外研版高中英语必修第三册Unit 1 Knowing me,knowing you Section Ⅱ Using language课件

(共58张PPT)
主题语境：人际关系
过去分词(短语)作状语
[教材原句]
①Disappointed by his behaviour，I said all this to my best friend.
②Embarrassed and ashamed，I can't concentrate on anything.
③Treated this way，you're sure to feel hurt—we should always be able to trust those closest to us，and it hurts even more when we find we can't.
④Approached in this way，your friendship will soon be repaired.
⑤Filled with anger，you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.
[我的发现]
上述各句中的黑体部分都是过去分词，它们在句中作___语，过去分词短语在句①②中表示____，在句③⑤中表示____，在句④中表示____。
状
原因
时间
条件
动词的过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，它具有动词的一些特点，同时，也具有形容词、副词的句法功能，在句中可以用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等，一般表示动作的完成或被动的意义。
一、过去分词(短语)作状语的基本用法
1.过去分词(短语)作状语的功能
过去分词(短语)作状语时，主语与过去分词(短语)表示的动作之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。
*Given another chance, I will do it much better.
如果再给我一次机会，我会做得更好。
*The guest walked into the room，greeted by his owner.
客人一边和主人打招呼，一边走进了房间。
2.过去分词(短语)作状语的类型
过去分词(短语)作状语时，可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式和伴随状况等。过去分词(短语)作方式状语和伴随状语时可以变成并列分句；作其他状语时可以变为相应的状语从句。
状语类型 例句
原因 Encouraged by his teacher，the naughty boy began to concentrate on class.
→As the naughty boy was encouraged by his teacher，he began to concentrate on class.
由于受到老师的鼓舞，这个淘气的男孩开始集中精力听课了。
条件 Given more time，we could help the injured man out.
→If we were given more time，we could help the injured man out.
如果多给我们点时间，我们能帮这位伤员摆脱困境。
让步 Wounded seriously，the brave soldier didn't let out screams of pain.
→Although the brave soldier was wounded seriously，he didn't let out screams of pain.
尽管受伤严重，这位勇敢的战士也没有发出痛苦的叫声。
状语类型 例句
时间 Discussed many times，the problems were settled at last.
→After the problems were discussed many times，they were settled at last.
多次讨论之后，这些问题终于被解决了。
方式 The old man walked into the room，supported by his son.
→The old man walked into the room and he was supported by his son.
这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。
伴随 The teacher came into the room，followed by two students.
→The teacher came into the room，and he/she was followed by two students.
老师走进了房间，后面跟着两个学生。
3.过去分词(短语)作状语的位置
过去分词(短语)作条件、原因、让步及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果和方式状语时，通常放在句末。
[即时演练1]　单句语法填空
(1)________ (publish) in 1884，The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain was one of the first novels in the USA written in common，everyday language.
(2)_________ (complete) in 1931，the Empire State Building，the highest skyscraper until 1954，inspired the imagination of the world.
(3)Time，____ (use) correctly，is the money in the bank，so we should cherish every second.
(4)________ (found) in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art by providing a rich and creative learning environment.
Published
Completed
used
Founded
二、过去分词(短语)作状语的注意事项
1.过去分词(短语)作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带有连词(如when、while、if、though、as if、unless等)，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构，使句意表达得更清楚。
*Unless constantly repeated, the English words are easily forgotten.
除非不断重复(记忆)，否则这些英语单词很容易被忘记。
*When offered help, one often says “Thank you” or “It's very kind of you”.
当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“谢谢”或“你真是太好了”。
2.过去分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，否则需加上自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。
*He was lying on the grass，his eyes fixed on the sky thick with stars.
他正躺在草地上，眼睛注视着星星密布的天空。(fixed的逻辑主语是his eyes)
3.有些形容词化的过去分词(短语)，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有lost(迷失的)、 seated(就座的)、hidden(隐藏的)、 absorbed/lost in (沉浸于)、 buried in (埋头于)、 dressed in(穿着)、 tired of(厌烦)等。
*Absorbed/Lost in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.
由于陷入沉思，他没听到那个声音。
[即时演练2]　单句语法填空
(1)(2024·北京卷)On April 5，2024，John Tinniswood was named the world's oldest living man.And when _____ (ask) about his new title，he shared the secret：moderation (适度).
(2)Every evening after dinner，if not ____ (tire) from work，I will spend some time walking my dog.
(3)_______ (locate) on the third floor beside the online reading rooms，the newly-furnished section can be accessible from 8 am till 9 pm throughout the weekdays.
asked
tired
Located
(4)_______ (satisfy) with the service that the businessman provided，the manager decided to cooperate with him.
(5)___________ (disappoint) at the exam result，the girl stood there without saying a word，her eyes ____ (fill) with tears that she struggled to hold back.
Satisfied
Disappointed
filled
三、过去分词(短语)作状语与动词-ing形式(短语)作状语的区别
过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；动词-ing形式与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。比较以下两个例句：
*Seen from the hill, the city looks like a big garden.(see与句子的主语the city之间是逻辑上的动宾关系)
从山上看，这座城市看起来像一个大花园。
*Seeing from the hill, you will find the city looks like a big garden.(see与句子的主语you之间是逻辑上的主谓关系)
从山上看，你会发现这座城市看起来像一个大花园。
|温馨提示|
过去分词(短语)与动词-ing形式(短语)的完成被动式(having been done)作状语时，都具有被动意义，但是“having been done”表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
Having been shown around the lab, we were taken to see the library.
参观了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观图书馆。
[即时演练3]　单句语法填空
(1)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai，Edmondson said，“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.”
(2)_________ (surround) by many strangers，the composer felt a little embarrassed.
(3)We can face the difficulties in our life bravely，__________ (accompany) by our families，friends and those who care about us.
(4)________ (look) back on the time when I studied in England，I felt very lucky and satisfied.
Recalling
Surrounded
accompanied
Looking
1.annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的(→annoy v.使恼怒；骚扰，打扰→annoying adj.讨厌的；恼人的→annoyance n.[U]恼怒，烦恼；[C]使人烦恼的事)
[教材原句]　Prevented from playing her role in Riley's emotional development，Sadness feels annoyed.由于被阻止在Riley的情感发展中发挥作用，“悲伤”感到恼火。
be annoyed with sb　　　 生某人的气
be annoyed about/at sth 因为某事而生气
be annoyed to do sth 因做某事而生气
be annoyed that... 因为……而生气
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/补全句子/句式升级
①To my _________，nobody informed me that the meeting was put off until afternoon.Ryan's frequent interruption during the meeting made me even more________.It seemed that he didn't realise his ________habit ever.(annoy)
②The teacher __________________(因……而生气) his students' attitude to study，so he criticised them severely.(读后续写之情绪描写)
③→_______________________________________，the teacher criticised them severely.(用分词短语作状语改写句②)
annoyance
annoyed
annoying
was annoyed at/about
Annoyed at/about his students' attitude to study
2.adjust v.适应，(使)习惯(→adjustment n.调整，调节)
[教材原句]　When Riley moves to a new city，she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings.当Riley搬到一个新城市时，她很难适应新的环境。
(1)adjust to (doing) sth　　 适应于(做)某事
adjust oneself to... 使自己适应于……
(2)make an adjustment to... 对……作出调整
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Mother was worried about whether she could adjust to _____(live) in the mountainous village alone.
②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse，Nappy，“moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic (按摩疗法) _________(adjust).
③你最好提前掌握一些基础的中文，这会让你更容易适应北京的新生活。
You'd better master some basic Chinese in advance，_______________________________
____________________________in Beijing.(应用文写作之建议信)
living
adjustment
which makes it easy for you to adjust to/adjust yourself to the new life
3.by accident 偶然，意外地
[教材原句]　Sadness wants to do her duty but by accident causes the loss of Riley's happy core memories with Joy.“悲伤”想履行自己的职责，却意外地导致Riley的“快乐”核心记忆丧失。
by accident(＝by chance＝accidentally) 偶然地，意外地
by design(＝on purpose) 有意地，故意地
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①—Why do you walk so strangely
—That's because I fell over __________ (accident) yesterday and my leg got hurt.
②他的成功似乎是偶然的，但实际上是他多年努力的结果。
It seemed that ____________________________________，but actually it was the result of his years of efforts.(读后续写之主旨升华)
accidentally
his success happened by accident/by chance
4.forgive v.原谅，宽恕(→forgiveness n.原谅)
[教材原句]　Try to forgive someone when they apologise.当某人道歉时，试着去原谅他们。
forgive sb sth　　　　　　 原谅某人某事
forgive sb for (doing) sth 原谅某人(做了)某事
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Please forgive me ___my being unable to keep you company to the bookstore this afternoon.(应用文写作之道歉信)
②他既内疚又羞愧，来到老师的办公室，当面恳求老师的原谅。
Guilty and ashamed，he came into his teacher's office to____________________________. (读后续写之动作＋情绪描写)
for
beg for his forgiveness face to face
5.embarrassment n.尴尬，难为情(→embarrass vt.使难堪，使尴尬→ embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的→embarrassed adj.尴尬的，难堪的，困窘的)
[教材原句]　This can cause embarrassment.这会导致尴尬。
(1)to one's embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是
(2)be embarrassed to do sth 尴尬地做某事
be embarrassed about/at... 因……而尴尬
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句式升级
①Much to my ____________，he asked me an ___________question.I felt so __________that my face was red.(embarrass)
②She let off steam in the presence of the guests and this made her embarrassed.
→__________________________ she let off steam in the presence of the guests.(what引导主语从句)
→She let off steam in the presence of the guests，________________________.(非限制性定语从句)
embarrassment
embarrassing
embarrassed
What embarrassed her was that
which made her embarrassed
(满分：77.5分)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1._____ (face) with a choice between arts and science，the girl didn't know which to choose because she had a deep interest and talent in both areas.
2.When _____ (ask) for his views about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
3.__________ (surround) by the sea on three sides，Qingdao is considered one of the most livable cities in China.
4.______ (drive) by a greater demand for electricity，the government has built more power stations using wind energy.
Faced
asked
Surrounded
Driven
5.Not ________(know) how to operate the machine，they spent hours trying to figure it out by themselves.
6.All things _________ (consider)，not only does exercise benefit our health but it can also improve our learning efficiency.
7.Culture shock is the difficulty people may experience when ________ (adjust) to a remarkably different new culture.
8.Tomorrow's world will be even more complex than today's world，and to manage with this _________(complex)，more professional education will be needed.
9.(2023·全国甲卷)You'll soon find that the more patience you practice，the more you start to apply it to other，more _________(annoy) situations.
10.She felt a deep sense of _____________(embarrass) when she realised she had made a mistake in front of everyone.
knowing
considered
adjusting
complexity
annoying
embarrassment
Ⅱ.完成句子(每小题3分，共15分)
1.坐落于小山上，这座美丽的古镇现在已经成了一个受欢迎的旅游胜地。
_______________，the beautiful old town has become a popular tourist attraction now.
2.对结果感到满意，她向后靠在椅子上，脸上渐渐露出满足的微笑。
___________________，she leaned back in her chair，a contented smile spreading across her face.
Located in the hill
Satisfied with the result
3.如果中国朋友邀请你在家吃饭，你应该准时或提前到达。
____________________________________________，you should arrive on time or ahead of time.
4.当被问到她为何来这里时，这个女孩屏住呼吸，沉默不语。
___________________________，the girl held her breath and kept silent.
5.打开窗户，我让鸟儿飞了进来。
__________________，I let the birds fly in.
(If) Invited to have dinner at home by a Chinese friend
When asked why she came here
Opening the window
Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Last weekend，my daughter Julie asked me to take pictures for her at her school's homecoming (返校节).As we were waiting in line，Noah stepped into the line behind us.He was quiet and was by himself.He looked fashionable with shiny suit and an incredible top hat.When we were taking photos on the dance floor，my daughter and her friends realised that Noah was alone and asked him to join them，and he did.Afterwards，my daughter asked him to take pictures with some of their group，and he joined right in，striking a great pose.The moment was brief and straightforward，but also meaningful.
Then I was just drinking at the table when Noah approached me.“I have autism (孤独症).I used to stay alone.But I want to tell you something.Your daughter and her friend group included me tonight and I was so grateful for it.They took a picture with me tonight，and it was the only picture I took with a group of people.It meant a lot to me.”
Listening to Noah，I realised how hard it was for him to not only come to the dance by himself，but also put himself out there and join this special night.He had a lion's heart of courage.
I share the story not because I want to praise what my daughter and her friends did.I think my daughter and her friends simply did what we all should do：They included somebody who was alone.They were concerned about the people around them.They reached out to and thought of someone besides themselves.
We say the word “inclusivity (包容性)” all the time.But we often forget the value of it.It's a universal feeling，and all of us deserve to feel wanted and included.Everyone deserves to feel seen and to have our presence acknowledged.
[解题导语]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的女儿Julie在返校节中结识了孤独症少年Noah，并积极帮助Noah融入集体的故事。
1.Why did Noah talk to the author
A.To express his thanks to Julie.
B.To invite her to dance.
C.To make a self-introduction.
D.To ask her to take photos together.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Your daughter and her friend group included me tonight and I was so grateful for it.”可知，诺亚找到作者来表达他对作者女儿善举的感谢。
2.What did the author think of Noah's performance at the homecoming
A.Embarrassing. B.Admirable.
C.Surprising. D.Shameful.
解析　B　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推知，作者觉得诺亚在返校节上的表现令人钦佩。
3.What can be used to describe the author's daughter
A.Brave and generous.
B.Honest and humorous.
C.Kind and considerate.
D.Energetic and fashionable.
解析　C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When we were taking photos on the dance floor，my daughter and her friends realised that Noah was alone and asked him to join them...”及第四段中的“I think my daughter and her friends...reached out to and thought of someone besides themselves.”可推知，作者的女儿是善良且体贴的。
4.Why does the author share her experience at the homecoming
A.To show the power of inclusivity.
B.To show off her colourful life.
C.To let us know about autism.
D.To praise her daughter and her friends.
解析　A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We say the word ‘inclusivity’...us deserve to feel wanted and included.”可推知，作者提到这段经历是为了说明包容性的影响力。
B
Hundreds of friends on social media can't replace a handful of close friends in real life，a study has found.In a recent study，researchers discovered that people with only a few friends were at least as happy as those with far more if many of theirs were online.
Social media，the researchers said，has encouraged younger people to have larger but more impersonal networks of “friends”.But instead of trying to amass friends，they added，a better cure for loneliness might be spending time with those you're closest to.
Scientists from the University of Leeds did their study using data from two online surveys on 1，496 people by a non-profit research organisation.People taking part in the study showed their ages，the make-up of their social networks，how often they had different types of social interactions，and their own feelings of well-being.They included details of how often and how they interacted (交流) with families or neighbours，and whether they included people who provided services to them in their networks.
The number of close friends someone had appeared to be the only thing which influenced how satisfied they were with their social life.
“Loneliness has less to do with the number of friends you have，and more to do with how you feel about your friends，” said Dr.Wandi Bruine de Bruin.Actually，it's often the younger adults who admit to having a bad opinion of their friends.
If you feel lonely，it may be more helpful to make a positive connection with a friend than to try and seek out new people to meet.
[解题导语]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于亲密朋友数量方面的研究以及这项研究的开展过程及结果。
5.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “amass” in paragraph 2
A.Play the role of.
B.Think highly of.
C.Take advantage of.
D.Increase the number of.
解析　D　词义猜测题。根据本段画线词上文可知，研究人员表示，社交媒体鼓励年轻人拥有更多而不是更个人的“朋友”网络，But 表示转折，下文“they added，a better cure for loneliness might be spending time with those you're closest to”讲到治疗孤独的更好方法可能是花时间和你最亲近的人在一起。由此可推知，画线词意为“增加数量”。
6.What can be learned from the scientists' study
A.Scientists did one online survey on 1，496 people.
B.People surveyed mentioned new forms of social networks.
C.People surveyed showed their ways to interact with families.
D.The number of friends was the only cause of people's happiness.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They included details of how often and how they interacted with families...provided services to them in their networks.”可知，从研究中可以看出，被调查的人和家人之间的互动的方式。
7.What makes people happy in social life
A.Living alone.
B.Having close friends.
C.Having good appearance.
D.Making as many friends as possible.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段内容可知，拥有亲密的朋友让人们在社交生活中感到快乐。
8.What's the author's purpose in writing the passage
A.To advise us to make friends online.
B.To show us the importance of friends.
C.To present us with the findings of a study.
D.To tell us the problems caused by loneliness.
解析　C　写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于亲密朋友数量方面的研究以及这项研究的开展过程及结果，由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是向我们展示一项研究的结果。
Ⅳ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health.Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact and share with one another.With busy schedules，squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 1 .
·More isn't always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 2 .There are alternatives to constant written communication，such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
3 .The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved.The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
· 4
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible，extra effort goes a long way on special days.Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don't rely on technology alone
5 ，but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain.Try to seek out chances to renew friendships.How to do it？Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A.Remember important dates
B.Compensate by writing letters
C.It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D.Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G.You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
[解题导语]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。
1.D　上文讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合语境。
2.E　上文提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通的频率以及沟通的方式，E项承接上文，进一步提出对交流方法的沟通，且下文对E项中的“methods of communication”进行了举例说明，上下文语意连贯。
3.G　下文“The friend who is remaining”和“The one in the new environment”提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，与下文一致。
4.A　空处为本段小标题。本段讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的。A项总领全段，符合语境。
5.F　空后讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明空后与空处形成转折，而F项讲的是通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与空后形成转折，符合语境。
Ⅴ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
Friendship is one of the most important things in everyone's life.1. is very difficult to find a better definition (定义) of friendship.A true friend is the person 2. can share all our sadness and all our happiness.In time of trial (磨难)，he or she is always at our side to give us his or her help and comfort.
Knowing how valuable friendship is，we should be very 3. (care) with our choice of a friend.We should 4. (choice) those people with a good character as our friends，but we must try to avoid 5. (make) friends with a bad man.Besides，we should forgive their mistakes and try to help them as much 6. possible.
A true friend can always 7. (trust)，loved and respected.If you tell a friend your secrets，he or she will not tell others.Friends share their joys 8. unhappiness.They help each other when they are 9. trouble，and cheer each other up when they are sad.10. most important thing is that a friend always understands you.In conclusion，when you have made a good friend，don't forget him or her.
[解题导语]　本文是一篇说明文。友谊是每个人生活中最重要的事情之一，文章介绍了什么样的朋友是真正的朋友。
1.It　考查代词。“It is＋adj.＋(for sb) to do sth”为固定句型。it作形式主语，动词不定式为真正的主语。句首单词首字母应大写，故填It。
2.who/that　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，person为先行词，指人，在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以关系代词为who/that。故填 who/that。
3.careful　考查形容词。be careful with “小心”。be 后接形容词作表语。故填 careful。
4.choose　考查动词。分析句意可知，此处应该填choice的动词形式。should为情态动词，后接动词原形，故填choose。
5.making　考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth“避免做某事”，本句中avoid后接making。故填making。
6.as　考查固定搭配。as...as possible“尽可能……”，为固定搭配。故填as。
7.be trusted　考查动词语态。由句意可知，主语A true friend和trust之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，且can后跟动词原形。故填be trusted。
8.and　考查连词。由句意可知，joys和unhappiness为并列关系，所以用and连接。故填and。
9.in　考查介词。be in trouble “处于麻烦之中”。故填in。
10.The　考查冠词。important的最高级前需用定冠词the，又因单词位于句首，故填The。