外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册Unit 4 Everyday economics Section Ⅱ Using language课件

(共48张PPT)
主题语境：人与社会——创新与创业意识
[典句探究]
①As someone who grew up in the country，Zhang already knew about growing plants.
②The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me，which was totally outside my experience.
③The place where this happens is a valley，a world away from any television studio.
④As people say，“It takes a village to raise a child.”
⑤Zhang never thought this was something (that) she would end up doing.
复习定语从句
[我的发现]
1.句①③⑤为 从句，关系词分别在从句中作 、 和
。
2.句⑤关系代词 作宾语，可以省略。
3.句②④为 从句，关系词分别在从句中作 和 。
限制性定语
主语
地点状语
宾语
that
非限制性定语
主语
宾语
一、引导定语从句的关系词
1.引导定语从句的常用关系词的用法
关系词 所修饰的先行词 在从句中所作的成分
关系
代词 who 人 主语、宾语、表语
whom 人 宾语
which 物或事 主语、宾语、表语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人、物或事 主语、宾语、表语
关系词 所修饰的先行词 在从句中所作的成分
关系
副词 when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词 地点状语
why 原因名词 原因状语
Is he the boy who/that lives next door
他就是那个住在隔壁的男孩吗？
(2025·全国二卷)The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway.
这种地形造就了一个完美的市场，货物可以通过河流作为高速公路进行运输和接收。
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
穿着不得体的人将被拒绝参加。
(2023·全国乙卷)The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman whose hair color looked just perfect.
她选择的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子上有一张头发颜色看起来很完美的女人的图片。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.
20年前，他遭受严重的背痛时，他对替代疗法产生了兴趣。
There are several reasons why we can't do that.
我们有好几个理由不能那样做。
|名师点津|
situation，case，point，stage等表示“情况，方面”的名词后可接where引导的定语从句。
I think you've got to the point where a change is needed，otherwise you'll fail.
我认为你到了需要改变的时候了，否则你会失败。　　
2.定语从句中关系词的选用
准确判断关系词在定语从句中所作的成分(主语、宾语、定语、状语)。关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语时，应用关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose)；关系词在从句中作状语时，应用关系副词(where作地点状语，when作时间状语，why作原因状语)。
|名师点津|
1.只用that的情况
(1)先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时。
(2)先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时。
(3)先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时。
2.只用which的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。
(2)关系代词指物，且前有介词时。　
[即时演练1]　用适当的关系词填空
①It is a challenging job you are doing something serious but interesting.
②I will always remember the hours we lived together.
③Festivals are occasions allow us to relax and enjoy life，and forget about our work for a little while.
④CISAR brings help and hope to those lives are changed by natural disasters.
⑤The reason he lives far away from his parents hasn't been known to us.
⑥Can you help me to think of a reason seems reasonable for my being absent
⑦This is the very museum we visited during our school trip last year.
where
when
that/which
whose
why
that/which
that
二、“介词＋关系代词”的用法
1.“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法
(1)根据从句中的谓语动词或主要的形容词的某种习惯搭配确定介词。
He is the person on whom you can depend.
他是你可以依赖的人。
(2)根据与先行词搭配的具体意义确定介词。
I don't know the reason for which he was late for school.
我不知道他上学迟到的原因。
(3)根据句子所要表达的意思确定介词。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.
这就是那位救了我儿子的飞行员。
2.“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用which或whom，不用that
I'll never forget the day on which I joined the army.
我永远也忘不了我参军的那一天。
This is the pencil with which I draw pictures.
这是我画画用的那支铅笔。
[即时演练2]　 用适当的介词填空/句式升级
①Scientists are still trying to determine the extent which climate change will impact coastal communities in the next decade.
②He paid the boy ten dollars to wash the windows，most of hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.
③Please tell me the reason which you should have a holiday.
④We carefully studied the photos， which we could see signs of plant disease.
⑤Robert spent four years in college， which he learned law and medicine.
to
which
for
in
during
⑥I'm very grateful to Mr Zhang.I couldn't have been admitted to a key university without his encouragement.
→I'm very grateful to Mr Zhang， I couldn't have been admitted to a key university.
⑦Through the summer camp，I made many friends，and two of them still keep contact with me.
→Through the summer camp，I made many friends，______________________________.
without whose encouragement
two of whom still keep contact with me
三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
功能 和先行词的关系密切，去掉影响整个句子意思的表达 和先行词关系不密切，起补充说明的作用，去掉不影响整个句子意思的表达
形式 不用逗号隔开 一般用逗号隔开
关系 所有关系词都可引导，且在一定情况下可省略 一般不可以用that或why引导，关系词不可省略
先行词 先行词只能是名词或代词 先行词既可以是名词、代词，也可以是短语或句子
The Great Wall is one of the buildings that Chinese people are proud of.
长城是中国人为之骄傲的建筑之一。(限制性定语从句)
Yesterday I met Mary，who looked very tired.
昨天我遇到了玛丽，她看上去很累。(非限制性定语从句)
2.as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
as 引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整句话或整件事 位置较灵活，可置于所修饰的主句前、主句中或主句后 一般译为“正如，正像”
which 修饰主句或主句的一部分 定语从句只置于所修饰的主句之后 一般译为“这一点，这件事”
As we all know，smoking is harmful to health.
我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。
He finished the task ahead of time，which is very important to us.
他提前完成了任务，这对我们很重要。
[即时演练3]　用适当的关系词填空/用as或which 引导的定语从句完成句子
①The 12-year-old boy won the gold medal， came as a surprise to many people.
②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu， _____ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”.
③Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play， ，of course，made others annoyed.
④Peter， you met in London，is now back in Paris.
⑤The man， work will be finished soon，feels relieved now.
who
which
which
whom
whose
⑥ is known to us all，Chinese people would like to put up couplets to celebrate the Spring Festival.
⑦正如多次强调的那样，学好英语对你们今后的职业发展非常重要。
，learning English well is of great importance to your career development in the future.
⑧妈妈总把我当小孩子对待，这是我不能忍受的。
My mother always treats me like a baby， .
⑨在那么多人面前他有点儿紧张，这是可以理解的。
In the presence of so many people he was a little tense， .
⑩我想用和你同样的方式来做这件事情。
I want to do it in the same way .
As
As has been stressed several times
which I can't bear
which was understandable
as you did
superior adj.质量上乘的，优质的；高级的n.上级；高手
[教材原句]　superior，smooth blend，with mild flavour
优质，顺滑融合，风味温和
be superior in　　　在……方面优越
be superior to 比……优越；比……好
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①She is superior math problem-solving skills，often finding creative answers faster than her classmates.
②With this victory，Qin had established military (superior) over other states.
③依我之见，在减少环境污染方面，太阳能比传统燃料更优越。
As far as I'm concerned，solar energy in reducing environmental pollution.
[温馨提示]　superior，inferior，senior，junior这四个词均无比较等级，若表示比较，用介词to。
in
superiority
is superior to traditional fuels
(满分：67.5分)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1. is often the case，little boys tend to be very active and out of control.
2.Carol said the work would be done by October， personally I doubt very much.
3.Have you ever faced a time things looked dark and you had no hope at all
4.The reason he explained at the meeting was not reasonable at all.
5. is known to all，there is no country having a more diverse cuisine than China.
As
which
when
that/which
As
6.The book， cover is blue，was written by a famous author.
7.They joined an online group they talked about their problems and got support and advice from others.
8.After two months in America，Tian Hua made some friends whom she explored the city.
9.Last week，I read a book from I knew how a person could make contributions to protecting the cultural heritage of his country.
10.Someone can speak quite a few languages may seem especially talented.
whose
where
with
which
who
Ⅱ.完成句子(每小题3分，共15分)
1.参加慈善活动让我意识到回馈社会的重要性。
Attending the charity event was an occasion ___________________________________
.
2.那些勇敢地迎接挑战的人往往会发现自己从未意识到的力量。
Those often discover strengths they never knew they had.
back to the community
when I realized the importance of giving
who embrace challenges with courage
3.孩子们成长的环境会影响他们的性格。
The environment influences their character.
4.你可能无法控制发生在你身上的所有事情，但你可以决定不被它们击垮。
You may not control all the events ，but you can decide not to be reduced by them.
5.这就是那位成就卓越的科学家。
This is the scientist are well-known.
where children grow up
that happen to you
whose achievements
Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分)
Reporters rushed to find Rehan Sujeewa Staton a handful of years ago when news broke that a sanitation (公共卫生) worker had been accepted to Harvard Law School.Their various versions of a self-made success story went viral.
Staton wanted to make one thing crystal clear：It wasn't just him，but the people around him that made it all possible in very direct and sometimes surprising ways.“I worked for a trash company，where my co-workers told me that I should go to college instead.I had a boss who let me leave work and go to school.I had a cousin who helped me study for the Law School Admission Test.My brother dropped out of college to help with the family finances.My dad sacrificed a lot for me.I could keep going down this list.I got lucky，but I made the most of my luck，” he said.
From early on Staton understood the instability of life.He and his brother were raised by their dad.The family of three struggled to make ends meet.After high school，Staton got a job at a trash and recycling company.It motivated him to find his way to the University of Maryland while continuing to work.Staton cleaned garbage containers and collected trash from 4 a.m.until 7 a.m.，and after that，he would go to classes.The desire for a better life for him and his family was the main reason Staton applied to law school.
At Harvard Law School，Staton found a community of professors，classmates，administrators and staff who helped him to get through.To show his gratitude to the service staff，he raised money to give $ 100 gift certificates to each service worker of Harvard Law School and founded “The Reciprocity (互助) Effect” to honor other such workers at universities and corporate institutions.
“I didn't want to change after going to Law School，” he said.“The allure (诱惑) is huge.I went to work in fancy place.I made cool connections and friendships.But I don't want to forget who I am.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述Rehan Sujeewa Staton从环卫工人到被哈佛大学法学院录取的励志故事，展现了他的个人经历、周围人的帮助以及他对生活的态度和感恩之心。
1.What made Staton the focus of reporters' attention
A.His popularity on social media.
B.His job as a cleaner.
C.His admission to Harvard.
D.His donation to service workers.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Reporters rushed to find Rehan Sujeewa Staton a handful of years ago when news broke that a sanitation worker had been accepted to Harvard Law School.”可知，Rehan Sujeewa Staton被哈佛大学录取这一事件让他成了记者们关注的焦点。故选C。
2.What does Staton believe his success is due to
A.Luck.
B.Personal talent.
C.Others' help.
D.The academic environment.
解析　C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的Staton wanted to make one thing crystal clear：It wasn't just him，but the people around him that made it all possible in very direct and sometimes surprising ways.”可知，Staton认为他的成功要归功于别人的帮助。故选C。
3.Why did Staton refuse to change after law school
A.To stay true to himself.
B.To avoid challenges.
C.To please his family.
D.To focus on wealth.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，Rehan Sujeewa Staton不想改变是因为他想忠于自己的出身和价值观，即他想保持自己的本色。故选A。
4.What can we learn from the story
A.A rising tide lifts all boats.
B.Two heads are better than one.
C.The early bird catches the worm.
D.A grateful heart is a beginning of greatness.
解析　D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It wasn't just him，but the people around him that made it all possible in very direct and sometimes surprising ways.”以及第四段中的“To show his gratitude to the service staff，he... and corporate institutions.”可知，Rehan Sujeewa Staton的成功离不开他周围人的帮助，并且他对这些帮助心怀感激，这体现了感恩的重要性。故选D。
Ⅳ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
Hard Work VS Smart Work
The difference between hard work and smart work is how a goal is achieved.Hard work means spending long hours to complete a job without any shortcut.Smart work achieves the same results but with advanced planning and creative thinking.
1 However, if they work intelligently, they can do the same amount of work more quickly and efficiently.
To go from hard work to smart work, it is important to think before acting. 2 In this way, you can reach your goal faster when you take the relevant action.Smart workers are aware that good preparation and flexibility in the process can save a lot of work time later.Start thinking: Is there a better way to do things What tools do you need to facilitate the work
3 Learn how to assign them to someone who has a sharp tool.But for the things you really want to master, make it a priority to sharpen your tool beyond what you need to cut. 4 To go from hard work to smart work, you need to acquire skills by studying, reading, and practicing.Your skills and life experiences will save you time in the long run.
So if you feel like you are working hard but not getting what you want, it means you are not working smart enough.Work hard at your job, and you can make a living. 5 Working on yourself means improving your skills.The more skills you have, the more you will earn with less effort.Work hard to get those skills now.
A.In this case, your tool is your mind.
B.Smart work requires careful preparation.
C.It cannot be denied that people must work hard.
D.Working smart is using tools to increase efficiency.
E.Do not waste time doing things you are not great at.
F.Work hard on yourself, and you can make a fortune.
G.It's important to balance working hard and working smart.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了努力工作和聪明地工作的区别，以及如何从努力工作转变为聪明地工作。
1.C　设空处后一句表示，“然而，如果他们聪明地工作，他们就能更快更高效地做同样多的工作”，句中的“However”表示转折，说明前面应该是说人们必须努力工作，与后面聪明地工作形成对比。C项“不可否认人们必须努力工作”符合语境。
2.B　设空处后一句中的“In this way”表明设空处与后一句为因果关系，即设空处的行为可导致“当你采取相关行动时能更快地达到目标”这一结果。再根据前一句提到的“从努力工作转变到聪明地工作，在行动之前思考是很重要的”可知，B项“聪明地工作需要精心准备”符合语境，其中的“preparation”与“think before acting”呼应， preparation在后文中有原词复现。
3.E　设空处后一句“学习如何把它们分配给有锋利工具(能力强)的人”提示设空处应点明them指什么。通读选项，E项“不要浪费时间做自己不擅长的事情”符合语境。them指代things you are not great at。下文的“But for the things you really want to master”也提示设空处要提到things。
4.A　设空处前一句指出，“对于你确实想要精通的事情，优先磨砺你的工具，使其超出你所需的程度”。可以看出，这里tool并不是指具体的工具，而是你所需的能力，what you need to cut则是指你需要解决的问题。A项“在这种情况下，你的工具就是你的头脑”解释了tool的概念，符合语境。
5.F　设空处前一句提到“Work hard at your job，and you can make a living.”，后一句提到“Working on yourself means improving your skills”，这里是从努力工作到努力提升自己的转变，故F项“努力提升自己，你能赚大钱”可实现衔接。
Ⅴ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
Ieoh Ming Pei，commonly known as I.M.Pei，was a well-known architect 1. _____ groundbreaking works and significant impact have permanently shaped the field of contemporary architecture.Born in Guangzhou，China，in 1917，Pei went to the United States in the 1930s，where he would later earn his degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard Graduate School of Design.
Pei's career lasted for over seven decades，during which he 2. (create) some of the most iconic structures of the 20th century.His portfolio (代表作品) included 3. ___ range of projects from museums and civic buildings to skyscrapers and private residences.Among his most celebrated 4. (design) are the Louvre Pyramid in Paris，a large glass and metal pyramid that served as a masterful connection between the Louvre's historic architecture 5. modern sensibilities，and the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong.
In 6. (add) to his architectural achievements，Pei was known for his ability 7. (combine) tradition with modernity，a design philosophy that shaped his approach to creating spaces that were both 8. (function) and beautiful.His work inspired a generation of architects and continues to influence contemporary design.
Throughout his life，Pei received numerous awards and honors，9. (include) the Pritzker Architecture Prize，often 10. (refer) to as the Nobel Prize of architecture，which recognized his lifetime contribution to the field.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了著名建筑师贝聿铭的生平、成就以及他对建筑领域的重大影响。
1.whose　考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是architect，指人，关系词与从句中的groundbreaking works and significant impact为所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导从句，在从句中作定语。故填whose。
2.created　考查动词时态。根据句中的lasted和上文的would later earn可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填created。
3.a　考查冠词。固定短语a range of...表示“一系列……”。故填a。
4.designs　考查名词的单复数。根据上文among以及空后are可知，此处表示不止一个设计，应用名词复数形式。故填designs。
5.and　考查连词。固定短语between...and...意为“在……和……之间”。故填and。
6.addition　考查名词。固定短语in addition to...表示“除……之外”。故填addition。
7.to combine　考查非谓语动词。名词ability后常跟动词不定式作定语，the ability to do sth意为“做某事的能力”。故填to combine。
8.functional　考查形容词。空处与beautiful并列，应用形容词functional“实用的”，作表语。故填functional。
9.including　考查介词。结合语意可知，此处表示包括普利兹克建筑奖，应用介词including“包括”。故填including。
10.referred　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语received，空处作非谓语动词，refer与其逻辑主语the Pritzker Architecture Prize之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词形式，表示被动意义。故填referred。