(共38张PPT)
Unit 13
We’re trying to save the earth!
Section A (3a-3b)
读写结合阅读课优质课
人教新目标版 九年级(全册)
Learning Objectives
1.通过观看视频和图片，能够正确地回答问题，能够说出鲨鱼的形态，在生态系统得位置以及数量变少得原因等。
2.通过fast reading阅读策略，能够正确选择文章大意和匹配段落大意，能正确说出段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系，；运用careful reaidng阅读策略，能够正确回答问题，填出“每年被捕捉和贸易的鲨鱼数量”等具体信息,说出鲨鱼濒临灭绝的原因，造成的后果现状以及拯救鲨鱼的措施。
3.通过图片和关键词能够复述课文内容，通过讨论问题，能够说出保护鲨鱼的措施，增强关爱动物，保护动物意识，呼吁人们保护鲨鱼。No trading, No Killing!
01 Lead in
Watch and say
Let’s enjoy a video and answer the questions.
The ocean is beautiful because of the diversity (多样性) of life.
1.What is the king of the ocean
3.Do they have natural enemies
2.What do you think of the it
Sharks.
at the top of the food chain
in the ocean’s ecosystem.
Big\huge\scary\ugly\strong\
dangerous\ ….
No, but human.
Do you want to know more about sharks
02 Pre-reading
Watch and say
Let's enjoy another video and answer the questions.
1. How many sharks are dying
every year
2. Why would people catch
sharks
3. What do people do when
catching them
4. What do you think of this
industry
Around 70 million.
For their fins to make
shark fin soup.
They cut off their fins and throw
the sharks back in to the ocean.
This not only cruel, but also
harmful to the environment.
In fact, now the number of sharks is less and less.
fins
shark fin soup
Watch and say
Let's enjoy another video and answer the questions.
1.Why do you think the number of sharks is less and less
They are caught by
people.
Their fins are cut off.
They are thrown back to
sea.
They can’t swim anymore.
They only have to die.
2.What do you think of finning
It’s cruel.
Watch and say
What if there were no sharks？
Let's enjoy another video and get the answer.
It's impossible
without sharks.
Do you want to help save the sharks Let’s read the passage and
know more about them.
Look and predict
1. Where can you find the article
A. From a novel. B. From a magazine. C. From a diary.
2.What does the passage talk about
3. Do you think sharks are endangered
Why
Reading Tip：The title and the picture can help predict what the passage talks about.
It may talk about the sharks are in
endanger and they need us to save them.
Yes. Because I know people may kill them for their fins and oil. Also, the title tells us to save them.
Let’s look, think and predict.
03 While-reading
Read the passage quickly to match the general idea of each Para.
Para.1：
Para. 2：
Para.3：
Actions to stop killing sharks
Reason for killing sharks
Results of killing sharks
Reading Tip： The first and last sentences of each paragraph may help you.
Problem
Facts
Solution
Read and match
Read the passage again and complete the fact sheet in 3a.
around 70 million
develop the laws
to stop the sale of shark fins
WildAid and the
WWF
Read and complete
Read paragraph 1 carefully and answer the questions.
1.Have you heard of shark fin soup
2.What is the reason for killing sharks
3. What does it mean to enjoy a bowl of shark's fin soup
Yes\No.
Maybe because of the famous and expensive dish----shark fin soup.
They’re killing a whole shark when they enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup.
Read and answer
Read and answer
Read paragraph 2 carefully and answer the questions.
1.How do people get shark fins
When people catch sharks ,they cut off their fins and throw them back into the ocean.
2.What will happen if sharks don't have their fins
It can no longer swim
and slowly dies.
3.Why does it do harm to the environment？
Because sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem.
If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life.
Read and answer
Read paragraph 2 carefully and answer the questions.
4. According to the Para 2, do you think sharks are endangered
Yes.
Around 70 million sharks are caught and traded in this industry every year.
The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.
100%
10%
fall by over 90 percent
the numbers of sharks drop
5.What does “this” refer to
Cutting off sharks’ fins and throwing them into back the ocean.
Read and complete
Read paragraph 2 again and complete the fact sheet.
Results of
killing sharks
For a shark
For shark groups
For ocean ecosystem
生态系统
Without a fin, a shark can __________________________________.
not swim any longer and gradually dies
The numbers of some kinds of sharks _____________in the last 20 to 30 years.
All ocean life will be ___________ if there are not enough sharks.
have dropped
in danger
cruel 残酷的
harmful 有害的
Look and say
Saving sharks means saving ourselves !
How can we help to save them
Read and answer
Read paragraph 3 carefully and answer the questions.
1.What are the names of the
two Environmental protection groups
2. What are they doing & what have
they done
3. Are the shark fins good for health？
The WildAid and the WWF.
美国野生救援会(WildAid)是1999年在美国注册的非盈利机构，总部在美国
旧金山，
它对濒临绝迹的野生动物提供直接的保护，并且发展许多有创意的计划，以教育大众关于野生动物及生态平衡的重要性。
世界自然基金会(WWF)英文全称为World Wide Fund for Nature。是在全球享有盛誉的、最大的独立性非政府环境保护组织之一，自1961年成立以来，WWF一直致力于环保事业，在全世界拥有超过500万支持者和超过100个国家参与的项目网络。
They are teaching the public about
“finning”.They have even asked
governments to develop laws to
stop the sale of shark fins.
No. Because no scientific studies have shown that sharks are good for health.
Further thinking：What can we do to protect sharks besides the ways mentioned in Para. 3
Read and fill
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks with the words in the box.
3b
when
so
but
Although
if
04 Post-reading
Listen and repeat
the number of “...的数量”,当其短语作主语,谓V.用第三人称单数形式, a number of “许多,大量” 当其短语作主语,谓V.用复数形式.
fall by “下降了”,表示变化的幅度,反义短语:increase by “增加了”; fall to “下降到”表示最终的结果,反义短语:increase to”增加到”
in the last/past +一段时间 “在过去的20--30年里”,常与现在完成时连用.
In the last ten years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.
Fill and say
Fill in the blanks according to the passage.
Some people like to eat shark fin soup. But getting the shark's fin is very _____. When people catch sharks, they ________their fins and ______the sharks back______the ocean. The shark ______dies because it can't _____ without the fin. And it is also _________ to the environment. Sharks are at the ____ of the food chain. If ____________sharks drops too____, it will break the balance of nature. Please say no to ______the shark fin soup, and _____________to save the sharks!
cruel
cut off
harmful
throw
slowly
top
the number of
low
eat
take actions
swim
into
Look and retell
Retell the passage according to the pictures and the key words.
Save the sharks!
catch ....cut off...
no longer swim, slowly dies …cruel
enjoy
throw…back into…
`
bring danger to…
…are canght…
`
…have fallen…
Discuss and say
Let’s have a discussion.
What can we do to save the sharks
1.We can stop eating shark fin soup because “ no buying, no killing”.
2.We can make a speech, write an article or make some posters(海报) to appeal(呼吁) to people to save the sharks.
3.We can help create a comfortable environment without pollution for the sharks.
4:Learn as much as you can about sharks.
5:Don't use shark products.
6:Call on(号召) the people around you to protect the sharks.
Look and say
Protecting wild animals is just protecting ourselves.
1
2
Remember
Don't let our children can only see today's animals in the museums.
No trade No murder
没有买卖，就没有杀害
05 Language points
Language points
1.This is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment.
harmful adj. 有害的→ harm n. 伤害; 损害
be harmful to 对……有害=do harm to =be bad for
反义短语为be good for “对……有好处”。
翻译：吸烟对我们的健康有害。
Smoking is harmful to our health.= Smoking does harm to our health.= Smoking is bad for our health.
2.A shark can no longer swim and slowly dies鲨鱼不能再游泳然后慢慢死掉。
no longer意思是“不再” e.g. I’m no longer a student. 我不再是个学生了。
有两个短语和no longer同义，即not…any longer和not…any more，但他们侧重面不同。
Language points
2.A shark can no longer swim and slowly dies.鲨鱼不能再游泳然后慢慢死掉。
no longer和not…any longer侧重时间
e.g. He no longer lives here.= He doesn’t live here any longer.
他不在这儿居住了。(一个时间以前他住在这儿，过了这个时间，他就离开了。)
not…any more侧重侧重程度和数量
e.g. You can drink no more. = You can’t drink any more.
你不能再喝了。(喝酒的量到了一定程度，不能再继续下去了。)
3.Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem.
鲨鱼位于海洋生物系统食物链的顶部。
at the top of 在...最高地位; 用最高[最大]的(速度, 声音等)
e.g. I looked at the top of his head, his hair shiny and parted smoothly.
我看他的头顶, 头发光亮, 分得平滑。
He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard.
他尽力大声叫喊, 以便别人能听见。
Language points
4.If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life.
如果它们的数目降至过低，会给所有海洋生物带来危险。
此句复数形式的number表达全海洋中鲨鱼的总量。当表示数值的高或低时，number要用high或low修饰。
e.g. In that country, the number of children going to school is higher in cities than in towns and village. 在那个国家，城市儿童入学人数比乡镇及农村要高。
常与number搭配的动词有grow, fall等。
e.g. The number of families that own cars has been growing quickly recently.
近来拥有轿车的家庭数量增长很快。
the numbers of... 是“the number of…”的复数形式。
a number of 一些，许多；a large number of 许多的，大量的：后跟可数名词复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。
A number of measures have been taken to protect wild animals because the number of them has become smaller and smaller. 由于野生动物的数量越来越少，已经采取了一些措施来保护野生动物。
Language points
5.This method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment.
这种方法不但残忍而且对环境有害。
not only…but also… 用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不仅……而且……”; 其中的also有时可以省略。
e.g. She not only plays well, but also writes music.她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。
若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。
e.g. Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你，他也得离开。
为了强调，可将not only置于句首，not only放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构。
e.g. Not only had the poor man been fined, but also he had been sent to prison.
这个可怜的人不仅被罚款，而且还被送进了监狱。
06 Exercises
After reading
Language points
5.This method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment.
这种方法不但残忍而且对环境有害。
not only…but also… 用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不仅……而且……”; 其中的also有时可以省略。
e.g. She not only plays well, but also writes music.她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。
若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。
e.g. Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你，他也得离开。
为了强调，可将not only置于句首，not only放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构。
e.g. Not only had the poor man been fined, but also he had been sent to prison.
这个可怜的人不仅被罚款，而且还被送进了监狱。
Not only do they need clothing, but they are also short of water. 他们不但需要衣服，而且还缺水。
Class test
一、根据句意，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Hainan is in the ________ part of China.(south)
2. We all support his __________ research.(science)
3. This is an _____________ animal.We should try to
save it.(danger)
4. Smoking is ________ to your health. You must give
it up.(harm)
5. Tom is _____________ in our school.(strong)
southern
scientific
endangered
harmful
the strongest
Class test
二、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 我们必须采取行动来阻止他们。
We must _____ ______ to stop them.
2. 我从没听说过这个人。
I have never ____ ____ such a man.
3. 我们乐意尽力帮你摆脱困境。
We are glad to do what we can do ___ ___ ___.
4. 到目前为止，我已经交了二十个朋友。
____ ____, I have made twenty friends.
5. 实际上，她从没去过那儿。
____ ____, she has never been there.
In fact
take action
heard of
to help out
So far
Homework
There is a “ help save the sharks” volunteer activity in our school to call on more students to save the sharks.
1. Make a nice poster(海报) to catch the students' eyes.
2. Give a short speech to call on people with your poster.
Homework
There is a “ help save the sharks” volunteer activity in our school to call on more students to save the sharks.
1. Make a nice poster(海报) to catch the students' eyes.
2. Give a short speech to call on people with your poster.
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Unit 13 Section A 3a-3b 学习任务单(含课下任务阅读训练及答案解析)
课程基本信息
学科 英语 年级 九 学期 秋季
课题 Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth! Period 2 Section A 3a-3b
教科书 书 名：义务教育教科书Go for it教材出版社：人民教育出版社
学习目标
1.通过观看视频和图片，能够正确地回答问题，能够说出鲨鱼的形态，在生态系统得位置以及数量变少得原因等。2.通过fast reading阅读策略，能够正确选择文章大意和匹配段落大意，能正确说出段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系，；运用careful reaidng阅读策略，能够正确回答问题，填出“每年被捕捉和贸易的鲨鱼数量”等具体信息,说出鲨鱼濒临灭绝的原因，造成的后果现状以及拯救鲨鱼的措施。3.通过图片和关键词能够复述课文内容，通过讨论问题，能够说出保护鲨鱼的措施，增强关爱动物，保护动物意识，呼吁人们保护鲨鱼。No trading, No Killing!
课前学习任务 学习笔记
【学习任务一】词汇检测:1．n. 鲨鱼________ 2．n. （鱼）鳍________3．adj. 残酷的；残忍的________ 4．adj. 有害的________5．对……有害________________ 6．在……顶部或顶端________________7．n. 链子；链条________ 8．食物链________________9．n. 生态系统________ 10．n. 工业；行业________11．n. 法律；法规________ 12．adj. 科学上的；科学的________【学习任务二】阅读教材第99页，翻译下列句子。1．这不仅残忍，而且对环境也是有害的。______________________________________________________________________2．鲨鱼在海洋生态系统中处于食物链的顶端。______________________________________________________________________3．有些种类的鲨鱼的数量在过去的20到30年里减少了90%多。______________________________________________________________________4．到目前为止，还没有科学研究表明鱼翅是有益健康的，所以为什么还要吃呢？_____________________________________________________________________
课堂学习任务
【学习任务一】 Task 1:Let’s enjoy a video and answer the questions. 1.What is the king of the ocean 2.What do you think of the it 3.Do they have natural enemies Task 2:Let's enjoy another video and answer the questions. 1. How many sharks are dying every year 2. Why would people catch sharks 3. What do people do when catching them 3. What do people do when catching them 【学习任务二】
Task 1: Let's enjoy another video and answer the questions. 1.Why do you think the number of sharks is less and less 2.What do you think of finning Task 2: What if there were no sharks？Let's enjoy another video and get the answer. Task 3:Let’s look, think and predict.1. Where can you find the article A. From a novel. B. From a magazine. C. From a diary.2.What does the passage talk about 3. Do you think sharks are endangered Why 【学习任务三】Fast readingTask 1: Read the passage quickly to match the general idea of each Para.Para.1： Results of killing sharksPara.2： Reason for killing sharksPara.3： Actions to stop killing sharksTask 2:3a. Read the passage again and complete the fact sheet in 3a.【学习任务四】Careful reading Read paragraph 1 carefully and answer the questions. 1.Have you heard of shark fin soup 2.What is the reason for killing sharks 3. What does it mean to enjoy a bowl of shark's fin soup 【学习任务五】Careful readingTask 1: Read paragraph 2 carefully and answer the questions. 1.How do people get shark fins 2.What will happen if sharks don't have their fins 3.Why does it do harm to the environment？4. According to the Para 2, do you think sharks are endangered 5.What does “this” refer to (This is nor only cruel, but also harmful to…)Task 2: Read paragraph 2 again and complete the fact sheet. 【学习任务六】Careful readingTask 1: Read paragraph 3 carefully and answer the questions. 1.What are the names of the two Environmental protection groups 2. What are they doing & what have they done Task 2: 3b. Read the passage again and fill in the blanks with the words in the box.【学习任务七】Post readingTask 1:Fill in the blanks according to the passage.Some people like to eat shark fin soup. But getting the shark's fin is very _____. When people catch sharks, they ________their fins and ______the sharks back______the ocean. The shark ______dies because it can't _____ without the fin. And it is also _________ to the environment. Sharks are at the ____ of the food chain. If ____________sharks drops too____, it will break the balance of nature. Please say no to ______the shark fin soup, and _____________to save the sharks!Task 2:Retell the passage according to the pictures and the key words.Task 3:Let’s have a discussion.What can we do to save the sharks 【学习任务八】Class test一、根据句意，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1. Hainan is in the ________ part of China.(south)2. We all support his __________ research.(science)3. This is an _____________ animal.We should try to save it.(danger)4. Smoking is ________ to your health. You must give it up.(harm)5. Tom is _____________ in our school.(strong)二、根据汉语提示完成句子。1. 我们必须采取行动来阻止他们。 We must _____ ______ to stop them. 2. 我从没听说过这个人。 I have never ____ ____ such a man. 3. 我们乐意尽力帮你摆脱困境。 We are glad to do what we can do ___ ___ ___.4. 到目前为止，我已经交了二十个朋友。 ____ ____, I have made twenty friends. 5. 实际上，她从没去过那儿。 ____ ____, she has never been there.
课下学习任务
一、完形填空People usually check whether their keys, purses and phones are with them before going out, but many people in China now have one more important thing to take—a mask(口罩). They hope it can protect them 1 terrible air.Many cities in China saw a lot of foggy days in April. In Beijing, there were eight days in April full of smog. It is dirty air 2 looks like a mixture of fog and smoke. The smoke is mainly from cars and factories in cities. Poor air is bad for people's health， 3 for children and old people. They fell ill easily and the 4 were full of people. They had problems with their noses and lungs.So it's necessary 5 people from doing so many bad things to the environment. For example, people should use cars less and 6 burn lots of coal and gas. Government needs to take measures to make factories stop pouring 7 waste air into the sky.Three students from No.4 High School in Beijing 8 a report to advise how to protect the environment. They suggested 9 people should plant more trees and set off fewer fireworks for celebration.We hope more people will join us in 10 a difference. In this way, the blue sky will certainly return for good.1．A．in B．from C．for D．at2．A．that B．/ C．who D．whom3．A．lucky B．especial C．especially D．luckily4．A．schools B．gardens C．zoos D．hospitals5．A．stop B．stopping C．to stop D．stopped6．A．needn't B．shouldn't C．should D．can7．A．too many B．many too C．too much D．much too8．A．wrote B．write C．are writing D．will write9．A．which B．where C．that D．who10．A．make B．to make C．made D．making二、阅读理解Once there was a man traveling in a faraway village. As he was passing the elephants, he suddenly stopped. He found that these huge elephants were being held by only a small rope tied to their front leg. No chains, no cages. It was clear that the elephants could, at any time, break away from their ropes but for some reason, they did not.He saw a trainer nearby and asked why these animals just stood there and didn't try to get away. “Well，” the trainer said, “when they are very young and much smaller we use the same size rope to tie them and, at that age, it's enough to hold them. As they grow up, they still believe they cannot break away. They believe the rope can hold them, so they never try to break free.”How could it be These animals could at any time break free from their ropes. But because they always stuck right where they were, they believed they couldn't.Just like the elephants, how many of us go through life believing that we cannot do something, just because we failed at it once before _________We should never give up the struggle(挣扎) in life.1. What did the writer see in the village A. Chains. B. Elephants. C. Cages. D. Farmers.2. Why do the elephants never try to break free from the ropes A. Because they think they can not. B. Because they are too old to do it. C. Because they like their living places. D. Because they get on well with the trainer.3. How did the man feel after he heard what the trainer said A. Moved. B. Surprised. C. Angry. D. Nervous.4. Which of the following is the missing part in the last paragraph A. Failing is part of learning. B. We should be different from others. C. Helping animals is helping ourselves. D. Traveling always makes people relaxed.5. What is the best title for this text A. A Pleasant Trip B. A Cruel Trainer C. Elephant Training D. The Elephant Rope三、六选五 请阅读下面短文,根据短文内容,从方框内所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,使短文意思通顺。选项中有一项为多余项Plants on mountainsMountains are more than 500 meters tall and it’s not easy for plants to live on them. The wind is strong. The soil is thin and rocky. But in that case, there are still some trees growing there. 1. Come and see some of them. FirsFirs are evergreen(常青) trees. They always have green leaves. Their leaves look like needles(针). Firs are large trees. They can be 10 to 80 meters tall. Their trunks(树干) can be 0.5 to 4 meters wide. 2. So you can often see this type of tree in many families. Cushion plantsThey look like a small cushion(垫子). They grow together and they are less than 30cm tall. But they can be 3 meters wide. People also call the plants “ecosystem engineers”. 3. They make the soil inside soft and wet. In this way, cushion plants help other plants survive(生存). Snow lotusesThe snow lotus lives at elevations ranging from 2,400 to 4,000 meters. The climate there is cold. 4. Most plants will die. But the snow lotus grows well. A snow lotus can be 15 to 35cm tall. People use it in medicine. SaxifragesThe evergreen saxifrage has star-shaped flowers. Most saxifrages are very small—less than 12 cm tall. They grow very slowly in cold environments. 5. However, they are not resistant(耐受的) to high temperatures. A. Which plants can live there B. It always snows and the air is thin.C. Why plants can live there D. That’s because many other plants live under them.E. Saxifrages can live both in the mountains and in your garden.F. In many countries in Europe, people use firs as Christmas trees.四、选词填空 请根据语篇内容,用方框中所给词的正确形式填空,使短文通顺、连贯。方框中有两个词为多余项。sudden, become, three, because, other, beautiful,save, they, leave, year, as, patientWhen my daughter was in primary school, one day she brought home four tiny twigs(细枝). The school gave them to the students to plant. None of 1.______ looked very strong, but with a hope for the future. I planted them in our backyard. Over the 2.______, three of them died from an accident and poor soil. Only a single evergreen (常青树) 3.______. It grew very slowly. It never got very tall and bent to one side. Then, I noticed that it was starting to die and the lower branches 4.______ bare (光秃的). Only the top 5.______of the tree was still green. Last summer I did my best 6.______it by feeding it a lot of fertilizer(化肥) but it was still useless. This morning I went out and looked at it again, thinking if it would be better to just cut it down. 7.______ I walked over to take a closer look at it, however, I noticed something moving within the leaves. It was a bird building a nest with 8.______in the top branches, little by little. I 9.______realized that maybe this old tree had some life and usefulness left in it yet. It may not be healthy or pretty, but it was still giving a bird a home and oxygen (氧气) to this world. This tree reminded me of something too. All of our lives have a purpose. All of our lives have meaning. It doesn’t matter if we are young and strong or old and sick. Until our last moment, here we can help to make this world a better and 10.______place. Until our last breath, we have things to do, love for us to give, and joy for us to share. 五、短文填空阅读下面短文，根据语境和所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词。Have you ever heard of the term “white pollution” It 1 (be) a kind of serious environmental problem. The white color usually 2 (refer) to something clear and clean. However, white pollution is very 3 (harm). Because of single-use plastic tableware (餐具) and thin plastic bags, white pollution is becoming more and more serious. They’re easy to use and have already become a part of 4 (we) daily life. When people ask for take-out food, it usually comes with single-use plastic boxes. When people go shopping, they can often get plastic bags. People use too many plastic products because 5 their convenience. Now, white pollution has become 6 big problem. White pollution affects the environment 7 (main) in two ways. On the one hand, plastic waste can be seen everywhere in the natural environment. It makes cities, towns, hills, lakes… dirty. On the other hand, plastic waste can stay for 8 (century), resulting in soil pollution and water pollution. It can even cause many illnesses. What’s worse, animals might die after 9 (eat) plastic rubbish by mistake on the land or in the water. And it’s hard to solve the problem. Now everyone should help reduce white pollution 10 recycle plastic waste.答案及解析一、完形填空【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．D【解析】本文介绍了中国的许多城市的空气都被污染了，造成空气污染的主要因素有两个，开车和煤炭燃烧。很差的空气对身体健康危害很大，特别是对孩子和老人。我们政府正在采取措施防止污染，给人们一个健康的生活环境。1．句意：他们希望它能保护他们免受可怕的空气污染。A. in在…之中；B. from（表示分离）与…分离；C. for为了；D. at（表示位置）在；结合语境可知，用介词from，protect …from 保护，免于。故选B。2．句意：脏空气看起来像雾和烟的混合物。本题考查定语从句。先行词air是物，因此用that引导。故选A。3．句意：很差的空气对人们的健康有害，尤其是对儿童和老人。A. lucky幸运的；B. especial特别的，突出的；C. especially尤其地；D. luckily幸运地。A/B两项是形容词，后面直接修饰名词，排除A/B；结合语境“很差的空气对人们的健康有害，______ 是对儿童和老人。” 可知，应该是尤其。故选C。4．句意：他们很容易生病，医院里挤满了人。A. schools学校；B. gardens 花园；C. zoos动物园；D. hospitals医院。由句子They fell ill easily他们很容易生病。可知，生病以后得去医院看病，所以是医院里挤满了人。故选D。5．句意：所以有必要阻止人们做许多坏事来破坏环境。It's necessary to do sth. 固定句型。做某事是必要的。故选C。6．句意：例如，人们应该少用汽车，不应该燃烧大量的煤和煤气。A. needn't不需要；B. shouldn't不应该；C. should应该；D. can能。结合语境“人们应该少用汽车，_______ 燃烧大量的煤和煤气。”可知，应该是不应该，我们知道燃烧大量的煤和煤气会造成环境污染。故选B。7．句意：政府需要采取措施使工厂停止向天空排放过多的废气。A. too many修饰可数名词复数；B. many too没有这种用法；C. too much修饰不可数名词；D. much too修饰副词或形容词。air是不可数名词，因此用too much。故选C。8．句意：来自于北京第4中学的三名学生写了一篇报告建议人们如何去保护环境。由下文的句子They suggested ___9___ people should plant more trees and set off fewer fireworks for celebration.可知，时态为一般过去时，因此本题的时态也为一般过去时，说明报告是过去写的，因此用过去时。故选A。9．句意：他们建议人们应当多种树，在庆祝的时候尽量的少放烟花。A. which哪一个；B. where哪里；C. that用于某些动词、形容词和名词后，引出各种从句；D. who谁；结合语境可知，本题是由that引导的宾语从句。故选C。10．句意：我们希望更多的人加入我们的行列。in为介词，因此后面用动词的-ing形式。故选D。二、阅读理解【答案】1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.D【解析】1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的As he was passing the elephants, he suddenly stopped.可知作者在村子里看到了大象，故选B。2. A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的As they grow up, they still believe they cannot break away.可知当大象长大了，他们仍然认为他们不能挣脱绳子，所以没有想办法摆脱绳子的束缚。故选A。3. B 根据第三段How could it be？...from their ropes.可知大象长大了，能在任何时候摆脱绳子，怎么能不挣断绳子呢？故推断此处他感到惊讶。故选B。4. A 推理判断题。根据上文Just like the elephants... we failed at it once before？和下文We...in life.可知在生活中失败是常有的事，我们不应放弃挣扎。可知选A。5. D 标题归纳题。本文通过大象鼻子上的绳子，告诉我们面对挫折和失败，如果我们坚持斗争，就能成功，但是放弃挣扎，就只能是失败。故选D。三、六选五答案 1-5AFDBE逐题解析1. 选 A. Which plants can live there 前一句：山上环境恶劣，但依然有树生长。后一句：Come and see some of them.（来看看其中一些）。逻辑：先问 “哪些植物能在那儿生存？”，再引出下文介绍具体植物。C 选项 Why… 是问原因，后文没讲原因，只讲植物，所以排除。2. 选 F. In many countries in Europe, people use firs as Christmas trees.本段讲 Firs（冷杉）。后一句：So you can often see this type of tree in many families.（所以你能在很多家庭看到这种树）。逻辑：因为被当作圣诞树，所以家庭里常见，前后因果通顺。3. 选 D. That’s because many other plants live under them.前一句：人们称这类植物为 “生态系统工程师”。后一句：它们让土壤松软湿润，帮助其他植物生存。逻辑：解释为什么叫工程师 —— 因为其他植物靠它们生存。4. 选 B. It always snows and the air is thin.前一句：雪莲生长在海拔高、气候寒冷的地方。后一句：Most plants will die.（大多数植物会死）。逻辑：环境恶劣：常下雪、空气稀薄 → 所以多数植物无法存活。5. 选 E. Saxifrages can live both in the mountains and in your garden.本段讲 Saxifrages（虎耳草）。后一句：However, they are not resistant to high temperatures.（然而它们不耐高温）。逻辑：先讲优点：能长在山上也能长在花园，再用 However 转折讲缺点。四、选词填空【参考答案】1.them 2.years 3.was left 4.were becoming 5.third 6.to save 7.As 8.patience 9.suddenly 10.more beautiful逐空详细解析1. them句意：它们中没有一个看起来很强壮。语法：of 是介词，后面用宾格；指代前面的 four tiny twigs，用 they 的宾格 them。2. years句意：多年过去，其中三棵因为意外和贫瘠的土壤死了。语法：over the years 固定搭配：多年以来。3. remained句意：只有一棵常青树留了下来。语法：leave 表示 “留下” 时，主语是物，用 remain（保持、留下）；全文一般过去时，故用 remained。4. became句意：下部的树枝变得光秃秃。语法：become bare 变得光秃；过去式 became。5. third句意：只有树的顶部三分之一还是绿的。语法：the + 序数词 + of… 表示 “…… 的几分之几”；three → 序数词 third。6. to save句意：去年夏天我尽最大努力去拯救它。语法：do one’s best to do sth. 尽最大努力做某事；故用 to save。7. As句意：当我走近仔细看时……语法：as 引导时间状语从句：当…… 时候。8. patience句意：一只鸟正耐心地用树枝一点点筑巢。语法：with patience = patiently 耐心地；形容词 patient → 名词 patience。9. suddenly句意：我突然意识到……语法：修饰动词 realized，用副词；sudden → suddenly。10. more beautiful句意：让这个世界变成一个更好、更美丽的地方。语法：and 连接并列比较级；beautiful → 比较级 more beautiful。短文填空【答案】1．is 2．refers 3．harmful 4．our 5．of 6．a 7．mainly 8．centuries 9．eating 103．and【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“白色污染”及其危害。1．句意：这是一种严重的环境问题。根据句意及语境可知，句子是陈述现在的一个事实，所以时态为一般现在时；主语It是第三人称单数，所以be动词应用单数形式is，故填is。2．句意：白色通常指的是清晰干净的东西。根据“usually”及语境可知，句子陈述的是一个事实，所以时态为一般现在时；主语The white color是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词应用三单形式refers，故填refers。3．句意：然而，白色污染是非常有害的。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作表语；所以应用形容词，harm的形容词是harmful，故填harmful。4．句意：它们很容易使用，已经成为我们日常生活的一部分。根据空后的名词“life”可知，空处应用we的形容词性物主代词our，来修饰名词，故填our。5．句意：人们使用太多的塑料制品是因为它们的方便。根据“because”及句意可知，表示“因为，由于”，因为已有“because”，所以空处应填of，构成短语“because of因为，由于”，故填of。6．句意：现在，白色污染已经成为一个大问题。根据空后的名词“problem”可知，其为可数名词单数形式，所以前面应用冠词来修饰；根据句意及语境可知，无特指，且空后的big是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以应用不定冠词a，故填a。7．句意：白色污染对环境的影响主要有两个方面。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词作状语，main的副词形式是mainly，故填mainly。8．句意：另一方面，塑料垃圾可能会持续几个世纪，导致土壤污染和水污染。根据提示词“century”可知，其为可数名词，且空前没有表示单数的冠词，所以应用复数形式centuries，故填centuries。9．句意：更糟糕的是，动物可能会在陆地或水中误食塑料垃圾后死亡。根据空前的介词“after”可知，空处应用动词的-ing形式，eat的-ing形式是eating，故填eating。10．句意：现在每个人都应该帮助减少白色污染和回收塑料垃圾。分析句子结构可知，“reduce white pollution”和“recycle plastic waste”为并列关系，均作动词“help”的宾语，所以应用and连接，故填and。
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