外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册Unit 6 Space and beyond Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas课件

(共79张PPT)
主题语境：人与自然——探索宇宙奥秘
【原文呈现】 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　EYES UPON THE NIGHT
The night sky has been an endless①source of fascination [1]since the start of human history.For example，the mysterious large-eyed②，bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom，[2]discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui，were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars.In reality③，humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye④.And，for a long while，people were unable to understand [3]what they could see.[4]Not knowing what the stars were，people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.
[1]since引导时间状语从句，意为“自……以来”。
[2]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词短语the mysterious large-eyed，bronze statues。
[3]what引导名词性从句。
[4]动词-ing形式短语作状语。
【词汇积累】
①endless adj.无止境的，无穷尽的
②large-eyed adj.大眼的，睁大眼睛的
③in reality实际上；事实上
同义词有：in fact，as a matter of fact，in effect，actually等
④the naked eye肉眼
Our power to investigate⑤ and thus understand space changed dramatically⑥when the first telescope⑦was angled⑧ at the night sky，[5]increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to understand that the universe is far larger than was previously imaginable⑨.The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own，[6]many of them even having their own moons.Soon，it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy⑩we call the Milky Way .Some 300 years later，we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one galaxy among billions of others，spread across the blackness of space like great islands of light and matter [7]floating in a vast cosmic ocean.
[5]动词-ing形式短语increasing...and enabling...作状语，其中含有as引导的方式状语从句和that引导的宾语从句。
[6]此处为独立主格结构。
[7]动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰名词islands。
⑤investigate v.侦察(某事)；调查(某人)；研究
⑥dramatically adv.剧烈地，明显地；戏剧性地，夸张地
⑦telescope/'telIsk p/n.望远镜
⑧angle/' ɡ( )l/v.斜置
⑨imaginable adj.可能的；可想象的
⑩galaxy/'ɡ l ksi/n.星系
the Milky Way 银河
blackness n.黑色；阴险
cosmic/'k zmIk/adj.宇宙的
Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented，the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit，[8]giving astronomers—indeed all of us—the first breathtakingly beautiful images of our universe [9]taken from beyond Earth.Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances，from enormous clouds of gas [10]where stars are being born，to huge black holes，and even to new planets where we might conceivably find life.Not only that—it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe，and discover the incredible fact [11]that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed.
[8]动词-ing形式短语作状语。
[9]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词images。
[10]where引导定语从句，修饰先行词 clouds of gas。
[11]that引导同位语从句。
the Hubble Space Telescope 哈勃太空望远镜
enormous adj.巨大的，极大的
conceivably/k n'si v b( )li/adv.可以相信地；可想象地
work out 计算出
[12]To see even further into the universe，many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.Currently，China operates the world's largest and most powerful radio telescope，the FAST telescope，[13]completed in 2016.The 500-metre dish of the“Eye of Heaven”，as it is known，is being used in the search for dark matter，thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes.This vast dish also has [14]the ability to explore regions of space billions of light years away，right at the edge of the visible universe.
[12]动词不定式短语作状语，表示目的。
[13]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词短语the FAST telescope。
[14]“the ＋名词＋to do sth”结构，其中动词不定式作后置定语。
in the search for 寻找……
in search of 寻找；搜寻
search for寻找；搜索
subatomic/ s b 't mIk/adj.
亚原子的；原子内的
particle/'pɑ tIk( )l/n.粒子
invisible/In'vIzIb( )l/adj.
看不见的
at the edge of 在……的边缘
The Hubble and the space telescopes constructed after it will allow us to see further and further into space.We will view stars and galaxies billions of light years away and look back at a past that was billions of years ago.[15]Using ever-larger radio telescopes as our eyes，we will one day be able to look back to a time in the very early universe，before the existence of light.But the human quest for knowledge reaches even beyond that.[16]So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.
[15]动词-ing形式短语作状语。
[16]so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，其中so提至句首时，主句可用部分倒装。
look back at回头看
existence n.存在；生存
exist v.存在，生存
quest for寻找；探索，设法找到
【参考译文】
眺望夜空的眼睛
从人类有史以来，夜空就一直是让人浮想联翩的不竭源头。例如在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目铜像，古时的人们认为它能够看到遥远的星空。事实上，人类仅凭肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。并且在很长一段时间里，人们都无法理解他们所看到的事物。古时的人们并不知道星星到底是什么，所以他们便凭着想象去创造了一个空中世界。
当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了巨大变化，它不仅增强了人类肉眼观测的能力，而且也让我们明白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。每个行星都可以被视为和我们地球类似的星球，其中许多行星甚至有它们自己的卫星。很快，我们明白太阳只不过是银河系中数十亿计的恒星中的一个。大约300年后，我们又得知，银河系只是数十亿个散落在黑色太空中的星系之一，就像漂浮在宇宙汪洋中的一座光与物质组成的大型岛屿。
第一个地基望远镜问世将近400年之后，哈勃空间望远镜发射入轨，不仅让宇航员，事实上还让我们所有人，都看见了来自地球之外令人叹为观止的宇宙美景。它让我们史无前例地看到了如此遥远的景观——从星体诞生的巨大气体云团，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能会发现生命迹象的新行星。不仅如此，它还帮助我们测算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质，且发现了惊人的事实——宇宙正在以不断增加的速度扩大。
为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。近来，中国研发了世界最大、功能最强的射电望远镜——FAST 望远镜，于2016年建成。众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜是观测不到的。这个巨盘还能探索数十亿光年之外的太空领域，那里是看得到的宇宙的边界。
哈勃望远镜以及在它之后建成的太空望远镜将使我们能看见更加遥远的太空。我们将能观察几十亿光年外的星体和星系，回看数十亿年之前的过去。终将有一天，我们会使用更巨大的射电望远镜，当作人类之眼，回看在光产生之前的宇宙的最早时期。但人类对知识的渴望不止于此。宇宙还有很多的未知领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。
What's the main idea of the passage
A.Ancient people's knowledge about space is limited.
B.The universe is far larger than people once imagined.
C.Humans will conquer the universe in the near future.
D.People will know more about the universe with large telescopes.
答案　D
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.How did people create a world in the sky
A.By their naked eyes.
B.By telescopes.
C.By their imaginations.
D.By passing from mouth to mouth.
答案　C
2.How does the author organize the passage
A.By the order of time.
B.By the order of space.
C.By giving examples.
D.By listing numbers.
答案　C
3.What can be learned from paragraph 2
A.The Sun is the only star in the Milky Way.
B.The Milky Way is much larger than the universe.
C.The universe is a vast ocean.
D.The universe is enormous.
答案　D
4.What is the FAST telescope mainly used for
A.Searching for the dark matter.
B.Searching for the aliens.
C.Searching for more unknown stars.
D.Searching for black holes.
答案　A
5.Which of the following is the author's opinion about humans' exploration in space
A.We are still close to the start of the journey of discovery.
B.We can't find life on other planets except the earth.
C.We have reached the centre of the universe.
D.We have the ability to reach regions of space billions of light years away.
答案　A
Since the start of human history，people have already regarded the night sky as
1. endless source of fascination.It 2. (believe) that the large-eyed bronze statues from the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui were able to look across great distances into the stars.In 3. (real)，humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye.Our power to see the sky changed 4. (dramatic) when the first telescope was angled at the night sky.It extended the power of the human eye and enabled us to realise that the universe is a far 5. (large) place than we ever imagined.
an
is believed
reality
dramatically
larger
In 1990，the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit，6. (give) astronomers the first breathtakingly beautiful images of our universe 7. (take) from beyond Earth.These ranged from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born 8.___ huge black holes，and even to new planets.In 2016，the FAST telescope was completed in China.It is used in the search for dark matter，9. can't be observed through ordinary telescopes.Its vast dish has the ability 10. (make) discoveries beyond our imaginations.
giving
taken
to
which
to make
Ⅰ.阅读词汇
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1.angle v.　　　　　　 A.胡椒粉
2.galaxy n. B.宇宙的
3.cosmic adj. C.粒子
4.subatomic adj. D.亚原子的；原子内的
5.particle n. E.激光唱片；光碟，光盘
6.self-discipline n. F.自我约束，自律
7.pepper n. G.星系
8.disc n. H.斜置
答案　1.H　2.G　3.B　4.D　5.C　6.F 7.A　8.E
Ⅱ.核心词汇
1. n.　　　　 望远镜
2. v. (去)拿来；(去)请来；(去)找来；去接(某人)
3. adj. 简单的
4. n. 肌肉
5. v. 打喷嚏
telescope
fetch
straightforward
muscle
sneeze
Ⅲ.拓展词汇
1. adv.可以相信地；可想象地→conceive v.想出(主意、计划等)；想象；构想→conceivable adj.可以想象的；可想象的；可信的
2. adj.看不见的→visible adj.看得见的；明显的→vision n.视力；视觉；想象
conceivably
invisible
Ⅳ.核心短语
1. 　　　 与……相似
2. 算出；理解；制定出；解决；锻炼；进展顺利
3. 忙于，从事，参与
4. 由……组成
5. 回顾，回想
6. 实际上，事实上
7. 探索，追求
8. 接近
be similar to　　
work out
be engaged in
be composed of
look back to
in reality
quest for
be close to
Ⅴ.经典句式
1.be＋过去分词＋to do
For example，the mysterious large-eyed，bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom，discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui，_________________________
(被认为能够看到遥远的星空).
2.动词-ing形式的否定形式作状语
(并不知道星星到底是什么)，people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.
able to look across great distances into the stars
were believed to have been
Not knowing what the stars were
词汇精研
1.be composed of由……组成[→compose v.作(曲); 组成，构成；使平静→composer n.作曲家；创作者→composition n.构成；作曲；作品]
[教材原句]　The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”，as it is known，is being used in the search for dark matter，thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes.
众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质。
(1)be composed of＝be made up of/consist of　　 由……组成
(2)compose oneself 使自己镇定下来
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译
①For homework，we had to write a 500-word (compose) on environmental protection.
②Mozart was a brilliant (compose) whose symphonies still inspire musicians today.
③Please compose (you); there's no need to get panicked!
④生活不仅由阳光构成，也包含着艰难时刻，将我们塑造成更强大、更智慧的人。(读后续写之主旨升华)
→Life，________________________________________________________________
，shapes us into stronger and wiser individuals.(定语从句)
→Life，______________________________________________________________，
shapes us into stronger and wiser individuals.(分词短语作定语)
composition
composer
yourself/yourselves
which consists of/is made up of/is composed of not only sunshine but also hard
times
composed of/made up of/consisting of not only sunshine but also hard times
2.be engaged in忙于，从事，参与(→engage v.参加；参与(活动)；雇用；聘请→engaged adj.忙于；从事于；已订婚的→engagement n.订婚；约会)
[教材原句]　To see even further into the universe，many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.
为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。
(1)engage (sb/oneself) in (doing) sth (使某人)从事/参与(做)某事
engage sb to do sth 聘请某人做某事
(2)be engaged to 已与……订婚
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译
①The students benefiting most from college are those who are totally engaged _____ academic life.
②Whether for a special occasion such as an (engage) or a wedding or simply as a gift，diamond rings make the ideal choice.
③So busily (engage) in something else was her mind that she failed to hear her mother's question.
④参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更快乐。 (应用文写作之倡议书)
→The students are happier than those who are not.(定语从句)
→The students are happier than those who are not.(分词短语作定语)
in
engagement
engaged
who are engaged in after-school activities
engaging themselves/engaged in after-school activities
句式剖析
be＋过去分词＋to do
[教材原句]　For example，the mysterious large？eyed，bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom，discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui，were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars.
例如，在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目青铜像，古时的人们认为它们能够看到遥远的星空。
句型sb/sth＋be＋过去分词＋to do的具体用法：
(1)可用于本句型的动词有say，think，believe，expect，report，consider，suppose等。
(2)句型中动词不定式的形式：①to do 表示动词不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生；②to be doing 表示动词不定式动作正在发生；③to have done表示动词不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前。当构成动词不定式的动词与主语是动宾关系时，要用不定式的被动形式。
(3)同义句型：It＋be＋过去分词＋that
[即学即练]　句型转换/一句多译
①It is said that more than 500 students participated in the five-kilometer cross-country running race held last week.
→More than 500 students the five-kilometer cross-country running race held last week.
②The video filmed by my mom was thought to be amusing，making me widely known in the town.
→ ，making me widely known in the town.
are said to have participated in
It was thought that the video filmed by my mom was amusing
③据报道，这些关于中国传统文化的纪录片在国外很受欢迎。(读后续写之传统文化)
→ the documentaries about the traditional Chinese culture are well received outside China.
→The documentaries about the traditional Chinese culture __________________________
outside China.
It is reported that
are reported to be well received
一、课文词汇
1.look across great distances into the stars　　　　看到遥远的星空
2.float in a vast cosmic ocean 漂浮在宇宙汪洋中
3.launch the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit 哈勃空间望远镜发射入轨
4.see even further into the universe 更加深入地观察宇宙
5.be engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes
投入研发更先进的望远镜
探索宇宙
二、其他表达
1.figure out　　　　　　 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
2.in one's effort to do sth 某人努力做某事
3.despite the huge risks 尽管风险很大
一、课文原句
1.Not knowing what the stars were，people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.
古时的人们并不知道星星到底是什么，所以他们便凭着想象去创造了一个空中世界。
2.The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own，many of them even having their own moons.
每个行星都可以被视为和我们地球类似的星球，其中许多行星甚至有它们自己的卫星。
3.Using ever-larger radio telescopes as our eyes，we will one day be able to look back to a time in the very early universe，before the existence of light.
终将有一天，我们会使用更巨大的射电望远镜，当作人类之眼，回看在光产生之前的宇宙的最早时期。
4.So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.
宇宙还有很多的未知领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。
二、其他表达
1.The universe is vast and mysterious，filled with countless galaxies and stars.
宇宙浩瀚而神秘，充满了无数的星系和恒星。
2.Over the years，humans have made significant progress in space exploration，from sending satellites into orbit to landing on the moon.
多年来，人类在太空探索方面取得了重大进展，从将卫星送入轨道到登上月球。
1.对宇宙的探索是如此激动人心，以至于我们一直热衷于探索它未知的奥秘。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.这次讲座既有教育意义，又鼓舞人心，给我们所有人都留下了深刻的印象。它也在我们的脑海中播下了太空梦想的种子。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
So thrilling is the exploration of the universe that we have always been passionate about exploring its unknown mysteries.
The lecture was both educational and inspiring，leaving a lasting impression on all of us.It also planted seeds of space dreams in our minds.
3.这项意义重大的活动开阔了我们的视野，激发了我们对科学的兴趣，突出了中国航天事业的成就。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
This significant activity broadened our horizons and inspired our interest in science，highlighting the achievements of China's space program.
(满分：59分)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1.Air is (visible)，but we can feel it moving when the wind blows.
2.Her handwriting is remarkably similar her older sister's; it's hard to tell them apart.
3.We need to work the total cost of the project before asking for money.
4.The students were actively engaged a serious discussion about climate change solutions.
5.Our class project team is composed five students with different skills and talents.
invisible
to
out
in
of
6.When I look back my first day at high school，I remember feeling quite nervous.
7.He seems very confident online，but reality，he's quite shy around new people.
8.Scientists continue their quest new medicines to treat currently incurable diseases.
9.Our school is very close the city library，making research trips convenient.
10.With enough effort and time，we could (conceive) finish this complex assignment by Friday.
to/on
in
for
to
conceivably
Ⅱ.完成句子(每小题3分，共9分)
1.尚未发现任何智慧生命的迹象，科学家们继续用更先进的技术进行搜索。(动词-ing形式的否定形式作状语)
，scientists continue their search with even more advanced technology.
2.据认为这座古庙可以追溯到公元前200年。(It is/was＋过去分词＋that...)
the ancient temple dates back to 200 BCE.
3.我走近了些，听见他们正在说汉语，并且我像在中国可能做的那样说了声“你好”。(as引导的方式状语从句)
I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese，and I said “Ni Hao”，just __________
.
Not having found any signs of intelligent life yet
It is thought that
as I might do
in China
Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
In Morten Tyldum's movie Passengers，characters Jim Preston and Aurora Lane are on a 120-year interstellar journey with 5，000 other people.Their destination：HomesteadⅡ，a new world to start their lives anew.To survive the travel，passengers entered hibernation (冬眠)，each one frozen in their own pod.However，something goes wrong and Jim and Aurora wake up 90 years too early.But what if we told you that hibernation for space travel is more likely to happen than the romantic story between Jim and Aurora
Hibernation is a state in which living organisms slow down their metabolic (新陈代谢的) processes while maintaining essential functions.Once inside these pods，astronauts will get drugs to adjust metabolism，reduce core temperature，and cause inactivity.Once back on Earth，they will wake up and gradually readopt their normal functional metabolism.
For going to Mars，astronauts would require about 30 kg of food，water，air，and other supplies per day.Thus，hibernation can significantly cut down on their essential needs.Additionally，hibernating astronauts wouldn't get bored，stressed，or lonely，and less time and space would be needed to help keep them fit or entertained.
But this is merely the theory.Space agencies are investigating whether reducing body temperature and later inducing (导致) metabolism is a more practical option，while，most research projects are currently focusing on animals.The question is：how can we evoke hibernation in species that are not normally doing that And this is why the research on rats，not naturally hibernating animals，is interesting.Research on bears is also important since their body size is more relatable to ours.
The concept is not being considered for the forthcoming Mars mission，but for longer missions to farther destinations such as the outer planets，it could be a very useful technology.Hibernation for humans is an ethically controversial concept，and critics may consider it as a mad scientist's dream.However，without such dreamers，humanity would still be in the Middle Ages.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空旅行中冬眠的理论及其研究进展。
1.Why does the author mention the movie Passengers
A.To advertise a popular sci-fi space movie.
B.To introduce a new approach to long spaceflights.
C.To explore the possibility of settling another planet.
D.To reveal the potential dangers of long space travels.
解析　B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However，something goes wrong and Jim and Aurora wake up 90 years too early.But what if we told you that hibernation for space travel is more likely to happen than the romantic story between Jim and Aurora？”可知，作者提到电影《太空旅客》是为了引出下文关于太空旅行中冬眠这一话题，介绍一种长途太空飞行的新方法。故选B。
2.What happens to hibernating astronauts
A.Their functional metabolism is disturbed.
B.They need more time and space for entertainment.
C.They lose the balance between basic needs and supplies.
D.Their physical and mental needs are reduced to a minimum.
解析　D　推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，冬眠的宇航员基本需求会显著减少，也不会感到无聊、有压力或孤独，用于保持健康和娱乐的时间和空间也更少，说明他们的身体和心理需求都被降到了最低。故选D。
3.What does the underlined word “evoke” in paragraph 4 mean
A.Initiate. B.Justify.
C.Define. D.Prioritize.
解析　A　词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“And this is why the research on rats，not naturally hibernating animals，is interesting.Research on bears is also important since their body size is more relatable to ours.”可知，画线单词所在句讲我们如何让那些通常不冬眠的物种进入冬眠状态？故可猜测画线单词“evoke”为“唤起，引起”的意思，和A选项Initiate“发起，启动”意思相近。故选A。
4.What does the author think of hibernation for humans
A.It may be a risky strategy.
B.It is a dream hard to realize.
C.It can advance social progress.
D.It challenges traditional moral values.
解析　C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Hibernation for humans is an ethically controversial concept，and critics may consider it as a mad scientist's dream.However，without such dreamers，humanity would still be in the Middle Ages.”可知，作者认为人类冬眠在伦理上有争议，批评者可能认为这是疯狂科学家的梦想，但如果没有这样的梦想家，人类可能还处于中世纪，说明作者认为人类冬眠可以推动社会进步。故选C。
B
The 21st century has witnessed incomparable progress in space exploration.China's Chang'e-6 mission，landing on the moon's far side in 2024，collected rock samples containing rare helium-3，which could drive carbon-free applications in power plants，lunar energy networks，and space travel，with minimal radioactive waste and abundant lunar resources.Meanwhile，NASA's Artemis program is constructing a lunar base to test technologies like 3D-printed habitats and water recycling systems，essential for future Mars colonization.Private firms also contribute：SpaceX's Starship reduced launch costs by 70%，enabling universities to deploy mini-satellites for tracking climate change.
A milestone discovery came from Mars.NASA's Perseverance rover confirmed vast water ice deposits beneath the planet's surface—critical for producing oxygen and rocket fuel.However，long-term space habitation faces hurdles.Exposure to radiation in space during the 6-month Mars journey could damage astronauts' DNA，increasing cancer risks.Additionally，over 900，000 pieces of space debris (碎片) larger than 1 cm orbit Earth，threatening satellites.In 2025，Japan's JAXA launched a laser-equipped satellite to vaporize (汽化) small debris，while the EU's ClearSpace-2 mission will use robotic nets to capture large pieces.
Global cooperation accelerates breakthroughs.The China-Russia Lunar Research Station，planned for 2035，will study lunar soil for farming experiments.India's Aditya-L1 satellite cooperates with NASA to monitor solar storms that damage Earth's power network.Public engagement grows through initiatives like NASA's “Mars VR”， allowing students to virtually explore landscapes of Mars and analyze geological data.
Critics question the costs—$150 billion spent annually worldwide—arguing funds should address poverty or climate crises.Yet，space research has boosted life-saving technologies：MRI scanners generated from Apollo-era imaging systems，and water purification methods used in deserts came from spacecraft recycling.As humanity eyes star to star travel，balancing exploration with Earth's needs will define our universal heritage.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了21世纪太空探索的进展、面临的挑战以及全球合作在太空探索中的作用，同时回应了批评者对太空探索成本的质疑。
5.What is helium-3's potential use
A.Satellite production.
B.Clean energy.
C.Medical research.
D.Plant farming.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“China's Chang'e-6 mission，landing on the moon's far side in 2024，collected rock samples containing rare helium-3，which could drive carbon-free applications in power plants，lunar energy networks，and space travel，with minimal radioactive waste and abundant lunar resources.”可知，氦-3的潜在用途是作为清洁能源。故选B。
6.Why is Mars' water ice important
A.It cools engines.
B.It prevents radiation.
C.It attracts tourists.
D.It aids space missions.
解析　D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“NASA's Perseverance rover confirmed vast water ice deposits beneath the planet's surface—critical for producing oxygen and rocket fuel.”可知，火星上的水冰之所以重要，是因为它有助于太空任务。故选D。
7.How does Japan deal with space debris
A.Using robotic nets.
B.Recycling materials.
C.Capturing used satellites.
D.Turning them into watery dust.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In 2025，Japan's JAXA launched a laser-equipped satellite to vaporize small debris，while the EU's ClearSpace-2 mission will use robotic nets to capture large pieces.”可知，日本用激光卫星把太空碎片汽化成水汽状物质，从而解决太空碎片问题。故选D。
8.How is the passage organized
A.Question—explanation—suggestion.
B.Theory—practice—evaluation.
C.Achievement—problem—solution.
D.Situation—response—result.
解析　C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The 21st century has witnessed incomparable progress in space exploration.”以及第二段中的“However，long-term space habitation faces hurdles...while the EU's ClearSpace-2 mission will use robotic nets to capture large pieces.”可知，文章先介绍了太空探索的成就，接着提出了太空探索面临的问题，最后给出了解决方案。由此可知，文章是按照“成就——问题——解决方案”的结构来组织的。故选C。
Ⅳ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
Brenda Bongos was a girl with one big ambition—to play the drums in a band.But a(n) 1 lay in her way.To be good enough to play in a band，Brenda had to practise a lot，but she lived next-door to lots of 2 people in a care home.The sound of beating drums would really annoy them.Brenda was 3 .She always tried to find a way of practising her drums without bothering other people，but without success.However， 4 to practise as much as she could，Brenda tried all kinds of ways.
One day，while watching a science documentary，she heard that 5 cannot travel in space without air.At that moment，Brenda Bongos decided to become a 6 astronaut.So Brenda built a space bubble connected with a machine，which drew out all air.Inside was a 7 of drums.Once inside，Brenda 8 the machine and played like mad!
It wasn't long before she had become 9 .Many people came to see her play in her space bubble. 10 afterwards she started giving concerts out of the bubble. 11 ，Brenda became a real musical astronaut as the government asked her to be part of a space journey，and had gone far beyond her first 12 of playing drums in a band.
When asked how she had 13 all this，she said，“If those old people next-door hadn't 14 so much to me，I wouldn't have gone to such 15 to find a solution，and none of this would have ever happened.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Brenda Bongos是如何成为音乐宇航员的故事。
1.A.question　 B.obstacle
C.figure D.hand
解析　B　根据下文“To be good enough to play in a band，Brenda had to practice a lot，but she lived next-door to lots of _________ people in a care home.The sound of beating drums would really annoy them.”可知，Brenda住在养老院旁边，练习打鼓会打扰到老人，这是她练习打鼓时遇到的阻碍。故选B。
2.A.sick B.local
C.elderly D.poor
解析　C　根据下文“in a care home”可知，她住在养老院旁边，这里住着很多上了年纪的人。故选C。
3.A.delightful B.wonderful
C.awful D.respectful
解析　D　根据下文“She always tried to find a way of practising her drums without bothering other people ”可知，Brenda不想打扰到老人，由此可推知，她是尊敬老人的。故选D。
4.A.scared B.thrilled
C.determined D.encouraged
解析　C　根据下文“Brenda tried all kinds of ways.”可知，为了练习，Brenda尝试了各种方法，说明她很有决心。故选C。
5.A.light B.sound
C.air D.heat
解析　B　根据上文“She always tried to find a way of practising her drums without bothering other people ”可知，Brenda不想因为练习敲鼓而影响别人，因此，这里应该是得知了一个不会传播声音的方法。故选B。
6.A.classical B.musical
C.medical D.physical
解析　B　根据下文“Inside was a ______ of drums.Once inside，Brenda ______ the machine and played like mad！”可知，Brenda建造了一个太空泡，成了一个在太空泡里练习敲鼓的“音乐航天员”。故选B。
7.A.part B.pair
C.couple D.set
解析　D　根据上文“to play the drums in a band”可知，她想在乐队里敲鼓，“drums”使用复数，应是指架子鼓，用数量词“a set of”表示“一组/一套架子鼓”。故选D。
8.A.turned on B.put on
C.got on D.held on
解析　A　下文宾语“the machine”意为“机器”，应用A项“turned on”在句中表示“打开机器”。故选A。
9.A.mature B.skillful
C.famous D.confident
解析　C　根据下文“Many people came to see her play in her space bubble.”可知，在这样特殊的太空泡泡里打鼓吸引了许多人观看，她出名了。故选C。
10.A.Hardly B.Shortly
C.Rarely D.Swiftly
解析　B　分析句意可知，上文“Many people came to see her play in her space bubble.”与“afterwards she started giving concerts out of the bubble”为时间先后关系，应选择表示时间关系的副词。故选B。
11.A.Finally B.Generally
C.Suddenly D.Fortunately
解析　A　根据下文“Brenda became a real musical astronaut”可知，Brenda成为一名真正的音乐宇航员，这是她经过自己的努力最终取得的成就。故选A。
12.A.effort B.performance
C.ambition D.attempt
解析　C　根据上文“to play the drums in a band”可知，在乐队里演奏是她最初的梦想。故选C。
13.A.fought B.done
C.assumed D.achieved
解析　D　结合语境可知，下文“all this”指的是Brenda取得的成就。故选D。
14.A.mattered B.related
C.owed D.talked
解析　A　根据上文“Brenda was _____.She always tried to find a way of practising her drums without bothering other people...”可知，Brenda很在乎敬老院老人们的感受。故选A。
15.A.classes B.places
C.difficulties D.lengths
解析　D　分析句意可知，“go to such lengths”是固定短语，意为“竭尽全力”。结合上文讲述可知，Brenda努力找到解决难题的办法。故选D。