外研版高中英语必修第三册Unit 3 The world of science Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas课件

(共81张PPT)
主题语境：科学发展与科学精神
【原文呈现】
FRANKLIN'S EXPERIMENT：
How Much Is True
1 Benjamin Franklin's famous experiment with lightning① has introduced② generations of children to science.However，new research suggests that the story may be fiction③ instead of fact[1].
[1]that引导宾语从句，suggest在此意为“表明”，故从句使用陈述语气。
【词汇积累】
①lightning/'laItn /n.闪电
②introduce vt.[熟词生义]使初次了解，使尝试
introduce sb to sth 使某人初次了解某事/物
③fiction/'f k ( )n/n.虚构的事，想象的事；小说
2 The well-known story is that the American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite during a storm in 1752[2].At that time，there was much interest in electricity.People wanted to know if lightning was really produced by electricity or something else[3].Franklin was one of them.He raised the kite with a piece of string tied to④ it[4].A metal⑤key was attached⑥ to the string.A flash of lightning⑦ hit the kite，and electricity was conducted⑧ through the string to the key.Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock⑨.This，he said，proved that lightning was a form of electricity.
[2]that引导表语从句。
[3]if引导宾语从句，if在此意为“是否”。
[4]“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，a piece of string与tie 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。
④tie...to...将……系在……上
⑤metal/'metl/n.金属
⑥attach/ 't t /v.系，绑；贴
⑦a flash of lightning 一道闪电
flash/fl /n.闪光
⑧conduct/k n'd kt/v.传导(热、电)
⑨electric shock n.触电，电击
3 For many years，schools have taught the story of Franklin's lightning experiment.More than one generation of schoolchildren has[5]been amazed by his bravery and his scientific⑩ approach to looking for the truth.Franklin，along with many other scientists，has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.
[5]此处属于“more than one＋可数名词单数”结构，意为“不止一个……”，其作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
[思考]课文中共出现了三处“more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语的句子，请找出其余两处并体会该用法。
⑩scientific/ sa n't f k/adj.科学(上)的
approach to (doing) sth (做)某事的方法
along with...为短语介词，意为“与……一起”，用于连接两个并列的名词或代词。
establish the truth 证实真相
establish vt.[熟词生义]证实，确定
4 However，neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.Although it has been proved that Franklin's experiment took place [6]，more than one scientist has questioned what really happened[7].The detail about the string and the key is true.But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key，he would certainly have died from the electric shock[8].
[6]Although引导让步状语从句。
[7]what引导宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。
[8]虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。
entirely/In'taI li/adv.完全地，彻底地
take place 发生。指按计划发生的事，不用于被动语态。
die from/of...死于……
5 Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts.Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton's head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity .In fact，more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple，there is no proof that it hit him on the head[9].
[9]此处“that while...head”为that引导的宾语从句，该从句中又包含一个主从复合句。其中while引导让步状语从句；that it hit him on the head为同位语从句，解释说明proof的内容。
come up with 想出，想到(主意、答案等)。相当于put forward。
gravity/'gr v ti/n.重力，引力
account/ 'ka nt/n.记述，描述
proof/pru f/n.证据，证明
proof of...……的证明
There is no proof that...没有证据证明……
6 Admittedly ，fiction is often more interesting than the truth.People have been more inspired by Franklin's spirit of scientific exploration than by the facts themselves.But in science，facts should be proved by experiments and research，and we should not always[10]believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story[11].
[10]部分否定。
[11]让步状语从句。
admittedly adv.(尤用于句首)诚然，无可否认
【参考译文】
富兰克林的实验：有多少是真的？
1 本杰明·富兰克林有关闪电的著名实验已引领一代又一代的儿童迈入科学世界。然而，新的研究表明，这一故事可能只是杜撰，而非事实。
2 这一广为人知的故事讲述了这位美国开国元勋兼科学家在1752年的一场暴风雨中放风筝的经历。在那时，人们对电兴趣浓厚，想要知道闪电是否真的由电产生，还是另有源头。富兰克林就是其中之一。他在风筝上绑了一根绳子，然后将其放上天。绳子上还绑着一把金属钥匙。一道闪电击中风筝，电流通过绳子传导至钥匙上。随后富兰克林用手指触摸钥匙，感受到了电击。他说，这一实验证明了闪电是电的一种形式。
3 许多年来，学校都会讲授富兰克林闪电实验的故事。数代学生都曾为他的勇敢和探索真理的科学方式而惊叹不已。富兰克林与许多其他科学家激励了我们，并教导我们科学实验对于证实真相并促成日后的科学发现和发明而言很重要。
4 然而，不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。尽管已证实富兰克林进行了这一实验，不少科学家还是对事实真相提出过质疑。绳子和钥匙相关的细节是真的，不过科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的触摸了钥匙，他肯定会因触电而亡。
5 科学家经常会质疑已为人接受的观点，因为他们想要查明真相。一些科学家甚至曾质疑过苹果掉在牛顿头上而促使他提出了万有引力定律的故事。事实上，不少记述表明然而牛顿确实受到了掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据显示苹果砸在了他的头上。
6 诚然，虚构的故事往往比事实更有趣。人们从富兰克林的科学探索精神受到的启发远胜于事实本身。不过，在科学领域，事实应通过实验和研究证明，我们不能全盘相信我们读到或听到的事情——哪怕它是一个精彩的故事。
What's the main idea of the passage
A.The aim of Franklin's experiment.
B.The effect of Franklin's experiment.
C.The procedure of Franklin's experiment.
D.The story of Franklin's experiment is true or not.
答案　D
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What's the author's attitude towards Franklin's experiment
A.Skeptical. B.Optimistic.
C.Critical. D.Positive.
答案　A
2.What does the word “fiction” in paragraph 1 mean
A.A type of literature describing imaginary people or events，not real ones.
B.A thing that is invented or imagined and is not true.
C.A type of literature form that is similar to a novel.
D.A type of fact that is similar to truth.
答案　B
3.What is the second paragraph mainly about
A.Franklin's opinion about science.
B.The purpose and process of Franklin's experiment.
C.People's different opinions on lightning.
D.The role of the metal key.
答案　B
4.What's the purpose of the passage
A.Tell us a funny story.
B.Tell us a story of a great scientist.
C.Tell us that we should be critical about what we read or hear.
D.Tell us lightning is really produced by electricity.
答案　C
Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.Apart 1.____ being a successful statesman，he was also a 2.______ (create) scientist and inventor.
Benjamin Franklin 3.____ (fly) a kite during a storm in 1752.He raised the kite with a piece of string 4.____ (tie) to it.A metal key was attached to the string.A flash of lightning hit the kite，and electricity was conducted through the string to the key.Franklin then touched the key and got 5.__ electric shock.
from
creative
flew
tied
an
Generations of schoolchildren have been amazed by his 6.______ (brave) and his scientific approach to 7.______ (look) for the truth.However，new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact.More than one scientist has questioned 8.____ really happened.They all agree that if Franklin had 9._______ (actual) touched the key，he would certainly have died from the electric shock.
In science，facts should 10.________ (prove) by experiments and research，and we should not always believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story.
bravery
looking
what
actually
be proved
Ⅰ.阅读词汇
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1.lightning n. A.重力，引力
2.fiction n. B.虚构的事，想象的事
3.gravity n. C.闪电
答案　1～3　CBA
Ⅱ.核心词汇
1.____ v. 起草，草拟
2._________ n. (科学)实验
3._____ n. 金属
4.____ n. 闪光
5._______ v. 传导(热、电)
6._______ n. 记述，描述
7.________ n. 程序，步骤，手续
draft
experiment
metal
flash
conduct
account
procedure
Ⅲ.拓展词汇
1._________ n.声明，宣告→declare vt.宣布；宣告；表明；宣称
2._____ v.系，绑；贴→attached adj.附属于；依恋的→attachment n.(机器的)附件；附加装置；附属物；依恋
3._______ adj.科学(上)的→science n.科学→scientist n.科学家
4.______ adv.完全地，彻底地→entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的
5._____ n.证明，证据→prove v.证实；证明是
declaration
attach
scientific
entirely
proof
Ⅳ.核心短语
1._______ 把……栓/系在……上
2._________ 与……一起；连同……一起
3.______________ 证实真相
4.take place __________
5.die from ____
6.come up with ____________
tie...to...
along with
establish the truth
发生；进行
死于
想出； 提出
Ⅴ.经典句式
1.more than one＋可数名词单数 不止一个……
____________________________________ (数代学生) has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.
2.neither...nor... 既不……也不……
However，_____________________________________________________ (不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实).
More than one generation of schoolchildren
neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true
3.that引导同位语从句
In fact，more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple，there is no proof _____________________(它砸在了他的头上).
4.部分否定
But in science，facts should be proved by experiments and research，and we _________
_____________(不应该总是相信) everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story.
that it hit him on the head
should not always believe
核心词汇
1.attach v.系，绑；贴；使依恋；重视[→attached adj.(作表语)依恋的；附属于→attachment n.附属物；附件；爱慕；依恋]
[教材原句]　A metal key was attached to the string.绳子上还绑着一把金属钥匙。
(1)attach sth to sth　　 把……附在……上；把……固定到……上
attach importance/significance to... 认为……重要/有意义
(2)be attached to 附属于；依恋
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I have attached my photo __my last email，so please check it in the _________ (attach).
②She found a box lying on the table with a card _______(attach) to it，saying “Happy Birthday”.
③我们应该高度重视海洋保护，因为它不仅为我们提供了充足的食物，还维护了自然的平衡。
We should _____________________________________________，because not only does it offer us sufficient food，but it maintains the balance of nature.( 应用文写作之倡议书)
to
attachment
attached
attach great significance/importance to ocean protection
2.account n.记述，描述；账目；账户 vi.解释，说明；(数量上、比例上)占
[教材原句]　In fact，more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple，there is no proof that it hit him on the head.事实上，不少记述表明牛顿确实受到了掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据显示苹果砸在了他的头上。
(1)give an account of...　 描述……
on account of 因为，由于
on no account 决不(位于句首时，句子要部分倒装)
take account of...(＝take...into account) 将……考虑在内
(2)account for... 是……的原因；解释；占(一定数量 或比例)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子
①(2025·全国一卷)As the world races to decarbonize everything，it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts ___about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.
②____________ (决不) should you lose heart; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.(应用文写作之建议信)
③He had to leave his beloved basketball team ________________________(由于他受伤的腿)，leaving his teammates disappointed.( 读后续写之情节描写)
④如果你能考虑我的申请并给我机会，我将不胜感激。
I _____________________________________________________and give me the chance.(应用文写作之申请信)
for
On no account
on account of his injured legs
would appreciate it if you could take my application into account
重点句式
that引导同位语从句
[教材原句]　In fact，more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple，there is no proof that it hit him on the head.事实上，不少记述表明然而牛顿确实受到了掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据显示苹果砸在了他的头上。
(1)同位语从句在句中起同位语的作用，多出现在fact，news，idea，doubt，thought，question，promise，truth，report，possibility等名词的后面，解释说明名词的具体内容。
(2)that引导同位语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，无具体的意义，只起连接作用，但是不可省略。
(3)引导同位语从句的连接词还有whether，what，which，when，where，why，how等。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①There's a tradition in our family ____a cake will be bought for us all to share when it's somebody's birthday.
②I have no idea ____we can do with these waste materials in the future，but recycling and reusing them seems like a good start.
③听到学校篮球队赢得比赛的消息，我们都很兴奋，欢呼并互相拥抱庆祝。
We were all excited at _____________________________________________，cheering and hugging each other in celebration.(读后续写之情绪＋动作描写)
that
what
the news that our school basketball team won the game
[名师点津]　that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别
类别 功能 引导词that的作用
同位语从句 对前面的名词进行解释说明，是名词的内容的体现 只起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略
定语从句 对前面的名词进行修饰或限定 既替代先行词，又在从句中充当主语或宾语
一、课文词汇
1.famous experiment with lightning 关于闪电的著名实验
2.get an electric shock 感受到电击
3.scientific approach to looking for the truth 追寻真理时采用的科学手段
4.establish the truth 求证事实
5.come up with the theory of gravity 提出万有引力定律
科学实验
二、补充词汇
1.under the instructions of sb 在某人的指导下
2.take notes (of...) 做(……的)记录
3.react with... 与……产生反应
4.make good preparations for the experiment 为实验做好充分准备
5.do the experiment as follows 按照如下步骤做实验
6.learn from the experiment that... 从实验中学到……
7.the aim of the experiment 实验的目的
一、课本原句
1.People wanted to know if lightning was really produced by electricity or something else.
人们想知道闪电是否真的由电产生，还是另有源头。
2.This，he said，proved that lightning was a form of electricity.
他说，这一实验证明了闪电是电的一种形式。
3....more than one scientist has questioned what really happened.
……不少科学家还是对事实真相提出过质疑。
二、其他表达
1.The experiment is designed to prove whether air pressure really exists.
这个实验旨在证明是否真的存在大气压。
2.With the purpose of proving whether these two metals react，we are going to carry out an experiment in the lab.
为了证实这两种金属是否会发生反应，我们将在实验室进行一项实验。
3.Through the experiment，you can further learn about the theory of gravity.
通过实验，你可以进一步了解万有引力定律。
1.这个实验的目的是研究温度对化学反应速率的影响。
_______________________________________________________________
2.我们从实验中学到，即使失败也能为成功提供宝贵线索。
______________________________________________________________________
The aim of this experiment is to study how temperature affects reaction rates.
We learned from experiments that even failures can provide valuable clues for success.
(满分：62分)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1._______ (science) knowledge should be made full use of to help us live a happy life.
2.Up to now，a number of tests _________________ (conduct) to make sure that the medicine has no side effects.
3.The mother，along with her three children，__________ (rescue) from the sinking boat last week.
4.Researchers find the ______(prove) that getting a regular eight-hour sleep every night makes a difference to our health.
5.Professor Zhang devoted himself _______(entire) to the research into renewable energy sources.
Scientific
have been conducted
was rescued
proof
entirely
6.The experts are beating their brains out trying to come up _____a good solution to the tough problem.
7.Apart from _____(care) for her children，she has to take on some heavy time-consuming housework.
8.According to a survey，the number of people ______(die) of illnesses that are connected with smoking has dropped.
9.With a label _______ (attach) to each piece of luggage，it is easy for passengers to recognise their own luggage.
10.You are supposed to take your personality ____account and figure out what kind of job would suit you best.
With
caring
dying
attached
into
Ⅱ.完成句子(每小题3分，共12分)
1.能挣钱并不一定是衡量人生成功的良好标准。
Success in making money is __________a good criterion for measuring the success of one's life.(部分否定)
2.我们队赢得冠军的消息传遍了整个学校，让每个人都充满喜悦和自豪。
_________________________________________________________________，filling everyone with joy and pride.(that引导同位语从句)
not always
The news that our team had won the championship spread throughout the school
3.在他看来，理论和实践都不重要。重要的是我们应该把理论和实践结合起来。
In his view，it is ______________________that counts.It is important that we should combine theory with practice.(neither...nor...)
4.虽然旅行可以拓宽我们的视野，但我认为在旅行上花费太多时间和金钱并不是一个好主意。
___________________________________，I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.(while引导让步状语从句)
neither theory nor practice
While travelling can broaden our horizons
Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Sometimes a person who thinks in an unusual way can look at the world from a different point of view.Such was Richard Phillips Feynman，a role model change maker.Born in 1918，he began showing some unusual qualities.
The first sign of Feynman's unique qualities was that he hadn't yet spoken by age three.But young Feynman showed a talent for math and engineering.He enjoyed repairing household objects，and built a simple laboratory in his room.By the time he was in high school，he was experimenting things which were only taught to college students.
After Richard Feynman graduated from high school in 1935，he studied at the MIT.Despite the fact that his grades in science and math were “the best that we've seen”，according to Princeton，he was almost rejected due to his very poor grades in writing.Finally，he was accepted and continued to study physics at Princeton where he got his PhD.His lectures attracted many great scientists of the time，including Albert Einstein.
At Princeton，Feynman began his most famous work：his work on nuclear weapons.He moved to a lab and not all of his work there has been released to the public，but we know he performed experiments related to uranium(铀).After the World War Ⅱ，Feynman taught at Cornell University，where he continued his studies.He was also awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in particle physics.
Then，in 1987，Feynman developed cancer and died a year later.Though Feynman and his work are honored by physicists across the world，his personal qualities and skills are what really makes him unique.Faced with all the challenges，he never gave up，doing work that he loved until the day he died.
[解题导语]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位备受尊敬的科学家理查德·菲利普斯·费曼的个人经历和取得的成就。
1.Why was Feynman admitted by Princeton
A.Because he showed some unusual qualities like others.
B.Because he graduated from the MIT.
C.Because he was very gifted in math and science.
D.Because his lecture attracted many great scientists.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Despite the fact that his grades in science and math were ‘the best that we've seen’”可知，费曼被普林斯顿大学录取是因为他在科学和数学方面很有天赋。
2.Which words can best describe Richard Feynman
A.Selfless and friendly.
B.Talented and stubborn.
C.Intelligent and devoted.
D.Strong-willed and humorous.
解析　C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But young Feynman showed a talent for math and engineering.”以及第三段中的“his grades in science and math were ‘the best that we've seen’”可知，他很聪明；通读全文可知，费曼从在普林斯顿大学读博到后来工作都致力于研究物理、教授物理。由此可知，理查德·费曼聪明且专注。
3.What do we know about Richard Phillips Feynman from the passage
A.Young Feynman showed his talent in every field.
B.Feynman won the Nobel Prize after the World War Ⅱ ended.
C.Young Feynman enjoyed managing household a lot.
D.Feynman was diagnosed with cancer and died at the age of 60.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“After the World WarⅡ...awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in particle physics.”可知，费曼是在二战后获得诺贝尔奖的。
4.What may be the best title for the passage
A.Richard Feynman's Unusual Qualities
B.Richard Feynman—A Respected Scientist
C.A Touching Story About Richard Feynman
D.The Influence of Richard Feynman
解析　B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者描述了科学家费曼的个人经历以及伟大成就，他被世人所敬重。B项最适合作文章标题。
B
As scientists in the Netherlands tried to figure out how to build a super flying robot，they learned from one of nature's flyers：the humble fruit fly (果蝇).And by building this robot，they've gained new insights into how the fly carries out one of its dangerous tasks.
The robot is called the DelFly Nimble.Its wingspan (翼展) is about a foot wide.It has four wings that can beat at 17 times per second，which appear very delicate because they're made of the same material as space blankets.
“In the previous designs，they always had a tail，like a traditional airplane tail，”said the robot's main designer Matej Karasek.He's based at the Micro Air Vehicle Laboratory at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands，and he and his colleagues published their findings on Thursday in Science.
“In the previous generations，” he said，“flapping wings drove the robot forward while the tail helped to guide and stabilize it .” “But now the DelFly Nimble is completely controlled by the wings.The challenge then was actually combining the control with the wing movement，and that's what we achieved，” Karasek said.
In the latest generation，the wings can each move individually or rotate (旋转) around the body of the robot in order to maximize the machine's agility (灵活).“The robot can remain in one place in the air for about five minutes on a full battery or fly for more than a kilometer，” Karasek said.“And because the scientists are controlling all the movements，they can use the robot to learn more about how fruit flies actually carry out their dangerous tasks，which has caught the attention of biologists.”
[解题导语]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了荷兰科学家们从果蝇身上学到了如何制造超级飞行机器人。
5.Where did scientists get the creative idea of the flying robot
A.From a fruit fly.
B.From the birds' wings.
C.From some fruits.
D.From an airplane.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As scientists in the Netherlands tried to figure out...the humble fruit fly.”可知，科学家们是从果蝇那里获得了飞行机器人的创意。
6.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 probably refer to
A.A full battery.
B.A flapping wing.
C.The DelFly Nimble.
D.The humble fruit fly.
解析　C　代词指代题。根据第四段中的“‘In the previous generations，’ he said，‘flapping wings...helped to guide and stabilize it.’”可推知，it指代科学家们发明的飞行机器人，即the DelFly Nimble。
7.What interests biologists most about fruit flies
A.That they are very tiny insects.
B.That they conduct challenging tasks.
C.That they can be easily found in the world.
D.That they have light wings and fly quickly.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“‘And because the scientists...carry out their dangerous tasks，which has caught the attention of biologists.’”可知，生物学家们对果蝇感兴趣的是它们是如何执行具有挑战性的任务的。
8.Where is the passage probably taken from
A.A research paper.
B.A travel brochure.
C.A health magazine.
D.A chemistry textbook.
解析　A　文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了荷兰科学家们从果蝇身上学到了如何制造超级飞行机器人。因此，本文最有可能选自一篇研究论文。
Ⅳ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
In high school，I did a scientific experiment.The experiment made me 1 that science could teach us a lot.It teaches us the 2 so we know where we are from.That day，I firmly 3 to be a scientist.Ever since that day，I have studied harder 4 in all my science-related subjects.After school，I do much research on how I can become a 5 scientist in the future.
One of my 6 for my becoming a scientist is Barbara McClintock，who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.At 25，she already had her PhD in botany.After that，she started her 7 as the leader in the development of maize cytogenetics(玉米细胞遗传学) and she 8 herself to that research for the rest of her life.
If I am lucky and given the 9 to achieve my ambition as a scientist，I want to be like Doctor McClintock.She 10 something that helped the other scientists 11 the things about genetics.
I know I will be able to achieve my 12 as long as I put my heart and perseverance into it.If I achieve my goal，I will share my 13 of success with all the kids who also love science and want to become scientists.My future will be as 14 as the stars in the night sky.However，my future is still far.I will make the most of the 15 to achieve my greatest ambition of becoming a scientist.
[解题导语]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了高中时期的作者在某次做实验的时候，发现了科学能够教会我们很多东西，自此作者立志成为一名科学家，尽管未来很遥远，但作者会充分把握现在去实现梦想。
1.A.suspect B.wonder
C.realize D.value
解析　C　下文“It teaches us the so we know where we are from.”进一步描述科学教会了我们的具体内容，所以此处表示那次实验让作者“意识到”了科学能教会我们很多东西。故选C。
2.A.school B.origin
C.growth D.study
解析　B　根据空后内容“so we know where we are from”可知，科学教了我们“起源”。故选B。
3.A.refused B.volunteered
C.continued D.decided
解析　D　根据上文“science could teach us a lot”可知，作者通过做实验发现了科学能教会我们很多东西；根据下文“I have studied harder in all my science-related subjects”可知，作者更加努力去学习与科学有关的学科，所以此处描述作者“决定”成为一名科学家。故选D。
4.A.especially B.possibly
C.properly D.separately
解析　A　上文讲述作者决定成为一名科学家，所以会对与科学相关的课程“尤其”关注。故选A。
5.A.happy B.popular
C.real D.careful
解析　C　上文讲述作者决定成为一名科学家并为之付出努力，所以此处指作者去研究如何成为一名“真正的”科学家。故选C。
6.A.experiences B.persuasions
C.generations D.inspirations
解析　D　根据下文具体介绍的科学家Barbara McClintock可知，她是“使作者产生动力的人”之一。故选D。
7.A.attempt B.career
C.praise D.tradition
解析　B　空后内容“the development of maize cytogenetics”是她从事的“事业”的具体内容。故选B。
8.A.devoted B.invited
C.limited D.decreased
解析　A　根据空后的“for the rest of her life”可知，Barbara McClintock把余生都“奉献”给了那项研究。故选A。
9.A.reason B.freedom
C.right D.opportunity
解析　D　根据空后的“I want to be like Doctor McClintock”和空前的提示词“lucky”可知，此处表示“还未发生的”，所以是被给予实现成为科学家的夙愿的“机会”。故选D。
10.A.heard B.expected
C.discovered D.awarded
解析　C　根据空后的“something that helped the other scientists”可知，她“发现”的一些东西帮助了其他科学家。故选C。
11.A.set out B.figure out
C.stick out D.break out
解析　B　McClintock博士所发现的东西帮助了其他科学家“弄清楚”关于遗传学的内容。set out出发；figure out弄清楚；stick out显眼，突出；break out爆发。故选B。
12.A.dream B.reward
C.fame D.stage
解析　A　根据空前的动词“achieve”可知，这里指实现“梦想”，同时呼应上文的“ambition”。故选A。
13.A.fortune B.location
C.light D.secret
解析　D　根据空后的“of success with all the kids”可知，作者会和孩子们分享成功的“秘诀”。故选D。
14.A.bright B.capable
C.proud D.brave
解析　A　作者把自己的未来比作夜空中的星星，所以应该是“明亮的”。故选A。
15.A.lesson B.present
C.mind D.heart
解析　B　上文描述作者的未来还很遥远，所以此处应该表达作者会充分把握“现在”去实现自己的目标。故选B。