(共38张PPT)
阅读提分练（二）
(限时：40分钟)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Three Types of Renewable Energy Sources
Water Power
Water power is the world's biggest source of renewable energy by far，with China，Brazil，Canada，the U．S.，and Russia being the leading water power producers.While water power is a clean energy source provided by rain and snow，it also has several drawbacks.
Large dams can damage river ecosystems and surrounding communities，harming wildlife and displacing residents.Even water power at full capacity bears its own emission problems，as rotting organic material in reservoirs releases methane(甲烷)．
Dams aren't the only way to use water for power: Tidal and wave energy projects around the world aim to capture the ocean's natural rhythms.The potential marine energy is great.
Wind Power
Wind turbines(涡轮机)are growing around the globe，and China，the U．S.，and Germany are the leading wind energy producers.
Some people may object to how wind turbines look on the horizon(地平线)and to how they sound，but wind energy，whose prices are declining，is proving too valuable a resource to deny.Another problem with wind turbines is that they're a danger for birds and bats，killing hundreds of thousands of them annually.Therefore，engineers are working on solutions to making them safer for flying wildlife.
Solar Power
From home rooftops to farms，solar power is reshaping energy markets around the world.
In addition to solar panels，which change the sun's light to electricity，concentrating solar power (CSP)plants use mirrors to concentrate the sun's heat，getting thermal energy.Solar thermal energy is also being used worldwide for hot water，heating，and cooling.China，Japan，and the U．S.are leading the solar transformation，but it still has a long way to go.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了三种可再生能源的优点和缺点。
1．Which country is the leading producer of all the three renewable energy sources
A．China. B．Japan.
C．Germany. D．Russia.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据Water Power部分中的“Water power is ...water power producers.”，Wind Power部分中的“Wind turbines(涡轮机)are ...wind energy producers.”和Solar Power部分中的“China，Japan，and ...long way to go.”可知，中国是水能、风能和太阳能这三种能源的主要生产国。
2．What may reduce the disadvantages of water power
A．Gathering organic material in reservoirs.
B．Employing alternative water sources.
C．Moving residents away from dams.
D．Using water power at full capacity.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据Water Power部分中的“Dams aren't ...energy is great.”可知，水坝并不是唯一利用水发电的方式，世界各地的潮汐和波浪能源项目都能成为可供选择的其他水力资源，海洋能源潜力巨大。据此可知，使用其他可替代的水资源可以有效减少水能的劣势。
3．What is a problem with the wind turbines
A．They cost too much.
B．They occupy much space.
C．They cause noise pollution.
D．They affect engineers' health.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据Wind Power部分中的“Some people may ...how they sound”可知，噪声污染是风能的缺点之一。
B
When we moved into our home in Maui，Hawaii，16 years ago，one good thing about this house was the huge avocado tree growing in the backyard.
This tree gave the most delicious avocados I have ever tasted.I lived on these avocados when nursing my first child.Fresh avocado was the very first food for my kids.This tree was so huge that it cast a massive shadow over our backyard.It was truly our magical tree.
Until one day，someone from the Department of Health came to tell us that our avocado tree was too large and needed trimming.In New York，you get in trouble if you don't clear the snow off your sidewalk.Here，it's when your trees are too high.So along came the trimmer，leaving just the trunk and a few branches.I was sad.The kids were all sad.Some friends who knew it would say，“It's going to grow back.Your next avocados will be crazy！”Yeah，whatever.The tree was gone，so stop doing that.It just didn't work.
But a few days later，I noticed some unusual butterflies flying around the yard.And then，the sun came in the kitchen，creating this pleasant warmth once blocked by the huge tree.After about a month，I started to notice some tiny green shoots coming out of the cut branches，which eventually turned into full-on bright green leaves.
I started to feel like all was going to be fine，kind of like life.Little do we know what seems really difficult is actually life's way of making us stronger.It's life's way of bringing in the butterflies，the sunshine，and the delightful flowers.We all know that saying，“It will be OK in the end.If it's not，it's not the end.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者搬到夏威夷后，院子里有棵油梨树，作者一家甚是喜欢。然而，由于树太大，健康部门告诉他们需要修剪一下，最后只剩下树干和一些树枝。作者很伤心，但是作者注意到不常见的蝴蝶在院子里飞舞、厨房里阳光明媚。大约一个月后，一些小绿芽从被砍的树枝上冒出来。
4．What does the author mainly want to express in Paragraph 2 about the avocado tree
A．Her kids' love for it. B．Its fruit's good taste.
C．Her expectation of it. D．Its benefits for her family.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“This tree gave the most delicious avocados ...I lived on these avocados ...the very first food for my kids ...cast a massive shadow over our backyard.It was truly our magical tree.”可推知，第二段作者想要表达这棵树给她的家庭带来的好处，故D项正确。
5．Why did the author's friends say the words in Paragraph 3
A．To laugh at her.
B．To cheer her up.
C．To show their regret.
D．To express their excitement.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I was sad.The kids were all sad.”和朋友们所说的话“It's going to grow back.Your next avocados will be crazy！”并结合常识可以推知，朋友们这么说主要想让作者振作起来，故B项正确。
6．What happened to the avocado tree in the end
A．It had no branches.
B．It blocked the sunshine.
C．It was full of life again.
D．It bore more avocados.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“some tiny green shoots coming out of the cut branches，which eventually turned into full-on bright green leaves”可知，这棵树又重新焕发了生机，故C项正确。
7．What message does the author seem to convey in the text
A．You harvest what you sow.
B．Luck and misfortune come in turn.
C．Success won't come unless you go to it.
D．The important thing in life is to have a dream.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“what seems really difficult is actually life's way of making us stronger”并结合文章内容可以推断，作者旨在通过这个故事来告诉读者福祸相依，故B项正确。
C
More than a decade ago，the UK's Royal Society offered ￡1 million to the first person in the world to create a chemical-free product.No one has yet claimed the money because it is impossible.Water is a chemical.So is your tea.Yet there is still so much confusion about everyday products，from cleaning sprays to cosmetics(化妆品)．While some are labeled as chemical-free，others declare they are non-poisonous，natural and eco-friendly.
To work out whether products contain harmful chemicals，which are harmful or dangerous to us or the planet，we need to look at the bigger picture of how something is produced and where it ends up after we have used it.Our homes are just a snapshot(照片)of a complex global supply chain.Your handbag may not be dangerous，but direct exposure to the chromium salts used in commercial leather factories can cause uncomfortable conditions in people involved in its production.And the chlorine bleach(漂白水)that gets washed down the toilet？That is poisonous to animals relying on water.
Labels are so full of jargon(行业术语)；however，identifying what is good and what isn't can feel impossible.A starting point is to not be tricked by marketing words.Even the term “sustainable” has no official definition，so for green credentials(环保资质)，look for proof of claims in the form of certificates，such as Cradle to Cradle，which ensures the chemicals used are safe for people and the environment，and that they get reused in the production process.
Also be skeptical about labels focusing on what a product doesn't contain，such as “paraben-free” or “no harmful substances”．Real transparency(透明度)is about making clear the things that are used to make products，not taking our attention away from them.
Therefore，until long-term effects on people and the planet are investigated，we should choose brands that are fully transparent and call for clearer labeling from the rest.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者对于产品标签的看法及如何鉴别产品。
8．Why does the author mention the UK's Royal Society
A．To explain a concept.
B．To lead in a topic.
C．To provide a solution.
D．To make a prediction.
解析：B 推理判断题。文章第一段讲到十多年前，英国皇家学会承诺给世界上第一个发明无化学物质产品的人奖励100万英镑，但目前还没有人收到这笔奖赏，因为这不可能。接着提出本文主题：产品的标签往往反映着其是否含有化学物质。据此可知，文章提到英国皇家学会是为了引出文章主题。
9．What message does the author convey by mentioning “handbag” in Paragraph 2
A．The production process may be harmful to producers.
B．Daily items at home are dangerous to the planet.
C．Commercial leather factories reflect a complex global supply chain.
D．Health conditions of consumers are supposed to be attached importance to.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Your handbag may ...in its production.”可知，你的手提包可能不危险，但直接接触商业皮革工厂使用的铬盐会使参与生产的人感到不适。据此可以推知，作者提到“手提包”是想要说明生产过程可能对生产者有害。
10．How can people make right judgments on labels
A．By relying on marketing words.
B．By identifying product brands.
C．By focusing on product packaging.
D．By checking on authorized certifications.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Even the term ...the production process.”可知，环保资质需要以证书的形式提供证明，比如“Cradle to Cradle”，以确保所使用的化学品对人和环境都是安全的，并在生产过程中得到重复利用。据此可知，人们可以通过检查授权证书对标签做出正确的判断。
11．What's the author's attitude towards the labels of products
A．Favorable. B．Intolerant.
C．Cautious. D．Unclear.
解析：C 观点、态度题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，作者认为，要对标签上强调的产品不含的东西持怀疑态度，比如“不含防腐剂”或“不含有害物质”，据此可推知，作者对产品标签持谨慎态度。
D
New bioplastics are being made in laboratories from straw，wood chips and food waste，with researchers aiming to replace oil as the source of the world's plastic.
The new approaches include genetically modifying bacteria to eat wood and produce useful chemicals.But the bioplastics are currently significantly more expensive to make than fossil fuel-based plastics.
Land and seas around the world，from high mountains to deep oceans，have become polluted with plastic，prompting major public concern.The world has produced about 8 billion tonnes of plastic since the 1950s and demand is still rising.
While some waste plastic is recycled，much of it is burnt to produce electricity，resulting in carbon emissions that drive climate change.In contrast to plastic made from oil，plastics made from plant-based materials only release the carbon the plants absorb from the air as they grow.Bioplastics will also give more options for products that biodegrade in the environment，although they can be made very long-lasting if required.
“Plastics are an incredible enhancement to our daily lives，”said Paul Mines，CEO of Biome Technologies in the UK，which has spent ￡5 million in the last five years on bioplastics research.“But we can't go on using fossil fuel-based materials.About 6－7% of every barrel of oil is used to make plastics.”
“Using plant materials is feasible，”said Professor Simon，at the University of York.“Replacing half of the nation's plastic bottles could be done by using just 3% of the sugar beet crop，5% of wheat straw or 2.5% of food waste，” he said.
Currently，just a few thousand tonnes of bioplastics are used in the UK each year，compared to millions of tonnes of conventional plastic.Mines said this could rise to about 20，000 tonnes in the next five years.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。科学家们正在试验用秸秆、木屑和食物垃圾制造一种新型生物塑料。与传统的化石燃料塑料相比，它更具有环保性。
12．Why are high mountains and deep oceans mentioned in Paragraph 3
A．To display the range of plastic waste.
B．To show the widespread use of plastic.
C．To stress the increasing demand for plastic.
D．To raise awareness of ocean protection.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Land and seas around the world，from high mountains to deep oceans，have become polluted with plastic”可知，世界各地的陆地和海洋，从高山到深海，都受到了塑料的污染。由此可推知，作者提到高山和深海主要是为了展示塑料垃圾的范围。故选A。
13．What is one advantage of bioplastics over fossil fuel-based plastics
A．Producing electricity.
B．Being eco-friendly.
C．Driving climate change.
D．Biodegrading other plastics.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“While some waste plastic is recycled ...from the air as they grow.”可知，传统的化石燃料塑料会产生很多的碳排放，而新型的生物塑料只释放植物生长时吸收的碳。由此可知，与化石燃料塑料相比，生物塑料的一个优势是有利于环保。故选B。
14．What does the underlined word“feasible”mean in Paragraph 6
A．Possible. B．Troublesome.
C．Original. D．Costly.
解析：A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Replacing half of the nation's ...2.5% of food waste”可知，仅用3%的甜菜作物、5%的小麦秸秆或者2.5%的食物垃圾就可以替换全国一半的塑料瓶。由此可推知，使用植物材料是可行的，故画线词的意思与A项最为接近。
15．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Plastics are necessary in daily life.
B．Oil is the source of the world's plastic.
C．Bioplastic-making is a promising industry.
D．Scientists are researching bioplastic-making.
解析：D 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段内容可知，本文主要讲述了科学家正在研究一种用秸秆、木屑和食物垃圾制造的新型生物塑料。故选D。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Surprise is the error signal our brains produce when something unexpected happens.It is a dopamine(多巴胺)trigger，producing the neurotransmitter(神经递质) that drives attention and motivation.__16__ It makes us stop，notice，and learn.
In his book The Power of Surprise，Rousell presents his finding from decades of his research：__17__ They form our self-concept.
__18__ Samantha felt her shyness was a weakness，until her swim coach surprised her by naming her captain.He said，“She may be quiet，but when this girl says something，you're going to want to listen.”The surprise left her feeling quietly powerful.The change in her beliefs and behaviors was instant and lasting.
Not all surprising moments are created equal.Rousell illustrates some research-backed steps to use surprise well.
Spot self-criticism you'd like to help someone revise.For example，perhaps your student sees himself as a slow learner，or your employee believes he lacks creativity.__19__ Maybe the student who thinks he learns slowly is also very thorough.The employee who thinks he lacks creativity is highly logical.Make your message quick and to the point.The more you delay on the topic or dress it up as flowery praise，the less surprising it will be.__20__
A．Point out his weakness.
B．It was essential adaptation for humans.
C．Identify the opposite side of the same coin.
D．Also，it will make less difference to one's mind.
E．Here is an example the author shares in his book.
F．To put it simply，surprise is a big deal to our brains.
G．Surprise brings the experiences shaping who we believe we are.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了什么是惊讶和惊讶的力量。
16．解析：F 根据空前内容可知，空前讲述了惊讶的基本信息。空后讲了惊讶对我们的作用。由此可知，空处应承上启下，介绍惊讶与我们有关的基本信息，故F项符合语境。
17．解析：G 根据空前的“In his book ...of his research”可知，在他的书中，Rousell介绍了他几十年来的研究发现。由此可知，空处应说明研究发现具体是什么，G选项“惊讶带来的体验塑造了我们所认为的自己”承接上文，且空后的They指代G项中的experiences，故G项符合语境。
18．解析：E 本空为该段主旨句。根据空后内容可知，Samantha觉得害羞是她的弱点，直到她的游泳教练任命她为队长，这让她大吃一惊。教练的话让她觉得自己很强大。她的信念和行为发生了立刻而持久的变化。由此可知，这是列举的一个具体例子，故E项“下面是作者在他的书中分享的一个例子”符合语境。
19．解析：C 根据空前内容可知，学生也许认为自己学习很慢，员工也许认为自己缺乏创造力。根据空后内容可知，或许认为自己学得慢的学生是很仔细周到的；或许认为自己缺乏创造力的员工是很有逻辑的。由此可知，我们要看到一件事情的另一面，C项承上启下，符合语境。
20．解析：D 根据空前的“The more you ...less surprising it will be.”可知，你在这个话题上越拖延，或者把它装扮成华丽的赞美，它就越不令人惊讶。故D项“而且，它对一个人的思想影响较小”符合语境。(共39张PPT)
阅读提分练(一)
(限时：40分钟)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
With 1，500 square miles to explore，from its romantic attractions to its wild landscapes and the easy rural lifestyle，there are no decent public facilities but there is certainly no shortage of beautiful places to stay with the Lake District.See below our hand-picked selection.
Ulverston
Lined with charming cobbled(铺有鹅卵石的) streets，Ulverston is a pretty historic market town located in the south of the Lake District National Park.It is a delightful escape from the crowd-filled attractions，yet is just a stone's throw away from them.
Grasmere
Grasmere is forever linked to the world-renowned Lake Poets，most notably William Wordsworth.Each year，many make the travel to Dove Cottage in Grasmere，where some of Wordsworth's most famous works were written.From towering peaks to tasty treats，a holiday in Grasmere would also not be complete without a taste of the famous Grasmere Gingerbread that has been made here since the mid-19th century.
Cartmel
Home to many traditional stone buildings and charming scenery，Cartmel is a primitive village in South Lakeland district of the English county of Cumbria.Appreciating the colorful glass windows and sculptures makes it a memorable visit.Cartmel's sticky pudding，a traditional English dessert from this Lake District village，is a must-try.Cartmel's restaurants and pubs provide a wide range of food and drink to recharge the batteries after an exhausting hike.
Kendal
Known as the gateway to the Lake District，Kendal is a busy town hosting a selection of restaurants and shops，which makes it an excellent touring base.You can also enjoy the surrounding views of landscapes and lakes from the hilltop.Both Windermere and the Cumbrian coast are easy to reach，making it a fine location for lovers of both coast and countryside.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了英国湖区。
1．What attract the travelers to the Lake District
A．Luxurious facilities.
B．Mysterious adventures.
C．Leisurely countryside sights.
D．Convenient transportation systems.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“With 1，500 square miles to explore ...stay with the Lake District.”可知，湖区吸引游客的地方在于其悠闲的乡村风光，故C项正确。leisurely“不慌不忙的；慢悠悠的”。
2．Which destination best suits lovers of literature
A．Ulverston. B．Grasmere.
C．Cartmel. D．Kendal.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据Grasmere部分中的“Grasmere is forever linked to the world-renowned Lake Poets，most notably William Wordsworth.”可知，如果游客喜欢文学的话，可以去Grasmere，因为世界闻名的湖畔诗人威廉·华兹华斯曾在此居住，故B项正确。
3．What can tourists do at Cartmel
A．Charge the battery for free.
B．Taste a unique local snack.
C．Bicycle in the old village.
D．Admire modern architecture.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据Cartmel部分中的“Cartmel's sticky pudding，a traditional English dessert from this Lake District village，is a must-try.”可知，游客在Cartmel可以品尝当地独特的小吃，故B项正确。
B
“Can we eat this one，Dad？” my four-year-old daughter，Alicia，asks.We're on one of our Thursday adventures，searching the nearby woods for eatable mushrooms.She's pointing at a bright-red cap covered with white dots.I open my handy mushroom-identification app，which notes that Amanita muscaria，while eatable if prepared properly，is also a known hallucinogen (致幻剂) .I have a firm “tell them the truth and be as precise as possible” philosophy and explain what the app says，and that I don't think our Thursday adventures are ready to get quite that adventurous yet.
Watching your kids learn new skills is extraordinarily rewarding，but I've experienced more personal growth than I have at any other point in my life.
Last year，after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week，Alicia could ski smoothly down blue tracks and even attempted her first black.That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined and I've_got_myself_a_partner_for_
life．
It's not all easy—but sometimes that's the point.Alicia practices the violin every day，and although she enjoys it，even 15 minutes of practice can upset her.The trick，I've found，is to let her watch me try to get better at something，too.I start taking piano lessons at 41 years old with the idea that if she sees me struggling as I practice and then improve，she'll understand that things don't come easy，even for grown-ups.I know there's going to be a time when I'll end up on the sidelines cheering her on as she finds her own passions.I'm okay with this，and I'm hoping that by then she'll carry the joy of practice and knowledge through life.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者带着女儿识别毒蘑菇，陪着她练习滑雪，和她一起学习音乐。作为父亲，作者以身作则，在陪伴女儿学习新技能的过程中，自己也在学习，与女儿共同成长。
4．What does the father imply by saying “I've got myself a partner for life”？
A．It is rewarding to learn new skills.
B．Skiing has become his lifelong hobby.
C．He will explore more with his daughter.
D．His daughter will accompany him forever.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Last year，after a ...her first black ...combined”可知，作者去山上是为了陪女儿练习滑雪，且他这个月去山上的次数比过去十五年加起来的次数都多，由此说明他对女儿的陪伴很多，再结合第二段内容可知，女儿在学习的同时，作者也在成长。因此该句是想表达他将陪女儿探索更多，故选C。
5．Why does the father start learning to play the piano
A．To prove it is never too old to learn.
B．To set a good example for his daughter.
C．To experience the joy of piano practice.
D．To share musical knowledge with his daughter.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The trick，I've found ...even for grown-ups.”可知，作者的女儿对每天十五分钟的小提琴练习感到沮丧，为了激励女儿，作者开始学习弹钢琴，想要为女儿树立一个良好的榜样。故选B。
6．Which of the following can best describe the father
A．Rigid and humorous.
B．Cautious and inspiring.
C．Creative and thoughtful.
D．Ambitious and patient.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，作者与女儿在野外采蘑菇，还特地用专门的应用程序来识别蘑菇是否可以食用，这说明作者很谨慎；根据最后一段内容可知，作者以身作则，41岁开始学钢琴，给女儿树立榜样，说明他很有启发能力，懂得鼓励别人。
7．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Thrill of the Skill
B．Practice Makes Perfect
C．Like Father，Like Daughter
D．The Power of Knowledge
解析：A 标题归纳题。通读第二段可知，作者认为看着自己的孩子学会新技能是非常值得的，在孩子学习的同时，自己也在成长；根据最后一段的“end up on ...through life”可知，作者希望女儿能找到自己的爱好，并且在一生中都能拥有实践和(获得)知识的快乐，这说明父亲希望技能可以给孩子带来乐趣，所以A项最适合作本文的标题。
C
We've all had a guilty pleasure or two.Maybe it was an awkward TV show that we enjoyed a little bit too much，maybe a song we listened to ironically until it became a bit too unironic.Perhaps a snack which was very disgusting but it wound up coming back around to be delicious，or a movie which was very egregious but it ended up being a fantastic one.Though we often wonder why we enjoy these things，we should really be asking ourselves why we feel guilty for enjoying them.
With the obvious exception of things that are harmful to people，our harsh judgment toward ourselves and others over what we enjoy does nothing but harm our individual expression and enjoyment.
It's natural to want to appear “cool” to other people—whatever that may mean to you.With the cultural tendency and the means to share literally anything and everything you enjoy via social media，we perfectly integrate (合并) the media we consume to match some sort of the imagined ideal aesthetic (美学) —a trap that's much too easy to fall into.Don't fall into the trap!
My point is，the things that hold us back from openly enjoying our “guilty pleasures”often come from completely unfounded places.This is especially true that a teenage girl would rather be misunderstood than admit she likes pink.Frankly，what's the point？Who are you proving yourself to，and why do you feel the need to prove yourself？If you're not harming anyone，and you are getting happiness from something，then why bother holding yourself back from it just to preserve some kind of integrated image of who you're supposed to be
Life is hard enough as it is.If you've found something that eases the stress of life even just a little bit，hold onto it for dear life.Read a super tacky (俗气的) romance novel.Throw that guilt right out of the window with absolutely no regrets，and do whatever makes you happy.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。不要因为自己喜欢的事情不被世俗理解而感到罪恶，只要你喜欢的事情对别人无害、能让你快乐，就尽情去做吧。
8．What does the underlined word“egregious”mean in the first paragraph
A．Moving. B．Unpopular.
C．Thrilling. D．Unbearable.
解析：D 词义猜测题。根据语境可知，画线词与“fantastic(极好的，了不起的)”意义相反，分析四个选项可知，D项“Unbearable(无法忍受的)”与画线词意义最为接近。
9．What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A．Most people want to gain recognition from others.
B．Social media has a bad impact on self-recognition.
C．The cultural tendency sets a standard for the ideal aesthetic.
D．People enjoy integrating the media that they consume.
解析：A 推理判断题。结合第三段中的“It's natural to want to appear‘cool’to other people ...we perfectly integrate(合并)the media we consume to match some sort of the imagined ideal aesthetic(美学)”可知，我们总是想要维护自己的形象，期待得到别人的认可，故A项正确。
10．What would hold us back from enjoying“guilty pleasures”？
A．The desire to lead a simple life.
B．The intention to show off ourselves.
C．The need to admit that we like pink.
D．The purpose to guard our ideal image.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“why bother holding yourself back from it just to preserve some kind of integrated image of who you're supposed to be？”可以看出，维护自己的完美形象可能会阻碍自己去享受“罪恶乐趣”，故D项正确。
11．Which of the following may the author agree with
A．Find ways to overcome hard life.
B．Set ourselves free from fixed opinions.
C．Have an in-depth talk with ourselves to find our souls.
D．Talk with people and make our own decisions.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“some sort of the imagined ideal ...Don't fall into the trap！”和第四段中的“why bother holding yourself back ...image of who you're supposed to be？”可知，作者建议读者不要掉入一些想象的理想美学的陷阱，而是要勇敢地摆脱固有看法，尽情享受生活，故B项正确。
D
Living in a city is a well-known risk factor for developing a mental disorder，while living close to nature is largely beneficial to mental health and the brain.A central brain region，the amygdala (扁桃核) involved in stress processing，has been shown to be less activated during stress in people living in rural areas，compared to those who live in cities，hinting at the potential benefits of nature.“But so far the hen-and-egg problem could not be resolved，namely whether nature actually caused the effects in the brain or whether the particular individuals chose to live in rural or urban regions，”says Sonja Sudimac.
To achieve causal evidence，the researchers from the group examined brain activity in regions involved in stress processing in 63 healthy volunteers before and after a one-hour walk in Grunewald Forest or a shopping street with traffic in Berlin.The results revealed that activity in the amygdala decreased after the walk in nature，suggesting that nature elicits beneficial effects on brain regions related to stress.
“The results support the previously assumed positive relationship between nature and brain health，but this is the first study to prove the causal link.Interestingly，the brain activity after the urban walk in these regions remained stable and showed no increases，which argues against a commonly held view that urban exposure causes additional stress，”explains Simone Kühn，head of the group.
The authors show that nature has a positive impact on brain regions involved in stress processing and that it can already be observed after a one-hour walk.This contributes to the understanding of how our physical living environment affects brain and mental health.Even short exposure to nature decreases amygdala activity，suggesting that a walk in nature could serve as a preventive measure against developing mental health problems and reducing the potentially disadvantageous impact of the city on the brain.
In order to investigate beneficial effects of nature in different populations and age groups，the researchers are currently working on a study examining how a one-hour walk in natural versus urban environments impacts stress in mothers and their babies.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自然对人类大脑产生的影响。
12．What does the hen-and-egg problem mean by Sonja Sudimac
A．Living in rural areas actually affects brain activity.
B．People in cities tend to have a higher risk of mental problems.
C．It's unnecessary to work out the complex issue of stress and health.
D．It's hard to clarify the impact of living environment on mental health.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But so far the ...or urban regions”可知，到目前为止，母鸡和鸡蛋的问题还没有得到解决，也就是说，到底是大自然对大脑产生了影响，还是特定的个体选择生活在农村或城市地区。据此可知，在Sonja Sudimac看来“母鸡和鸡蛋的问题”意味着生活环境对精神健康的影响很难说清楚。
13．How did researchers collect evidence for the study
A．By quoting authoritative experts.
B．By interviewing healthy volunteers.
C．By researching on a previous theory.
D．By comparing volunteers' amygdala activity.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“To achieve causal ...traffic in Berlin.”可知，为了获得因果证据，该小组的研究人员对63名健康志愿者在Grunewald森林或柏林交通繁忙的购物街散步一小时前后的大脑活动进行了检查。据此可以推知，研究人员通过比较志愿者的扁桃核活动来为这项研究收集证据。
14．What contribution did Simone Kühn and his team mainly make
A．Confirming the assumption of nature's benefits to brain health.
B．Supporting a commonly held view of urban exposure.
C．Revealing the link between age and mental health.
D．Identifying the causes of mental health problems.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The results support ...prove the causal link.”可知，研究结果支持了之前假设的自然和大脑健康之间的正相关关系，但这是首次证明因果关系的研究。据此可知，Simone Kühn和他的团队的主要贡献是证实了自然对大脑健康有益的假设。
15．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．Benefits of a regular walk in nature.
B．The focus of the follow-up research.
C．An appeal for living in urban regions.
D．Nature's positive effects on women and children.
解析：B 段落大意题。通读最后一段可知，为了调查自然对不同人群和年龄组的有益影响，研究人员目前正在进行一项研究，研究调查了在自然环境和城市环境中散步一小时对母亲和婴儿的压力有何影响。据此可知，最后一段主要讲的是进一步研究的重点。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
At any moment，you or someone around you could experience an injury or an illness.In this case，you need to provide basic medical care for yourself or the person.This is known as first aid.Using basic first aid，you may be able to stop a small accident from getting worse.__16__
In some cases，first aid consists of the initial support provided for someone in the middle of a medical emergency.__17__ In other cases，first aid consists of the care provided for someone with a small injury.For example，first aid is often what is needed to treat burns，cuts and insect stings (蜇伤)．And if you come across an emergency situation，follow these three basic steps：
Check the scene for danger.Watch out for anything that might be dangerous，like signs of fire or falling pieces.If your safety is at risk，remove yourself from the area and call for help.__18__ Don't move them unless you must do so to protect them from danger.
__19__If you suspect the sick or injured person needs emergency medical care，tell a nearby person to call 911 or the local number for emergency medical services.If you're alone，make the call yourself.
Provide care.If you can do so safely，remain with the sick or injured person until professional help arrives.__20__If you have basic first aid skills，try to treat any life-threatening injuries they have.Remove yourself from danger if you think your safety might be at risk at any point in the situation.
A．Call for medical help，if needed.
B．Provide emergency medical services.
C．This support might help them survive until professional help arrives.
D．If the scene is safe，assess the condition of the sick or injured person.
E．In case of a serious medical emergency，you may even save a life.
F．Cover them with a warm blanket，comfort them and try to keep them calm.
G．If they have difficulty breathing，loosen any clothing around their chest and neck.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了急救的重要性和遇到紧急情况进行急救时应注意的事项。
16．解析：E 空前一句讲到了进行基础的急救可以阻止小的意外恶化，因此，空处应该会进一步讲到严重情况下急救的重要性，故E项符合语境。
17．解析：C 根据空后的“In other cases”可知，空处与前文联系密切。空前提到了“initial support”，空处承接上文应该会继续讲一些与最初的救助相关的内容，故C项“这种救助也许能帮助他们在专业救援抵达之前存活下来”符合语境，且C项中的“This support”与“initial support”呼应。
18．解析：D 根据本段的主旨句“Check the scene for danger.”可知，本段主要讲到了急救时应注意查看环境是否危险。空前已经提到“If your safety is at risk”，空处应该会讲到当环境安全时你该怎样做，故D项符合语境。
19．解析：A 根据第三段和第五段首句可知，空处为第四段的主旨句。根据本段讲到的“tell a nearby person ...make the call yourself”可知，本段主要讲到了如有必要则打电话求救，故A项适合作本段的主旨句。
20．解析：F 根据“Provide care”和空前的“remain with the sick or injured person until professional help arrives”可知，空处应该会讲到提供护理的具体举措，故F项符合语境。(共37张PPT)
阅读提分练(三)
(限时：40分钟)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Copenhagen has GREAT public transport.It is reliable，safe，and easily accessible.Of course，like everything in Copenhagen，it is not cheap.The system can be a little confusing，even for the locals，but we're here to help simplify it all for you！And today our focus is Travelling with a Bike.
BIKES ON THE TRAIN
Bicycles can be taken on s-tog lines for free but you can't take bikes through N?rreport Station during peak hours.To take your bike on a train，you need to put it on the first or last carriage，clearly marked with large signs of bicycles on the outside.
To take a bike on a regional train，which takes you to parts of Denmark outside Copenhagen，you must buy an extra ticket.The price depends on the distance and varies from 16 kr to 28 kr.
BIKES ON THE METRO
Bicycles can be taken on the metro for an extra 13 kr.You need to pay for the bike with its own ticket.You can't take your bike on the metro during peak hours.
BIKES ON THE BUS
You can bring a bike on a bus but each bus is limited to two bikes，even if there is much space.Generally，people do not travel with their bikes on buses in Copenhagen.
BIKES ON THE FERRY(渡船)
Charges for bicycles depend on the company and the destination.You will need to check with the ferry companies.When you book the ticket，you must state that you have a bicycle，even if it's free of charge.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在哥本哈根的自行车旅行。
1．Who is this text probably intended for
A．Tourist guides.
B．Bike travellers.
C．Local citizens.
D．Ticket inspectors.
解析：B 写作对象题。根据第一段中的“And today our focus is Travelling with a Bike.”可知，这篇文章的写作对象是骑自行车旅行的人。故B项正确。
2．On which public transport can you take a bike for free
A．A peak-time s-tog train.
B．A weekday regional train.
C．An off-peak metro train.
D．A weekend ferry.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据BIKES ON THE TRAIN部分中的“Bicycles can be taken on s-tog lines for free”可知，自行车在s-tog这条线上可以免费携带。故A项正确。
3．What is the disadvantage of bringing a bike on a bus
A．Buses are too crowded.
B．It's against the local custom.
C．Availability is not guaranteed.
D．It's not welcomed by other passengers.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据BIKES ON THE BUS部分中的“You can bring a bike ...even if there is much space.”可知，每辆公交上仅限携带两辆自行车，可用率低。故C项正确。
B
As a child，Fischer loved going to the beach and riding bikes along the coastline with his father，Karl Fischer.So when he lost his dad to pancreatic cancer，he turned to the healing power of the ocean.
At the start of this year，Fischer wrote his father's name on his surfboard and took it out to sea in Newport，Rhode Island.His father's name shone in the sun on what felt like a shared adventure.Inspired，Fischer made a video and posted it on social media on the same day.“If you love the ocean，or you know someone who loves the ocean，or maybe you lost someone who just loved being outdoors ...you can comment on this video with their name and a bit of their story，and I'll put their name on my board here，just like I've done with my father's name，”he said in the video.“And I'll take them out in the ocean for you.”
Names poured in from thousands of strangers grieving(悲伤)the loss of their loved ones.And with that the One Last Wave Project was born，the aim of which was to exchange stories with a community of people going through the same pain.They were essentially healing together.About two months later，Fischer had received over 5，000 names and written most of them on two surfboards.The first two surfboards ran out of space—he's working on getting more.He wrote the names in neat letters on the surfboard and put a clear acrylic(丙烯酸的)coat over them so that they didn't wash off.
Though a lot of people have been struggling with grief，Fischer was amazed by the responses that had poured in.“If I am able to help one or more persons，that is enough for me，”he said.“But I am blown away—by not just the number of people sharing，but the depth of stories and love that they are sharing.”And he plans to take his project around the world and connect with even more people—through shared grief and the power of the ocean.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。费舍尔的父亲死于胰腺癌，他求助于海洋的治愈力量。费舍尔把父亲的名字写在冲浪板上，带着冲浪板出海。他把自己的做法拍成视频发到网上，告诉其他失去亲人的人可以把自己亲人的名字发给他，他可以通过把他们的名字写在冲浪板上，帮助提供名字的人一起治愈悲伤。
4．How did Fischer share his idea with others
A．By giving a live broadcast online.
B．By posting a video on the Internet.
C．By going to the beach with his father.
D．By writing his father's name on the surfboard.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Inspired，Fischer made a video ...he said in the video.”可知，费舍尔录制了视频并把它发到网上，故B项正确。
5．Why did Fischer start the One Last Wave Project
A．To memorize his father.
B．To attract public attention.
C．To face the grief bravely.
D．To help people out of sadness.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Names poured in ...essentially healing together.”可知，名字蜂拥而至，它们来自成千上万因为失去亲人而悲伤的陌生人。接着One Last Wave Project诞生了，其目的是与一群遭受同样痛苦的人交流故事，他们本质上是在一起疗伤。由此可知，他建立One Last Wave Project的目的是和一群遭受同样痛苦的人交流故事，一起治愈失去亲人的悲伤，即帮助人们走出悲伤。
6．What does Fischer intend to do next
A．Share his experience at sea.
B．Extend the project worldwide.
C．Connect to more social media.
D．Sail around the world with strangers.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“And he plans to ...the power of the ocean.”可知，他还计划把他的项目带到世界各地，通过分享悲痛和海洋的力量，与更多的人建立联系。由此可推知，费舍尔打算在全世界推广这个项目。
7．What can we learn from the story
A．Actions speak louder than words.
B．He who laughs last laughs best.
C．A good beginning makes a good ending.
D．Sharing can help heal the pain.
解析：D 推理判断题。浏览全文可知，文章讲述了费舍尔的父亲死于胰腺癌，他求助于海洋的治愈力量。费舍尔把父亲的名字写在冲浪板上，带着冲浪板出海。他把自己的做法拍成视频发到网上，告诉其他失去亲人的人可以把自己亲人的名字发给他，他可以通过把他们的名字写在冲浪板上，帮助提供名字的人一起治愈悲伤。由此可推知，费舍尔让遭受同样痛苦的人分享自己的悲痛，然后帮助这些人治愈悲痛，这表明分享有助于治愈痛苦。故选D。
C
Pieter Bruegel's iconic 1565 painting The Harvesters hangs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.The work showed people harvesting wheat nearly as tall as they were.“Nowadays，however，if you walk through a wheat field，you basically see that wheat is about knee-height.The reduced height is essentially a consequence of being bred (培育) along with genes for increasing production to feed a growing population，”biologist De Smet explained.
De Smet says wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can allow us to track the transformation of food crops over time.He teamed up with art historian Vergauwen，a friend since childhood，to document such artwork around the world.They have been mainly looking at things where they can spot changes in shape，color and size.
Their interest in plants in artwork began with a visit to the Hermitage Museum，where they noticed an odd-looking watermelon in an early-17th-century painting.It appeared to be pale and white on the inside.Biologist De Smet assumed the painter had done a poor job.But art historian Vergauwen had a different idea.“No，this is one of the best painters ever from that era.So if he painted it like that，that's the way it must have looked like，”he explained.
Other paintings revealed that both red and white watermelons were grown during the 17th century.“With all the genetic knowledge we now have，we can look at how something comes about in more detail，”De Smet said.“For example，until the 18th century，European strawberries appeared tiny in paintings—they then grew in size as they were crossbred with North American varieties.”
Ultimately，the team hopes to create an online research database of historical plant artwork.They seek the contributions of art enthusiasts around the world via the social media.“However，”Vergauwen reminds，“if you're going to use，for example，Picasso to try and understand how a pear looked in the early 20th century，you might be misled.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。根据不同时期的写实的艺术作品，一个团队观察、发现一些东西在形状、颜色和大小方面发生的变化，让人们更好地了解粮食作物的变化。
8．What can we learn about the painting The Harvesters
A．It shows how people successfully grew wheat.
B．It proves that wheat was much shorter in the past.
C．It explains the consequence of different breeding methods.
D．It gives clues about how wheat in the 16th century looked like.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，在该作品中小麦几乎和人们一样高，即人们可以看到16世纪的小麦看起来是什么样的。故D项正确。
9．What inspired the research team to start their study
A．Their preference for food crops.
B．Their friendship since childhood.
C．Their divided views on an old painting.
D．Their shared interest in Hermitage Museum.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Their interest ...had a different idea.”可知，该团队的两人对博物馆内一幅画有奇怪的西瓜的作品有了不同的看法，所以对艺术作品中的植物开始感兴趣。故C项正确。
10．What is the message from Vergauwen in the last paragraph
A．Art enthusiasts are not careful enough.
B．Abstract paintings often mislead people.
C．The source paintings need to be realistic.
D．Picasso's paintings are hard to understand.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“if you're going to use ...you might be misled”可知，如果你要用毕加索的画来尝试理解20世纪早期的梨是什么样的，你可能被误导。故可推知，Vergauwen是想说画作本身应该真实，故C项正确。
11．What is the purpose of the text
A．To comment on historical plant paintings.
B．To tell interesting stories behind plant artwork.
C．To inform readers of a scientific breakthrough.
D．To introduce a study on food crop transformation.
解析：D 写作目的题。文章第一段介绍一幅画作，引出小麦变化的问题，后续讲述一个团队通过研究不同时代的艺术画作来追踪粮食作物变化问题，故D项正确。
D
Whales，particularly baleen and sperm whales，are among the largest creatures on Earth.Their presence in the ocean shapes the ecosystems around them.These creatures are also helping to determine the temperature of the planet.
When whales die，they sink to the ocean floor and all the carbon that is stored in their extremely large bodies is transferred from surface waters to the deep sea，where it remains for centuries or more.Scientists found that before industrial whaling，populations of whales would have made 190，000 to 1.9 million tonnes of carbon per year sink to the bottom of the ocean，which equals taking 40，000 to 410，000 cars off the road each year.But when they are killed and their bodies are prevented from sinking to the seabed，that carbon is released into the atmosphere.
But whales are not only valuable after death.The tides of excrement(排泄物) that whales produce are also surprisingly relevant to the climate.Their iron-rich excrement creates the perfect growing conditions for phytoplankton (浮游植物) .These creatures may be microscopic，but，taken together，they have a great influence on the planet's atmosphere，absorbing about 40% of all CO2 produced，four times the amount absorbed by the Amazon rainforest.
“Whaling has removed a huge organic carbon pump from the ocean that would have been having a much larger multiplying effect on phytoplankton productivity and the ocean's ability to absorb carbon，”says Vicki James，policy manager at Whale and Dolphin Conservation.
What this means is that restoring whale populations to their pre-whaling numbers could be an important tool in fighting climate change，and helping to slightly reduce the large amount of CO2 from fossil fuels every year.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。鲸鱼对全球气候有巨大影响，它们自然死亡沉入海底可以防止它们体内储存的碳进入大气，它们的粪便可以帮助浮游植物生长从而吸收二氧化碳，因此，恢复鲸鱼种群数量对环境保护意义重大。
12．What happens to the carbon stored in whales after they are hunted
A．It remains in their bodies.
B．It enters the atmosphere.
C．It sinks to the deep sea.
D．It transfers to surface waters.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“when they are killed and their bodies are prevented from sinking to the seabed，that carbon is released into the atmosphere”可知，当鲸鱼被捕杀之后，它们的身体不会沉入海底，它们体内储存的碳会进入大气中，故B项正确。
13．What does the underlined word “microscopic”mean in Paragraph 3
A．Tiny. B．Destructive.
C．Extinct. D．Rare.
解析：A 词义猜测题。分析句子结构可知，画线词是对浮游植物特征的描述，结合常识和下文中的“but，taken together，they have a great influence”可知，画线词应为great“巨大的”的反义词，故A项正确。
14．What can we infer from the text
A．Whales are more valuable after they die.
B．Excrement of whales accelerates global warming.
C．40% of CO2 is absorbed by the Amazon rainforest.
D．Whaling has a negative influence on climate change.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“restoring whale populations to their pre-whaling numbers could be an important tool in fighting climate change”可知，将鲸鱼的数量恢复到捕鲸之前的数量对应对气候变化有很重要的作用，据此可以推断，捕鲸对气候变化有消极的影响，故D项正确。
15．Which is the best title of the text
A．What We Can Do to Save Whales
B．How Whales Help Cool the Earth
C．What Climate Change Is Doing to Whales
D．Why Whale Populations Are Declining Sharply
解析：B 标题归纳题。本文第一段讲到了鲸鱼对地球温度影响巨大；第二段讲到了它们自然死亡沉入海底可以防止它们体内储存的碳进入大气；第三段讲到了它们的粪便可以帮助浮游植物生长从而吸收二氧化碳；最后两段讲到了捕鲸对气候变化的消极影响及恢复鲸鱼数量的重要性，因此B项“鲸鱼是如何帮助地球保持清凉的”最适合作本文的标题。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Science shows that stretching(伸展)is essential after exercise.Stretching lengthens and mobilizes the connective tissue around your muscles.What's more，stretching helps your blood flow and even relieves your stress.__16__
You could feel sick.You won't be surprised to know that when you exercise，you raise your heart rate for a period of time.While it's great to get that blood flowing，it's just as important to get your heart rate back to a normal level after the workout is over.__17__As your heart is beating faster and your body temperature is higher，you could pass out or feel sick if you stop too fast.Stretching after physical activity allows a gradual decrease at the end of the episode.
Your muscles will likely become stiffer and more sore.When you exercise your muscles，it produces lactic acid(乳酸)，which is actually what causes your muscles to become sore.When you rest between periods of exercise，your body naturally breaks down that lactic acid.Is there one thing that helps your body get rid of that lactic acid？__18__ Stretching helps you distribute oxygen throughout your body，which can reduce lactic acid production and rid your muscles of any accumulation of lactic acid.
__19__ Flexibility is closely related to injury risk.Poor flexibility will cause you to have muscles that get tired more quickly and joints that are more likely to suffer from injury.Besides，your weakened range of motion will lead to less blood and nutrients to your joints.__20__ Sticking to stretching after physical activity can hopefully improve your flexibility.
A．You'll be at risk of injury.
B．You guessed it：stretching.
C．You'll improve your flexibility by stretching.
D．It does wonders for both your physical and mental health.
E．This is also known in the fitness world as“cooling down”．
F．There are harmful side effects if you don't stretch after exercise.
G．That's why people often feel pain in their weight-bearing joints like knees and hips.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。科学表明运动后拉伸非常有必要，本篇文章介绍了运动后为什么要拉伸以及拉伸的好处。
16．解析：F 空前讲到了拉伸的好处。根据第二段和第三段的首句可知，空处承上启下，应该会讲到运动后不拉伸的坏处。故选F项“如果你运动后不做伸展运动，就会产生有害的副作用”。
17．解析：E 根据空前的“it's just as important ...workout is over”可知，E项“这在健身界也被称为‘降温’”符合语境，且E项中的“This”指代“get your heart rate back to a normal level after the workout is over”。
18．解析：B 空前提出一个问题：有没有方法可以帮助身体摆脱乳酸。接下来应该回答这个问题并呼应主题，故B项“你猜对了：拉伸”对空前的提问进行了回答。
19．解析：A 根据第二段和第三段的首句可知，空处应与前两段在逻辑上保持一致，也应该讲不做拉伸的负面作用，再结合空后的“injury risk”可知，A项“你将会有受伤的危险”符合语境。
20．解析：G 根据空前两句内容可知，灵活性差会导致你的肌肉更快疲劳，关节更易损伤。除此之外，运动范围的缩小会导致关节的血液和营养供应减少。G项“那就是人们的负重关节，如膝盖和髋关节经常感到疼痛的原因”符合语境。(共37张PPT)
阅读提分练(四)
(限时：40分钟)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
At the approach of a short holiday，you may prepare for a vacation.As your one-stop vacation planner，VME has everything you need to book an unforgettable getaway.Booking a vacation has never been more convenient.If you aren't sure where to go，check out our most popular destinations.
Nashville-18
If you are country music lovers，there truly is nothing better than witnessing a show at Nashville，TN.Having a mouth-watering meal on a yacht is also a good experience.There are many different options for lodging (暂住)，from the luxury to the budget-friendly and comfortable options.
Myrtle Beach
If you are looking for coastal views and oceanic adventures，then Myrtle Beach is the place for you！This city is known for its amazing beaches and adventures that offer opportunities to create the most unforgettable memories.A wide variety of accommodations also awaits you.
San Antonio
San Antonio is a great place to visit for a combination of American history and modern attractions.Favored activities include the City Sightseeing Tour and Six Flags Fiesta Texas.Your trip to San Antonio will be wonderful！Various options for lodging are available.
Lake Tahoe
Lake Tahoe is known for its amazing and luxurious (奢侈的) ski resorts.For those who love nature，the Get Outdoors in Lake Tahoe is a must.This gorgeous region is filled with natural wonders，amazing shows，and lodging to suit your needs.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个假期最受欢迎的目的地。
1．What is the purpose of this text
A．To introduce the function of VME.
B．To show how to be a good planner.
C．To explain how to book a vacation.
D．To recommend some popular destinations.
解析：D 写作目的题。通读全文并结合第一段最后一句“If you aren't sure where to go，check out our most popular destinations.”可知，本篇文章为度假者介绍了几个最受欢迎的度假目的地，故选D。
2．Which destination attracts people interested in the winter sports
A．Lake Tahoe. B．Nashville-18.
C．San Antonio. D．Myrtle Beach.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据Lake Tahoe部分中的“Lake Tahoe is known for its amazing and luxurious(奢侈的)ski resorts.”可知，太浩湖以其令人惊叹的豪华滑雪场而闻名，因此会吸引那些喜欢冬季运动项目的人，故选A。
3．What do the four destinations have in common
A．They host wonderful shows.
B．They have many amazing wonders.
C．They have interesting activities.
D．They offer different choices for lodging.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据Nashville-18中的“There are many different options for lodging(暂住)”，Myrtle Beach中的“A wide variety of accommodations also awaits you”，San Antonio中的“Various options for lodging are available.”以及Lake Tahoe中的“This gorgeous region is filled with ...and lodging to suit your needs.”可知，四个目的地都提供了不同的住宿选择，故选D。
B
Carl Allamby，the owner of two auto-repair shops with 11 employees，had become desirous of something more.At first，he thought it must have to do with growing his business even further.Therefore，the Ohio resident decided to go for his university's degree in business management.
After taking classes part-time over the next five years，Allamby was told，unexpectedly，that he had to take biology to get his degree.It turned out to be the best thing that could have happened.The biology class rekindled a childhood dream that he had put away somewhere deep within himself.“After the first day，I remembered this feeling of wanting to be a doctor，”Allamby says.
Growing up in a poor African American neighborhood，he faced low expectations and numerous barriers to pursuing his dream.His school didn't offer the advanced science classes that might have led him on a medical path.Even if it had，doing well in school could prove dangerous—students who brought books back home would always be robbed(抢劫)．So he set aside thoughts of becoming a doctor in favor of a more realistic career path—fixing cars.
Years later，a different Carl Allamby，with the support of his wife and family，decided to skip business school in favor of the science classes he'd need for a second career as a health care worker.
And in 2015，Allamby cut ties with his past，selling his two shops and everything that was in them.Then he started at Northeast Ohio Medical University.At the age of 47，as a medical doctor，he took a job in emergency medicine at Cleveland Clinic Akron General.
“I am told that I shouldn't be a doctor，”he says.“Whether it's because of my age，my race，my upbringing or my past career，these are all good reasons why I shouldn't be here.And yet，here I am.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。汽车修理店老板Carl Allamby一开始为了改善公司经营状况，报了企业管理的大学课程。五年后，学校称他得完成生物课程才能获得学位。这也让他想起了儿时想成为医生的梦想。经过数年的努力，Carl终于成了一名医生，实现了儿时的梦想。
4．Why did Carl take business management classes in his opinion at first
A．Because he wanted to meet more potential employees.
B．Because he wanted to be respected by his employees.
C．Because he wanted to improve his company's business.
D．Because he wanted to be qualified for a professor's job.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“he thought it must have to do with growing his business even further”可知，Carl刚开始认为，自己之所以报名企业管理课程是为了改善公司经营状况，故C项正确。
5．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “rekindled”？
A．Took on. B．Pulled over.
C．Put out. D．Brought back.
解析：D 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句和下文中Carl所说的“I remembered this feeling of wanting to be a doctor”可知，生物课让他回忆起了埋在内心深处的自己儿时想成为医生的梦想，故D项与画线词的意义最为接近。
6．What makes Carl fail to pursue his dream
A．The poor path to his school.
B．The dangerous crimes in Africa.
C．Lack of the access to some key courses.
D．Lack of the money to buy advanced textbooks.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“His school didn't offer the advanced science classes that might have led him on a medical path.”可知，Carl所在的学校不提供高等理科课程，这阻碍了他追逐梦想，故C项正确。
7．Which word can best describe Carl Allamby
A．Gifted. B．Determined.
C．Enthusiastic. D．Powerful.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据整篇文章对Carl的描述尤其是最后一段中的“these are all good reasons why I shouldn't be here.And yet，here I am”可知，Carl克服了重重障碍才实现了自己儿时的梦想，由此可见，他是一个意志坚定的人。故B项正确。
C
Though researchers have long known that adults build an unconscious (无意识的) preference over a lifetime of making choices between things that are essentially the same，the new finding that even babies engage in this phenomenon demonstrates that this way of justifying choices is intuitive (直觉的) and somehow fundamental to the human experience.
“The act of making a choice changes how we feel about our options，”said Alex Silver，a Johns Hopkins researcher.“Even infants who are really just at the start of making choices for themselves have this preference.”
The findings are published today in the journal Psychological Science.People assume they choose things that they like.But research suggests that's sometimes backward：We like things because we choose them.And，we dislike things that we don't choose.“Adults make these inferences unconsciously，”said co-author Lisa Feigenson，a Johns Hopkins scientist in child development.“We justify our choice after the fact.”
This makes sense for adults in a consumer culture who must make random choices every day，between everything from toothpaste brands to styles of jeans.The question is when people exactly start doing this.So they turned to babies，who don't get many choices and so，as Feigenson puts it，are “a perfect window into the origin of this tendency”．
The team brought 10-to 20-month-old babies into the lab and gave them a choice of objects to play with: two equally bright and colorful soft blocks.They set them far apart，so the babies had to crawl to one or the other—a random choice.After the baby chose one of the toys，the researchers took it away and came back with a new option.The babies could then pick from the toy they didn't play with the first time，or a brand-new toy.Their choices showed they didn't prefer the unchosen object.
To continue studying the evolution of choices in babies，the lab will next look at the idea of“choice overload”．For adults，choices are good，but too many choices can be a problem，so the lab will try to determine if that is also true for babies.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，婴儿也会像成年人一样在本质相同的事物之间做出选择，从而形成无意识的偏好。
8．What is people's assumption about the act of making choices
A．They like what they choose.
B．They choose what they like.
C．They base choices on the fact.
D．They make choices thoughtfully.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“People assume they choose things that they like.”可知，人们对选择行为的假设是人们认为他们选择了自己喜欢的东西，故选B。
9．Why were babies selected as subjects for the study
A．To help them make better choices.
B．To guide them to perceive the world.
C．To track the root of making random choices.
D．To deepen the understanding of a consumer culture.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The question is ...‘a perfect ...this tendency’．”可知，研究人员选择婴儿作为研究对象是因为他们想追踪随机选择的根源，故选C。
10．What does the study on the babies show
A．They like novel objects.
B．Their choices are mostly based on colors.
C．Their random choices become the preference.
D．They are unable to make choices for themselves.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Their choices ...unchosen object.”可知，他们的选择表明他们不喜欢未选择的东西，即他们的随机选择变成了偏好，故选C。
11．What will the following study focus on
A．The law of “choice overload”．
B．The problem of adults' many choices.
C．Why too many choices can influence adults.
D．Whether babies are troubled by many choices.
解析：D 推理判断题。最后一段中的“For adults，choices ...true for babies.”指的是有选择对于成年人来说是好事，但太多的选择可能是一个问题，所以实验室试图确定那是否也适用于婴儿。由此可知，接下来的研究重点是婴儿是否也像成年人一样由于有太多的选择而受到困扰。
D
A method of transforming a commonly thrown-away plastic to a resin (树脂) used in 3D printing could allow making better use of plastic waste.A team of Washington State University researchers developed a simple and efficient way to transform polylactic acid (PLA) (聚乳酸)，a bio-based plastic used in products such as filaments，plastic silverware and food packaging to a high-quality resin.
“We found a way to immediately turn this into something that's stronger and better，and we hope that will provide people with the inspiration to upcycle this stuff instead of just throwing it away，”said Yu-Chung Chang，a postdoctoral researcher in the WSU's School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and co-corresponding author on the work.“We made stronger materials just straight out of trash.We believe this could be a great opportunity.”
Although it's bio-based，PLA，which is categorized as a number 7 plastic，can float in fresh or salt water for a year without degrading.It is also rarely recycled because like many plastics，when it's melted down and re-formed，it doesn't perform as well as the original version and becomes less valuable.
“It's biodegradable and compostable，but once you look into it，it turns out that it can take up to 100 years to rot away in a landfill，”Chang said.“In reality，it still creates a lot of pollution.We want to make sure that when we do start producing PLA on the million-tons scale，we will know how to deal with it.”
While the researchers focused on PLA for the study，they hope to apply the work to polyethylene terephthalate(PET)，which is more common than PLA and has a similar chemical structure and presents a bigger waste problem.They have filed a temporary patent and are working to further improve the process.The researchers are also looking into other applications of the upcycling method.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。华盛顿州立大学一组研究人员开发了一种新方法，能将废弃的塑料转化为高质量的树脂以便适用于3D打印。
12．What can the method help do according to Paragraph 1
A．Solve financial crisis.
B．Change waste into wealth.
C．Control plastic production.
D．Determine 3D printing skills.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A method of transforming ...better use of plastic waste.”可知，一种将常见的丢弃塑料转化为用于3D打印的树脂的方法可以更好地利用塑料垃圾，即这种方法可以变废为宝。故选B。
13．What does Yu-Chung Chang think of the method
A．Unrealistic. B．Imaginable.
C．Promising. D．Common.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第二段中Yu-Chung Chang说的话“We made stronger materials just straight out of trash.We believe this could be a great opportunity.”可知，他认为这种变废为宝的做法很有前景，故选C。
14．Which of the following is a feature of number 7 plastics
A．They are hard to break down.
B．They are easy to deal with.
C．They are still invaluable after being recycled.
D．They are difficult to sort out.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“which is categorized as a number 7 plastic ...without degrading”可知，7号塑料的一个特点是可以在淡水或盐水中漂浮一年而不降解，即7号塑料很难分解，故选A。
15．What is the text mainly about
A．Applications of an upcycling method.
B．3D printing with newly found materials.
C．A new way to turn plastics into valuable products.
D．Some better methods to break down different plastics.
解析：C 主旨大意题。总览全文可知，本文主要报道了研究人员开发了一种将废弃塑料转化为高质量的树脂以便适用于3D打印的新方法，即一种将塑料转化为有价值的产品的新方法，故选C。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you suffer from low energy？Is it difficult to get out of bed in the morning？Do your head and stomach ache？If so，you could be experiencing job burnout.__16__ 77% of workers surveyed by Deloitte said they had experienced burnout.And 90% of those said that stress had negatively impacted their work.
Burnout is dangerous.It can lead to mental and physical exhaustion，a loss of identity，and feeling a lack of accomplishment，which harm the body over time.Do you want to get out of this state？__17__
One way you can help relieve burnout is by practicing communication.Be clear about what you're feeling，and if you are overworking，discuss it with your supervisor or co-workers.__18__ Taking time off is also a good idea.
While self-care has been a trend these days，it will not cure burnout.__19__ Their support and cooperation can make you feel better.Another option is to take part in regular physical activities to get your mind off work.
__20__ A study cited by The New York Times found that surgeons who made time for recreational activities were less likely to experience burnout than those who didn't.A few ideas for relaxing activities can be yoga，meditation，or mindfulness.
A．As a matter of fact，you aren't alone.
B．Finally，make time to do things you love.
C．Burnout can also develop along with anxiety.
D．Read on to discover how to deal with it effectively.
E．Provide them with ideas that would help lighten burnout in the office.
F．What can help address the problem is to see a doctor or meet with friends.
G．If you are eating more or less than usual，stress hormones can be affecting your appetite.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了职业倦怠的危害，同时介绍了缓解职业倦怠的方法，如进行沟通、锻炼、做瑜伽以及冥想等。
16．解析：A 根据空后的“77% of workers surveyed ...impacted their work.”可知，Deloitte调查的工人中，77%的人说他们曾经历过职业倦怠。其中90%的人表示，压力对他们的工作产生了负面影响。由此判断，很多人都遭遇了职业倦怠。故A项承上启下，符合文意。
17．解析：D 空前提到“你想摆脱这样的状况吗？”，空后的段落中提到缓解职业倦怠的一个方法就是练习沟通。后文中还提到了运动、瑜伽、冥想等帮助缓解职业倦怠的方法，由此判断，该空需衔接后文中提到的缓解职业倦怠的方法。D项符合文意。
18．解析：E 根据空前内容可知，E项符合语境，该项中的“in the office”和“them”呼应上文提到的“supervisor”和“co-workers”，该项讲述缓解办公室内产生的职业倦怠的方式。
19．解析：F 空前提到虽然自我护理是当今的趋势，但它并不能治愈倦怠。后文中提到他们的支持和协助会让你感觉更好。由此可知，自我护理并不能治愈职业倦怠，而需要通过其他方面的帮助。F项提到可以通过寻求医生或朋友的帮助来解决职业倦怠的问题，承上启下，符合文意。
20．解析：B 空后提到《纽约时报》引用的一项研究发现，与那些不这样做的人相比，花时间进行娱乐活动的外科医生更不易经历职业倦怠。一些放松活动可以是瑜伽、冥想或正念减压疗法。由此判断，该段讲述了另外一些可以缓解职业倦怠的方法。B项符合语境，说明要抽时间做自己喜欢的缓解压力的活动，引出下文的具体介绍。
