国乙卷)For a long time，this ineffective hiding method was 44.(interpreted) as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures.But our 45.(surprising) research results in child developmental psychology __46__ that idea.
46．A.explained B．confirmed
C．contradicted D．tested
[分析] 上句提到在很长一段时间里，这种无效的躲藏方式被看作儿童是一种以自我为中心的生物的证据；根据But可知，后文与前文为转折关系，所以contradicted that idea“与这一看法矛盾”符合语境。
[答案] ____
C
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技法5 平行结构 最好用
平行结构要求同等重要的、并列的句子成分(思想、概念)要用同类的语法形式来表示，要用并列连词连接，是由意义相关、层次相同、语法结构相同的词组或句子构成的。这样的结构形式整齐，前后对称。有时候考生可根据这些特征选出正确答案。平行结构经常由连词 and，but，as well as，or，both ...and ...，neither ...nor ...，either ...or ...，not only ...but(also) ...，rather than，than 等连接。
[典例] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) ...Bailey then __47__ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line，then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __48.(medical) attention.
Once there，Lenoue was __49__ and later taken to a hospital，where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.
47．A.went away B．stood up
C．stepped aside D．bent down
49．A.interrupted B．assessed
C．identified D．appreciated
47.[分析] 本题可利用平行结构来解。根据“and carried her all the way ...”以及“then another 300 feet ...”可知，Bailey先弯下腰(bent down)让Lenous爬上她的后背，然后背着她直到终点线。
[答案] ____
49．[分析] 本题也可利用平行结构来解。根据空后“and later taken to a hospital”可知，Lenoue被送到医疗急救检查站后，应该是先接受检查并评估病情，再转送到医院进行进一步治疗。
[答案] ____
D
B
技法6 褒贬语境 判曲直
完形填空多采用记叙文，在记叙过程中，经常会出现大量的动作、行为、心理、神态、环境和氛围描写。其中心理和神态描写往往反映主人公的观点、态度和情感等。作者在选用特定的褒义词或贬义词时就表达了自己的感情倾向和意愿。
考生在做完形填空时，要仔细体会作者所用词汇的褒贬含义，揣摩作者的思想和情感。通过分析词汇的感彩，准确把握褒贬语境，很多题目就可以迎刃而解。
[典例1] (2023·全国甲卷)．..But when we looked at the tomatoes，we were __46__ because they were so misshapen：not at all like the nice，round，47.(shiny) things you get in a supermarket.
46．A.worried B．moved
C．thrilled D．bored
[分析] 本题可利用褒贬语境来解。根据下文的“because they were so misshapen”可知，作者看到邻居送的西红柿奇形怪状，和从超市买到的差别很大，所以此处是作者担心这些西红柿不好吃。
[答案] ____
A
[典例2] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)My husband，our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our 41.(memories) are funny，especially from the early years when our children were little ...
Now，every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage，we are filled with a sense of __54__，wondering what camping fun and 55.(adventure) we will experience next.
54．A.relief B．duty
C．pride D．excitement
[分析] 由第一段中的“wonderful camping experiences”，第二段中的“Some of our 41.(memories) are funny”以及空后的“what camping fun”所体现的感彩可知，作者一家很喜爱露营活动。a sense of excitement“兴奋感”，符合作者的态度。
[答案] ____
D
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技法7 固定搭配 助解题
完形填空试题除了考查在特定语境中词汇的运用之外，还经常考查固定搭配的使用。英语中的固定搭配非常多，有些固定搭配形式非常相似，考生要结合具体语境仔细辨别，平时一定要多加积累。
[典例1] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)After some goodbyes，I asked George and his wife to help me __51__Tiffy into the plane.
51．A.feed B．follow
C．change D．load
[分析] 根据空前的“After some goodbyes”可知，道别之后，作者应该要带Tiffy一起出发了。再结合空后的“into the plane”可推知，此处应是指将Tiffy装载到飞机上。load ...into ...为固定搭配，“把……装载到……上”。
[答案] ____
D
[典例2] (2022·全国甲卷)The next week we 47.(walked) our dogs together.It was a hot day.When we paused to catch our __48__，Steve got down on one knee.
48．A.breath B．balance
C．attention D．imagination
[分析] 前面提到天气炎热，再由空前的“we paused”可知，此处指“我们”停下来喘口气。catch one's breath 意为“喘口气”，为固定搭配。
[答案] ____
A
技法8 生活常识 巧利用
高考完形填空的语篇中交织渗透着各种背景知识和常识。考生在做题时，除了通过上下文语境来判断之外，还可以充分利用个人的经验和常识，从而快速、准确地判断出答案。
[典例1] (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to __47__ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.
47．A.remind B．allow
C．persuade D．order
[分析] 结合常识可知，热心的邻居会给作者拿来新做的奶酪并且在下雨的时候来作者家门前“提醒(remind)”他关上车窗。
[答案] ____
A
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[典例2] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)I promised to take care of Tiffy and __52__ them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
52．A.call B．join
C．leave D．serve
[分析] 本题可利用常识来解。结合常识可知，人们在远行到达目的地时，就会打电话报平安。所以作者承诺一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话(call)。
[答案] ____
A
技法9 排除大法 勿忘记
完形填空的有些试题可能无法通过上下文语境直接得出答案，这时考生可利用排除法解题。先排除明显的错误选项，缩小选择的范围，然后利用代入法，将选项一一代入原句中，通过翻译、对比，最终确定答案。
[典例1] (2023·全国甲卷) Many years ago，I bought a house in the Garfagnana，where we still go every summer.The first time we __41__there，we heard the chug-chug-chug of a motorbike 42.(making) its way down the hill toward us.
41．A.waited B．met
C．camped D．stayed
[分析] 本题可利用排除法来解。空前句提到，作者多年前在Garfagnana买了一栋房子，每年夏天都会去那里。由此可推知，空处所在句描述的是他们第一次去 Garfagnana 的房子时所发生的事情。因此，可排除 A、 B两项。作者他们已经购买了房子，因此他们去那里应是住在房子里，而不需要露营。故排除C项。
[答案] ____
D
[典例2] (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Like many young people，Jessica wants to travel the globe.Unlike most of them，this 25-year-old is doing it __41__ .She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world，stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.It might sound like one long，expensive 42.(vacation)，but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel 43.(affordable)．
41．A.indoors B．online
C．single-handed D．full-time
[分析] 环球旅游不可能在室内或网上完成，排除A和B；下文提到“She and her husband”，显然不是一个人旅游，排除C项 single-handed(独自)，故选 D。根据空后一句，她和丈夫在过去的两年里周游世界，即全部时间在旅游，印证了D项符合语境。
[答案] ____
D
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A
Dr.Smith of New York works at a center for children who can't learn well.One day a father brought his son to him for __1__at his office.
The father told Dr.Smith about his son，“My son has __2__ in learning and can't even play baseball.He isn't doing well because he doesn't try.I have done everything for him.I have even shouted at him.But nothing __3__．”
巧刷模拟
·巩固提高
After Dr.Smith tested the boy，he __4__ his father.He asked the father to sit in front of a __5__and then gave him a pencil and a piece of paper.There was a __6__ on the paper.He asked the father to look only in the mirror and __7__ the lines of the star with the pencil.The father made the same __8__anyone made.Every time he __9__ the pencil，it went the wrong way.The father's face became red.
At this __10__ the doctor shouted at him，“Hurry up! Why are you __11__ so long？You can't do such an __12__ thing! You don't know left from right！” These __13__ made the father very angry.
“Now you can __14__，can't you？” the doctor said to him.“Your son has felt just like that all the time.You scolded (训斥) him too often，so he didn't try any more.He was afraid of making mistakes.” __15__ the father understood everything.He put his face down.Now he felt so sorry.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。一个父亲总是训斥孩子，导致孩子在学习方面有问题，甚至不能打棒球。他便带孩子去做测试。经过一次测试和医生的谈话，这个父亲意识到自身的问题。这个故事引人深思，好的教育是欣赏而不是训斥。
1．A.testing B．acting
C．teaching D．playing
解析：A 根据第三段中的“After Dr.Smith tested the boy”可知，这个父亲带孩子来找Dr.Smith 的目的是测试孩子。故选A。
2．A.confidence B．interest
C．experience D．difficulty
解析：D 根据本段中的“My son has __2__ in learning and can't even play baseball.He isn't doing well because he doesn't try.”可知，这个父亲认为孩子什么都做不好，说明他认为这个孩子应该是在学习上有困难。故选D。
3．A.returns B．helps
C．appears D．remains
解析：B 根据本段中的“I have done everything for him.I have even shouted at him.But nothing”可知，这个父亲认为该做的都做了，甚至都朝孩子大声嚷嚷了。but 表示转折，说明父亲做的事情并没有起任何作用。故选B。
4．A.waited for B．searched for
C．believed in D．called in
解析：D 根据上文中的“After Dr.Smith tested the boy”以及下文中的“He asked the father to sit in front of a __5__ and then gave him a pencil and a piece of paper.”可知，Dr.Smith 让这个父亲坐下，然后给了他一支铅笔和一张纸，说明Dr.Smith把这个父亲叫过去了。故选D。
5．A.mirror B．television
C．painting D．desk
解析：A 根据下文中的“He asked the father to look only in the mirror”可知，这个父亲面前是一面镜子。故选A。
6．A.face B．line
C．number D．star
解析：D 根据下文中的“and __7__the lines of the star with the pencil”可知，纸上有一颗星星。故选D。
7．A.remove B．follow
C．cross D．cut
解析：B 根据前文“gave him a pencil and a piece of paper.There was a __6__ on the paper”可知，此处应该是用铅笔描绘星星的线条。故选B。
8．A.decisions B．choices
C．mistakes D．patterns
解析：C 根据下文中的“Every time he __9__ the pencil，it went the wrong way.”可知，这个父亲每次一移动笔，就描错了。这个父亲犯了任何一个人都会犯的错误。故选C。
9．A.touched B．dropped
C．moved D．sharpened
解析：C 参见上题解析。
10．A.speed B．corner
C．end D．point
解析：D 由语境可知，这个父亲每次描绘都会出错，他脸红了。在这个时候，Dr.Smith 朝他大声嚷嚷。at this point“在这个时候”。故选D项。
11．A.staying B．taking
C．preparing D．writing
解析：B 根据“Hurry up！”可知，Dr.Smith在朝这个父亲嚷嚷为什么花费这么长时间。故选B。
12．A.easy B．important
C．obvious D．exciting
解析：A 根据语境和常识可知，描绘物体的线条应是一件简单的事。故选A。
13．A.ideas B．words
C．questions D．instructions
解析：B 根据语境可知，Dr.Smith说的这些话(words)让这个父亲非常生气。故选B。
14．A.relax B．leave
C．understand D．promise
解析：C 根据下文的“Your son has felt just like that all...making mistakes.”和“understood everything”可知，Dr.Smith用这种方法让父亲明白孩子的感受。故选C。
15．A.Interestingly B．Absolutely
C．Suddenly D．Unfortunately
解析：C 根据语境可知，听了Dr.Smith 的话，这个父亲突然明白了一切，低下头，感到很抱歉。故选C。
B
Making a family
For years，Dad had avoided raising a dog.Whenever the __16__ came up，Dad said，“Dogs are a pain.I don't want to be __17__．” Despite his opposition，Mom brought a puppy named Chip that transformed us all.
Instead of being a self-absorbed teenager，I began to __18__ someone else.I had promised that if we got a dog，I'd be __19__，and I was.I fed and walked him every day.Chip taught me about __20__ and consequences.I learned that it is rewarding to take care of others.And this __21__ stayed with me as I grew.
Mom was always __22__to have someone just sit and listen，but our busy family didn't sit still for that.Chip would sit with Mom，__23__his head at times and looking into Mom's eyes.
The biggest __24__was from Dad.Dad was the first to allow him to sit on the sofa.He even made toys for him.Chip __25__ Dad's heart.
Chip united us.After dinner，we'd review __26__ tricks or teach him new ones.We'd __27__ funny stories of the cute things he had done that day.The important thing was that we'd do these together as a __28__．
People sometimes __29__ that pet lovers treat their pets too much like humans.It isn't that they are abandoning humanity；rather，their pets stimulate the __30__ of their humanity.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者的父亲一直反对养狗，但是自从母亲带回来一只小狗后，这只小狗改变了全家，让全家团结了起来。
16．A.topic B．news
C．question D．doubt
解析：A 根据上文的“For years，Dad had avoided raising a dog.”可知，多年来父亲一直不愿意养狗。再根据下文的“Dad said，‘Dogs are a pain.’”可知，此处是说每次提到养狗的话题时，父亲说养狗是一件令人头疼的事。故选A。
17．A.replaced B．defeated
C．bothered D．monitored
解析：C 根据上文的“Dad said，‘Dogs are a pain.’”可知，父亲说养狗是一件令人头疼的事，因此父亲嫌麻烦。故选C。
18．A.rely on B．run after
C．play with D．care for
解析：D 根据上文的“Instead of being a self-absorbed teenager”和下文的“I learned that it is rewarding to take care of others.”可知，作者不再是一个只关心自己的青少年，开始照顾别人。故选D。
19．A.sensible B．responsible
C．ambitious D．generous
解析：B 根据下文的“I fed and walked him every day.”可知，作者每天喂狗并遛狗，说明作者保证自己会成为一个有责任心的人。故选B。
20．A.actions B．words
C．effects D．costs
解析：A 根据下文内容可知，通过养这只狗，全家人在行动上做出了改变，这带来一系列好的结果。故此处是指这只小狗教会作者行动和结果。故选A。
21．A.routine B．lesson
C．habit D．hobby
解析：B 根据上文的“I learned that it is rewarding to take care of others.”可知，作者学到了照顾他人是值得的，这是这只小狗给作者上的一课。故选B。
22．A.dying B．unwilling
C．disappointed D．annoyed
解析：A 根据下文的“but our busy family didn't sit still for that.Chip would sit with Mom”可知，其他人都非常忙碌没有时间坐下来听母亲说话，Chip会蹲下来陪伴母亲，因此她非常想要有个人坐下来听她说说话。故选A。be dying to do sth.“极想做某事”。
23．A.nodding B．lowering
C．hanging D．raising
解析：D 根据空后的“looking into Mom‘s eyes”可知，Chip时不时看向母亲；再根据常识可知，小狗蹲下来看向人时做出的动作是抬起头。故选D。
24．A.change B．challenge
C．problem D．threat
解析：A 根据上文的“For years，Dad had avoided raising a dog.”可知，父亲一直不愿意养狗。又根据下文的“Dad was the first to allow him to sit on the sofa.He even made toys for him.”可知，父亲是家里第一个让Chip坐沙发的人，甚至还给Chip制作玩具。由此可知，父亲前后态度形成反差，故父亲是发生变化最大的一个人。故选A。
25．A.protected B．followed
C．softened D．hardened
解析：C 根据上文的“Dad was the first to allow him to sit on the sofa.He even made toys for him.”可知，父亲从最初不愿意养狗到现在给狗制作玩具，说明Chip让父亲的心变得柔软了。故选C。
26．A.previous B．complex
C．simple D．basic
解析：A 根据空前的“review”和下文的“or teach him new ones” 可知，此处指晚饭后，作者他们会复习之前的技巧或者教Chip新的技巧。故选A。
27．A.create B．cover
C．share D．read
解析：C 根据空前的“Chip united us.”和语境可知，晚饭后，所有人一起分享当天Chip做的可爱的滑稽故事。故选C。
28．A.committee B．family
C．company D．group
解析：B 根据文章标题“Making a family”和语境可知，最重要的是作者他们做这些事的时候是一家人一起。故选B。
29．A.hope B．approve
C．explain D．complain
解析：D 根据下文的“pet lovers treat their pets too much like humans”和常识可知，人们有时诉说为什么喜爱宠物的人对待宠物像对待人一样。故选D。
30．A.darkness B．weakness
C．future D．beauty
解析：D 结合全文可知，作者一家因为养了一只宠物狗，家庭变得更温馨更幸福。再根据本句句意可知，宠物激发出人性美。故选D。
训练17 完形填空——记叙文（一）
(限时：30分钟)
A
The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest.I was on my way to __1__a unique honey harvest.Here，in south-east Ethiopia，hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the__2__．Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often__3__．
课时规范
训练17-20
I__4__beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.Ziyad began preparations.He__5__handfuls of damp tree leaves，wrapped them with string，and__6__ the bunch to create a torch(火把)．Then，with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree，Ziyad began__7__．He stopped every few minutes to move the __8__higher up the tree trunk.
__9__，Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.Sitting on a branch，he__10__towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive.Suddenly，Ziyad let out a sharp cry.Within seconds，he'd__11__the trunk and was back on the ground.
It was too__12__to collect the honey.A cool summer had delayed__13__．Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢)．The adult bees were __14__ and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree.He had to wait for the right__15__to go back up.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者前往Harenna Forest，跟随着养蜂人Ziyad目睹了一次采蜂蜜的过程。
1．A.share B．collect
C．celebrate D．witness
解析：D 根据下文内容可知，作者见证了蜂蜜丰收的全过程，故选D。
2．A.courtyards B．fields
C．treetops D．caves
解析：C 根据下文的“Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground”和“Ziyad escaped from the tree”可知，养蜂人Ziyad爬到了离地面约20米的高处，故可知蜂箱应该在树顶，故选C。
3．A.urgent B．dangerous
C．expensive D．pointless
解析：B 由下文内容可知Ziyad要爬到距离地面约20米的树顶采蜂蜜，结合下文的“kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree”可知，这个行为时常是危险的，故选B。
4．A.searched B．recognised
C．followed D．invited
解析：C 由下文内容可知，作者目睹了Ziyad采蜜的过程，故作者跟着养蜂人Ziyad经过草地并进入茂密的丛林去收获蜂蜜，故选C。
5．A.gathered B．cleaned
C．dropped D．checked
解析：A 根据下文的“wrapped them with string，and __6__ the bunch to create a torch(火把)”可知，Ziyad把一把把潮湿的树叶收集起来，再用绳子绑成一束做成火把，故选A。
6．A.shook B．lit
C．measured D．decorated
解析：B 结合上题解析及下文的“blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive”可知，Ziyad点燃了树叶做成的火把，还把烟吹进了蜂箱里的小洞中，故选B。
7．A.jumping B．talking
C．testing D．climbing
解析：D 结合下文内容可知，Ziyad爬到离地面约20米的树顶；再由上文的“with one end of a rope ...trunk of a tree”可知，Ziyad已经做好开始爬树的准备了，故选D。
8．A.hives B．leaves
C．rope D．honey
解析：C 根据上题解析可知，Ziyad是绑着绳子沿着树干向上爬的，因此他每隔几分钟停一下拉一下绳子以方便继续往上爬，故选C。
9．A.Finally B．Surprisingly
C．Naturally D．Immediately
解析：A 由空后的“Ziyad got close to the hive”可知，最终，Ziyad已经到达树顶了，故选A。
10．A.backed B．dived
C．shouted D．inched
解析：D 由上文可知，收获蜂蜜是一个艰难且危险的工作，而且是在离地面约20米的树顶上作业，因此Ziyad应该是小心翼翼地朝着蜂箱缓慢移动，故选D。
11．A.cut off B．gone up
C．slid down D．held onto
解析：C 由空后的“was back on the ground”可知，Ziyad从树上回到地面上了，故选C。
12．A.high B．early
C．fast D．close
解析：B 由下文的“A cool summer ...still in the honeycombs(蜂巢)．”可知，幼蜂还在蜂巢里，没有出去采蜜，因此那时还不是收获蜂蜜的时候，故选B。
13．A.hatching B．training
C．sowing D．trading
解析：A 结合空前、空后内容可知，现在收获蜂蜜太早了，幼蜂还没长到足够大出去采蜜，因此可推测是气候原因延迟了蜜蜂的孵化，故选A。
14．A.curious B．hungry
C．bored D．angry
解析：D 由上文的“Suddenly，Ziyad let out a sharp cry”及语境可知，Ziyad把火把的烟吹到蜂巢里的小洞中这个行为惹恼了成年的蜜蜂，因此成年蜜蜂一直在攻击他，故选D。
15．A.moment B．equipment
C．person D．order
解析：A 根据第13题的解析可知，现在不是收获蜂蜜的时机，还需等待一个合适的时候，故选A。
B
I pulled over and one of the boys standing by the road asked for some water.
My heart__16__when I heard this.In Wilcannia，where I now worked as a primary school teacher with a six-month contract，there was a drought.Quickly__17__my car，I gave a bottle to the children before saying goodbye.Moments like this reminded me just how__18__I'd come from my old life as a teacher hundreds of kilometers away in Sydney.
In my first lesson with Year Six I made a__19__for our class：Mistakes are expected，respected and corrected.We posted this on the wall in the classroom as a__20__to students.I hoped it would give students__21__to keep moving forward.We__22__so well that by the end of month-one，I__23__my contract to a full year in the rural or remote place!
A real__24__was helping with the town's annual kids' fashion parade(游行)．But the COVID-19 pandemic__25__a move to online learning.So I __26__students to film videos of themselves singing From Little Things Big Things Grow.The children's performance won wild applause.And__27__I was awarded the Best Music Teacher of the Year.This sort of __28__ was such an honour!
Now，three years later，I'm__29__in Wilcannia.People always ask me how long I plan to stay here，and then comes my__30__reply：“Another year.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从悉尼去了Wilcannia做小学教师，他只签了6个月的合同。但在执教的过程中，作者与孩子们建立了很好的关系，因此他把合同延长到了1年。作者还因自己的工作表现良好，获得了年度最佳音乐老师奖项。三年过去了，作者依然在这里教书。当别人问他还会在这里待多久时，作者的回答总是“再教一年”。
16．A.sank B．beat
C．melted D．raced
解析：A 根据语境可知，站在路边的一个男孩向作者要水；根据下文中的“In Wilcannia ...there was a drought.”可知，这个地方发生了旱灾，作者的心情应该很沮丧。
17．A.checking B．searching
C．mending D．parking
解析：B 根据下文中的“I gave a bottle to the children”可知，作者在车上找了一下。
18．A.fast B．soon
C．long D．far
解析：D 根据下文中的“hundreds of kilometers away in Sydney”可知，作者从很远的悉尼来到Wilcannia教书，且过去的生活和现在的生活也相去甚远。
19．A.decision B．motto
C．change D．plan
解析：B 根据下文中的“Mistakes are expected，respected and corrected.We posted this on the wall in the classroom”可以推测，作者为班级制订了一条格言。
20．A.reminder B．symbol
C．gift D．picture
解析：A 根据语境和常识可知，把班训贴在教室的墙上是为了提醒学生按班训要求的去做，因此，班训成了一个提醒物。
21．A.experiences B．capacity
C．confidence D．signals
解析：C 根据班训的内容“Mistakes are expected，respected and corrected”可知，作者鼓励孩子们不要怕犯错误，要有信心勇往直前。
22．A.bonded B．behaved
C．reacted D．operated
解析：A 根据下文中的“I__23__ my contract to a full year”可以推断，作者和孩子们建立了很好的关系。
23．A.restricted B．maintained
C．drafted D．extended
解析：D 根据上文中的“with a six-month contract”可知，“my contract to a full year”表明作者的合同延长了。
24．A.chance B．highlight
C．love D．routine
解析：B 根据下文中的“the town's annual kids' fashion parade(游行)”和常识可知，帮助镇上一年一度的儿童时尚游行是作者执教过程中的高光时刻。
25．A.added B．led
C．kept D．saw
解析：D 根据语境和常识可知，新型冠状病毒感染也见证了学生从线下学习到线上学习的变化。
26．A.expected B．employed
C．guided D．troubled
解析：C 根据上文内容可知，新型冠状病毒感染导致课程转为线上形式，再结合常识可知，此处是指作者指导学生拍摄自己唱歌的视频。
27．A.gradually B．subsequently
C．frequently D．temporarily
解析：B 根据故事发展脉络可知，学生的表现获得了很多掌声，作者后来也获得了年度最佳音乐老师这一奖项。
28．A.recognition B．impression
C．expression D．appointment
解析：A 根据上文中的“I was awarded the Best Music Teacher of the Year”可知，作者的努力得到了认可。
29．A.already B．again
C．still D．also
解析：C 根据语境可知，三年过去了，作者仍然在Wilcannia教书。
30．A.timely B．typical
C．correct D．heartfelt
解析：D 根据上文中作者与学生们建立了良好的关系和自己的工作得到了认可可以推断，“Another year”是作者对还会执教多久真诚的答复。
训练18 完形填空——记叙文（二）
(限时：30分钟)
A
My nine-year-old daughter，Vivien，is a little princess.Under__1__ circumstances，she can't even pour herself a glass of milk.So when I came home__2__ with fever，my first thought was，“How would Vivien react？”
At 3：30 p．m.，I__3__ myself out of bed and drove to pick her up.On the way home，I said，“Sweetheart，Mommy's really sick.Can you fix your own meal tonight？”“That's okay，”she replied__4__．
When we arrived home，I__5__ back to bed.Every now and then，I would wake from a feverish sleep to find a little angel__6__ over me with some goodwill offerings，a cool washcloth to wipe my hot brow，a bell to ring if I__7__ anything，a picture she had drawn to__8__ me up.
Throughout the evening，Vivien issued periodic reports on her progress with the evening__9__．“I just made myself a salad.”Or，“I'm running my bath now.”I smiled to myself under the__10__．
Then at bedtime，Vivien__11__ a little book she made，entitled“I LOVE YOU MOMMY.”The first page__12__，“Thank you for all you did for me，MOMMY.”
I felt a wave of gratitude for the__13__that had given my little princess the opportunity to__14__—and me the opportunity to __15__—what an angel she truly was.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者娇生惯养的女儿在作者发烧生病的时候，贴心地照顾她，这件事体现了女儿的懂事孝顺。
1．A.extreme B．special
C．certain D．normal
解析：D 根据空前“a little princess”可知，作者的女儿是个小公主，娇生惯养的。根据空后“she can't even pour herself a glass of milk”和常识可知，在正常情况下，她甚至不会给自己倒一杯牛奶。故选D。
2．A.complaining B．trembling
C．wondering D．crying
解析：B 根据空后的“with fever”和常识可知，作者到家时发着烧，应是浑身发抖。故选B。
3．A.urged B．advised
C．dragged D．threw
解析：C 根据语境可知，此处表示的是作者发烧身体虚弱但不得不开车把女儿接回来。drag myself out of bed“把自己从床上拖起来”。故选C。
4．A.happily B．hurriedly
C．confidently D．guiltily
解析：C 根据空前的“That's okay”和下文的内容可知，女儿自信地回答可以自己解决晚餐。故选C。
5．A.dashed B．fell
C．marched D．rolled
解析：B 根据下文的“Every now and then，I would wake from a feverish sleep”并结合常识可知，作者因身体虚弱，又回到床上睡了。fall“落下，进入(某状态)”，符合作者现在生病的身体状况。故选B。
6．A.bending B．coming
C．going D．taking
解析：A 根据下文的“a cool washcloth to wipe my hot brow”可知，女儿弯腰给作者一块凉爽的毛巾擦作者滚烫的额头。故选A。
7．A.said B．forgot
C．dreamed D．wanted
解析：D 根据空前的“a bell to ring”可知，作者如果想要任何东西的话，可以摇铃铛。故选D。
8．A.clear B．cheer
C．call D．wake
解析：B 根据空前的“a picture she had drawn”可知，女儿给了作者一幅女儿自己画的画来让作者高兴起来。cheer sb.up“使……变得高兴起来”符合语境。故选B。
9．A.program B．news
C．weather D．routine
解析：D 根据空后女儿的话可知，Vivien作了晚上惯例进度的阶段性报告。故选D。
10．A.blankets B．stairs
C．roof D．sofa
解析：A 根据作者生病卧床和常识可知，毯子是床上的用物，符合作者生病在床上休息的状态。故选A。
11．A.published B．wrote
C．showed D．bought
解析：C 根据语境和常识可知，九岁的女儿在睡觉之前给作者展示了一本她自己做的小书。故选C。
12．A.read B．painted
C．covered D．printed
解析：A 根据空后的“Thank you for all you did for me，MOMMY.”可知，这是书上写的内容。read在此意为“写着”。故选A。
13．A.accident B．night
C．report D．illness
解析：D 根据上文可知，女儿非常贴心地照顾作者，是因为作者生病。故选D。
14．A.demonstrate B．perform
C．practice D．function
解析：A 根据上下文内容可知，女儿通过作者生病这个契机来证明自己对母亲的爱。作者感激这场病，因为这场病给了小公主这样一个机会。故选A。
15．A.relax B．escape
C．appreciate D．imagine
解析：C 作者感激这场病，因为它给作者一个机会去理解女儿是一个真正的好孩子。故选C。
B
I'm approaching the Knight Street Bridge in my car.It's 5：15 p．m.The traffic is already__16__ and then it comes to a full stop.I'm__17__even before getting on the bridge.Ahead of me are endless rows of__18__，roughly 300.
When I finally__19__it onto the bridge，the traffic is still moving at a slow pace.Tired and hungry，I become very __20__．
Just then I hear a weak sound in the distance.The sound gradually becomes louder，until I can __21__it as an emergency vehicle approaching from behind.What do we do？The bridge is__22__．There's no room for us to move.
But I'm wrong.Every single car quickly，yet __23__，moves to the side.Without thinking，I follow suit.The lane(车道)remains__24__for a few seconds，during which the ambulance__25__through.Afterward，we close up the emergency lane，ready to continue our wait.Back in my__26__，my anxiety is gone.I start__27__what we just did.
Despite our tiredness，we collectively drew on our compassion(同情)and__28__to help the stranger who needed the time more __29__ than we did without any orders.Although I may seem alone stuck on the bridge，I'm__30__to all the other drivers.Together we could make the impossible possible.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。“我”遭遇交通拥堵和其他车辆被堵在桥上。这时一辆救护车过来，每个司机都小心地让出一条道来，因为我们知道病人比我们更需要时间。
16．A.rushing in B．turning up
C．pulling over D．slowing down
解析：D 根据下文的“then it comes to a full stop”可知，随后车流完全停了下来，由此可以推知，车辆开始减速。
17．A.stuck B．fixed
C．lost D．wrapped
解析：A 根据上文的“it comes to a full stop”可知，车辆停了下来，再结合该句内容和下文尾段中的“stuck on the bridge”可知，“我”在上桥前就被困住了。
18．A.passers-by B．drivers
C．vehicles D．taxis
解析：C 根据空前的“The traffic”，再结合该句中的“endless rows”可知，“我”前面是数不尽的车辆，大约有300辆。
19．A.reach B．make
C．step D．get
解析：B 根据下文的“onto the bridge”可知，当“我”终于成功开到桥上时，车流仍然缓慢移动。
20．A.disappointed B．joyful
C．excited D．anxious
解析：D 根据下文的“my anxiety is gone”可知，“我”又累又饿，十分焦急。
21．A.realize B．identify
C．imagine D．sense
解析：B 根据下文的“as an emergency vehicle approaching from behind”可知，“我”能从逐渐变大的声音中辨认出那是一辆从后面驶来的救护车。
22．A.filled B．locked
C．packed D．narrowed
解析：C 根据下文的“There's no room for us to move”，再结合上文叙述的交通堵塞、车辆被困可知，桥上已经没有可以移动的空间了；由此可知，桥上非常拥挤。
23．A.carefully B．gradually
C．casually D．suddenly
解析：A 根据上文内容和常识可知，桥上非常拥挤，每辆车快速而又小心地移到一侧。
24．A.open B．messy
C．crowded D．convenient
解析：A 根据上文内容和常识可知，司机给救护车让道，道路畅通保持了几秒钟。
25．A.crashes B．breaks
C．jumps D．flashes
解析：D 根据上文的“for a few seconds”和常识可知，救护车为赶时间快速通过。
26．A.car B．seat
C．spot D．sight
解析：C 根据上文内容和常识可知，桥上的司机为了给救护车让道会把车开到一边，救护车通过之后，司机便把车开回原来的位置。
27．A.bringing up B．reflecting upon
C．referring to D．focusing on
解析：B 根据下文的“what we just did”和最后一段内容可知，“我”开始反思我们所做的事情。
28．A.gratitude B．generosity
C．intelligence D．expectation
解析：C 根据上文的“There's no room for us to move.”“But I'm wrong.”和空前的“drew on our compassion(同情)and”可知，“我”本想着没空间给救护车让道，但“我”错了。尽管我们很累，但我们一起用自己的同情和智慧去帮助那些比我们更迫切需要时间的陌生人。
29．A.desperately B．patiently
C．flexibly D．temporarily
解析：A 根据空前的“who needed the time more”，再结合常识可知，救护车中的病人极需要时间。
30．A.devoted B．connected
C．exposed D．abandoned
解析：B 根据语境可知，由于交通堵塞，“我”和其他司机都被困在桥上；再由该句中的“to all the other drivers”和空后的“Together”可知，虽然“我”看起来像是独自一人被困在桥上，但“我”与其他所有司机都联系在一起。
训练19 完形填空——夹叙夹议文
(限时：30分钟)
A
Early spring can be a tough time in the Midwest.It can__1__both people and animals with its unexpected snowstorms.
Every spring，migratory (迁徙的) birds camp out in a large pond near my house on the way to their summer__2__．This year，besides geese and scaups，a type of diving duck spent days hanging out__3__eats.Then a snowstorm hit，followed by a very __4__ night.
The next morning，I was shocked to see that all birds had __5__overnight—except one lone female that was diving__6__and dynamically in the circle of open water.Her movements and body heat had kept the__7__ from coming close as I __8__her from my warm house.
However，as the temperature dropped，the open water got smaller，and her movements slowed.I watched with__9__ as she eventually stopped moving，fearing that something might happen.
And then it happened：Two more ducks appeared，__10__ next to her still body.More ducks came and the circle of water came alive with their splashing and diving.Slowly，the circle of water __11__in size.Within minutes，the lone female was revived by her friends' presence.
This little duck wouldn't have__12__another night without her friends.She，in turn，had kept that area of water__13__，so her friends had a place to stop and__14__ themselves.Sometimes，a tiny action—even our mere__15__—might brighten one's day，and even save one's life.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。美国中西部的初春极其寒冷。对于候鸟来说这段时间尤为煎熬。许多候鸟会在作者家附近的大池塘落脚，然而一场暴风雪袭来，所有鸟几乎都消失了，只有一只孤独的雌鸭子在水中不停扑腾以防水面结冰，但是随着温度降低，它不动了，作者很担心。后来，池塘里来了其他鸭子，这只筋疲力尽的鸭子在大家的陪伴下恢复了活力，而它的努力也为同伴换来了一片开阔的落脚之地。
1．A.scare B．move
C．surprise D．beat
解析：C 根据下文中的“with its unexpected snowstorms”可知，突如其来的暴风雪会让人和动物都惊讶不已。
2．A.camp B．vacations
C．courses D．habitat
解析：D 根据常识可知，候鸟迁徙是为了找到适宜的栖息地。
3．A.regardless of B．in search of
C．in addition to D．as for
解析：B 结合语境可知，这些小动物四处走动是为了寻找食物。
4．A.dark B．starry
C．peaceful D．freezing
解析：D 根据上文中的“a snowstorm hit”可知，暴风雪来袭，夜晚肯定很寒冷。
5．A.gathered B．disappeared
C．panicked D．fainted
解析：B 根据语境和下文中的“except one lone female that was diving”可推知，一夜之间，几乎所有的鸟都消失了。
6．A.energetically B．patiently
C．calmly D．cautiously
解析：A 空处与空后的“dynamically”并列，都表示这只鸭子在水里干劲十足地拨动水面。
7．A.ice B．house
C．snowstorm D．water
解析：A 结合语境、常识和下文中的“so her friends had a place to stop”可知，这只鸭子在水中拨动水面是为了防止水面结冰。
8．A.tended B．followed
C．watched D．recorded
解析：C 此处呼应下文中的“I watched”。
9．A.relief B．doubt
C．anxiety D．pleasure
解析：C 根据下文中的“as she eventually stopped moving，fearing that something might happen”可知，这只鸭子不动了，作者焦虑地注视着它，害怕会有什么事发生。
10．A.rowing B．landing
C．circling D．feeding
解析：B 根据语境和下文中的“More ducks came and the circle of water came alive with their splashing and diving ...presence.”可知，另两只鸭子落在了这只鸭子的身边。
11．A.increased B．decreased
C．transformed D．formed
解析：A 根据语境和上文中的“the circle of water came alive with their splashing and diving”可以推断，水面扩大了。
12．A.spared B．wasted
C．spent D．lasted
解析：D 根据上文中的“she eventually stopped moving”和“the lone female was revived by her friends' presence”可知，没有其他朋友出现的话，这只鸭子撑不了额外一晚。
13．A.still B．open
C．clean D．steady
解析：B 此处呼应上文中的“that was diving__6__and dynamically in the circle of open water”，说的是这只鸭子为使池塘里的开放水域不结冰，通过不断游动保持其开阔。
14．A.motivate B．remind
C．judge D．refresh
解析：D 根据常识可知，候鸟找到一个落脚地的话，就可以在此休整并恢复精力。
15．A.presence B．appreciation
C．attitude D．request
解析：A 空处呼应上文中的“the lone female was revived by her friends' presence”，作者触景生情，不禁感慨：有时候，一个小小的举动，甚至只是我们的存在，就可以使别人心情愉快甚至挽救别人的生命。
B
Dad is a busy mechanic.Every Saturday he puts on his apron and produces delicious bread.I think he bakes to__16__．
I've been feeling stressed out myself as I found out I didn't__17__ for the swim team.Now I'll have to wait a whole year to try out again.Dad knew how I__18__，so this Saturday he invited me to help him bake.
Dad first got out everything needed，and then told me to__19__the ingredients (原料) with a spoon.After that he showed me how to knead the dough (揉面团)．It took only ten minutes but a(n)__20__ amount of energy to complete.
Next came the__21__ part—doing nothing.We waited for the dough to slowly__22__，then punched (用拳猛击) it down and waited for it to rise again.Dad said the waiting is always the hardest part as you have to__23__the thought of putting the dough__24__ into the oven.
While we waited，we sat and talked.__25__ is like the dough that rises and fills a room with emptiness__26__ you punch it down with words.It felt good to listen and share our__27__．As the flour dust quietly__28__，time seemed to slow down.The dough would rise at its own__29__．We could do nothing to make it rise faster.
I learned how to bake，and I also learned to__30__ the slowly ticking rhythm of time，to relax and let the dough rise.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者因落选游泳队而闷闷不乐。父亲看到了作者的焦虑不安，因此邀请作者帮忙烘焙。父子二人拌好配料、揉好面团，然后来到了最难的环节——等待面团发酵。等待的过程很难熬，但父子二人在此期间敞开心扉。通过这件事，作者不仅学会了烘焙的技能，还学会了欣赏时间的缓慢节奏，也学会了放松。
16．A.forget B．exercise
C．learn D．relax
解析：D 根据语境和最后一段中的“I also learned ...to relax”可知，作者通过烘焙学会了放松，因此，作者认为父亲烘焙应该也是为了放松。
17．A.care B．qualify
C．plan D．vote
解析：B 根据下文中的“I'll have to wait a whole year to try out again”可知，作者没有入选游泳队。
18．A.failed B．felt
C．performed D．tried
解析：B 根据语境可知，作者的父亲之所以邀请作者帮忙烘焙是因为他懂得作者的感受。
19．A.cook B．shake
C．taste D．mix
解析：D 根据语境和常识可知，烘焙之前需要把各种配料混合在一起。
20．A.surprising B．increasing
C．extra D．limited
解析：A 根据转折词but前面的“only ten minutes”可以推断，尽管揉面只用了10分钟，但是完成它却出乎意料地用了很多的精力。
21．A.best B．last
C．most difficult D．most rewarding
解析：C 根据下文中的“the waiting is always the hardest part”可知，等待是最困难的部分。
22．A.swell up B．turn up
C．stand out D．come out
解析：A 根据常识和下文中的“waited for it to rise again”可知，此处词义应与rise接近，故swell up“膨胀”符合语境。
23．A.accept B．consider
C．repeat D．resist
解析：D 根据常识和逻辑关系可以推测，等待就意味着要抵挡住把面团直接放进烤箱的想法。
24．A.carefully B．completely
C．directly D．quickly
解析：C 参见上题解析。
25．A.Embarrassment B．Hunger
C．Silence D．Stress
解析：C 空处所在句形成了类比，沉默就像面团发酵，将空虚填满了整间屋子，除非你用语言把它捶打下去。
26．A.unless B．though
C．even if D．so long as
解析：A 参见上题解析。
27．A.recipes B．duties
C．snacks D．thoughts
解析：D 结合语境和常识可知，父子二人聊天，彼此能够聆听、分享想法非常好。
28．A.froze B．settled
C．gathered D．developed
解析：B 根据句意可知，随着面粉粉尘逐渐落下，时间似乎也慢了下来。settle“降落；停留”。
29．A.cost B．convenience
C．pace D．will
解析：C 根据空后的“We could do nothing to make it rise faster.”可知，面团有自己发酵的节奏。
30．A.appreciate B．control
C．ignore D．suffer
解析：A 此处讲到了作者的感悟：“我学会了如何烘焙，我也学会了欣赏时间的缓慢节奏，学会了放松，让面团发酵。”
训练20 完形填空——说明文&议论文
(限时：30分钟)
A
Long-march makers
One of the greatest mysteries in biology—how the monarch butterfly travels thousands of kilometers on its yearly migration—has just been solved.
Monarch butterflies use the sun to__1__ their body clocks and make their journeys，according to US scientists.
No other butterfly in the world migrates like orange and black monarchs of North America.Each autumn，thousands travel up to 3，300 km to spend winter in the mountains of Mexico.There are so many that they almost__2__ the sky.And you can hear their wings __3__．
It usually takes the butterflies two__4__ to reach Mexico.After five months of stay，they head back up north in the spring.But not one butterfly__5__the whole round trip.They lay eggs along the way and die.
Three__6__ of butterflies will live and die during the spring journey alone.The fourth and final offspring (后代) of the year are born in early autumn and will reach the__7__．But it hardly gets to rest before starting the__8__ journey south to Mexico.
Past studies have shown the insects use the __9__ as a compass to show them the way.But experts were unsure how the butterflies change their__10__as the sun moves in the sky.
This new study now shows the insects use a body“circadian”clock as part of their sun compass.In laboratory tests，monarch butterflies were__11__ to fly in the right direction under normal daylight hours.But those flying in 24-hour light headed__12__towards the sun.They no longer had any__13__ of time.
Steven Report，who led the research，said，“We have shown the__14__for the circadian clock for monarch butterfly migration.When the clock is interrupted，monarchs are__15__to fly towards Mexico.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。美国科学家发现在黑脉金斑蝶从美国飞往墨西哥的旅途中，它们利用太阳来设置自己的生物钟，从而完成这场“长征”。
1．A.make B．set
C．switch D．repair
解析：B 此处呼应倒数第二段中的“use a body ‘circadian’clock as part of their sun compass”，表示黑脉金斑蝶用太阳来设置自己的生物钟。
2．A.block out B．escape from
C．run into D．pass by
解析：A 根据语境可知，此处讲到了黑脉金斑蝶的数量众多产生的影响。结合常识可知，数量可能会多到遮天蔽日，你甚至能听到它们翅膀的拍打声。
3．A.beating B．expanding
C．folding D．spreading
解析：A 参见上题解析。
4．A.decades B．months
C．days D．hours
解析：B 根据常识、上文中的“Each autumn ... spend winter in the mountains of Mexico.”和下文中的“After five months of stay”可知，它们从美国飞到墨西哥的时间应为两个月而不是二十年、两天或两个小时。
5．A.decides B．designs
C．finishes D．starts
解析：C 根据下文中的“They lay eggs along the way and die.”可推知，没有一只黑脉金斑蝶会完成整个往返旅程。
6．A.quarters B．species
C．groups D．generations
解析：D 根据下文中的“The fourth and final offspring(后代)of the year are born in early autumn”可知，有三代蝴蝶会在春季旅途中存活并死去。
7. A．west B．south
C．north D．east
解析：C 根据下文中表转折的“But it hardly gets ...south to Mexico.”可知，此处讲到的是它们一路向北的旅程。
8.A.long B．comfortable
C．brief D．smooth
解析：A 根据标题和上文中的“travel up to 3，300 km”可知，这是一段远距离的旅程。
9．A.sun B．clock
C．wing D．tree
解析：A 此处呼应下文中的“use a body‘circadian’clock as part of their sun compass”。
10．A.distance B．direction
C．rate D．speed
解析：B 根据上文中的“use the__9__as a compass”可知，黑脉金斑蝶把太阳当作了指南针来指引方向，故可知此处是说当太阳在天空中移动时，这些蝴蝶是如何改变它们的方向的。
11．A.taught B．commanded
C．found D．forced
解析：C 结合常识可知，“fly in the right direction under normal daylight hours”是在实验中被发现的情况。
12．A.accidentally B．cautiously
C．separately D．straight
解析：D 根据语境可知，黑脉金斑蝶利用太阳为自己指引方向，因此，只要有阳光，它们会一直朝着太阳飞的。straight“连续不断地，径直，直接”，符合语境。
13．A.analysis B．sense
C．attention D．point
解析：B 结合上题解析可知，如果一直飞，它们就失去了对时间的感觉。
14．A.data B．desire
C．need D．possibility
解析：C 根据上文中的“use a body‘circadian’clock as part of their sun compass”可知，黑脉金斑蝶需要这个生物钟来指引迁徙。
15．A.unconscious B．unwilling
C．unafraid D．unable
解析：D 黑脉金斑蝶的生物钟对它们很有必要，如果生物钟出现问题，它们就无法飞到墨西哥了。
B
Camogli looks like any other small Italian coastal towns.The little __16__ houses face the sea.The sunlight warms their beauty.But，look carefully and you'll see many things that seem __17__，but they're not.
This fishing village is full of trompe l'oeil—an art form in which nothing is what it appears to be.While some flowers die，others live for years.Why？Because they're __18__ on the buildings!
Trompe l'oeil has been around for centuries.__19__，Camogli's fishermen painted their houses in bright colors and unusual designs，so that they could see their homes __20__ from the water.Then，in the 1700s，it became a way to make small，simple buildings look __21__ and high-valued.
And today？There are still many trompe l'oeil houses in villages like Camogli，but only a few artists are __22__ to paint them.Carlo is one of this ever-decreasing band of artists who have managed to make a business out of it.
His __23__ are often people who want to improve their home's __24__．But for Carlo trompe l'oeil's purpose is to bring something __25__ to a new place，such as bringing the city to the sea or even the deserts to the cities.
Carlo's painting style __26__ the past.He only uses old-style paints and mixes them by hand.He does so for one reason: to protect the trompe l'oeil __27__．He also believes this art should be __28__ everywhere.
Fortunately，in Camogli，local art and culture are still __29__．But remember，don't always __30__ your eyes!
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了卡莫利的错视画艺术，这种艺术形式的起源和发展，以及这种艺术形式的美学价值。
16．A.colored B．crowded
C．damp D．wooden
解析：A 根据下文中的“Camogli's fishermen painted their houses in bright colors”可知，这些房屋是彩色的。
17．A.fancy B．novel
C．real D．valuable
解析：C 根据下文中的“This fishing village is full of trompe l'oeil—an art form in which nothing is what it appears to be.”可以推断，这个渔村充满了错视画，很多东西看起来似乎是真实的，但事实上并非如此。
18．A.carved B．pressed
C．painted D．planted
解析：C 根据下文中的“Camogli's fishermen painted their houses in bright colors”可知，这些花朵是画在房子上的。
19．A.Creatively B．Mistakenly
C．Frequently D．Originally
解析：D 根据上文中的“Trompe l'oeil has been around for centuries.”和下文中的“Then，in the 1700s”可知，此处讲到了错视画最初的情况。
20．A.closely B．easily
C．happily D．hopefully
解析：B 根据常识可知，渔民将房屋涂上颜色是为了从海上轻松地看到自己的房屋。
21．A.comfortable B．complicated
C．grand D．harmonious
解析：C 根据常识和下文中的“high-valued”可知，这样的艺术形式使得房屋看起来很有气派。
22．A.legal B．available
C．responsible D．talented
解析：B 根据下文中的“ever-decreasing band of artists who have managed to make a business out of it”可知，只有少数艺术家画它们。
23．A.designers B．followers
C．customers D．partners
解析：C 根据常识可知，“want to improve their home's”的人们应该是他的客户。
24．A.appearance B．capacity
C．convenience D．privacy
解析：A 根据语境和常识可知，他的客户想要改善房屋的外观。
25．A.civilized B．faraway
C．natural D．unexpected
解析：D 根据下文中的举例“bringing the city to the sea or even the deserts to the cities”和语境可知，对Carlo来说，错视画的目的是将意想不到的事物带到一个新的地方。
26．A.comes from B．brings about
C．goes against D．leaves out
解析：A 根据下文中的“He only uses old-style paints and mixes them by hand.”可知，他使用的绘画风格来自过去。
27．A.artists B．buildings
C．houses D．traditions
解析：D 根据常识可知，“uses old-style paints and mixes them by hand”是为了延续和保护传统。
28．A.accepted B．discussed
C．learned D．seen
解析：D 根据常识可知，作为错视画行业为数不多的传承者，Carlo认为这种艺术应该随处可见。
29．A.temporary B．alive
C．diverse D．unique
解析：B 根据上文中的“There are still many trompe l'oeil houses in villages like Camogli”和语境可知，幸运的是，在卡莫利，这种艺术和文化依然存在。
30．A.believe B．block
C．widen D．cheat
解析：A 根据上文中的描述可知，错视画可以以假乱真，所以，不要总是相信自己的眼睛。