外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册Unit 5 Into the unknown Section Ⅱ Using language课件

(共58张PPT)
主题语境：人与自然——探究未知
[典句探究]
①Through comparison，he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars.
②What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels，metal tools or even animal power.
③The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.
复习名词性从句
④Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.
⑤By changing the landscape in this way，it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.
[我的发现]
1.句①中that引导 从句。
2.句②中What引导 从句；how引导 从句。
3.句③中that引导 从句。
4.句④中Why引导 从句。
5.句⑤中it为形式 ，that引导的 从句为真正的主语。
宾语
主语
表语
同位语
主语
主语
主语
在复合句中相当于名词的从句，称为名词性从句，主要分为主语从句、 宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四类。名词性从句的引导词及其用法如下：
类别 引导词 意义 功能
从属
连词 that 无意义 不充当成分
whether/if 是否 不充当成分
连接
代词 what(ever) (无论)什么 主语、宾语、表语、定语
which(ever) (无论)哪一个 主语、宾语、定语
who(ever) (无论)谁 主语、宾语、表语
whom 谁 宾语
whose 谁的 定语
类别 引导词 意义 功能
连接
副词 when 何时 时间状语
where 哪里 地点状语
why 为何 原因状语
how 如何 方式状语
一、主语从句
1.主语从句的引导词
主语从句通常由以上名词性从句引导词引导。
What upsets me most is his rudeness.
最让我生气的是他的粗鲁。
Every year，whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
每年，谁做的风筝最漂亮，谁就会在风筝节上获奖。
2.it作形式主语
(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句
(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/believed/expected/thought/known/reported等)＋that从句
(4)It＋特殊动词(seems，appears，happens，matters等)＋that从句
It was astonishing that she didn't care about my feelings.
令人惊讶的是，她竟不在乎我的感受。
It's a pity that you couldn't feel it in the flesh.
遗憾的是，你不能切身感受到它。
[即时演练1]　用适当的引导词填空
① the space mission went so well was beyond our expectations.
② the ancient people built the pyramids in the past with primitive tools puzzled people for centuries.
③It is likely native Americans moved to California at least 15，000 years ago.
④ we discussed yesterday is a very hot topic at present.
⑤It doesn't matter you pay in cash or by credit card in this store.
⑥ will become the next president of this country is still a mystery.
That
How
that
What
whether
Who
二、宾语从句
1.宾语从句的引导词
宾语从句的引导词与主语从句的引导词大致一样，在句中可以作及物动词、介词及部分形容词的宾语。
Betty thinks that trees can improve the air.
贝蒂认为树木可以改善空气。
Now a lot of people might wonder why I would step out into traffic like that to rescue a single butterfly.
现在很多人可能想知道我为什么要到那么拥挤的车流中去救一只蝴蝶。
You can do whatever gives you a break from the stress.
你可以做任何帮助你缓解压力的事情。
2.it作形式宾语
(1)动词(find/feel/think/consider/make)＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋that从句
(2)动词(hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy)＋it＋that从句
(3)动词短语(see to/depend on/rely on)＋it＋that从句
(4)固定搭配(take it for granted/owe it to sb)＋that从句
I find it surprising that he plays the piano so well.
他钢琴弹得这么好，我感到很惊讶。
We make it a rule that we go to the English Corner to practise English every afternoon.
我们定下规矩，每天下午都要去英语角练习英语。
[即时演练2]　完成句子
①为了应对气候变化，我们必须主动采取一切必要措施来保护我们的环境。
To deal with climate change，we must seize the initiative to do to protect our environment.
②尽管情况困难，白求恩大夫还是尽其所能帮助中国人民。
Despite the difficult situation，Dr.Bethune did to assist the Chinese people.
③我想买些邮票。你能告诉我这附近有邮局吗？
I want to buy some stamps.Can you tell me _____________________________________
④总之，志愿服务可以改变我们的生活，所以我认为成为一名志愿者是非常值得的。
In summary，volunteering can make a difference to our life，so I think ________________
.
whatever is necessary
whatever he could
if/whether there is a post office near here
rewarding to be a volunteer
that it is very
三、表语从句
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if，because和why引导。
That's why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.
这就是为什么我认为长江之行将是一个更好的选择。
My parents' request is that I should be admitted to a key university.
我父母的要求就是我必须被重点大学录取。
[即时演练3]　完成句子
①她在我昨天站的地方待了一个小时。
She has remained for an hour.
②你在英语方面取得了很大的进步。这是因为你改进了学习方法。
You have made great progress in English.This is _________________________________
___________________.
③她无法理解这个复杂的理论，这就是她举起手的原因。
She couldn't understand the complex theory，and that's .
④问题是谁能代替彼得去参加典礼。
The problem is Peter to attend the ceremony.
where I stood yesterday
because you have improved your studying
methods
why she held up her hand
who can replace
四、同位语从句
同位语从句用以说明其前面某一名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word(消息)等。
There is no doubt that it is worthwhile to participate in the photography show.
毫无疑问，参加摄影展是值得的。
[即时演练4]　用适当的引导词填空
①I have no idea will be in charge of the company.
②Sometimes I had the uncomfortable feeling this little machine had taken up too much of my time.
③There is some doubt the weather will be good enough for the outdoor event.
④Word came the students would put off the outing until next week because of the bad weather.
who
that
whether
that
五、注意事项
1.that与what引导的名词性从句的区别
that在从句中不充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，意为“什么，什么……的事情，什么样的”。
Our teacher made a request that we (should) be well prepared for the exam.
老师要求我们为考试做好充分准备。
We had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions.
我们必须写一篇论文，内容是我们打算如何将课堂上学到的知识应用到未来的职业中。
2.whether与if引导的名词性从句的区别
(1)whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末，且前面需用it作形式主语。
Whether it is true remains a question.
这是否真实依然是个问题。
It is unknown whether/if he will attend the meeting.
他是否会来参加会议还不清楚。
(2)whether与if引导宾语从句时一般可以互换，但是如果直接与or not连用或用于介词后时，只能用whether。
I was wondering whether/if she'd prefer to come a little later.
我不知道她是否乐意晚一点来。
There was a heated argument about whether he was suitable for the position.
关于他是否适合这个职位有过激烈的争论。
(3)whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，而if不可以。
Before making the decision whether we should wear the school uniform，we have to balance the advantages against the disadvantages.
在决定是否穿校服之前，我们必须权衡利弊。
[即时演练5]　用适当的引导词填空
①It is said Chinese tea culture dates back to 5，000 years ago.
②There is still some doubt the autumn sports meeting will be held in our school.
③The United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain，England—many people are confused by these different names mean.
that
whether
what
1.shrink v.(shrank/shrunk；shrunk/shrunk)退缩，畏缩；(使)缩水，收缩n.收缩，皱缩，缩水，萎缩
[教材原句]　While there is no need for us to shrink from new situations，we should always look into things first and consider our options.
虽然我们不必对新情况畏缩不前，但始终应该先仔细了解情况，再权衡各种选择。
shrink from　　 (因害怕等)避开；避免做，不愿做
shrink to 缩小到……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①If we don't take action，the polar bear population could shrink a critically low level in the next decade.
②许多学生因害怕出丑而回避公开演讲，但练习可以帮助建立信心。
Many people due to fear of embarrassment，but practice can help build confidence.
to
shrink from public speaking
2.run for one's life逃命
[教材原句]　Often，making a quick getaway is a sensible and understandable natural response，dating back to a time when our ancestors were running for their lives from dangers，such as wild animals，lightning and fire.
迅速逃离是一种合理且合乎本能的自然反应，这种反应可追溯至远古时期——当时人类祖先为躲避野兽、闪电与山火等威胁，不得不拼死逃命。
run after　　　 追赶某人；追逐某物
run away from 逃离；逃避
run across 偶然遇见某人或发现某物
run into 遇到；撞上；遇到(困难)
run out (指供应品)花光，用完；耗尽；结束
run out of (指人)用完；耗尽(供应品)
run over 碾过
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①While cleaning the attic，I ran my grandmother's old diary，which was filled with fascinating stories.
②We ran heavy traffic on the way to the airport and nearly missed our flight.
③考试中途墨水用完了，她一下子慌了，大脑一片空白。(读后续写之心理描写)　
She got into a panic and went blank when she in the middle of the exam.
④好奇心切，她从河岸边跑开，穿过田野去追兔子。(读后续写之动作描写)
Burning with curiosity，she and across the field to chase after the rabbit.
across
into
ran out of ink
ran away from the riverbank
3.set out动身踏上(漫长的)旅途，出发；开始
[教材原句]　In more recent times，Norwegian explorer，Roald Amundsen endured one of the most hostile environments on Earth when he set out into uncharted territory to reach the South Pole—a region of the planet ripe for exploration.
在近代探险史上，挪威探险家罗阿尔德·阿蒙森为抵达南极，勇闯地球最险恶之境，深入这片人迹未至的极地荒原——彼时，南极仍是人类亟待探索的神秘疆域。
set out for　　　　 动身去……
set out to do sth 着手做某事
set about doing sth 着手做某事
set down 记下，写下，放下
set up 竖起；创建，开办
set aside 把……放到一旁；留出(钱或时间)
set off 动身，出发；使爆炸；引起
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译
①Early in the morning，we set for the mountains，hoping to reach the summit before noon.
②A new library was set in our community，providing students with a quiet place to study.
③I sincerely hope you can set some time for the music concert.(应用文写作之邀请信)
④她着手通过每天阅读小说和练习口语来提高她的英语水平。
→She by reading novels and practising speaking every day.
→She by reading novels and practising speaking every day.
out
up
aside
set about improving her English
set out to improve her English
4.throw oneself into积极投入到……中去
[教材原句]　Of course，exploration doesn't have to mean blindly throwing ourselves into the unknown，and it's never wrong to think twice before taking action.　
当然，探索未必是盲目冒险，在行动前深思熟虑永远是正确的。
throw oneself on　　 扑倒在……上
throw away 抛弃，丢弃；错过
throw off 脱去；摆脱
throw up 呕吐
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①He threw a great opportunity by not preparing for the interview.
②Let's throw ourselves organizing community recycling programs.
③马拉松比赛后筋疲力尽，他扑倒在草地上，大口喘气。(读后续写之动作描写)
Exhausted after the marathon，he ，gasping for breath.
④他往杰夫的手上涂了些药，然后开始帮他们收拾残局，扔掉烧焦的吐司。(读后续写之动作描写)
He applied some medicine to Jeff's hand，and then set out to help them clean up the mess， .
away
into
threw himself on the grass
throwing away the burnt toast
5.look into调查(问题)；审查；研究
[教材原句]　While there is no need for us to shrink from new situations，we should always look into things first and consider our options.
虽然我们不必对新情况畏缩不前，但始终应该先仔细了解情况，再权衡各种选择。
look ahead (to sth)　　 向前看(某物)；为将来打算
look back (on/upon) 回忆；回顾
look down upon/on 看不起，轻视
look forward to 盼望；期望
look out (for) 当心，注意，提防
look through 快速查看；浏览
look up 往上看；查阅
look up to 尊敬，敬仰
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①She looked at the stars and felt amazed by the beauty of the night sky.
②I like to look back my high school days，which were the happiest in my life.
③Every time I looked my nearly empty tip jar，I grew more depressed.(读后续写之情感描写)
④如果你能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。期待您的早日回复。(应用文写作之申请信)
I would appreciate it if you could take my application into account.I'm .
up
on/upon
into
looking forward to your early reply
(满分：70.5分)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1. impresses me most is the beauty of the West Lake.
2. you vote for or against the proposal doesn't seem to matter very much.
3. is likely that you'll suffer from bad health if you keep staying up late.
4.The question should do the work requires consideration.
5.There is no denying we will meet with difficulties whether we are fortunate or not.
What
Whether
It
who
that
6. I believe is that hard work pays off.
7.We must make it clear to the public something should be done to stop pollution.
8.I have the honour to inform you you have won first prize in the competition.
9.There's a lot of evidence exercise is beneficial to our health.
10.My sister is outgoing and optimistic.That's she can adapt to the new environment easily.
What
that
that
that
why
Ⅱ.完成句子(每小题3分，共18分)
1.没过多久，简就意识到她在一个陌生的森林里迷路了，这使她如坐针毡。
It wasn't long before Jane sensed ，which made her feel like sitting on pins and needles.
2.我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果想成功，就必须相信我们所做的和我们是谁。
Our teachers always tell us to believe in and if we want to succeed.
3.努力学习并不总是有趣的，但是我将为未来发生的任何事情做好充分的准备。
Studying hard isn't always fun，but I will be well prepared for .
that she got lost in an unfamiliar forest
what we do
who we are
whatever comes in the future
4.我意识到成功的秘诀无关你出生于何时何地，而在于你在生活中做什么以及如何去做。
I realize the secret to success is not ，but what you are doing and how you do it in your life.
5.这是因为人们坚信探索太空的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。
That is despite huge risks.
when or where you were born
because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration
6.我们总是理所当然地认为地球可以提供给我们无穷无尽的自然资源，因此我们过度开发资源。
We always take it for granted ________________________________________________，so we overdevelop the resources.
that the earth can provide us with limitless natural resources
Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分)
What can a seal teach us about the deep ocean？Plenty as long as it's wearing satellite-linked devices on its head.Clive McMahon，who works on an elephant seal tagging project at the University of Tasmania in Australia，said that deep-diving seals can provide scientists with a wealth of information on the structure of the ocean floor.
To gather this information，McMahon and his team attached small satellite-linked devices to seals.The devices took measurements of temperature and depth as the seals swam.Since 2004，McMahon's team has tracked more than 500，000 individual seal dives beneath the East Antarctic continental shelf，which is the edge of a continent that lies under the ocean.
“Given the remote nature of Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean，only a small part of the Antarctic continental shelf was surveyed by ships in the past，” McMahon said.“So the information available about this area is sparse.” But seals are helping scientists fill in the pieces to this puzzle.In July 2023，McMahon and his team published a study about their work with deep-diving seals in a scientific journal.
Information from seal dives is helping scientists understand how the ocean affects Antarctica's role in global climate.“We found in some regions that more than 25 percent of previous estimates of the ocean depths were wrong，” said Mark Hindell，who also worked on the study.“We only know this now because the seals were diving hundreds of meters below those depths.In the most extreme cases，they dived more than 1，000 meters (3，281 feet) deeper than what we thought was the ‘ocean floor’.”
The data，or information，from the dives also revealed new underwater features，including troughs，which are long，wide and deep sunken areas in the ocean floor.Thanks to the seals，the scientists also found a deep canyon near the Vanderford Glacier，which is as low-moving river of ice hundreds or thousands of meters deep.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海豹如何通过佩戴卫星连接设备来帮助科学家研究深海的情况。
1.What is the main purpose of the article
A.Analyzing East Antarctic shelf's geography.
B.Discussing ocean impacts on climate change.
C.Describing satellite devices in ocean research.
D.Introducing seals' role in collecting ocean data.
解析　D　写作意图题。根据第一段的内容和第二段中的“To gather this information ... took measurements of temperature and depth as the seals swam.”，再结合全文内容可知，文章讨论了海豹如何通过佩戴与卫星相连的设备，为科学家提供有关深海的宝贵信息，包括温度、深度和水下特征。即本文的主要目的是介绍海豹在收集海洋数据中的作用。故选D。
2.Which is closest in meaning to “sparse” in paragraph 3
A.Limited. B.Plentiful.
C.Complex. D.Unrelated.
解析　A　词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句可知，只有一小部分南极大陆架被船只勘测过，由此可推断，这个地区的可用信息不多。故画线单词意为“很少，有限”。故选A。
3.Why is the seal-gathered data considered important
A.Seals dive deeper than other marine animals.
B.Seals are able to replace extensive ship surveys.
C.Seals are equipped with advanced technology in devices.
D.Seals access remote ocean areas beyond human's knowledge.
解析　D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“‘Given the remote nature of Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean...’ But seals are helping scientists fill in the pieces to this puzzle.”以及第四段的内容可知，海豹可以进入人类所知甚少的遥远海域，所以海豹收集的数据是很重要的。故选D。
4.What might the article continue talking about
A.The impact of seal dives on ocean ecosystem research.
B.The challenges faced by scientists in tracking seal dives.
C.The significance of the newly discovered underwater features.
D.The applications of satellite-linked devices in other animal studies.
解析　C　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，最后一段介绍了科学家们通过海豹在Vanderford冰川附近发现了一个很深的峡谷，由此可推测，文章接下来可以分析这个新发现的意义。故选C。
Ⅳ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
Should We Be Concerned About AI
Recently，the European Union passed a draft of the first major law to govern artificial intelligence (AI).Policymakers in China and the United States are working on similar guidelines. 1 There are crucial issues to consider.
AI-generated content may spread misinformation.AI systems such as chatbots can create polished articles that look like something a person wrote.However，chatbots get their information from the Internet，and they cannot distinguish between reliable facts and false reports.As a result，a chatbot's articles may include inaccurate information. 2
AI risks copyright issues.During training，AI systems often add copyrighted works to their databases.Later，when an AI system creates new content such as a drawing，the picture may have the nose of a copyrighted image. 3 Jonathan Taplin，film producer and author，is against such use of AI.He feels licenses are needed to protect artists when AI uses their copyrighted material in its training.
4 Professor Debby Cotton at Plymouth Marjon University placed her name on an article written by a chatbot.Then，she succeeded in having it published in an education journal.Cotton wanted to prove that ChatGPT is writing at a very high level. Teachers must search for clues to detect it.In addition，Cotton warns students that cheating steals their chance to learn key skills they will later need.
AI raises many concerns regarding the product it creates and the privacy and protection of people from whom it learns. 5
A.What are these guidelines about
B.Such articles could mislead people.
C.AI writing tests academic integrity.
D.AI is used in the classroom extensively.
E.Also，AI's new tune may sound like a popular song.
F.Why do governments want to monitor this technology
G.Laws to guide such powerful technology are necessary.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了人工智能可能带来的风险，包括虚假信息传播、版权问题以及教育领域的挑战，强调了对其进行监管的必要性。
1.F　设空处上文提及欧盟通过了管控人工智能的重大法律草案，中国和美国也在制定类似的指导方针，设空处下一句指出有关键问题需要考虑。F项“为什么政府想要监管这项技术？”能够合理承接上文提到的各国出台相关举措这一现象，引出下文阐述的AI带来的一系列具体问题。
2.B　设空处位于段尾，应与上一句构成紧密逻辑关系。上一句提到聊天机器人等AI系统生成的文章可能包含不准确信息，B项“这样的文章可能会误导人们”正是上一句所导致的结果。
3.E　上文提到AI系统在训练过程中常把有版权的作品加入其数据库，在创作新内容时会出现版权相关问题。E项“而且，AI创作的新曲调可能听起来像一首流行歌曲”则是从音乐创作领域进一步举例说明AI在创作时可能存在的版权问题，与上文从不同创作角度阐释版权问题的逻辑相符。
4.C　设空处位于段落首句，为段落主题句。下文讲述Debby Cotton教授把聊天机器人写的文章拿去发表，以及教授提醒学生警惕AI作弊、指出作弊会剥夺学生学习关键技能的机会等事例，都是围绕C项“AI写作对学术诚信构成了挑战”展开的。
5.G　设空处位于末段结尾，应能总结全文内容。上文详细列举了AI在生成内容方面会传播错误信息、存在版权问题，以及给教师教学等方面带来的诸多令人担忧的问题，综合来看，鉴于AI带来了这么多问题，G项“监管这种强大技术的法律是必要的”是解决这些问题的方法，此项内容也与首段呼应。
Ⅴ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
“Wufeng Chaoyang (五凤朝阳)” is a unique cultural treasure of Taiyang Town in Lin'an District.It is not just a lantern dance but also 1. symbol of the local people's expectations for a better life.
The art of “Wufeng Chaoyang” features phoenix-shaped props (凤凰形状的道具)，with the phoenix 2. (represent) good fortune in traditional Chinese culture.During the performance，lanterns 3. the shape of five phoenixes become the main props of the dance，each phoenix unique and lifelong.
The performance 4. (follow) a fixed form，as dancers skillfully wave the wings of five phoenix lanterns while dancing.Meanwhile，5. (ground) by cloud-shaped props，the phoenixes fly freely among them，creating a lively and breathtaking scene.This dance symbolizes not only a beautiful life but also a bright future，bringing 6. (end) hope and joy to the audience.
Every performance of “Wufeng Chaoyang” is 7. (undoubted) a vision and spiritual feast (盛宴) 8. audiences seem to be sent to a mysterious fairyland，flying with phoenixes and welcoming a better future together.
“Wufeng Chaoyang” allows people 9. (experience) the appeal of traditional Chinese culture.It will continue to be passed down，serving as a 10. (connect) between the past and the future，tradition and modernity.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“五凤朝阳”这一独特的文化瑰宝，包括其象征意义、艺术特色、表演形式以及所传达的文化价值。
1.a　考查冠词。修饰可数名词单数symbol，表示泛指，应使用不定冠词。故填a。
2.representing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语，空处作宾语补足语，构成with复合结构，且宾语the phoenix和宾语补足语represent之间为主动关系，应使用动词-ing形式。故填representing。
3.in　考查介词。in the shape of是固定短语，意为“以……形状”。故填in。
4.follows　考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语为“the performance”，表示单数概念，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填follows。
5.grounded　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语，空处应为非谓语动词作状语，且主语the phoenixes和动词ground之间为被动关系，应使用过去分词形式。故填grounded。
6.endless　考查形容词。修饰名词“hope and joy”应用形容词，end的形容词形式为endless，意为“无尽的”。故填endless。
7.undoubtedly　考查副词。修饰句子应使用副词作状语，undoubted的副词为undoubtedly，意为“毋庸置疑地”。故填undoubtedly。
8.where　考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，指代先行词feast，在从句中作地点状语，应使用关系副词where。故填where。
9.to experience　考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth为固定短语，意为“让某人能够做某事”。故填to experience。
10.connection　考查名词。根据空前的冠词a可知，空处应用名词单数形式，作宾语。故填connection。