外研版高中英语必修第三册Unit 1 Knowing me,knowing you Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas课件

(共88张PPT)
主题语境：人际关系
【原文呈现】
Little White Lies
1 Written more than two hundred years ago[1]，these lines① by Walter Scott remain one of the most well-known excerpts of Scottish poetry：
Oh，what a tangled web② we weave③，
When first we practise to deceive④！
[1]过去分词短语作时间状语。
【词汇积累】
①line n.[熟词生义]诗行，歌词
②tangled web 错综复杂的网
tangled/'t ɡ( )ld/adj.复杂的；纠结的
web/web/n.错综复杂的事物，网状物，网络；蜘蛛网
③weave/wi v/v.编，织
④deceive/d 'si v/v.欺骗；误导
2 We all know that honesty is an important value⑤ and that lying is wrong，but who can honestly say that they've never told a lie？[2]Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge⑥ that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”：little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth.[3]
[2]本句为but连接的并列句，在but前面的句子中，know后面是两个that引导的宾语从句，其中第二个that不能省略；在but后面的句子中，say后面是that引导的宾语从句。
[3]本句是复合句，knowledge后面是that引导的同位语从句；we tell 是省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词most of the lies；to protect...the truth为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
⑤value n.生活准则，价值观
a set of values 一套价值观
⑥knowledge n.[熟词生义]知晓，知悉，了解
3 We've all surely had the experience of someone cooking a meal for us that we don't like[4].The majority of us of course don't[5] tell the truth—we lie and say that the food is “delicious”.
[4]“代词＋动名词”形式的动名词复合结构，作介词of的宾语。其中that引导的定语从句修饰a meal。
[5]“a/the majority of＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
4 Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut，we say “It's great！”，even if we think it's awful.[6]But to what extent⑦ can we justify⑧ telling white lies like these
[6]本句为复合句，asks us后面是what引导的宾语从句；even if引导让步状语从句。
⑦to...extent 到……程度，在……程度上
⑧justify/'d st fa /v.证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护
5 One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better[7].However，when we lie and say that someone's haircut looks good，or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate，are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else？Perhaps we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the disappointment and anger of others.
[7]动词不定式短语作表语，make others feel better为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
6 Another reason for telling a white lie is to give encouragement.Say⑨ for example that your friend asks you what you think of his singing.You of course say that it's wonderful，despite secretly thinking that your cat can sing better.[8]Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank⑩ comments from you so that they can improve[9].Or perhaps，they need to know that they should look for a different hobby.
[8]despite在此处为介词，意为“即使，尽管”，其后接表示让步意义的短语结构。
[语句赏析]your cat can sing better是一种带有幽默讽刺意味的表达，暗示“his singing is terrible”。
[9]so that引导目的状语从句。
⑨say 比方说，假设
⑩frank/fr k/adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
to be frank 说实话，老实说，坦率地说
frankly speaking 坦白地说
7 Finally，we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others from bad news.If you've had a bad day，do you tell your parents about it，or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？If the latter ，don't you think your parents would want to listen to you and understand your feelings？Wouldn't it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice ？
latter/'l t /n.后者
ask for sb's advice 征求某人的建议
8 Going back to Walter Scott's lines[10]，we may find even white lies have results we cannot know in advance .Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit[11].Would your friend trust your opinion again if he found out you had lied about his “wonderful” singing？How would you expect others to truly understand your emotions if you only shared good news instead of bad？Moreover ，how would you feel if you discovered that the people closest to you had been hiding the truth from you？[12]
[10]动词-ing形式短语作时间状语。
[11]名词短语every time引导时间状语从句。
[12][语句赏析]画线部分运用了排比修辞手法，呼应了本段段首得出的结论——even white lies have results we cannot know in advance，达到了强调论点的效果。本段话看似是问句，但无需回答，因为每个问题的答案都是不言而喻的。
go back to 回到(原来的话题)
in advance 预先，事先
serve v.(给某人)提供，端上；为(……)工作
moreover/m r' v /adv.此外，而且
[诗句赏析]“Oh，what a tangled web we weave，When first we practise to deceive！”refers to how complicated life becomes when people start lying.We can learn from the lines that lying often snowballs into a bigger problem.If a person starts out by telling one lie，then they have to follow it up with another and another.
【参考译文】
小小的善意谎言
1 沃尔特·司各特在两百多年前写下的这些诗句(至今)仍是苏格兰诗歌中广为传诵的诗句之一：
啊，谎言一旦开始，
我们须得织就一张错综复杂的网！
2 我们都知道诚实是一种重要的价值观，也知道说谎是不对的，但谁能坦然地说自己从未说过谎呢？或许我们会这样安慰自己，我们说的大部分谎是“善意的谎言”：即为了保护他人不被真相伤害而说的小谎。
3 我们肯定都有过这样的经历：有人为我们做了一顿我们不喜欢的饭菜。大部分人当然不会讲实话——而是谎称食物很“美味”。
4 或者，要是朋友问我们觉得他们的新发型怎么样，即使我们觉得糟糕，我们也会说“真好看！”但是，我们能在多大程度上为这样的善意谎言辩解呢？
5 (人们)说善意谎言的主要原因之一就是尽量让他人感觉好点。可是，当我们撒谎说某人的发型好看，或对心底讨厌的饭菜表示喜欢时，我们真的是想改善他人的处境吗？或许实际上我们撒谎是为了不让别人失望和生气，以免殃及自身。
6 (人们)说善意谎言的另一原因是给予鼓励。比如，你的朋友问你他的(歌)唱得如何。你当然会说很棒，尽管你私下认为你的猫都比他唱得好。停下来思考一下，或许你的朋友想要从你这里听到一些坦诚的评价，这样他们才能改进。又或者，他们需要知道应该寻找其他爱好了。
7 最后，我们不想让别人听到坏消息的时候也会说善意的谎言。如果你今天过得很糟糕，你会告诉你的父母，还是掩饰你的眼泪，撒谎说你今天过得“很好”？如果是后者，难道你不认为你的父母想要听你倾诉，从而理解你的感受吗？尊重他们对你的关心，向他们寻求建议不是更好吗？
8 回到沃尔特·司各特的诗句，我们或许会发现哪怕是善意的谎言也会带来无法预知的结果。可能你称之为“美味”的那顿饭会在你每次到访的时候都被端上来。朋友若知晓你说他歌唱得“不错”是撒谎之后，还会再相信你的意见吗？如果你只分享好消息，对坏消息闭口不提，你还如何能期待他人能够真正理解你的情绪呢？而且，你若发现最亲近的人一直都在向你隐瞒真相，又会作何感想？
What's the main idea of the passage
A.What white lies are about.
B.The functions of white lies.
C.What white lies may bring us.
D.The reasons and results of white lies.
答案　D
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What is the function of the first paragraph
A.To introduce the topic of the whole passage.
B.To deepen the understanding of white lies.
C.To remind the readers of the damage of white lies.
D.To analyze why people like telling white lies.
答案　A
2.What can we learn from paragraph 2
A.Being honest means you are valuable.
B.We tell lies so as to protect others.
C.Honest men say they never tell lies.
D.White lies have a kind original intention.
答案　D
3.What is the author's attitude towards “telling white lies”？
A.Approving. B.Opposing.
C.Cautious. D.Neutral.
答案　B
4.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A.To introduce what a white lie is.
B.To tell us a white lie is always necessary.
C.To inform white lies and persuade us to be honest.
D.To give us some examples about telling lies.
答案　C
We all know lying is wrong，but everyone tells lies.Why？Maybe we comfort ourselves with the knowledge 1.____ most of the lies we tell are white lies.For example，we all have the experience of someone 2.________ (cook) a meal for us that we don't like.Usually，we maybe don't tell 3.___ truth and say that it is “delicious”.
that
cooking
the
One of the main 4.______ (reason) for telling a white lie is 5._____ (try) to make others feel better.Another reason is to give 6._____________ (encourage).For example，when your friend asks you how he sings，you surely say it is wonderful，despite 7._______ (secret) thinking that your cat can sing 8.______ (well) than him.However，your friend may want your frank comments so that they can improve.Finally，we also tell a white lie when we want to protect others 9._____ bad news.
reasons
to try
encouragement
secretly
better
from
Although we think that telling a white lie 10.__ (be) good for others，we shouldn't hide the truth all the time.How would you feel if you discovered that the people closest to you had been hiding the truth from you
is
Ⅰ.阅读词汇
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1.fence n. A.编，织
2.tangled adj. B.欺骗
3.web n. C.栅栏，围栏，篱笆
4.weave v. D.纠结的；复杂的
5.deceive v. E.后者
6.latter n. F.蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物
答案　1～6　CDFABE
Ⅱ.核心词汇
1.___ n. 眼泪，泪水
2.________ adv. 此外，而且
3._____adv. 分开，分离
tear
moreover
apart
Ⅲ.拓展词汇
1.______ v.证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护→justice n.公正；正义；正直→just adj.公正的；正义的；正直的
2.______ adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的→frankly adv.坦率地；直率地
3.__________ adj.独立的→independence n.独立；自主
justify
frank
independent
Ⅳ.核心短语
1._______ 撒谎
2._____________ 保护……免受……
3.__________ 说实话
4.to what extent ___________
5.hide...from... _______________
tell a lie
protect...from...
tell the truth
在何种程度
向……隐瞒……
Ⅴ.经典句式
1.even if引导让步状语从句
Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut，we say “It's great！”，____________________ (即使我们觉得它是糟糕的).
2.make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to __________________(让他人感觉好一些).
even if we think it's awful
make others feel better
3.so that 引导目的状语从句
Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you ____________________ (以便他们能够改进).
4.every time引导时间状语从句
Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served __________________(你每次去拜访的时候).
so that they can improve
every time you visit
核心词汇
1.to what extent 在多大程度上
[教材原句]　But to what extent can we justify telling white lies like these？但是，我们能在多大程度上为这样的善意谎言辩解呢？
to some/a certain extent　　 在某种程度上
to a large/great extent 在很大程度上
[即学即练]　补全句子
①____________ (在多大程度上) does this task I'm doing help me achieve my goals
②Although pressure，___________________ (在某种程度上)，can provide motivation，too much pressure has a serious negative effect.
③Forest fires can affect climate and weather __________________(在很大程度上)，besides causing severe damage to valuable trees.
To what extent
to some/a certain extent
to a large/great extent
2.tear n.眼泪，泪水 v.(tore, torn)撕破；撕掉
[教材原句]　If you've had a bad day，do you tell your parents about it，or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？如果你今天过得很糟糕，你会告诉你的父母，还是掩饰你的眼泪，撒谎说你今天过得“很好”？
(1)burst into tears(＝burst out crying) 突然大哭起来
move sb to tears 令某人感动得流泪
in tears 哭着，流着泪
(2)tear down 拆除，拆掉
tear up(＝tear...into pieces) 撕毁，撕碎
tear...in two/half(＝tear...into halves) 把……撕成两半
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子
①The government has released an announcement that old buildings should be torn _____in favour of new modern communities.
②The moment he caught sight of his mother，the little boy stood there，________________________
(含着泪看着他的母亲).(读后续写之情感描写)
③With all the anger and disappointment exploding in my heart，I finally ________________________
(大哭起来).(读后续写之情感描写)
④听到我的话，戴维泪流满面，转向我，坚定地表达了他完成越野跑的决心。
At my words，____________________________，David turned to me and firmly expressed his determination to finish the cross-country run.(读后续写之情感描写)
down
looking at his mother in tears
burst into tears/burst out crying
with tears rolling down his cheeks
3.independent adj.独立的，自主的；不受影响的[→independently adv.独立地→independence n.独立→depend vi.依靠，依赖；取决(于)]
[教材原句]　The more independent you are，the better your life will be.你越是独立，你的生活就会越好。
(1)be independent of/from 不依靠；不受……支配
(2)depend on/upon 依靠；指望
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Tom is so __________(dependent) that he never asks his parents' opinion unless he wants their support.
②Not only my spoken English，but also my ability to live ____________(independent) has been improved a lot with the help of my teacher.
③Most women nowadays have financial ___________(independent)，which means they don't rely on their husbands anymore.
④我知道你渴望独立于父母，所以我写信给你一些建议。
_______________________________________________________，I'm writing to offer you a few suggestions.(应用文写作之建议信)
independent
independently
independence
Knowing that you are eager to be independent of/from your parents
重点句式
every time引导时间状语从句
[教材原句]　Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit.可能你称之为“美味”的那顿饭会在你每次到访的时候都被端上来。
(1)every time引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever，表示“每当……”。
(2)名词词组用作连词引导时间状语从句的还有：
①each time　 　 每当……的时候
②last time/(the) next time 上次/下次……时
③the＋序数词(first/second/...)＋time 第……次时
④the＋瞬间名词(moment/minute/instant/...) 一……就……
⑤the day/the week/the year 那一天/那一周/那一年
[即学即练]　补全句子/完成句子
①(2025·全国二卷)Does your soul die a little ________________________________(每次扔掉没吃完的食物时)
②(2024·浙江卷1月)So，______________ (下次你感到) a bit sluggish (迟钝的) during the break between classes，remember to stand up and stretch！(应用文写作之建议信)
③(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)我一下飞机，就发疯似的穿过机场大楼，毫不犹豫地跳上了排队等候的第一辆出租车。
______________________________________，I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.(读后续写之动作描写)
every time you throw away unused food
next time you feel
The instant/moment/minute I got off the plane
[名师点津]　(1)every time，each time，any time前不用冠词；(the) next time中的冠词可以省略；
(2)the first time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……时”。for the first time是介词短语，只能用作状语，意为“第一次”。
一、课文词汇
1.comfort oneself with...　 用……安慰自己
2.have the experience of doing sth 有过做某事的经历
3.try to make sb feel better 为了更好地照顾某人的感受
4.protect oneself from the disappointment and anger of others
不让别人失望和生气，以免殃及自身
处理人际关系
5.give encouragement 给予鼓励
6.want some frank comments from sb 想听到某人的坦诚评价
7.hide one's tears 偷偷擦掉眼泪
8.expect sb to truly understand your emotions 期望某人真正理解你的情绪
二、补充词汇
1.feel lost and helpless 感到迷茫和无助
2.live in harmony with sb 与某人和谐相处
3.react angrily to one's words 对某人的话做出愤怒的反应
一、课本原句
1.Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut，we say “It's great！”，even if we think it's awful.
或者要是朋友问我们觉得他们的新发型怎么样，即使我们觉得糟糕，我们也会说“真好看”！
2.Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.
停下来思考一下，或许你的朋友想要从你这里听到一些坦诚的评价，这样他们才能改进。
3.Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit.
可能你称之为“美味”的那顿饭会在你每次到访时都被端上来。
二、其他表达
1.It is known to all that communication is a two-way process which involves not only speaking but also listening.
众所周知，交流是涉及说和听的双向过程。
2.Finding a proper chance to communicate with your classmate is a great way to clear up the misunderstanding between you and your classmate.
找个合适的机会和你的同学交流是一个消除你和同学之间误会的好办法。
3.Learning to stand in others' shoes is of great significance.
学会换位思考至关重要。
1.只有与他人建立良好的关系，我们才能与之和谐相处。
______________________________________________________________________
2.每当看到他人遇到困难需要帮助时，我都乐于帮他们摆脱困境。
_________________________________________________________________________
Only by developing a good relationship with others can we live in harmony with them.
Every time I see others in trouble and need a helping hand，I am willing to help them out.
(满分：59分)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1.______ (frank) speaking，when I was 16，I didn't know what to do with this tough situation.
2.Faced with so many problems arising from lack of communication，I didn't know how to deal with them ___________ (independent).
3.He burst into ____ (tear) when he realized he had lost the game，unable to contain his disappointment and sadness.
4.The rapid development of third-party mobile payment tools，__ some extent，is helping to promote cashless payments across the country.
Frankly
independently
tears
to
5.Caught by the shopkeeper for stealing candy，the little boy fell silent when having nothing left ________ (justify) himself.
6.(2023·浙江卷1月)No matter when you travel，it's a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days __advance.
7.You do not need to take too many clothes，but do bring sunglasses to protect your eyes ____direct sunlight.
8.If I had to make a decision，I would choose the former rather than the _____ (late)，as the former option seems more suitable for the current situation.
9.She tried to hide the truth ____her parents，but they eventually found out and were very disappointed.
10.The purpose of Roots & Shoots is _________ (educate) young people，so they can help build a future that is secure and live together in peace with nature.
to justify
in
from
latter
from
to educate
Ⅱ.完成句子(每小题3分，共9分)
1.人生最大的荣耀不在于从不跌倒，而在于每一次跌倒都能爬起来。
The greatest glory in life lies not in never falling，but in rising_______________.(every time引导时间状语从句)
2.(人教选必一U2)互联网使朋友和家人很容易保持联系，即使他们在世界的两端。
The Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily____________
________________________.(even if引导让步状语从句)
3.为了缩小家长和孩子之间的代沟，他们应该多交流，以便他们能更好地相互了解。
Parents and children should communicate more to narrow the gap between them__________
___________________________.(so that引导目的状语从句)
every time we fall
even if they are on opposite sides of the world
so that they can understand each other better
Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
There are many ways in which a person's body language can give you information about whether they are lying or not.
One of the biggest signs that a person is telling lies is that he avoids eye contact during conversation.He may also touch his face often，covering his mouth with his hand very often.Touching the nose is also said to be a sign of catching others' attention to cover up lies.A person who is not telling the truth may be trying to make you focus on his actions rather than his words.
Moreover，when a liar (说谎者)tells lies，his physical expression is often very stiff(不自然的).If he is smiling as he speaks，only the lips will move.A real smile naturally causes movement of the mouth，eyes，forehead，cheeks，and jaw.
The liar's hand，leg and arm movements are toward his own body.He takes up little space.The person's body language is closed off.Liars do not look relaxed，even though they may be trying to give the impression that they are.
When explaining something，a liar usually feels uncomfortable with pauses(停顿)or silences.The person may speak gently or in disordered words.A very skillful liar is able to speak directly and with confidence.In fact，some salespeople are best at this skill.
If you suspect someone is lying，change the topic of conversation suddenly.The liar will willingly change topics with you and become more relaxed.A person who is telling the truth will generally become confused about this sudden change.Another sign of someone telling a lie is yawning (打哈欠)—the person may try to make himself look as relaxed as possible，and yawning and stretching are ways of achieving this.
[解题导语]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是一个人的肢体语言可以通过很多方式说明他是否在说谎。
1.Why do liars often cover their mouths
A.To show their own skill.
B.To avoid the mouth's stiffness.
C.To smile because they feel shy.
D.To change the listener's attention.
解析　D　推理判断题。根据第二段中“He may also touch...catching others' attention to cover up lies.”可知，说谎的人经常摸脸，并且常常用手捂住嘴，触摸鼻子也被认为是吸引别人的注意力来掩盖谎言的标志，结合下文中“A person who is not telling the truth may be trying to make you focus on his actions rather than his words.”可知，一个说谎的人想让你把注意力集中到他的行为上。由此可推断，说谎者用手捂嘴是为了转移听者的注意力。故选D。
2.What does the author think of some salesmen
A.They speak softly.
B.They say “by the way”.
C.They speak confidently.
D.They are anxious while lying.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据题干中的“salesmen”可定位到第五段。根据该段中的“A very skillful liar is able to speak directly and with confidence.In fact，some salespeople are best at this skill.”可知，擅长说谎的人能够直接而自信地说话，销售人员最擅长这项技能。由此可知，作者认为销售人员能够自信地说话。故选C。
3.Which can best describe the liar's yawning
A.Uncomfortable.
B.Relaxing seemingly.
C.Worrying.
D.Exciting.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据尾段中“Another sign of...stretching are ways of achieving this.”可知，说谎的人经常打哈欠，试图让自己尽可能看起来放松。由此可知，说谎的人打哈欠是看起来令人放松的。故选B。
4.How does the author mainly develop the topic of the text
A.By giving explanation.
B.By listing numbers.
C.By using others' words.
D.By showing results of research.
解析　A　写作手法题。根据第一段可知，本文介绍的是一个人的肢体语言可以通过很多方式告诉你他是否在说谎，结合全文内容可知，作者对说谎者的一些肢体语言进行了简要介绍，由此可知，本文是通过做出解释来展开的。故选A。
B
Jamie Goldfarb had finished reading the last bedtime book to her three-year-old son，Kai，when he told her he was hungry.The mum usually complied with such requests since Kai had difficulty feeding as a baby.But this time，as she headed downstairs to fetch a banana，she heard him murmur，“Now that's how you get a fourth book.”
Goldfarb was astonished that her sweet child would tell her a lie，but experts would say that Kai was engaging in complicated cognitive reasoning (认知推理) in his successful attempt for extra storytime.And according to researchers，lying provides a rich workout for developing brains.
Though experts agree that there's no particular area in the brain leading to telling lies，certain regions of the brain are engaged during the construction of a lie.The brain must also juggle (尽量兼顾) emotions，memories，and knowledge about another person，as well as think about alternative paths the lie could take.“It's really a whole network of complex interactions (互动)，” says American psychologist Immordino-Yang.And that's why the ability to lie develops over time，as a young brain develops.
Starting around two years old，a child is probably going to tell his first lie to keep from getting in trouble—and he probably won't be very good at it.Older preschool-age children tend to try to lie as a way to make themselves look better.“They may claim they did something that they didn't do because they want to get praise，or they exaggerate (夸张) because they want the parent to think，‘Oh wow，you're amazing’”， says Victoria Talwar，author of the book The Truth About Lying.As children enter elementary school，their more-developed brains can craft more complex lies.
Parents might feel disappointed when they catch their children being untruthful，but experts advise avoiding shaming them—or calling them liars.“That won't necessarily promote the behaviour you want，” Talwar says.Instead，she suggests parents focus on the behaviour they'd like a child to exhibit and use language that encourages truth-telling.When the lie is more involved，experts recommend having a direct conversation about it.
[解题导语]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了孩子编织谎言背后的原因。
5.What do the underlined words “complied with” in paragraph 1 mean
A.Let down. B.Relied on.
C.Gave in to. D.Made use of.
解析　C　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Jamie Goldfarb had finished...when he told her he was hungry.”及下文“since Kai had difficulty feeding as a baby”可推知，杰米·戈德法布通常会答应卡伊要食物的要求。由此可知，画线词complied with意为“同意，接受”。
6.What can we learn about telling lies from paragraph 3
A.It is unavoidable in children's life.
B.It is based on complex brain activities.
C.It is controlled by a specific area in the brain.
D.It is likely to hold back the development of brains.
解析　B　推理判断题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“‘It's really a whole network of complex interactions，’...as a young brain develops.”可推知，撒谎建立在复杂的大脑活动基础之上。
7.What is the main reason why older preschool-age children lie
A.To have fun.
B.To protect others.
C.To win praise.
D.To avoid getting in trouble.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Older preschool-age children tend to...‘Oh wow，you're amazing，’”可知，学龄前儿童撒谎主要是为了获得表扬。
8.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.Suggestions on solving children's lies.
B.Possible harm to children if they are called liars.
C.Influence of children's lies on parent-child relationships.
D.Relationships between children's telling lies and their daily behaviour.
解析　A　段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，本段主要是关于如何应对孩子们撒谎的建议。
Ⅳ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
Nine years ago，I moved to an absolutely new town.Though I was 1 ，with various new things to explore，I was still lonely.I was eager to establish 2 .
This could explain my enthusiastic “Count me in！” when 3 to participate in a half marathon.Considering my usual 3 miles，I must have been 4 —13 miles seemed a(n) 5 task.
However，the original 6 gradually faded away.I found comfort in burying myself in training.Though taking it slow，one mile，and then two，I gradually made 7 .Mile after mile，I managed to step beside my new friends.We talked about our favorite music and 8 funny stories about our children.At about mile 10，the conversations 9 .We shared our past and hopes for our future，our fears and regrets.By the time we were finishing 12 miles，I was 10 that I'd made lifelong friends.
11 ，the day of the race arrived.At the start line，armed with my friends，I already felt like a champion.My time training had 12 .I managed to hold a steady pace and kept up with my 13 .Finally，we crossed the finish line together.
Although it started as a 14 of building social ties，running not only provided me with friendship，but with a skill that would 15 me for the rest of my life.
[解题导语]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者搬到一个新城镇后，通过跑步与外界建立联系的故事，最终作者既收获了友谊，又收获了受益余生的技能。
1.A.excited B.relaxed
C.embarrassed D.confused
解析　A　根据下文中的“with various new things to explore”可知，有很多新事物可以探索，所以作者是“兴奋的”。故选A。
2.A.respect B.principles
C.business D.connections
解析　D　根据上文中的“I was still lonely”以及最后一段中的“Although it started as a of building social ties”可知，作者感到孤独，所以此处应表示渴望建立“联系”。故选D。
3.A.allowed B.reminded
C.invited D.required
解析　C　根据上文中的“This could explain my enthusiastic ‘Count me in！’”可知，作者热情地回复“算我一个”，所以此处指的是被“邀请”参加半程马拉松比赛。故选C。
4.A.grateful B.confident
C.crazy D.awkward
解析　C　根据上文中的“Considering my usual 3 miles”可知，作者平时跑三英里，现在要参加半程马拉松比赛，由此可知，此处指的是作者一定是“疯了”。故选C。
5.A.pleasant B.impossible
C.rewarding D.important
解析　B　根据上文中的“Considering my usual 3 miles”可知，作者平时跑三英里，所以现在跑13英里似乎是“不可能的”任务。故选B。
6.A.delight B.anxiety
C.shock D.disappointment
解析　B　根据上文中的“Considering my usual 3 miles，I must have been —13 miles seemed a(n) task.”可知，作者认为自己原来只跑三英里，跑13英里是不可能完成的任务，由此可知，作者开始是有些“焦虑的”。故选B。
7.A.progress B.discoveries
C.history D.mistakes
解析　A　根据下文中的“Mile after mile，I managed to step beside my new friends.”可知，作者成功地跟上了新朋友的步伐，说明作者取得了“进步”。故选A。
8.A.read B.spread
C.exchanged D.composed
解析　C　根据上文中的“We talked about our favorite music”以及and可知，作者与新朋友们“谈论”音乐，并且“交流”孩子们的趣事，talked与exchanged为并列关系，由此也说明作者开始与别人建立联系。故选C。
9.A.concluded B.deepened
C.returned D.decreased
解析　B　根据上文和下文中的“We shared our past and hopes for our future，our fears and regrets.”可知，作者在跑了10英里之前与新朋友们谈论的是音乐和孩子的趣事，在跑了约10英里的时候开始与新朋友们分享过去和对未来的期许以及内心的恐惧和遗憾，由此可知，作者与新朋友们的谈话“加深”了。故选B。
10.A.hopeful B.regretful
C.convinced D.ashamed
解析　C　根据语境和下文中的“that I'd made lifelong friends”可知，随着作者与朋友们一起训练跑步里程的增加，谈论话题的不断加深，作者“相信”自己结交到了一辈子的好朋友。故选C。
11.A.Unfortunately B.Obviously
C.Naturally D.Eventually
解析　D　根据语境和下文中的“the day of the race arrived”可知，作者训练跑马拉松持续了一段时间，此处为“最终”，比赛的时间到了。故选D。
12.A.paid off B.run out
C.come across D.flown away
解析　A　根据下文中的“I managed to hold a steady pace and kept up with my .”可知，作者能在比赛的时候跟上大家，由此可知，作者的训练“得到回报”。pay off得到回报；run out耗尽；come across偶然遇到；fly away飞走。故选A。
13.A.partners B.trainers
C.coaches D.judges
解析　A　根据语境和下文中的“Finally，we crossed the finish line together.”可知，大家一起跨过终点线，由此可知，此处指的是作者能保持稳定的步伐，跟上“伙伴们”。故选A。
14.A.risk B.habit
C.right D.means
解析　D　根据上文中的“Though I was ，with various new things to explore，I was still lonely.I was eager to establish .”可知，作者初到新的环境，渴望建立联系，所以，一开始把跑步当成与大家建立联系的“手段”。故选D。
15.A.satisfy B.protect
C.challenge D.benefit
解析　D　根据语境和上文中的“running not only provided me with friendship，but with a skill”可知，此处均是谈论跑步给作者带来的好处：跑步不仅仅是给作者提供了友谊，而且还提供了一种使作者“受益”余生的技能。故选D。