外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册Unit 4 Everyday economics Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas课件

(共83张PPT)
主题语境：人与社会——创新与创业意识
【原文呈现】
What's mine is yours.
[1]We've been told since we were toddlers① that “It's good to share”.Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys，snacks，books，happy memories，and sometimes even sorrows② with others.When we grow up，we share photos，life stories and opinions with people around us and with those we don't know via social media③.[2]Taking it as an object of study，psychologists have published various papers stating that the behaviour of sharing is beneficial to setting up④ positive emotional bonding.
[1]since引导时间状语从句，意为“自……以来”；that引导宾语从句。
[2]Taking it as an object of study为动词-ing形式短语作状语；stating that...为动词-ing形式短语作定语； that引导宾语从句，作stating的宾语。
【词汇积累】
①toddler/'t dl /n.学步的儿童，刚学走路的小孩
②sorrow/'s r /n.令人悲伤的事，不幸
③via social media通过社交媒体
④set up建立；设立
Today，the action of sharing takes on⑤ extra meaning.It's not just about sharing sweets or frustration⑥ ; it has expanded to almost every aspect of our lives—the whole world seems to be into sharing.[3]We are using technology to reduce the money that we spend on goods and services，or to make money out of⑦ those that we don't use ourselves all of the time.These vary from car shares to home shares，and even to pet shares.The sharing economy is taking off⑧ in all sorts of areas.It is creating new ways of thinking and is providing services to people when and where they want them.
[3]本句中两个that均引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词the money和those。
⑤take on呈现；接纳；雇用；承担
take over接管；接收
take up拿起；开始从事；占据(时间，空间)
⑥frustration/fr 'streI ( )n/n.懊丧，懊恼，沮丧
⑦make money out of 靠……挣钱
⑧take off (观念、产品等)突然大受欢迎；迅速流行
This wealth of ways of sharing is a response to⑨ our increasing demand for quality goods and services at competitive prices，all delivered at the click of a button. [4]Whether it's an online shop where we can hire⑩ designer clothes at rock-bottom prices，or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days，it's out there.Whether we're a lender or a borrower，it's a win-win situation ； everyone makes or saves money.We also make connections and sometimes even make new friends.What's more，sharing encourages us to reuse items，thereby [5]cutting down on waste. And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the environment by reducing the number of polluting vehicles on the road.
[4]本句中whether...or...意为“不管……还是……”，where引导定语从句，修饰先行词 an online shop；from which...为“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句，修饰先行词a platform。
[5]cutting down on waste为动词-ing形式短语作状语。
⑨response to对……的回答；对……的反应
⑩hire/haI /v.(短期的)租用，租借
designer clothes名牌服装
rent out出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
a win-win situation双赢的局面
thereby/ e 'baI/adv.因此，由此
cut down on减少，削减；缩小(尺寸、数量或数目)
the number of ……的数目
a number of若干，一些；许多
But the sharing economy is not without its problems.As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity，the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision .Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market，often at the expense of more traditional and established companies.In addition ，the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust.Some people have experienced damage to their properties whilst renting out their homes，and others have found themselves victims of theft or attack [6]while sharing rides.Finally，personal data，the heart of the sharing economy，is not yet secure.Sharing platforms collect personal information about almost every part of our lives，including our names，locations，bank information，and individual preferences for goods and services.
Yet，the technology to prevent such information from leaking or being stolen still needs improvement，and the awareness of potential risks is low among both service providers and users.
[6]while sharing rides为状语从句的省略形式。
as is often the case情况常常如此；这是常有的事
supervision/ su p 'vI ( )n/n.监督；管理
expense/Ik'spens/n.费用，花费
at the expense of 以损害……为代价
in addition另外，此外
[拓展]　in addition to 除……之外(还有，也)；what's more＝besides＝furthermore＝moreover另外，此外
abuse/ 'bju s/n.滥用
theft/θeft/n.偷窃，偷盗
Nonetheless，[7]what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy.It is expanding at such a rate that we can only imagine what it will comprise in the future.What will we be sharing next Who will be sharing and how And the most interesting question of all—what type of society will all this sharing take us to
[7]what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句。
【参考译文】
我的就是你的
我们还在蹒跚学步的时候就被教导“要懂得分享”。父母和老师不断地提醒我们要与他人分享玩具、零食、书籍以及快乐的回忆，有些时候甚至要分享自己的伤心事。我们长大后，会与周围的人或者是社交媒体上不认识的人分享照片、人生经历和观点。心理学家们将分享作为研究的对象，发表了各种各样的论文来说明分享行为有助于建立积极的情感纽带。
如今，分享行为又多了额外的含义。不仅仅是分享糖果或烦恼，分享行为几乎已经扩大到生活的方方面面——整个世界似乎都在分享。我们正在利用科技来减少在商品和服务上的花费，或者用我们一直闲置的物品赚钱：从汽车共享到住房共享，甚至是宠物共享。共享经济正在各个领域红火起来，它创造着新的思维方式，随时随地为有需求的人们提供服务。
我们需要价格有竞争力的优质产品和服务，大量的共享方式是对这种不断增长的需求的回应，现在这些需求都可以通过一键单击来实现。无论是以最低价格出租名牌服装的网店，还是可以把自己的公寓短租几天的平台，都已出现。无论我们是出租者还是租用者，这都是一个双赢的局面；人人都能挣钱，或都能省钱。我们可以建立联系，有时候甚至可以交到新朋友。不仅如此，共享方式鼓励我们将物品再次利用，从而减少浪费。共享单车、共享汽车等计划的实施会进一步保护环境，因为它们减少了行驶在路上的污染排放车辆的数量。
但共享经济并非没有问题。世界上新出现的经济领域通常都是如此，共享经济的发展速度过快，而现有法规和持续监管还未跟上。一些公司正在利用这种情况获取不公平的优势，来扩大市场份额，通常以牺牲已有的更为传统的公司为代价。此外，共享经济容易受到信任滥用的影响。有些人出租房屋时财物遭到破坏，还有人搭顺风车时成为盗窃甚至袭击的受害者。最后一点，个人数据，即共享经济的核心，也并不安全。共享平台收集的个人信息涵盖我们生活的方方面面，包括姓名、位置、银行信息、对商品和服务的个人偏好。然而，防止信息泄露或被盗的技术仍然有待改进，服务方和用户对潜在风险的防范意识也较低。
尽管如此，共享经济无疑正在与我们的日常生活以及全球经济产生越来越密切的联系。它飞速扩张，我们只能想象它将来会包含什么。我们下一个共享的对象是什么？将由谁来共享以及如何共享？最有趣的问题是——这些共享将会带我们进入什么样的社会？
What is the main idea of the passage
A.The sharing economy is with us.
B.The sharing economy's benefits and disadvantages.
C.We should learn to share.
D.Sharing is good for environment.
答案　B
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What does “it” in the sentence “Taking it as an object of study...” mean in the first paragraph
A.An object to study.
B.Sharing.
C.The thing shared with others.
D.Social media.
答案　B
2.What can we learn from paragraph 2
A.The action of sharing is the same way as before.
B.It is only about sharing sweets or frustration.
C.Sharing can reduce the money that we spend on goods and services.
D.Home shares are not supported by the people.
答案　C
3.Which one is the disadvantage of the sharing economy
A.It can reduce waste.
B.It can reduce our demand for goods of high quality.
C.It can lead to information being revealed.
D.It can benefit our environment.
答案　C
4.What is the author's attitude towards the sharing economy
A.Critical. B.Optimistic.
C.Pessimistic. D.Objective.
答案　D
5.How can we deal with the sharing economy's problems
A.We should limit new areas of economic activity.
B.We should not persuade some companies to expand their share of the market.
C.We should try to avoid trading on the platforms.
D.We should improve the technology of the sharing economy.
答案　D
Today, the action of sharing takes on extra meaning. It's not just about sharing sweets or 1. (frustrate)：it has expanded to almost every aspect of our lives—the whole world seems to be into 2. (share).
The sharing economy is taking off in all sorts of areas, It is creating new 3. (way) of thinking and is providing services to people when and where they want them.
This wealth of ways of sharing 4. (be) a response to our increasing demand for quality goods and services at competitive prices, all 5. (deliver) at the click of a button.
frustration
sharing
ways
is
delivered
But the sharing economy is not without its problems. 6. is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity, the sharing economy is developing 7. (fast) than existing regulations or ongoing supervision. Some companies are taking unfair advantage 8. this situation to expand their share of the market. In addition, the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust. Finally, personal data, the heart of the sharing economy, is not yet secure.Nonetheless, what is in no doubt is 9. the sharing economy is 10. (increasing) relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy. The most interesting question of all is what type of society all this sharing will take us to.
As
faster
of
that
increasingly
Ⅰ.阅读词汇
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1.toddler n.　　 A.(女式)钱包
2.thereby adv. B.学步的儿童，刚学走路的小孩
3.purse n. C.因此，由此
答案　1.B　2.C　3.A
Ⅱ.核心词汇
1. v.　　 (短期的)租用，租借
2. n. 滥用
3. n. 偷窃，偷盗
hire
abuse
theft
Ⅲ.拓展词汇
1. n.令人悲伤的事，不幸→sorrowful adj.悲伤的；悲痛的
2. n.懊丧，懊恼，沮丧→frustrate v.使懊丧，使沮丧→frustrated adj.懊丧的；失意的→frustrating adj.令人沮丧的
3. n.监督；管理→supervise v.监督；管理
4. n.费用，花费→expensive adj.昂贵的；价格高的
sorrow
frustration
supervision
expense
Ⅳ.核心短语
1. 　　　　　 对……的回答；对……的反应
2. 减少，削减；砍倒
3. 以损害……为代价
4. 对……有益
5. 出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
6. 情况常常是这样
7. 一按……
8. 以最低价格
9. 进一步促进；再帮个忙
10. 受……影响；受……支配
response to　　　　
cut down on
at the expense of
be beneficial to
rent out
as is often the case
at the click of
at rock-bottom prices
do a further favour
be subject to
Ⅴ.经典句式
1.whether...or...无论……还是……
(无论我们是出租者还是租用者)，it's a win-win situation; everyone makes or saves money.
2.动词-ing形式短语作状语
What's more，sharing encourages us to reuse items， (从而减少浪费).
3.what引导的主语从句
Nonetheless， (毫无疑问的是) the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy.
Whether we're a lender or a borrower
thereby cutting down on waste
what is in no doubt is that
词汇精研
1.sorrow n.[U]悲伤，悲痛；[C]令人悲伤的事，不幸(→sorrowful adj.悲伤的)
[教材原句]　Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys，snacks，books，happy memories，and sometimes even sorrows with others.
父母和老师不断地提醒我们要与他人分享玩具、零食、书籍以及快乐的回忆，有些时候甚至要分享自己的伤心事。
in sorrow　　　　 悲伤地
to one's sorrow 令某人伤心的是
tears of sorrow 悲伤的泪水
share happiness/joys and sorrows 同甘共苦
express one's sorrow at/for/over... 对……表达某人的悲伤
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句式升级
①He said that his decision to resign was made more sorrow than in anger.
②She spoke of her lost dreams in a (sorrow) tone，her voice trembling with regret.(读后续写之情感描写)
③ my great sorrow，one of my friends lost her life in the flood.
④As sorrow came in waves，he sank into the chair，crying his eyes out.(读后续写之情感描写)
→ ，he sank into the chair，crying his eyes out.(with复合结构)
in
sorrowful
To
With sorrow coming in waves
2.frustration n.懊丧，懊恼，沮丧(→frustrate vt.使懊丧；使沮丧→frustrated adj.懊丧的；失意的→frustrating adj.令人懊恼的)
[教材原句]　It's not just about sharing sweets or frustration; it has expanded to almost every aspect of our lives—the whole world seems to be into sharing.
不仅仅是分享糖果或烦恼，分享行为几乎已经扩大到生活的方方面面——整个世界似乎都在分享。
(1)a sense of frustration　　 挫败感
(2)feel frustrated at/with... 对……感到沮丧/懊恼
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I have times when I felt (frustrate) and wished I could get away to anywhere，just to have a look at the scenery for a minute!
②Her heart sank as she felt the weight of (frustrate) bearing down on her.
③Although this can be (frustrate) and disappointing，it turns out that this can actually be good for you.
④一种挫败感涌上我的心头，使我极度懊恼和沮丧。
crowded into me，which made me extremely _______________
.
frustrated
frustration
frustrating
A sense of frustration
frustrated and
depressed
3.expense n.费用，花费(→expensive adj.昂贵的)
[教材原句]　Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market，often at the expense of more traditional and established companies.
一些公司正在利用这种情况获取不公平的优势，来扩大市场份额，通常以牺牲已有的更为传统的公司为代价。
at the expense of　　 以损害……为代价
at one's expense 由某人付费
spare no expense (in doing sth) 不惜费用(做某事)
cut down on one's expenses 节省开支
cover one's daily expenses 支付某人的日常开支
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The Chinese government spares no expense in (preserve) life.
②To save money，she cut down on her daily (expense) by walking to school instead of taking the bus.
③When we ate out，my brother joked，“Don't worry—this meal is my expense！”
④现在越来越多的人意识到我们不应该以牺牲环境为代价来发展经济。(读后续写之环境保护)
Nowadays more and more people have come to realize the fact that we shouldn't develop economy .
preserving
expenses
at
at the expense of the environment
4.cut down on 减少，缩小(尺寸、数量或数目)
[教材原句]　What's more，sharing encourages us to reuse items，thereby cutting down on waste. 不仅如此，共享方式鼓励我们将物品再次利用，从而减少浪费。
cut up　　 切碎；剁碎
cut off 中断；切断；使隔绝
cut in 插嘴；(马达或发动机)发动
cut out 删除；(马达或发动机)突然熄火
cut across 穿过(某地)(尤指抄近路)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句式升级
①He cuts the garden every morning to save time on his way to the library.
②We should all cut down single-use plastics by using reusable bags and bottles，which helps protect marine life.(应用文写作之倡议书)
③She kept cutting on our conversation，which made us very angry.
④The car's engine cut suddenly in the heavy rain，leaving us stuck on the road.
⑤Many trees are being cut down，many animals are being hunted，and our environment is being destroyed.Shouldn't we take measures to make a difference？(应用文写作之演讲稿)
→_____________________________________________________________________
，shouldn't we take measures to make a difference？(with复合结构)
across
on
in
out
With many trees being cut down，many animals being hunted，and our environment being destroyed
5.as is often the case情况常常是这样
[教材原句]　As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity，the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision.
世界上新出现的经济领域通常都是如此，共享经济的发展速度过快，而现有法规和持续监管还未跟上。
in case　　　　　　 以防万一；假使
in no case 决不(置于句首时句子用部分倒装)
in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
in case of 假使，如果
in this/that case 在这种/那种情况下
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句式升级
①Leave a note on the fridge case your parents come home early and wonder where you are.
②The museum is located in the centre of the city.We had better go there on foot in case a traffic jam.
③ is often the case，being addicted to online games makes it hard for you to concentrate on study.(应用文写作之建议信)
④We should in no case go against the law of nature，or we'll suffer a lot.(应用文写作之倡议书)
→ go against the law of nature，or we'll suffer a lot.(倒装句)
in
of
As
In no case should we
句式剖析
whether...or...无论……还是……
[教材原句]　Whether we're a lender or a borrower，it's a win-win situation; everyone makes or saves money.
无论我们是出租者还是租用者，这都是一个双赢的局面；人人都能挣钱，或都能省钱。
(1)whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，引导让步状语从句。另外也可引导名词性从句。
(2)whether or not意为“无论，是否”。
(3)whether to do sth (or not)意为“是否做某事”，常用来作动词宾语。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Whether not the test is easy，you need to prepare carefully.
②They are discussing whether (cancel) the picnic because of the weather.
③我进退两难，因为我真的不知道在问候英国学生时是否要穿中国传统服装。你能给我些建议吗？
I am in a dilemma，because I really have no idea __________________________________
when greeting the British students.Can you give me some advice on that？(应用文写作之求助信)
or
to cancel
whether to wear traditional Chinese dresses
④无论是第一个还是最后一个提供慷慨帮助的人，他们都是我们的英雄，帮助我们的家庭摆脱了困境。(读后续写之主旨升华)
，they are all our heroes，who helped get our family out of trouble.
Whether it is the first person or the last person to offer generous help
一、课文词汇
1.set up positive emotional bonding 建立积极的情感纽带
2.take on extra meaning 赋予额外的意义
3.take off (观念、产品等)突然大受欢迎；迅速流行
4.a win-win situation 双赢的局面
5.cut down on waste 减少浪费
6.prevent such information from leaking or being stolen 防止信息泄露或被盗
7.the awareness of potential risks 对潜在风险的认识
共享经济
二、其他表达
1.develop a sense of responsibility　 培养责任感
2.sustainable development 可持续发展
3.public awareness 公众意识
1
一、课文原句
1.Whether we're a lender or a borrower，it's a win-win situation.
无论我们是出租者还是租用者，这都是一个双赢的局面。
2....others have found themselves victims of theft or attack while sharing rides.
……还有人搭顺风车时成为盗窃甚至袭击的受害者。
3.Nonetheless，what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy.
尽管如此，共享经济无疑正在与我们的日常生活以及全球经济产生越来越密切的联系。
二、其他表达
1.However，renting a piano allows a person to appreciate the tunes and notes of music at a relatively low price.
然而，租一架钢琴可以让人以相对较低的价格欣赏音乐的曲调和音符。
2.If more people share tools or books instead of buying new ones，we can reduce waste and save resources.
如果更多人共享工具或书籍而非购买新品，我们就能减少浪费、节约资源。
3.Car-sharing services not only save costs but also help protect the environment by using fewer cars.
拼车服务不仅能节省费用，还能通过减少车辆使用来保护环境。
1.共享单车在中国许多城市已经成为一种流行的交通方式。
2.毫无疑问，共享单车不仅可以帮助人们省钱，还有助于减少交通堵塞。
Shared bikes have become a popular means of transportation in many Chinese cities.
What is in no doubt is that sharing bikes not only helps people save money but also contributes to reducing traffic jams.
3.总之，我坚信，只要谨慎和创造性地进行，共享钢琴计划将创造双赢局面。
In conclusion，I firmly believe that the sharing-piano scheme will create a win-win situation as long as it is conducted cautiously and creatively.
(满分：62分)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1.I decided that I could never waste my time sorrow and grief in the future.
2. is often the case，we have worked out the production plan.
3.She couldn't stand the (frustrate) of not being able to help.
4.A toddler requires close (supervise) and firm control at all times.
5.There has been no response his remarks from the government.
in
As
frustration
supervision
to
6.The competitors will be subject random drug testing.
7.He cut down coffee and cigarettes，and ate a balanced diet to maintain health.
8.Her online store took after a famous blogger recommended her handmade jewelry.
9.You need money and time; addition，you need diligence.
10.They are worth having but not the expense of better services.
to
on
off
in
at
Ⅱ.完成句子(每小题3分，共12分)
1.你需要注意的是你犯了一个愚蠢的错误。(what引导主语从句)
is that you make a foolish mistake.
2.他从自行车上摔了下来，头撞到了一块大石头。(分词作结果状语)
He fell off the bike， .
3.说到回收利用，我们学校上个月回收了500多个塑料瓶。(speaking of)
，our school collected over 500 plastic bottles last month.
4.无论用手机还是电脑，保护眼睛免受屏幕伤害都很重要。(whether...or...引导让步状语从句)
，protecting your eyes from screens is important.
What you need to pay attention to
hitting his head against a big stone
Speaking of recycling
Whether you use a phone or a computer
Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Moving can be daunting—whether it's to a new city or an entirely new country.The good news Volunteering can be a great way to settle into a new community，meet people，and learn valuable skills.
Kajal Patil moved to the United States from India in February 2017.Having previously volunteered for two years as an assistant yoga teacher in her home country，Kajal was enthusiastic about volunteering and began looking for volunteer opportunities that match her interests on VolunteerMatch.
Kajal was drawn to a volunteer opportunity with the Meridian International Center to review applications on behalf of the Young Leaders of the Americas Initiative (YLAI).YLAI aims to empower Latin American and Caribbean business and social entrepreneurs to transform their societies and contribute more fully to economic development，security，human rights，and good governance.
After connecting with the opportunity and successfully completing the application process，Kajal got to work.Her role involved reviewing 44 in-depth applications from potential candidates across Latin America and the Caribbean for a four-week fellowship in the U.S.She was responsible for describing the business ideas of businesses, and determining the strength of candidates to carry out their plans.
Kajal says that this volunteer opportunity super-charged her existing skills while helping her build new ones such as time management，business analysis，decision-making，planning，and presenting.She is now looking for her next volunteer opportunity and reflects positively on her experience with Meridian International Center.“A new country brings in a lot of new experiences and volunteering helped me to settle into a new environment，”adds Kajal.“By helping others，I felt needed in society.It indeed boosted my self-worth.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Kajal Patil的志愿服务经历。
1.What is a benefit of volunteering according to the first paragraph
A.It offers opportunities to network with influential individuals.
B.It helps people better adapt to new environments.
C.It breathes new life into people's creativity.
D.It promotes a sense of responsibility.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Volunteering can be a great way to settle into a new community...valuable skills.”可知，志愿服务可以帮助人们更好地适应新环境。
2.What is the primary objective of YLAI
A.To boost tourism in Latin American and Caribbean countries.
B.To provide financial support to Latin American and Caribbean students.
C.To develop political relations between Latin American and Caribbean nations.
D.To assist Latin American and Caribbean entrepreneurs in promoting social development.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“YLAI aims to empower ...good governance.”可知，YLAI的主要目的是使拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的企业和企业家有能力推动社会各方面的发展。
3.What was Kajal's responsibility when working with Meridian International Center
A.Organizing fundraising activities.
B.Teaching yoga to fellowship candidates.
C.Planning social events for local entrepreneurs.
D.Reviewing and assessing fellowship applications.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Her role involved reviewing...determining the strength of candidates to carry out their plans.”可知，Kajal在此志愿服务中的职责是审查和评估44位潜在候选人的项目申请。
4.What do Kajal's words in the last paragraph mainly show
A.The challenges of volunteering.
B.The self-improvement through volunteering.
C.The process of finding a volunteer opportunity in the U.S.
D.The importance of using professional skills in volunteering.
解析　B　细节理解题。最后一段阐述了Kajal在志愿活动中取得的各项收获，即通过志愿服务获得的自我成长。
B
Sharing is a good thing，right We are told that it is good for the environment by cutting waste and needless consumption.We encourage it in our children for their moral growth，and when we think of it as a neighborhood activity，we get a glow of warmth.But how many people actually go and ask a neighbor for a cup of sugar
A report，Social Cities，outlines worrying signs about the increase in social isolation (孤立) and loneliness in Australian cities.As one of the ideas for social connection in cities，sharing housing or car resources is listed in the report.
Environmentalist Ted suggests we share more things in his professional writing The Simpler Way，and his call is supported by environmental groups.The Australian Conservation Foundation encourages organized sharing through popular articles such as Give a Little，Take a Little and Join the Free Cycling Sharehood.In these articles，online sharing networks like “The Sharehood” and “Friends with Things” are promoted.These websites make the exchange of goods and services easier.
The idea of The Sharehood has been warmly received by citizens with many people signing up as members，yet very few go on to take advantage of the network.The media has also actively advertised the concept，yet not much actually gets shared.It is interesting that giving the idea of sharing as “the right thing to do” was common among those involved in The Sharehood，as well as those who were not.And most interesting of all，neither group shared more or less than the other.
So why are neighborhood sharing networks failing With so many people willing to share items，generously posting offers to fix computers or lend wheelchairs，what could possibly be going wrong The problem is in our definition (定义) of “sharing”.In practice，sharing is considered to be an act of generosity，rather than the common use or ownership of goods，time，or experience.We are taught as children that sharing is about being generous—no more than that.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了人们普遍认为分享是好事，但共享网络却不能很好地运作的原因
5.What is the idea of sharing listed in the report Social Cities as
A.A result of a cooperative economy.
B.A method of reducing the cost of living.
C.A way to get to know a strange city quickly.
D.A solution to strengthening social links in cities.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“A report，Social Cities，outlines worrying signs about the increase in social isolation and loneliness in Australian cities.As one of the ideas for social connection in cities，sharing housing or car resources is listed in the report.”可知，报告中将共享列为加强城市社会联系的方式。故选D。
6.What can we know from paragraph 3
A.The media overstate the benefits of sharing.
B.Many people have opposite views on sharing.
C.The idea of sharing is well accepted in Australia.
D.Environmentalists are highly respected in Australia.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The idea of The Sharehood has been warmly received by citizens with many people signing up as members，yet very few go on to take advantage of the network.”以及“It is interesting that giving the idea of sharing as ‘the right thing to do’ was common among those involved in The Sharehood，as well as those who were not.”可知，从第三段我们可以知道，分享的理念在澳大利亚被广泛接受。故选C。
7.What has led to the current state of “sharing” according to the author
A.Active participation of environmental groups.
B.People's one-sided understanding of sharing.
C.High public attention to sharing activities.
D.Convenience of online shopping.
解析　B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The problem is in our definition of ‘sharing’.In practice，sharing is considered to be an act of generosity，rather than the common use or ownership of goods，time，or experience.”可知，根据作者的观点，人们对分享的片面理解导致了“分享”的现状。故选B。
8.What can be the best title for the text
A.Why Are Sharing Networks Unsuccessful
B.When Was the Idea of Sharing First Promoted
C.What Inspired the Development of Sharing Economy
D.How Can We Take Advantage of Neighborhood Resources
解析　A　标题归纳题。通读全文内容以及最后一段中“So why are neighborhood sharing networks failing With so many people willing to share items，generously posting offers to fix computers or lend wheelchairs，what could possibly be going wrong？”可知，本文主要探讨了为什么人们普遍认可共享理念，但共享网络却不能顺利运作。A项“为什么共享网络不成功？”最适合作为本文标题。故选A。
Ⅳ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
Since the beginning of my Ph.D.，my life had been packed with activities.Besides working full time on my own research，I 1 my colleagues' experiments by helping with tasks like data analysis.I attended every course that I could，believing my ability to 2 a tight schedule was a measure of my 3 .
However，behind my busyness lay an undeniable truth—I was burned out.My attention was 4 —I couldn't put my best work into all the 5 .
Then after a major error in my research paper，a colleague came and 6 ，“You need to raise your working approach，but more importantly，you need to 7 .” I took his advice.I purchased a separate work phone，which I would leave 8 in the evenings.I also started to set clear 9 around my work hours and became more 10 about the projects I took on.
Initially，I felt I was doing something that might 11 my career.But my priorities became clearer as I took more time to 12 and reflect on my work. 13 ，I realized I really liked writing the thesis and put more time and effort into them.Ultimately，this 14 made me more productive.
Creating space for yourself isn't a sign of 15 ； it's a way to focus on what truly matters to you.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者读博士期间，因忙碌于各项事务导致精力耗尽，在同事的建议下开始调整工作方式，通过设定界限和选择性工作，最终提升效率的经历。
1.A.graded　 B.aided
C.funded D.scheduled
解析　B　根据下文“by helping with tasks like data analysis”可知，作者通过帮忙做数据分析等任务来协助同事的实验。故选B。
2.A.assign B.manage
C.delay D.decline
解析　B　根据句意以及“believing my ability to _______ a tight schedule”可知，作者相信自己安排紧凑日程的能力。故选B。
3.A.patience B.competence
C.knowledge D.ambition
解析　B　根据句意以及上文“believing my ability to_____a tight schedule was a measure of my”可知，作者认为自己安排紧凑日程的能力是衡量自己能力的一个标准。故选B。
4.A.drawn B.focused
C.divided D.directed
解析　C　根据上文“I was burned out.”以及下文“I couldn't put my best work into...”可知，作者精力耗尽，注意力分散，无法全身心投入任务中。故选C。
5.A.achievements B.courses
C.rewards D.tasks
解析　D　根据上文“Besides working full time on my own research”以及“I couldn't put my best work into...”可知，作者注意力分散，不能把最好的工作状态投入任务中。故选D。
6.A.ordered B.blamed
C.suggested D.investigated
解析　C　根据“You need to raise your working approach，but more importantly，you need to...”可知，同事过来建议作者。故选C。
7.A.slow down B.hang on
C.cheer up D.fight back
解析　A　根据上文“I was burned out.”可知，作者之前过于忙碌导致精力耗尽，所以同事建议他慢下来。故选A。
8.A.untouched B.uncharged
C.unpaid D.unlocked
解析　A　根据句意以及“I purchased a separate work phone，which I would leave
______ in the evenings.”可知，作者买了一部专用的工作手机，晚上让它不被使用，即不处理工作事务。故选A。
9.A.guidelines B.deadlines
C.goals D.boundaries
解析　D　根据上文提到作者晚上不使用工作手机，以及下文“around my work hours”可知，作者开始为自己的工作时间设定明确的界限。故选D。
10.A.selective B.curious
C.confident D.anxious
解析　A　根据上文提到设定工作界限，以及下文“about the projects I took on”可知，作者对自己承担的项目变得更有选择性。故选A。
11.A.launch B.improve
C.affect D.lengthen
解析　C　根据下文“reflect on my work”可知，作者一开始觉得自己做的这些改变(设定界限、有选择性等)可能会影响自己的职业生涯。故选C。
12.A.research B.experiment
C.breathe D.battle
解析　C　根据“my priorities became clearer as I took more time to____and reflect on my work”可知，作者花更多时间放松并反思自己的工作，breathe意为“放松，调整状态”。故选C。
13.A.For instance B.In addition
C.By contrast D.As always
解析　A　根据下文“I realized I really liked writing the thesis and put more time and effort into them”可知，这是对前面“my priorities became clearer”的举例说明。故选A。
14.A.belief B.training
C.purchase D.change
解析　D　根据上文作者做出的一系列改变可知，这种改变让作者更高效。故选D。
15.A.showing off B.breaking down
C.fading away D.falling behind
解析　D　根据下文“it's a way to focus on what truly matters to you”可知，给自己留出空间不是落后的标志，而是专注于真正重要事情的一种方式。故选D。