外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册Unit 2 Lessons in life Section Ⅱ Using language课件

(共52张PPT)
主题语境：人与自我——人生智慧
[典句探究]
①On discovering that Morrie is being weakened by a severe illness，Mitch starts visiting him at his house on Tuesdays.
②...Tuesdays with Morrie is just made up of a collection of over-emotional thoughts and messages...
复习被动语态
③A box of tissues will be needed to get through this book!
④After finishing it，I feel I have been given a deeper insight into the world and can see things from a different point of view.
⑤Reading this book made me feel as if I'd been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world!
[我的发现]
以上教材原句中黑体部分是句子的谓语。
1.句中is being weakened为 时的被动语态；
2.句中is made up of为 时的被动语态；
3.句中will be needed为 时的被动语态；
4.句中have been given为 时的被动语态；
5.句中had been woken为 时的被动语态。
现在进行
一般现在
一般将来
现在完成
过去完成
一、被动语态的基本构成形式
被动语态的基本结构是：“be＋及物动词的过去分词”。
被动语态的谓语动词有各种时态变化，以动词 take 为例，其常见时态的被动形式如下表：
一般现在时 am/is/are taken 一般过去时 was/were taken
现在进行时 am/is/are being taken 过去进行时 was/were being taken
现在完成时 have/has been taken 过去完成时 had been taken
一般将来时 will/shall be taken 过去将来时 would/should be taken
Teachers are respected in our country.
教师在我们国家受到尊敬。
Tom's legs were badly injured in an accident last year.
在去年的一次事故中，汤姆的双腿严重受伤。
A presentation will be given on the new products.
将会有一场关于新产品的介绍会。
Besides，some sea creatures are being wiped out by fishing boats.
此外，一些海洋生物正被渔船赶尽杀绝。
The advantages and disadvantages of this machine were being discussed when I went into the meeting room.
当我走进会议室的时候，这台机器的优缺点正在被讨论。
The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
那个消息一到就会被传达给那个士兵的妈妈。
Over the years several similar theories have been put forward.
几年来已经有好几个类似理论相继被提出。
But to our surprise，the next morning，we were told that the money had been stolen.
但令我们吃惊的是，第二天早上，我们被告知那些钱被偷了。
[即时演练1]　单句语法填空
①(2025·全国一卷)“The players' personalities (reveal) during the game, and one's weaknesses are exposed to the opponent，” she adds.
②(2024·北京卷)On April 5，2024，John Tinniswood (name) the world's oldest living man.
③(2024·九省联考)Fountain pens (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable.
④If it (not turn) in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zero.
are revealed
was named
were used
is not turned
⑤Travelling to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—frequently by plane— (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
⑥Mark is a genius.By the time he graduated，he (offer) jobs by a dozen computer companies.
⑦My washing machine (repair) this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
⑧The physics lesson (teach) in the lab tomorrow.
is viewed/has been viewed
had been offered
is being repaired
will be taught
二、被动语态的特殊结构形式
1.谓语部分含有情态动词的被动语态
情态动词(may，might，can，could，would，should，ought to，must)＋be＋过去分词。
Nowadays，solar energy can be used to produce electricity in many countries.
现在太阳能在许多国家可以被用来发电。
A real sense of achievement and happiness may be felt.
一种真正的成就感和幸福感可能被感觉到。
The pollution must be stopped.
污染必须被制止。
[即时演练2]　单句语法填空
①(2024·全国甲卷)What should (do) with such a beautiful place
②The more regularly they can (inspect)，the more railway safety，reliability and on-time performance will be improved.
③When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could (use) to clean up the messes people were making.
④The artist was sure he would (choose)，but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister，the old man laughed.
be done
be inspected
be used
be chosen
2.使役动词和感官动词的被动语态
(1)在使役动词have，make以及感官动词see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe等后面不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加上to。 get，leave，cause 等使役动词的宾语补足语是带 to 的不定式，变为被动语态时该不定式不变。
My father made me stay up late to finish my homework.(表示主动)
I was made to stay up late to finish my homework by my father.(表示被动)
我父亲让我熬夜完成作业。
(2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
→He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
他妈妈送给他一份生日礼物。
3.动词短语的被动语态
动词短语是一个整体，不可丢掉它后面搭配的介词或副词。
It is said that a new railway station will be set up in my hometown.
据说一个新的火车站将在我的家乡被建造。
The baby is being taken care of by his grandmother.
这个婴儿正由他的祖母照顾。
Such a strange story has never been heard of.
这样奇怪的事情还从没有听说过。
[即时演练3]　句型转换
①I didn't notice her enter the office.
→She the office.
②Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
→A stranger into the building.
③My sister gave me a big cake.
→I a big cake by my sister.
④We should make good use of every chance.
→Every chance should .
wasn't noticed to enter
was seen to walk
was given
be made good use of
三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题
1.主动形式表示被动意义
当feel，look，smell，taste，sound 等系动词后面接形容词/名词构成系表结构时；当cut，read，sell，wear，write，wash，cook，shut，dry，drink 等表示某种属性且带有修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、运动”等意义时。
The fish smells good.
这条鱼闻起来很香。
The book written by that famous writer sells very well.
那位著名作家写的书很畅销。
Cotton feels soft.
棉花摸起来很柔软。
These cups clean easily.
这些杯子容易清洗。
The museum doesn't open on Monday.
这个博物馆星期一不开放。
[即时演练1]　
|名师点津|
(1)常使用主动语态的短语有come out，come into being，go off，run out，give out，give in。
(2)want，require，need后面用动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，或用不定式的被动形式。
These flowers want/require/need watering/to be watered.
这些花需要浇水。
(3)“be＋ adj.＋to do”结构中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动含义。
He isn't easy to get along with.
他不容易相处。　　
2.含被动语态的句型及其转换
“It is＋过去分词＋that 从句”这一句型的常见形式有：
It is believed that...　　 人们相信……
It is said that... 据说……
It is hoped that... 人们希望……
It is thought that... 人们认为……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is (well) known that... 众所周知……
It is supposed/considered that... 人们认为……
It is agreed that... 人们一致同意……
It is judged that... 据判断……
It is proved that... 据证实……
It is estimated that... 据估计……
It is believed that he has been working hard.
大家相信他一直努力工作。
[即时演练1]　
|名师点津|
以上句式大多数可转换为Sb/Sth is said/believed/thought/reported to...句型。
It is said that the film's box office tops the list of conversation topics online.
→The film's box office is said to top the list of conversation topics online.
据说这部电影的票房在网上成了热门话题。
[即时演练4]　完成句子/句型转换
①我的房子需要修理。
My house needs ______________________.
②老年人需要被细心照料。
The old require .
③这个问题很容易回答。
This question .
④这个包背起来很重。
The bag .
repairing/to be repaired
looking after/to be looked after carefully
is easy to answer
is very heavy to carry
⑤People say you are a real hero.
→You a real hero.
→ you are a real hero.
⑥People said Edison had invented the first light.
→Edison the first light.
→ Edison the first light.
are said to be
It is said that
was said to have invented
It was said that
had invented
cooperate v.合作，协作(→cooperation n.合作，协作；协助，配合→cooperative adj.合作的；协作的)
[教材原句]　it is easier to achieve something if you cooperate with someone else
如果你和他人合作，就更容易达成目标
(1)cooperate with　　　 和……合作
cooperate to do... 合作做……
(2)in cooperation with 和……合作
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
① If the governments do cooperate (fight) against global warming，it can only be a good thing.
②(2024·北京卷)Typically，cruelty and cheating are discouraged，while _____________ (cooperate)，humbleness and courage are praised.
③If you make an investment in China，you are sure to make the best profit cooperation with us.
④直到我在高中被选为班长，我才意识到与他人合作的重要性。(读后续写之主旨升华)
Not until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school did I realize the importance of .
to fight
cooperation
in
cooperating with others
(满分：82.5分)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1.Many animals and plants (preserve) well now in China.
2.It (announce) that a high official will come to our college to inspect us.
3.My car (repair) in the factory now，so I have to take a bus to work.
4.Ignoring his boss' warning，he kept lazy and careless at work.As a result，he __________ (dismiss) yesterday.
5.My son's bedroom (equip) with some furniture and it was quite noisy.
are preserved
is announced
is being repaired
was dismissed
was being equipped
6.They decide to have more workers for the project so that it won't (delay).
7.Up to now，several English activities (organize) successfully by our school.
8.By the time I arrived at the venue，a lot of money (raise) for charity.
9.It should (keep) in mind that you can't be too careful when crossing the road.
10.By the time the applicant makes up his mind，the offer _______________________ (cancel).
be delayed
have been organized
had been raised
be kept
will have been cancelled
Ⅱ.完成句子(每小题3分，共30分)
1.这个男孩被节日游行吸引住了，都忘记时间了。
The boy the festival march and he forgot what time it was.
2.我们新建的图书馆坐落在学校门口附近，周围绿树环绕。
Close to the school gate lies our newly built library which .
3.每年有数十亿棵树正在被砍伐，用来制作人类使用的纸张。
Billions of trees every year to make paper for humans.
was caught up in
is surrounded by many trees
are being cut down
4.我轻松自信地跑着比赛，尽管自己的极限正受到前所未有的考验。
I ran my race，relaxed and confident，even though my limits like never before.
5.因为这个活动将在英文网站上进行，我真诚地希望你给我一些建议。
Because this activity ，I sincerely want you to offer me some advice.
6.正如多次强调的那样，学好英语对你们今后的职业发展非常重要。
It several times that learning English well is of great importance to your career development in the future.
were being tested
will be presented on the English website
has been stressed
7.我们很遗憾地发现我们所有的建议都被拒绝了。
We were sorry to find out that all our suggestions .
8.我们真诚地希望能采取有效的措施来保护这种濒临灭绝的物种。
We sincerely hope that effective measures to protect this endangered species from dying out.
9.人们将不再担心能源短缺，因为太阳能和风能将被充分利用，海水也将被转化为能源。
People will not worry about lack of energy any longer because solar energy and wind energy and sea water into energy as well.
had been rejected
can be taken
will have been made full use of
will have been switched
10.据说应观众的强烈要求，这部戏将会在这个剧院每周上演两次。
in response to the audience's great demand，the play in the theatre twice a week.
It was said that
would be put on
Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分)
Helen Skelton was brought up on a remote farm，and her family wasn't full of runners and rock climbers.However，she has travelled the world on a series of record-breaking adventures.Now，Skelton is sharing the secrets of her success in a new book called Wild Girl：How to Have Incredible Outdoor Adventures.
Although she's got plenty of stamps in her passport，Skelton says you don't need to go to the Amazon or Antarctica in order to have an adventure—there's plenty to do here in the UK.She grew up in Cumbria，and went bike riding and skateboarding with her mum，as well as rafting.She hopes to pass on these adventures to her own children.
Despite the title，Skelton says that the book isn't just for girls.She believes adventure is a leveller—an activity where men and women are equal.Adventures can also be educational.Skelton says when you can't change some conditions，you have to adapt and be flexible (灵活的)，which is a great lesson for life.
Of all the places she's been to，Skelton says the South Pole was particularly hard.“It's like living in a freezer.It's the windiest，driest，coldest place on Earth，” Skelton explains.“You can't even put up your tent，which is your only shelter，without putting on huge gloves.”
Her advice to any aspiring (有抱负的) adventurers would be to “not worry what other people think.When I said I was going to kayak (划皮艇) the Amazon，people told me that was madness.And，if I had listened to them，I never would have done any of it.So just try.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了冒险家Helen Skelton的个人经历以及感悟。
1.What is Helen Skelton's book about
A.Her successful secrets in her life.
B.Her growth and learning stories.
C.Adventure experience is a great lesson for life.
D.Her suggestions of having successful adventures.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However，she has travelled the world on a series of record-breaking adventures.Now，Skelton is sharing the secrets of her success in a new book called Wild Girl：How to Have Incredible Outdoor Adventures.”可知，Helen Skelton的书是关于成功冒险的建议。故选D。
2.What can we infer from paragraph 2
A.Skelton only has adventures in the UK.
B.Skelton is interested in collecting stamps.
C.Skelton has been to many places in the world.
D.Skelton likes to explore the world with her children.
解析　C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Although she's got plenty of stamps in her passport，Skelton says you don't need to go to the Amazon or Antarctica in order to have an adventure—there's plenty to do here in the UK.”可知，Helen Skelton去过世界上许多地方。故选C。
3.What is the suggestion that Skelton gives other adventurers
A.Doing things as others tell you.
B.Doing what you want to do bravely.
C.Doing something as safe as possible.
D.Doing things that don't worry others.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，Helen Skelton给其他冒险家的建议是勇敢地做你想做的事。故选B。
4.What's the main purpose of the passage
A.To encourage people to take exercise.
B.To introduce the stories of an adventurer.
C.To show the importance of adventures.
D.To recommend a book to readers.
解析　B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Helen Skelton was brought up on a remote farm，and her family wasn't full of runners and rock climbers.”以及文章主要介绍了冒险家Helen Skelton的个人经历以及感悟可知，文章的主要目的是介绍一个冒险家的故事。故选B。
Ⅳ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
Things to Remember When You're
Having a Bad Day
Even the hardest days contain lessons that will help you be a better person.Feeling down Consider these things when you're having a bad day.
Success doesn't happen overnight.
Don't kid yourself into thinking success will come quickly. 1 If you feel disappointed，remember why your goal is important.
Without hard times, you wouldn't appreciate the good ones.
2 It is hard to find much to smile about when you fail，but how else can you improve yourself If you look at failure as a part of your development process，you'll stay positive and work towards your goals for as long as it takes.
It's okay to cry sometimes.
Don't be afraid of crying. 3 If you let those feelings build up without release (释放)，you'll have a much harder time dealing with them later.
No one's life is as interesting as it looks.
4 It is okay to communicate with your friends online，but don't believe everything you see.If you feel like your life pales in comparison，realize that you are comparing yourself to the best part of their lives.
5
It is hard to put yourself in a weak position，but opening up to a friend will help you deal with your troubles.If you feel like a burden，remember that no one would have achieved much if they hadn't asked for support when they needed it.
A.Don't get sad if you lose.
B.It takes courage to ask for help.
C.Strength does not come from winning.
D.Think of something you are thankful for right now.
E.Don't compare your life to what another person shows online.
F.It isn't easy to be patient，but anything worth doing requires time.
G.It isn't a sign of weakness，but an acceptable way to let go of your unhappiness instead.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在糟糕的日子里应该记住的一些事情，帮助人们更好地应对困难，保持积极的心态。
1.F　根据上文“Don't kid yourself into thinking success will come quickly.”可知，成功是需要花费时间的。F选项“保持耐心并不容易，但任何值得做的事情都需要时间”符合语境，故选F。
2.A　根据下文可知，失败也不必悲伤，这正是自我提升的契机。A选项“输了也不要难过”符合语境，故选A。
3.G　根据本段的小标题“It's okay to cry sometimes.”以及下文可知，本段讲述的是哭的好处且否定哭是错误的看法。G选项“这不是软弱的表现，而是一种可以接受的方式来释放你的不快乐”符合语境，故选G。
4.E　根据下文“It is okay to communicate with your friends online，but don't believe everything you see.If you feel like your life pales in comparison，realize that you are comparing yourself to the best part of their lives.”可知，本段讲述的是不要和网上的人的生活作比较。E选项“不要拿你的生活和别人在网上展示的相比”符合语境，故选E。
5.B　根据下文“It is hard to put yourself in a weak position，but opening up to a friend will help you deal with your troubles.”可知，本段讲述的是要勇于向他人寻求帮助。B选项“寻求帮助需要勇气”符合语境，故选B。
Ⅴ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has long been a treasure of Chinese culture that plays an 1. (essence) part in global medicine.The 2. (apply) of TCM results from its diversity.It can treat chronic (慢性的) diseases and sub-health conditions that modern medicine struggles 3. (cure)，while also offering valuable supplements and insights for modern medical practices.Increasingly 4. (recognize) worldwide，TCM combines ancient Chinese wisdom with diversity and flexibility.At the heart of TCM lies its patient-centered approach，5. (emphasize) an individual's constitution (体质)，environment，and lifestyle，rather than simply focusing on symptoms or disease alone.
The charm of TCM lies in its concept of differentiated diagnosis and treatment，
6. involves personalized medical care based on the patient's constitution and the underlying causes of their illness.The principle of “syndrome differentiation”
7. (highlight) the importance of understanding the unique nature of each patient，an approach 8. setting TCM apart from many other medical systems. This philosophy is not just theoretical (理论上的) but 9. (practical) applied in diverse treatments such as acupuncture (针灸) and moxibustion (艾灸)，tuina (massage)，cupping and guasha (spooning).There is no need for complex equipment.
TCM tools，whether the small splints used in Chinese osteopathy，the spoons used in guasha，10. the cups used in cupping therapy for example，can draw from materials close at hand，so that such treatments can spread easily.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统医学在全球医学中扮演的重要角色和其独特的诊疗理念。
1.essential　考查形容词。空处修饰名词part，用形容词essential作定语，意为“至关重要的”。故填essential。
2.application　考查名词。空处所在短语作主语，用名词application，意为“应用”，结合谓语动词results可知，主语是单数名词。故填application。
3.to cure　考查非谓语动词。struggle to do sth为固定短语，意为“努力做某事”，用动词不定式作宾语。故填to cure。
4.recognized　考查非谓语动词。“Increasingly ___________worldwide”作伴随状语，recognize是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语TCM之间是被动关系，用过去分词表示被动。故填recognized。
5.emphasizing　考查非谓语动词。空处是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语its patient-centered approach之间是主谓关系，用动词-ing形式表示主动。故填emphasizing。
6.which　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词concept，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
7.highlights　考查动词时态及主谓一致。highlight是谓语动词，与主语The principle之间是主动关系，描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语是单数名词，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故填highlights。
8.to　考查介词。an approach to为固定搭配，意为“……的方法”。故填to。
9.practically　考查副词。空处修饰动词applied，用副词practically作状语，意为“实际地”。故填practically。
10.or　考查连词。whether...or...是复合连词，意为“无论是……还是……”。故填or。