外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册Unit 4 Everyday economics Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas课件
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| 名称 | 外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册Unit 4 Everyday economics Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas课件 |
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| 格式 | ppt | ||
| 文件大小 | 8.5MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-02-23 00:00:00 | ||
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(共99张PPT)
主题语境：人与社会——创新与创业意识
WORKING OUT WHAT YOU WANT TO DO
One of the most effective① ways to get some insight on a possible career path is to complete② a “career aptitude③ test”.The results of the test will tell you about your strengths④ and interests，and some tests also suggest careers that you may be suited to.Having this information will provide you with a better chance of finding a job you like.There are many free tests online，so give one a try.Getting a head start in considering your future career may help you for the rest of your life.[1]You don't want to look back in years to come and say，“I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.”
There are many different kinds of career aptitude tests.Some ask questions about your personal⑤ interests and attitudes.Others focus more on⑥ asking you to rate different kinds of work scenarios⑦，like working as a librarian or a lawyer.Of course，while completing these sorts of tests，it is very important to be honest—and don't worry—there are no right or wrong answers.
[2]The career suggestions are also based on your education and experience level，but you can look at higher-level careers as well，which is very useful for high school students.For example，you could look at the basic careers to see what work you might like now，and then look at the more advanced⑧ careers so you know what you may like to aim for in the future.
In conclusion⑨，career aptitude tests are clearly a very useful tool.However，it is important to remember that they are only meant for guidance.The secret to a good career is finding something that you are passionate⑩ about.So try a few tests online and start thinking about your future career right now!
词汇积累 佳句背诵
①effective adj.有效的；实际的
②complete v.完成；结束
③aptitude n.天资；天赋
④strength n.力量；长处，优势
⑤personal adj.个人的，私人的
⑥focus on 集中于
⑦scenario n.设想；方案；预测
⑧advanced adj.先进的；高级的
⑨in conclusion 总之；最后
⑩passionate adj.热诚的，狂热的 [1]You don't want to look back in years to come and say，“I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.”(wish后的宾语从句中使用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望)
你不会想在以后的岁月里回望过去时说：“要是当时我能对我想做的事情多考虑考虑就好了。”
[2]The career suggestions are also based on your education and experience level，but you can look at higher-level careers as well，which is very useful for high school students.(which引导非限制性定语从句)
职业建议也基于你的教育和经验水平，但是你也可以看看更高层次的职业，这对高中生非常有用。
【原文呈现】
Business Blossoms
As she spoke，Zhang Yue put her hands behind her back to hide that they were shaking.[1]She couldn't，however，hide the line of sweat running down her forehead①，which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio，but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her. They stared back，[2]their blank② faces giving no clue as to③ what they would say next.Feeling dizzy④，Zhang Yue took a deep breath⑤as she struggled to finish her presentation，“And [3]that is why I need your help in turning my new and exciting business into⑥a successful one.”
[1]running down her forehead为动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰the line of sweat; which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the line of sweat。
[2]独立主格结构作状语。
[3]why引导的表语从句。
【词汇积累】
①forehead/'f rId/n.额，前额
②blank/bl k/adj.无表情的，木然的
blankly adv.茫然地；毫无表情地
③as to至于，关于
④dizzy/'dIzi/adj.头晕目眩的
⑤take a deep breath深呼吸
⑥turn...into...把……变成……
Now chairwoman⑦of her own company，Zhang Yue is fond of⑧ saying，“The early bird catches the worm.” The place where this happens is a valley，a world away from any television studio.Moving carefully through the darkness，she passes row upon row⑨of rose plants.In an hour，these fields will be full of⑩people，working quickly to pick the flowers before sunrise .“It has to be done then，”says Zhang.“These flowers are delicate.”
⑦chairwoman/'t e w m n/n.女主席；女会长 chairman n.主席，会长；董事长
Chairman of Students' Union学生会主席
⑧be fond of喜爱；喜欢
⑨row upon row鳞次栉比；一排排的
⑩be full of充满 be filled with充满
sunrise/'s nraIz/n.日出(时分)；黎明；拂晓
Zhang never thought that this was something she would end up doing .Surrounded by roses as she was growing up，she paid them little attention.[4]It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential .“Conditions are ideal here，” she says.“This is a place where roses grow wild.”
[4]强调句型，其结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...”。
end up doing以做……而告终；最后发展为
end up with以……结束
graduate from毕业于
potential/p 'ten ( )l/n.(事物的)潜力，可能性
Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses，which surprised many people.“I wanted to experience the freedom of being my own boss，” she said.“But I also wanted to give something back to my home town.[5]As people say，‘It takes a village to raise a child.’”
[5]as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”。
She is not the only young person to have been bitten by the start-up bug .All over the world，an increasing number of enterprising young people are thinking of starting their own businesses，as the growing economy creates more opportunities.Like Zhang，they present their ideas in the hope of getting investment and advice，and they have the same passion and devotion.The majority meet with rejection.A few，like Zhang Yue，find themselves lucky enough to get investment and the all-important input and support from more experienced business people.The road to their success is however still a long and difficult one，with many challenges along the way.
bug/b ɡ/n.突然的兴趣，迷恋
enterprising/'ent praIzI /adj.有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的
in the hope of抱着……希望
meet with遭遇(某事)；经历，体验
input/'Inp t/n.投入(物)
output n.输出；输出量；产量
As someone who grew up in the country，Zhang already knew about growing plants.However，like any entrepreneur who was just starting out ，she still had a lot to learn.She has overcome a number of obstacles in nursing her business to the success it is today.“The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me，which was totally outside my experience.Few in the village believed I could create a multi-million yuan business from flowers，”says Zhang.“After I went on TV，a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its distribution .It was only then that the locals began to believe me.Now my product is one of the best in Asia.This year，I can pay all my fellow workers a decent bonus .”
grow up成长；长大
start out开始从事，着手(某工作)，从业
obstacle/' bst k( )l/n.障碍，阻碍，妨碍
phase/feIz/n.阶段，时期
manufacturer/ m nj 'f kt ( )r /n.
制造商；制造公司，制造厂
cosmetics/k z'metIks/n.化妆品，美容品
purchase/'p t s/v.购买
distribution/ dIstrI'bju ( )n/n.(商品的)分销，经销
bonus/'b n s/n.奖金；红利
[拓展]wage n.工资，工钱；salary n.薪金，薪水；income n.收入，收益
Seeing her peers who also dream of success and independence，Zhang has mixed feelings.[6]Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit，she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.
[6]Though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”；that引导宾语从句，作advises的宾语。
entrepreneurial/ ntr pr 'n ri l/ adj.创业的，具有创业精神的
guidance/'ɡaId( )ns/n.指导，引导
consultant/k n's lt nt/n.顾问
“I love running my own business，but it's not for everyone，” says Zhang.“To succeed in business，you need more than a good idea，hard work and determination.[7]What really matters is a sound business plan，access to capital，and good management and negotiating skills.Most of all，don't be too ambitious.You should know your own limits and those of the people you work with.For young people who have little life experience，that can be a challenge.”
[7]what引导主语从句。
more than多于；超出
less than小于；少于
【参考译文】
创业之花
发言时，张悦把手藏在背后，以掩饰双手的颤抖。但她无法掩饰从额头淌下的一行汗水。这一部分是由于电视演播室里有些热，但更多的则是由于她害怕坐在她面前的四个人。他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。张悦感到一阵眩晕，做了个深呼吸，然后努力完成她的陈述，“这就是为什么我需要你们的帮助，使这个全新的、激动人心的创业项目获得成功。”
张悦现在是自己公司的总裁，她总喜欢说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”她创业的地点在一个山谷里，这是一个远离任何电视演播室的世界。她小心地在黑暗中穿行，经过一排又一排的玫瑰植株。一小时后就会有许多人来到这里，趁着日出前的时间快速采摘玫瑰花。“必须在那个时候采。”张悦说，“这些花是很娇嫩的。”
张悦以前从未想过自己会做这一行。她从小到大，到处都是玫瑰，她很少注意到它们。直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，才意识到这里的潜力。“这里的条件非常理想。”她说，“这里适合玫瑰自然生长。”
因此，张悦决定回到家乡，开始种植玫瑰，这让很多人感到惊讶。“我想体验自己当老板的自由。”她说，“同时我也想回报我的家乡。有句话说得好：‘养育一个孩子需要整个村庄的力量。’”
她并不是唯一一个被创业所吸引的年轻人。在世界各地，经济的不断增长创造了更多的机会，越来越多有事业心的年轻人开始考虑自己创业。像张悦一样，他们表达自己的想法，希望以此获得投资和建议。而且，他们也拥有同样的热情和为事业奉献的决心。他们中的大多数会遭到拒绝，但包括张悦在内的少数人会非常幸运地获得投资，并从更有经验的商界人士那里获得非常关键的投入和支持。不过他们的成功之路仍然漫长而艰难，一路上会遇到许多挑战。
作为一个在农村长大的人，张悦已经比较了解作物种植。不过，跟所有刚起步的企业家一样，她要学的还有很多。为了取得今天的成就，她精心打理生意，克服了许多障碍。“在初始阶段，最大的挑战就是说服人们来为我工作，这完全超出了我的经验范围。村里几乎没人相信我能从花卉生意中赚到几百万元。”张悦说，“我上了电视后，一家亚洲大型化妆品制造商表示愿意购买我的产品并且帮忙分销。直到那时本地人才开始相信我。现在我提供的是亚洲最好的产品之一。今年，我可以给我的同事们发一笔丰厚的奖金了。”
看到同龄人也梦想着成功和独立，张悦的心情很复杂。尽管她希望看到新的创业精神的涌现，但她也建议他们要现实一些，在仓促行事之前先寻求专业顾问的指导。
“我热爱经营自己的生意，但不是每个人都适合做这个。”张悦说，“要想在事业上取得成功，你需要的不仅仅是好的理念、勤奋和决心。真正重要的是一个合理的商业计划，获得资金的渠道，以及良好的管理和谈判技巧。最重要的是，不要野心太大。你得知道自己的极限，还有与你共事的人的极限。对于缺乏生活经验的年轻人来说，这可能是个挑战。”
1.What is the theme of the passage about
A.Zhang Yue's entrepreneurial experience.
B.The interview with Zhang Yue.
C.The development of rose cause.
D.Entrepreneurship and challenges.
答案 A
2.Choose the main idea of each part.
A.Zhang Yue's current success and background.
B.Zhang Yue's nervousness before the speech.
C.Advice and reflections for aspiring entrepreneurs.
D.The broader entrepreneurial context and challenges.
Part 1(Para.1)：___________
Part 2(Paras.2－4)： ___________
Part 3(Paras.5－6)： ___________
Part 4(Paras.7－8)： ___________
B
A
D
C
Choose the best answers according to the passage.
1.What is the purpose of paragraph 1
A.To introduce Zhang Yue's presentation.
B.To encourage readers to help Zhang Yue.
C.To explain why Zhang Yue sweated heavily.
D.To stress the difficulty Zhang Yue overcame.
答案 D
2.What made Zhang Yue return to her home town and grow roses
A.Her parents' request.
B.A deep affection for roses.
C.The beautiful scenery of her home town.
D.Her desire to give back to her home town.
答案 D
3.What was Zhang Yue's biggest difficulty at the beginning of her business
A.Few villagers wanted to work for her.
B.Her rose planting experience was limited.
C.There wasn't much ideal space for growing roses.
D.She didn't get enough investment in her business.
答案 A
4.What can we learn from Zhang Yue's story
A.Failure teaches success.
B.Education is the key to success.
C.Be realistic when pursuing goals.
D.Start your own business as early as possible.
答案 C
1.They stared back, their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next.
[句式分析] 本句为复合句。句中their blank faces giving no clue为 结构作状语；what引导 从句。
[自主翻译] ____________________________________________________________
独立主格
宾语
他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。
2.Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit，she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.
[句式分析] 本句为复合句。though引导 从句，意为“尽管”；that引导___ 从句，作advises的宾语；before rushing into things为时间状语从句的省略句式。
[自主翻译] ______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
让步状语
宾语
尽管她希望看到新的创业精神的涌现，但她也建议他们要现实一些，在仓促行事之前先寻求专业顾问的指导。
Zhang Yue is the chairwoman of her own company which grows roses in a village.It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents 1.____ Zhang Yue realised the potential.Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses，2. surprised many people.Few in the village 3. (believe) she could create a multi-million yuan business from flowers.Moving 4. (careful) through the darkness，she works on row upon row 5. rose plants before sunrise everyday.6. (feel) dizzy in the television studio，Zhang struggled to finish her presentation for investment.After she went on TV，a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing 7. (purchase) her product and help with its distribution.
that
which
believed
carefully
of
Feeling
to purchase
Now her product is one of the best in Asia.Seeing an 8. (increase) number of enterprising young people，Zhang has mixed feelings.She advises that people be realistic and seek 9. (guide) from expert consultants before rushing into things.The road 10. their success is still a long and difficult one，with many challenges along the way.
increasing
guidance
to
1.What are the characteristics of a feature story (创造性思维)
_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________
2.What do you think has contributed to Zhang Yue's success？(批判性思维)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
feature story is told in the third person; a feature story can include personal profiles and human-interest stories and get to the heart of the subject；a feature story uses quotes throughout the body to give the subject voice.
In my opinion，she is passionate and devoted，has a good idea and works hard with a strong determination，all of which contribute to her success.
Ⅰ.阅读词汇
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1.forehead n. A.化妆品，美容品
2.chairwoman n. B.制造商；制造公司，制造厂
3.bug n. C.阶段，时期
4.input n. D.投入(物)
5.phase n. E.额，前额
6.manufacturer n. F.突然的兴趣，迷恋
7.cosmetics n. G.女主席；女会长
答案 1.E 2.G 3.F 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.A
Ⅱ.核心词汇
1. adj. 无表情的，木然的
2. adj. 头晕目眩的
3. n. 日出(时分)；黎明；拂晓
4. n. 障碍，阻碍，妨碍
5. v. 购买
6. n. 奖金；红利
blank
dizzy
sunrise
obstacle
purchase
bonus
Ⅲ.拓展词汇
1. n.(事物的)潜力，可能性 adj.潜在的；可能的→potentially adv.可能地；潜在地
2. adj.有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的→enterprise n.企业；事业；进取心；事业心→ adj.创业的，具有创业精神的
3. n.(商品的)分销，经销→distribute v.(有计划的)分发，分配
4. n.指导，引导→guide v.引路；指导 n.指南；手册；向导
5. n.顾问→consult v.商量；请教；查阅；咨询
potential
enterprising
entrepreneurial
distribution
guidance
consultant
Ⅳ.核心短语
1. 深呼吸
2. 喜欢
3. 最终成为；最后处于
4. 希望……
5. 远离……的世界
6. 一排排
7. 至于，关于
8. 对做某事非常感兴趣，着了迷
9. 启程，动身
10. 向……寻求指导
take a deep breath
be fond of
end up
in the hope of
a world away from...
row upon row
as to
be bitten by the...bug
start out
seek guidance from...
Ⅴ.经典句式
1.独立主格结构
They stared back， (他们面无表情让人根本看不出) as to what they would say next.
2.强调句型
________________________________________________________________________
(直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时) Zhang realised the potential.
their blank faces giving no clue
It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that
3.advise后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit，she advises __________________
____________________________________(他们要现实一些，寻求专业顾问的指导)before rushing into things.
that people be realistic
and seek guidance from expert consultants
1.blank adj.无表情的，木然的；空白的 n.空白，空格
[教材原句] They stared back，their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next. 他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。
(1)go blank (脑子里)突然一片空白；出现空白(指没有图像、文字等)
blank expression/face 茫然的表情/面孔
blank form/page/check 空白表格/页/支票
(2)fill in/out the blank(s) 填空
词汇精研
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Please fill the blanks in this application form with your personal information.
②老师突然提问时，我脑子一片空白，仿佛忘光了所有内容。
When the teacher asked me a question suddenly，my mind ，as if I had forgotten everything.
③当被问到一个复杂的问题时，他一脸茫然地回头看，不知道该怎么回答。
When asked a complex question，he stared back ，unsure how to respond.
in/out
went blank
with a blank expression
2.potential n.(事物的)潜力，可能性 adj.可能的；潜在的(→potentially adv.可能地；潜在地)
[教材原句] It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential.
直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，才意识到这里的潜力。
(1)have the potential to do sth 有潜力做某事
achieve/fulfill/realise one's potential 发挥某人的潜能
the potential for (doing)sth (做)某事的可能性/潜力
(2)potential benefits/problems 潜在的好处/问题
potential danger/risk 潜在的危害/风险
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The activity offers the potential deepening the understanding of Chinese traditional culture.
②I believe I have the potential (drive) environmental awareness as a volunteer.
③You need to enlarge your Chinese vocabulary，thus (potential) helping you better fit into the class.(应用文写作之建议信)
④许多人花费数年时间寻找一条理想的职业道路，以发挥自己的潜力。
Many people spend years searching for an ideal career path that allows them to _________
.
for
to drive
potentially
fulfill/realise their potential
achieve/
3.guidance n.指导，引导(→guide vt.引路；指导 n.指南；手册；向导)
[教材原句] Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit，she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.
尽管她希望看到新的创业精神的涌现，但她也建议他们要现实一些，在仓促行事之前先寻求专业顾问的指导。
(1)under sb's guidance(＝under the guidance of sb) 在某人的指导下
(2)guide sb to... 引导某人到……(to为介词)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
① It was she that guided the blind man the gateway to the building.
②(2025·全国一卷)“You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘ (guide)’ till they lose，” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
③在你的指导下，我的英语水平比以前提高了，在英语口语竞赛中获得了第一名。(应用文写作之感谢信)
→ ，I have had a better command of English than before and have achieved the first prize in the English speech contest.(guide)
→ ，I have had a better command of English than before and have achieved the first prize in the English speech contest.(guidance)
to
guidance
With you guiding me
Under your guidance
4.consultant n.顾问(→consult v.咨询；请教；商量；查阅；参看)
[教材原句] Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit，she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.
尽管她希望看到新的创业精神的涌现，但她也建议他们要现实一些，在仓促行事之前先寻求专业顾问的指导。
consult sb about/on sth 向某人咨询/请教某事
consult with sb about/on sth 就某事与某人商量
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He often goes to my office to consult me the method of learning English.
②I was working as a (consult) in a beer company，helping the president with something important.
③ (consult) my teacher，I made up my mind to major in English.
④I need to consult my parents about whether I can join the school trip next week.
⑤你最好不要每次遇到生词都查字典。(应用文写作之建议信)
You'd better not every time you come across a new word.
about/on
consultant
Having consulted
with
consult/refer to a dictionary
[温馨提示] (1)consult作“请教；咨询；查阅”解时，多用作及物动词；作“商量”解时，多用作不及物动词，后跟with sb，意为“和某人商量”。
(2)关于“查字典”的表达有consult a dictionary，refer to a dictionary，look up...in a dictionary等。
5.take a deep breath深呼吸
[教材原句] Feeling dizzy，Zhang Yue took a deep breath as she struggled to finish her presentation，“And that is why I need your help in turning my new and exciting business into a successful one.”
张悦感到一阵眩晕，做了个深呼吸，然后努力完成她的陈述，“这就是为什么我需要你们的帮助，使这个全新的、激动人心的创业项目获得成功。”
(1)hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
out of breath 上气不接下气
lose one's breath 喘不过气来
catch one's breath 喘口气
(2)breathe in 吸气，吸入(气体)
breathe out 呼气，呼出(气体)
breathe a sigh of relief 松了一口气
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①We were bathed in the sun and breathed the sweet scent of fresh flowers.(读后续写之场景描写)
②When it was my turn，I took deep breath and began to recite the phrases I remembered.
③她屏住呼吸慢慢转动钥匙，希望门不会发出吱呀声。(读后续写之动作描写)
She and slowly turned the key，hoping the door wouldn't creak.
④(2025·浙江1月卷)男人愣了一下，但当他看到那个瘦弱的男孩时，他松了一口气。
The man froze for a second, but when he saw the skinny boy he .
in
a
held her breath
breathed a sigh of relief
1.独立主格结构
[教材原句] They stared back，their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next.
他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。
their blank faces giving no clue 为“逻辑主语＋动词-ing形式”的独立主格结构。独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。该结构一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。常见的独立主格结构：
(1)名词/代词＋名词
(2)名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语
(3)名词/代词＋动词-ing形式/过去分词/不定式
句式剖析
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Her eyes (sparkle) with joy，she hugged her long-lost friend.
②Her feet (freeze) in place，she stared in horror at the shadow moving in the dark.
③Plenty of groceries (buy)，they decided to go to the supermarket after work.
④晚餐已摆上桌，一家人围坐在一起，分享当天的趣事。
，the family gathered around，sharing stories of the day.
sparkling
frozen
to buy
Dinner on the table
2.强调句型
[教材原句] It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential.
直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，才意识到这里的潜力。
教材原句为强调句型，强调时间状语only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents。
(1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？
(4)not...until...结构的强调句型：It is/was not until...that...；not until位于句首时，句子使用部分倒装。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级
①It was when I read his letter I realized what had happened.
②It was my mother planted many vegetables in the backyard last year.
③正是这些障碍和困难使我们变得坚强，并为生活中更大的挑战做好准备。(读后续写之主旨升华)
make us strong and get prepared for the greater challenges in our life.
that
who/that
It is these obstacles and difficulties that
④I wasn't aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened until I experienced the accident.(读后续写之主旨升华)
→ bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(倒装句)
→ bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(强调句)
Not until I experienced the accident was I aware that
It was not until I experienced the accident that I was aware that
一、课文词汇
1.take a deep breath 深呼吸
2.graduate from university 大学毕业
3.be bitten by the start-up bug 被创业所吸引
4.meet with rejection 遭到拒绝
5.overcome a number of obstacles 克服许多障碍
6.mixed feelings 复杂的心情
职业规划
二、其他表达
1.be eager to succeed 渴望成功
2.gain valuable insights into various career options 深入了解各种职业选择
3.understand one's own interests and strengths 了解自己的兴趣和优势
4.make full preparations for为……做好充分准备
1
一、课文原句
1.As she spoke，Zhang Yue put her hands behind her back to hide that they were shaking.
发言时，张悦把手藏在背后，以掩饰双手的颤抖。
2.She couldn't，however，hide the line of sweat running down her forehead，which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio，but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her.
但她无法掩饰从额头淌下的一行汗水。这一部分是由于电视演播室里有些热，但更多的则是由于她害怕坐在她面前的四个人。
3.Feeling dizzy，Zhang Yue took a deep breath as she struggled to finish her presentation.
张悦感到一阵眩晕，做了个深呼吸，然后努力完成她的陈述。
4.Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses，which surprised many people.
因此，张悦决定回到家乡，开始种植玫瑰，这让很多人感到惊讶。
二、其他表达
1.Only when you spare no effort can you make great achievements.
只有当你不遗余力时，你才能获得大的成就。
2.As long as we are prepared for the future career，we will live up to our youthful days.
只要我们为未来的职业生涯做好准备，我们就不会辜负年轻的时光。
1.要为未来的职业生涯做好充分准备，我们首先需要知道我们想成为什么样的人，并找出实现它的方法。
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
2.正是坚持和耐心帮助我克服了通往成功道路上的各种困难。
________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
To make full preparations for the future career，we first need to know what we want to be and figure out the ways to achieve it.
It is persistence and patience that helped me overcome various difficulties on the path to success.
3.我已经写了申请信和简历，并附在了附件里。
_________________________________________________________________________
I have written my application letter and my resume，which are enclosed in the attachment.
(满分：65分)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1.Pupils will need careful (guide) on their choice of options.
2.The key focus of the marketing mix will be on price and (distribute).
3.A style (consult) will demonstrate how to dress to impress.
4.A series of advanced instruments for experimental teaching (purchase)，and the teaching environment was most comprehensively improved.
5. (manufacture) are working on a new generation of cheaper digital radios.
guidance
distribution
consultant
were purchased
Manufacturers
6.As Jack，I believe he wouldn't have said anything like that.
7.My friend Alex called me up and said that he'd (bite) by the travel bug.
8.He was studying the hope of being admitted to an engineering college.
9.If you feel yourself getting stressed，take deep breath，and collect yourself.
10.They are also required to turn land forest and take care of it.
to
been bitten
in
a
into
Ⅱ.完成句子(每小题3分，共15分)
1.玛丽一直盯着手机，直到老师拍了拍她的肩膀她才意识到老师正站在她面前。(强调句)
With her eyes glued to the phone，_________________________________________________
Mary realized he was standing in front of her.
2.他跳起来，跑去喊他的妈妈，眼睛闪着光。(独立主格结构)
He jumped to his feet and ran to call his mother， .
3.我读了你对学校英语报的改革方案，那就是为什么我写信发表观点。(why引导表语从句)
I read about your reform of the school English newspaper，and I'm writing to voice my opinion.
it was not until the teacher patted her on the shoulder that
his eyes twinkling
that's why
4.面对这些困难，许多学生发现自己不能在学习上全神贯注。(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
Faced with these difficulties，many students to pay full attention to their studies.
5.正如今天的报纸所宣布的，我们必须改进我们的工作作风。(as引导非限制性定语从句)
，we must improve our style of work.
find themselves unable
As is announced in today's newspaper
Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Tired of underpaid jobs and inconvenient hours，three entrepreneurial McLean teens decided to start their own company.
Their new company，TeenServ，aims to solve teenage unemployment with a platform that matches students and community members who need short-term assistance with various tasks.Through TeenServ，residents sign up to post jobs they need done.Teens signed up to work can choose to accept a job depending on their schedules and work preferences.Website users can pick up shifts wherever and whenever they want，making it convenient for hectic schedules.
A year ago，Jack Lannin，Quin Frew and Ben Jeannot worked as lifeguards at a local pool.Lannin told Tysons Reporter that they were upset when a pay change “almost cut their salary in half”， and they wanted to find another job but there were few options.Then they came up with the idea for TeenServ.“Aside from getting a real job，refereeing (担任裁判) sports，or yard work，there isn't really a good way to make money，” Lannin said，adding that even becoming a referee requires a significant start-up cost for teens—around $70—to pay for training and a uniform.
They started out by going door to door and asking community members if they would pay teens fair wages for short-term yard work.Soon enough，they began gathering opportunities.With help from an entrepreneurship class at McLean High School and feedback from teens，the students were able to turn their idea into a reality.So far，the website has employed more than 200 teens，according to Lannin.TeenServ pays students up to $ 18 per hour—well above Virginia's minimum wage of $ 7.25.
The business is focused on mostly McLean for now，but TeenServ's owners hope to expand around Fairfax County.That involves building up a base of teen workers before allowing residents to post jobs elsewhere in the county.After all，if residents need time-specific jobs done，they can't be the ones waiting.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了三个麦克莱恩的青少年在厌倦了低薪和上班时间不便利的工作之后，决定创办自己的公司的故事，该公司旨在为社区的青少年提供更多的兼职和就业岗位。
1.What is TeenServ's goal
A.To increase the number of teen workers.
B.To help teens decide on their future career.
C.To encourage teens to start their own business.
D.To connect community employers to local teens.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Their new company，TeenServ，aims to...to post jobs they need done.”可知，TeenServ的目的是帮助将社区雇主与当地青少年联系起来。故选D。
2.What does the underlined word “hectic” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Regular. B.Flexible.
C.Traditional. D.Busy.
解析 D 词义猜测题。根据上文中的“Their new company...to post jobs they need done.”以及本句中的“Website users can pick up shifts wherever and whenever they want”可知，网站用户可以随时随地轮班，为繁忙的日程安排提供便利。D选项“busy”意为“忙碌的”，与画线单词意思相近。故选D。
3.What problem did the three founders come across last year
A.They failed to find a part-time job.
B.They received a significant pay cut.
C.They obtained little funding for their start-up.
D.They lost a game due to a referee's unfair decision.
解析 B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A year ago，Jack Lannin...when a pay change‘almost cut their salary in half’”可知，去年他们所遇到的问题是：薪酬几乎减半。故选B。
4.What do the three owners plan to do
A.Create more time-specific jobs.
B.Raise Virginia's minimum wage.
C.Grow their business outside of McLean.
D.Allow McLean residents to post jobs elsewhere.
解析 C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The business is focused on mostly McLean for now，but TeenServ's owners hope to expand around Fairfax County.”可知，公司业务主要集中在麦克莱恩，但是他们希望扩大业务至其他地区。故选C。
B
Every day，people make dozens of choices about how to assign mental effort and where to focus.The decisions we make appear to underrate the importance of attention，according to a study by researchers including Chicago Booth's Eric Zwick.
The “rational inattention” theory assumes that people fully understand the consequences of，say，looking through the social media instead of writing that important report — and that we choose where and how best to put our attention.To test it，the researchers ran two experiments.
For the first experiment，they asked 1，400 US students in an online computer programming class to complete three 15-minute programming lessons each week.The students were rewarded monetarily for completing the lessons，with a randomized range of bonuses between $1 and $5.To help make completing the tasks easier，the researchers offered students a plan-making tool to block out three 15-minute windows on their online calendars.
The researchers found that students who used the tool were more likely to complete the tasks and get the financial reward，but adoption of the tool depended on the incentives. As the incentives for completing the weekly lessons increased，so did the tool-adoption rate.This makes sense：the more you get out of doing something，the more likely you are to invest in making sure you complete the task.However，more participants should have used the planning tool，according to the theory.The fact that they didn't led researchers to conclude that participants undervalued it.
In the second experiment，the researchers offered financial bonuses to 2，300 participants to complete an online survey.The catch The survey would be sent to them between two days and six weeks.To help participants complete the survey and earn their bonuses of $3－$12，the researchers offered to send a set of three reminder emails，checking participants' willingness to pay for them.But as in the first experiment，they found that participants undervalued the reminders.
The findings can be applied to many aspects of what Zwick calls today's “distraction economy.” “If people aren't efficiently distributing their attention and dealing with all these distractions，we need to think about interventions to help them get closer to what they could ideally be doing，” says Zwick.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一项研究探讨了人们在注意力分配上的决策，强调通过经济激励和工具帮助提升注意力的价值，指出改善人们在现代“干扰经济”中有效管理注意力的重要性。
5.What is the focus of this study
A.Distractions in our daily life.
B.Our greatest attention width.
C.Our attention distribution choices.
D.Methods of making reasonable decisions.
解析 C 细节理解题。第一段介绍了本研究的重点：人们每天面临关于如何部署精力和在何处集中注意力的选择，表明研究关注的是注意力如何被分配和使用。
6.What does “incentives” underlined in paragraph 4 refer to
A.Good habits.
B.Financial rewards.
C.Programming lessons.
D.Windows on online calendars.
解析 B 词义猜测题。根据第四段的内容可知，研究人员发现，使用该工具的学生更有可能完成任务并获得经济奖励，但使用该工具的程度依赖于“incentives”。随着完成每周课程的“incentives”增加，使用工具的比例也随之上升。这是合理的：你从某项活动中获得的收益越多，你越可能投入精力确保完成任务。此处获得的收益指的就是“金钱奖励”。
7.What do the study results suggest about the “rational inattention” theory
A.It is suitable to young people.
B.It is very limitedly reliable.
C.It needs time to take effect.
D.It is undervalued to some extent.
解析 B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的最后两句及第五段中的最后一句可知，根据“理性疏忽”理论，应该有更多的参与者使用规划工具，但实际上并没有，这表明参与者没有充分认识到规划工具的价值。也就是说，参与者没能很好地分配自己的注意力，这与理论的预测存在差异，暗示了理论在解释实际行为时非常局限。
8.What does Zwick intend to do in the last paragraph
A.To make a suggestion.
B.To explain a concept.
C.To express a regret.
D.To leave a question.
解析 A 细节理解题。Zwick在最后一段中提到需要考虑干预措施来帮助人们更有效地分配注意力，这是一种建议。
Ⅳ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
Sue was at the bus stop waiting to catch the bus home after a busy day at college.Hamilton，her classmate，came to the bus stop and noticed Sue looking a bit 1 .
“Hello Sue，is there something wrong？” Hamilton asked.“As part of my 2 ，Mr Mitton has 3 some sort of work experience for people with disabilities，but it didn't sound exciting to me，” replied Sue.“Doing something 4 ，as part of your course，really 5 your mental health.I've done some voluntary work myself.I have ever helped an eight-year-old boy who was extremely shy.But with my help he 6 came out of his 7 and was able to 8 with other kids，” said Hamilton， 9 Sue a photo of the boy enjoying himself in a club activity.
Sue felt 10 .She decided to give her work experience a go.The first day came for Sue's voluntary work at the nearby centre.Slowly，as the weeks passed，Sue started to 11 it.She felt it meaningful to see how much she had 12 herself as well as helping someone to grow and explore，and to keep company with the people who often felt 13 .
At the beginning of the new spring term.Sue met Hamilton in the campus.“What a lovely surprise，” said Sue.“Thank you for your 14 .I followed what you said and 15 some different things.The work experience was great，not only for me but I felt I really made a difference.”
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Sue在同学的鼓励下参与志愿工作并从中获得成长与感动的故事。
1.A.happy B.annoyed
C.upset D.scared
解析 C 根据下文“but it didn't sound exciting to me”可知，Sue对Mitton先生安排的工作体验不感兴趣，所以这里是看起来心烦意乱。故选C。
2.A.project B.course
C.survey D.exam
解析 B 根据下文“as part of your course”可知，这里是说课程的一部分。故选B。
3.A.shared B.improved
C.obtained D.arranged
解析 D 根据下文“some sort of work experience for people with disabilities”可知，Mitton先生安排了工作体验的课程。故选D。
4.A.different B.strange
C.old D.formal
解析 A 根据下文“I've done some voluntary work myself.”可知，Hamilton认为做些不同的事情对心理健康有好处。故选A。
5.A.assesses B.measures
C.restores D.benefits
解析 D 根据下文“your mental health”及“I've done some voluntary work myself.”可知，Hamilton认为做些不同的事情对心理健康有好处。故选D。
6.A.awkwardly B.hardly
C.creatively D.gradually
解析 D 根据下文“came out of his ______ and was able to ________ with other kids”及“the boy enjoying himself in a club activity”可知，在Hamilton的帮助下，男孩慢慢改变，是一个逐渐的过程。故选D。
7.A.room B.shell
C.club D.bag
解析 B 根据上文“who was extremely shy”可知，那个男孩非常害羞，come out of one's shell表示“不再羞怯，愿意与人攀谈”，符合句意。故选B。
8.A.argue B.compete
C.communicate D.survive
解析 C 根据下文“with other kids”及“the boy enjoying himself in a club activity”可知，那个男孩在Hamilton的帮助下能够和其他孩子交流了。故选C。
9.A.showing B.lending
C.mailing D.selling
解析 A 根据下文“Sue a photo of the boy enjoying himself in a club activity”可知，Hamilton给Sue看了那个男孩的照片。故选A。
10.A.surprised B.touched
C.relaxed D.confused
解析 B 根据下文“She decided to give her work experience a go.”可知，Sue决定去尝试工作经历，由此可知，她被Hamilton的话和经历感动了。故选B。
11.A.enjoy B.consider
C.doubt D.summarize
解析 A 根据下文“She felt it meaningful”可知，Sue开始喜欢上这份工作了。故选A。
12.A.valued B.accepted
C.recovered D.changed
解析 D 根据下文“herself as well as helping someone to grow and explore”可知，Sue觉得自己在这份工作中发生了变化，同时也帮助了别人。故选D。
13.A.lonely B.shy
C.lucky D.proud
解析 A 根据上文“to keep company with the people”可知，Sue陪伴的是那些经常感到孤独的人。故选A。
14.A.love B.responsibility
C.advice D.friendship
解析 C 根据上文Hamilton给Sue的建议以及下文“I followed what you said”可知，Sue感谢Hamilton的建议。故选C。
15.A.quit B.tried
C.studied D.recorded
解析 B 根据上文“She decided to give her work experience a go.”可知，Sue尝试了一些不同的事情，并且觉得这次工作体验很棒。故选B。
主题语境：人与社会——创新与创业意识
WORKING OUT WHAT YOU WANT TO DO
One of the most effective① ways to get some insight on a possible career path is to complete② a “career aptitude③ test”.The results of the test will tell you about your strengths④ and interests，and some tests also suggest careers that you may be suited to.Having this information will provide you with a better chance of finding a job you like.There are many free tests online，so give one a try.Getting a head start in considering your future career may help you for the rest of your life.[1]You don't want to look back in years to come and say，“I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.”
There are many different kinds of career aptitude tests.Some ask questions about your personal⑤ interests and attitudes.Others focus more on⑥ asking you to rate different kinds of work scenarios⑦，like working as a librarian or a lawyer.Of course，while completing these sorts of tests，it is very important to be honest—and don't worry—there are no right or wrong answers.
[2]The career suggestions are also based on your education and experience level，but you can look at higher-level careers as well，which is very useful for high school students.For example，you could look at the basic careers to see what work you might like now，and then look at the more advanced⑧ careers so you know what you may like to aim for in the future.
In conclusion⑨，career aptitude tests are clearly a very useful tool.However，it is important to remember that they are only meant for guidance.The secret to a good career is finding something that you are passionate⑩ about.So try a few tests online and start thinking about your future career right now!
词汇积累 佳句背诵
①effective adj.有效的；实际的
②complete v.完成；结束
③aptitude n.天资；天赋
④strength n.力量；长处，优势
⑤personal adj.个人的，私人的
⑥focus on 集中于
⑦scenario n.设想；方案；预测
⑧advanced adj.先进的；高级的
⑨in conclusion 总之；最后
⑩passionate adj.热诚的，狂热的 [1]You don't want to look back in years to come and say，“I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.”(wish后的宾语从句中使用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望)
你不会想在以后的岁月里回望过去时说：“要是当时我能对我想做的事情多考虑考虑就好了。”
[2]The career suggestions are also based on your education and experience level，but you can look at higher-level careers as well，which is very useful for high school students.(which引导非限制性定语从句)
职业建议也基于你的教育和经验水平，但是你也可以看看更高层次的职业，这对高中生非常有用。
【原文呈现】
Business Blossoms
As she spoke，Zhang Yue put her hands behind her back to hide that they were shaking.[1]She couldn't，however，hide the line of sweat running down her forehead①，which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio，but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her. They stared back，[2]their blank② faces giving no clue as to③ what they would say next.Feeling dizzy④，Zhang Yue took a deep breath⑤as she struggled to finish her presentation，“And [3]that is why I need your help in turning my new and exciting business into⑥a successful one.”
[1]running down her forehead为动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰the line of sweat; which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the line of sweat。
[2]独立主格结构作状语。
[3]why引导的表语从句。
【词汇积累】
①forehead/'f rId/n.额，前额
②blank/bl k/adj.无表情的，木然的
blankly adv.茫然地；毫无表情地
③as to至于，关于
④dizzy/'dIzi/adj.头晕目眩的
⑤take a deep breath深呼吸
⑥turn...into...把……变成……
Now chairwoman⑦of her own company，Zhang Yue is fond of⑧ saying，“The early bird catches the worm.” The place where this happens is a valley，a world away from any television studio.Moving carefully through the darkness，she passes row upon row⑨of rose plants.In an hour，these fields will be full of⑩people，working quickly to pick the flowers before sunrise .“It has to be done then，”says Zhang.“These flowers are delicate.”
⑦chairwoman/'t e w m n/n.女主席；女会长 chairman n.主席，会长；董事长
Chairman of Students' Union学生会主席
⑧be fond of喜爱；喜欢
⑨row upon row鳞次栉比；一排排的
⑩be full of充满 be filled with充满
sunrise/'s nraIz/n.日出(时分)；黎明；拂晓
Zhang never thought that this was something she would end up doing .Surrounded by roses as she was growing up，she paid them little attention.[4]It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential .“Conditions are ideal here，” she says.“This is a place where roses grow wild.”
[4]强调句型，其结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...”。
end up doing以做……而告终；最后发展为
end up with以……结束
graduate from毕业于
potential/p 'ten ( )l/n.(事物的)潜力，可能性
Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses，which surprised many people.“I wanted to experience the freedom of being my own boss，” she said.“But I also wanted to give something back to my home town.[5]As people say，‘It takes a village to raise a child.’”
[5]as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”。
She is not the only young person to have been bitten by the start-up bug .All over the world，an increasing number of enterprising young people are thinking of starting their own businesses，as the growing economy creates more opportunities.Like Zhang，they present their ideas in the hope of getting investment and advice，and they have the same passion and devotion.The majority meet with rejection.A few，like Zhang Yue，find themselves lucky enough to get investment and the all-important input and support from more experienced business people.The road to their success is however still a long and difficult one，with many challenges along the way.
bug/b ɡ/n.突然的兴趣，迷恋
enterprising/'ent praIzI /adj.有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的
in the hope of抱着……希望
meet with遭遇(某事)；经历，体验
input/'Inp t/n.投入(物)
output n.输出；输出量；产量
As someone who grew up in the country，Zhang already knew about growing plants.However，like any entrepreneur who was just starting out ，she still had a lot to learn.She has overcome a number of obstacles in nursing her business to the success it is today.“The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me，which was totally outside my experience.Few in the village believed I could create a multi-million yuan business from flowers，”says Zhang.“After I went on TV，a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its distribution .It was only then that the locals began to believe me.Now my product is one of the best in Asia.This year，I can pay all my fellow workers a decent bonus .”
grow up成长；长大
start out开始从事，着手(某工作)，从业
obstacle/' bst k( )l/n.障碍，阻碍，妨碍
phase/feIz/n.阶段，时期
manufacturer/ m nj 'f kt ( )r /n.
制造商；制造公司，制造厂
cosmetics/k z'metIks/n.化妆品，美容品
purchase/'p t s/v.购买
distribution/ dIstrI'bju ( )n/n.(商品的)分销，经销
bonus/'b n s/n.奖金；红利
[拓展]wage n.工资，工钱；salary n.薪金，薪水；income n.收入，收益
Seeing her peers who also dream of success and independence，Zhang has mixed feelings.[6]Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit，she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.
[6]Though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”；that引导宾语从句，作advises的宾语。
entrepreneurial/ ntr pr 'n ri l/ adj.创业的，具有创业精神的
guidance/'ɡaId( )ns/n.指导，引导
consultant/k n's lt nt/n.顾问
“I love running my own business，but it's not for everyone，” says Zhang.“To succeed in business，you need more than a good idea，hard work and determination.[7]What really matters is a sound business plan，access to capital，and good management and negotiating skills.Most of all，don't be too ambitious.You should know your own limits and those of the people you work with.For young people who have little life experience，that can be a challenge.”
[7]what引导主语从句。
more than多于；超出
less than小于；少于
【参考译文】
创业之花
发言时，张悦把手藏在背后，以掩饰双手的颤抖。但她无法掩饰从额头淌下的一行汗水。这一部分是由于电视演播室里有些热，但更多的则是由于她害怕坐在她面前的四个人。他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。张悦感到一阵眩晕，做了个深呼吸，然后努力完成她的陈述，“这就是为什么我需要你们的帮助，使这个全新的、激动人心的创业项目获得成功。”
张悦现在是自己公司的总裁，她总喜欢说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”她创业的地点在一个山谷里，这是一个远离任何电视演播室的世界。她小心地在黑暗中穿行，经过一排又一排的玫瑰植株。一小时后就会有许多人来到这里，趁着日出前的时间快速采摘玫瑰花。“必须在那个时候采。”张悦说，“这些花是很娇嫩的。”
张悦以前从未想过自己会做这一行。她从小到大，到处都是玫瑰，她很少注意到它们。直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，才意识到这里的潜力。“这里的条件非常理想。”她说，“这里适合玫瑰自然生长。”
因此，张悦决定回到家乡，开始种植玫瑰，这让很多人感到惊讶。“我想体验自己当老板的自由。”她说，“同时我也想回报我的家乡。有句话说得好：‘养育一个孩子需要整个村庄的力量。’”
她并不是唯一一个被创业所吸引的年轻人。在世界各地，经济的不断增长创造了更多的机会，越来越多有事业心的年轻人开始考虑自己创业。像张悦一样，他们表达自己的想法，希望以此获得投资和建议。而且，他们也拥有同样的热情和为事业奉献的决心。他们中的大多数会遭到拒绝，但包括张悦在内的少数人会非常幸运地获得投资，并从更有经验的商界人士那里获得非常关键的投入和支持。不过他们的成功之路仍然漫长而艰难，一路上会遇到许多挑战。
作为一个在农村长大的人，张悦已经比较了解作物种植。不过，跟所有刚起步的企业家一样，她要学的还有很多。为了取得今天的成就，她精心打理生意，克服了许多障碍。“在初始阶段，最大的挑战就是说服人们来为我工作，这完全超出了我的经验范围。村里几乎没人相信我能从花卉生意中赚到几百万元。”张悦说，“我上了电视后，一家亚洲大型化妆品制造商表示愿意购买我的产品并且帮忙分销。直到那时本地人才开始相信我。现在我提供的是亚洲最好的产品之一。今年，我可以给我的同事们发一笔丰厚的奖金了。”
看到同龄人也梦想着成功和独立，张悦的心情很复杂。尽管她希望看到新的创业精神的涌现，但她也建议他们要现实一些，在仓促行事之前先寻求专业顾问的指导。
“我热爱经营自己的生意，但不是每个人都适合做这个。”张悦说，“要想在事业上取得成功，你需要的不仅仅是好的理念、勤奋和决心。真正重要的是一个合理的商业计划，获得资金的渠道，以及良好的管理和谈判技巧。最重要的是，不要野心太大。你得知道自己的极限，还有与你共事的人的极限。对于缺乏生活经验的年轻人来说，这可能是个挑战。”
1.What is the theme of the passage about
A.Zhang Yue's entrepreneurial experience.
B.The interview with Zhang Yue.
C.The development of rose cause.
D.Entrepreneurship and challenges.
答案 A
2.Choose the main idea of each part.
A.Zhang Yue's current success and background.
B.Zhang Yue's nervousness before the speech.
C.Advice and reflections for aspiring entrepreneurs.
D.The broader entrepreneurial context and challenges.
Part 1(Para.1)：___________
Part 2(Paras.2－4)： ___________
Part 3(Paras.5－6)： ___________
Part 4(Paras.7－8)： ___________
B
A
D
C
Choose the best answers according to the passage.
1.What is the purpose of paragraph 1
A.To introduce Zhang Yue's presentation.
B.To encourage readers to help Zhang Yue.
C.To explain why Zhang Yue sweated heavily.
D.To stress the difficulty Zhang Yue overcame.
答案 D
2.What made Zhang Yue return to her home town and grow roses
A.Her parents' request.
B.A deep affection for roses.
C.The beautiful scenery of her home town.
D.Her desire to give back to her home town.
答案 D
3.What was Zhang Yue's biggest difficulty at the beginning of her business
A.Few villagers wanted to work for her.
B.Her rose planting experience was limited.
C.There wasn't much ideal space for growing roses.
D.She didn't get enough investment in her business.
答案 A
4.What can we learn from Zhang Yue's story
A.Failure teaches success.
B.Education is the key to success.
C.Be realistic when pursuing goals.
D.Start your own business as early as possible.
答案 C
1.They stared back, their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next.
[句式分析] 本句为复合句。句中their blank faces giving no clue为 结构作状语；what引导 从句。
[自主翻译] ____________________________________________________________
独立主格
宾语
他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。
2.Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit，she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.
[句式分析] 本句为复合句。though引导 从句，意为“尽管”；that引导___ 从句，作advises的宾语；before rushing into things为时间状语从句的省略句式。
[自主翻译] ______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
让步状语
宾语
尽管她希望看到新的创业精神的涌现，但她也建议他们要现实一些，在仓促行事之前先寻求专业顾问的指导。
Zhang Yue is the chairwoman of her own company which grows roses in a village.It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents 1.____ Zhang Yue realised the potential.Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses，2. surprised many people.Few in the village 3. (believe) she could create a multi-million yuan business from flowers.Moving 4. (careful) through the darkness，she works on row upon row 5. rose plants before sunrise everyday.6. (feel) dizzy in the television studio，Zhang struggled to finish her presentation for investment.After she went on TV，a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing 7. (purchase) her product and help with its distribution.
that
which
believed
carefully
of
Feeling
to purchase
Now her product is one of the best in Asia.Seeing an 8. (increase) number of enterprising young people，Zhang has mixed feelings.She advises that people be realistic and seek 9. (guide) from expert consultants before rushing into things.The road 10. their success is still a long and difficult one，with many challenges along the way.
increasing
guidance
to
1.What are the characteristics of a feature story (创造性思维)
_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________
2.What do you think has contributed to Zhang Yue's success？(批判性思维)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
feature story is told in the third person; a feature story can include personal profiles and human-interest stories and get to the heart of the subject；a feature story uses quotes throughout the body to give the subject voice.
In my opinion，she is passionate and devoted，has a good idea and works hard with a strong determination，all of which contribute to her success.
Ⅰ.阅读词汇
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1.forehead n. A.化妆品，美容品
2.chairwoman n. B.制造商；制造公司，制造厂
3.bug n. C.阶段，时期
4.input n. D.投入(物)
5.phase n. E.额，前额
6.manufacturer n. F.突然的兴趣，迷恋
7.cosmetics n. G.女主席；女会长
答案 1.E 2.G 3.F 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.A
Ⅱ.核心词汇
1. adj. 无表情的，木然的
2. adj. 头晕目眩的
3. n. 日出(时分)；黎明；拂晓
4. n. 障碍，阻碍，妨碍
5. v. 购买
6. n. 奖金；红利
blank
dizzy
sunrise
obstacle
purchase
bonus
Ⅲ.拓展词汇
1. n.(事物的)潜力，可能性 adj.潜在的；可能的→potentially adv.可能地；潜在地
2. adj.有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的→enterprise n.企业；事业；进取心；事业心→ adj.创业的，具有创业精神的
3. n.(商品的)分销，经销→distribute v.(有计划的)分发，分配
4. n.指导，引导→guide v.引路；指导 n.指南；手册；向导
5. n.顾问→consult v.商量；请教；查阅；咨询
potential
enterprising
entrepreneurial
distribution
guidance
consultant
Ⅳ.核心短语
1. 深呼吸
2. 喜欢
3. 最终成为；最后处于
4. 希望……
5. 远离……的世界
6. 一排排
7. 至于，关于
8. 对做某事非常感兴趣，着了迷
9. 启程，动身
10. 向……寻求指导
take a deep breath
be fond of
end up
in the hope of
a world away from...
row upon row
as to
be bitten by the...bug
start out
seek guidance from...
Ⅴ.经典句式
1.独立主格结构
They stared back， (他们面无表情让人根本看不出) as to what they would say next.
2.强调句型
________________________________________________________________________
(直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时) Zhang realised the potential.
their blank faces giving no clue
It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that
3.advise后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit，she advises __________________
____________________________________(他们要现实一些，寻求专业顾问的指导)before rushing into things.
that people be realistic
and seek guidance from expert consultants
1.blank adj.无表情的，木然的；空白的 n.空白，空格
[教材原句] They stared back，their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next. 他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。
(1)go blank (脑子里)突然一片空白；出现空白(指没有图像、文字等)
blank expression/face 茫然的表情/面孔
blank form/page/check 空白表格/页/支票
(2)fill in/out the blank(s) 填空
词汇精研
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Please fill the blanks in this application form with your personal information.
②老师突然提问时，我脑子一片空白，仿佛忘光了所有内容。
When the teacher asked me a question suddenly，my mind ，as if I had forgotten everything.
③当被问到一个复杂的问题时，他一脸茫然地回头看，不知道该怎么回答。
When asked a complex question，he stared back ，unsure how to respond.
in/out
went blank
with a blank expression
2.potential n.(事物的)潜力，可能性 adj.可能的；潜在的(→potentially adv.可能地；潜在地)
[教材原句] It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential.
直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，才意识到这里的潜力。
(1)have the potential to do sth 有潜力做某事
achieve/fulfill/realise one's potential 发挥某人的潜能
the potential for (doing)sth (做)某事的可能性/潜力
(2)potential benefits/problems 潜在的好处/问题
potential danger/risk 潜在的危害/风险
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The activity offers the potential deepening the understanding of Chinese traditional culture.
②I believe I have the potential (drive) environmental awareness as a volunteer.
③You need to enlarge your Chinese vocabulary，thus (potential) helping you better fit into the class.(应用文写作之建议信)
④许多人花费数年时间寻找一条理想的职业道路，以发挥自己的潜力。
Many people spend years searching for an ideal career path that allows them to _________
.
for
to drive
potentially
fulfill/realise their potential
achieve/
3.guidance n.指导，引导(→guide vt.引路；指导 n.指南；手册；向导)
[教材原句] Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit，she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.
尽管她希望看到新的创业精神的涌现，但她也建议他们要现实一些，在仓促行事之前先寻求专业顾问的指导。
(1)under sb's guidance(＝under the guidance of sb) 在某人的指导下
(2)guide sb to... 引导某人到……(to为介词)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
① It was she that guided the blind man the gateway to the building.
②(2025·全国一卷)“You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘ (guide)’ till they lose，” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
③在你的指导下，我的英语水平比以前提高了，在英语口语竞赛中获得了第一名。(应用文写作之感谢信)
→ ，I have had a better command of English than before and have achieved the first prize in the English speech contest.(guide)
→ ，I have had a better command of English than before and have achieved the first prize in the English speech contest.(guidance)
to
guidance
With you guiding me
Under your guidance
4.consultant n.顾问(→consult v.咨询；请教；商量；查阅；参看)
[教材原句] Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit，she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.
尽管她希望看到新的创业精神的涌现，但她也建议他们要现实一些，在仓促行事之前先寻求专业顾问的指导。
consult sb about/on sth 向某人咨询/请教某事
consult with sb about/on sth 就某事与某人商量
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He often goes to my office to consult me the method of learning English.
②I was working as a (consult) in a beer company，helping the president with something important.
③ (consult) my teacher，I made up my mind to major in English.
④I need to consult my parents about whether I can join the school trip next week.
⑤你最好不要每次遇到生词都查字典。(应用文写作之建议信)
You'd better not every time you come across a new word.
about/on
consultant
Having consulted
with
consult/refer to a dictionary
[温馨提示] (1)consult作“请教；咨询；查阅”解时，多用作及物动词；作“商量”解时，多用作不及物动词，后跟with sb，意为“和某人商量”。
(2)关于“查字典”的表达有consult a dictionary，refer to a dictionary，look up...in a dictionary等。
5.take a deep breath深呼吸
[教材原句] Feeling dizzy，Zhang Yue took a deep breath as she struggled to finish her presentation，“And that is why I need your help in turning my new and exciting business into a successful one.”
张悦感到一阵眩晕，做了个深呼吸，然后努力完成她的陈述，“这就是为什么我需要你们的帮助，使这个全新的、激动人心的创业项目获得成功。”
(1)hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
out of breath 上气不接下气
lose one's breath 喘不过气来
catch one's breath 喘口气
(2)breathe in 吸气，吸入(气体)
breathe out 呼气，呼出(气体)
breathe a sigh of relief 松了一口气
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①We were bathed in the sun and breathed the sweet scent of fresh flowers.(读后续写之场景描写)
②When it was my turn，I took deep breath and began to recite the phrases I remembered.
③她屏住呼吸慢慢转动钥匙，希望门不会发出吱呀声。(读后续写之动作描写)
She and slowly turned the key，hoping the door wouldn't creak.
④(2025·浙江1月卷)男人愣了一下，但当他看到那个瘦弱的男孩时，他松了一口气。
The man froze for a second, but when he saw the skinny boy he .
in
a
held her breath
breathed a sigh of relief
1.独立主格结构
[教材原句] They stared back，their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next.
他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。
their blank faces giving no clue 为“逻辑主语＋动词-ing形式”的独立主格结构。独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。该结构一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。常见的独立主格结构：
(1)名词/代词＋名词
(2)名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语
(3)名词/代词＋动词-ing形式/过去分词/不定式
句式剖析
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Her eyes (sparkle) with joy，she hugged her long-lost friend.
②Her feet (freeze) in place，she stared in horror at the shadow moving in the dark.
③Plenty of groceries (buy)，they decided to go to the supermarket after work.
④晚餐已摆上桌，一家人围坐在一起，分享当天的趣事。
，the family gathered around，sharing stories of the day.
sparkling
frozen
to buy
Dinner on the table
2.强调句型
[教材原句] It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential.
直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，才意识到这里的潜力。
教材原句为强调句型，强调时间状语only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents。
(1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？
(4)not...until...结构的强调句型：It is/was not until...that...；not until位于句首时，句子使用部分倒装。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级
①It was when I read his letter I realized what had happened.
②It was my mother planted many vegetables in the backyard last year.
③正是这些障碍和困难使我们变得坚强，并为生活中更大的挑战做好准备。(读后续写之主旨升华)
make us strong and get prepared for the greater challenges in our life.
that
who/that
It is these obstacles and difficulties that
④I wasn't aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened until I experienced the accident.(读后续写之主旨升华)
→ bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(倒装句)
→ bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(强调句)
Not until I experienced the accident was I aware that
It was not until I experienced the accident that I was aware that
一、课文词汇
1.take a deep breath 深呼吸
2.graduate from university 大学毕业
3.be bitten by the start-up bug 被创业所吸引
4.meet with rejection 遭到拒绝
5.overcome a number of obstacles 克服许多障碍
6.mixed feelings 复杂的心情
职业规划
二、其他表达
1.be eager to succeed 渴望成功
2.gain valuable insights into various career options 深入了解各种职业选择
3.understand one's own interests and strengths 了解自己的兴趣和优势
4.make full preparations for为……做好充分准备
1
一、课文原句
1.As she spoke，Zhang Yue put her hands behind her back to hide that they were shaking.
发言时，张悦把手藏在背后，以掩饰双手的颤抖。
2.She couldn't，however，hide the line of sweat running down her forehead，which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio，but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her.
但她无法掩饰从额头淌下的一行汗水。这一部分是由于电视演播室里有些热，但更多的则是由于她害怕坐在她面前的四个人。
3.Feeling dizzy，Zhang Yue took a deep breath as she struggled to finish her presentation.
张悦感到一阵眩晕，做了个深呼吸，然后努力完成她的陈述。
4.Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses，which surprised many people.
因此，张悦决定回到家乡，开始种植玫瑰，这让很多人感到惊讶。
二、其他表达
1.Only when you spare no effort can you make great achievements.
只有当你不遗余力时，你才能获得大的成就。
2.As long as we are prepared for the future career，we will live up to our youthful days.
只要我们为未来的职业生涯做好准备，我们就不会辜负年轻的时光。
1.要为未来的职业生涯做好充分准备，我们首先需要知道我们想成为什么样的人，并找出实现它的方法。
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
2.正是坚持和耐心帮助我克服了通往成功道路上的各种困难。
________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
To make full preparations for the future career，we first need to know what we want to be and figure out the ways to achieve it.
It is persistence and patience that helped me overcome various difficulties on the path to success.
3.我已经写了申请信和简历，并附在了附件里。
_________________________________________________________________________
I have written my application letter and my resume，which are enclosed in the attachment.
(满分：65分)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1.Pupils will need careful (guide) on their choice of options.
2.The key focus of the marketing mix will be on price and (distribute).
3.A style (consult) will demonstrate how to dress to impress.
4.A series of advanced instruments for experimental teaching (purchase)，and the teaching environment was most comprehensively improved.
5. (manufacture) are working on a new generation of cheaper digital radios.
guidance
distribution
consultant
were purchased
Manufacturers
6.As Jack，I believe he wouldn't have said anything like that.
7.My friend Alex called me up and said that he'd (bite) by the travel bug.
8.He was studying the hope of being admitted to an engineering college.
9.If you feel yourself getting stressed，take deep breath，and collect yourself.
10.They are also required to turn land forest and take care of it.
to
been bitten
in
a
into
Ⅱ.完成句子(每小题3分，共15分)
1.玛丽一直盯着手机，直到老师拍了拍她的肩膀她才意识到老师正站在她面前。(强调句)
With her eyes glued to the phone，_________________________________________________
Mary realized he was standing in front of her.
2.他跳起来，跑去喊他的妈妈，眼睛闪着光。(独立主格结构)
He jumped to his feet and ran to call his mother， .
3.我读了你对学校英语报的改革方案，那就是为什么我写信发表观点。(why引导表语从句)
I read about your reform of the school English newspaper，and I'm writing to voice my opinion.
it was not until the teacher patted her on the shoulder that
his eyes twinkling
that's why
4.面对这些困难，许多学生发现自己不能在学习上全神贯注。(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
Faced with these difficulties，many students to pay full attention to their studies.
5.正如今天的报纸所宣布的，我们必须改进我们的工作作风。(as引导非限制性定语从句)
，we must improve our style of work.
find themselves unable
As is announced in today's newspaper
Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Tired of underpaid jobs and inconvenient hours，three entrepreneurial McLean teens decided to start their own company.
Their new company，TeenServ，aims to solve teenage unemployment with a platform that matches students and community members who need short-term assistance with various tasks.Through TeenServ，residents sign up to post jobs they need done.Teens signed up to work can choose to accept a job depending on their schedules and work preferences.Website users can pick up shifts wherever and whenever they want，making it convenient for hectic schedules.
A year ago，Jack Lannin，Quin Frew and Ben Jeannot worked as lifeguards at a local pool.Lannin told Tysons Reporter that they were upset when a pay change “almost cut their salary in half”， and they wanted to find another job but there were few options.Then they came up with the idea for TeenServ.“Aside from getting a real job，refereeing (担任裁判) sports，or yard work，there isn't really a good way to make money，” Lannin said，adding that even becoming a referee requires a significant start-up cost for teens—around $70—to pay for training and a uniform.
They started out by going door to door and asking community members if they would pay teens fair wages for short-term yard work.Soon enough，they began gathering opportunities.With help from an entrepreneurship class at McLean High School and feedback from teens，the students were able to turn their idea into a reality.So far，the website has employed more than 200 teens，according to Lannin.TeenServ pays students up to $ 18 per hour—well above Virginia's minimum wage of $ 7.25.
The business is focused on mostly McLean for now，but TeenServ's owners hope to expand around Fairfax County.That involves building up a base of teen workers before allowing residents to post jobs elsewhere in the county.After all，if residents need time-specific jobs done，they can't be the ones waiting.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了三个麦克莱恩的青少年在厌倦了低薪和上班时间不便利的工作之后，决定创办自己的公司的故事，该公司旨在为社区的青少年提供更多的兼职和就业岗位。
1.What is TeenServ's goal
A.To increase the number of teen workers.
B.To help teens decide on their future career.
C.To encourage teens to start their own business.
D.To connect community employers to local teens.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Their new company，TeenServ，aims to...to post jobs they need done.”可知，TeenServ的目的是帮助将社区雇主与当地青少年联系起来。故选D。
2.What does the underlined word “hectic” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Regular. B.Flexible.
C.Traditional. D.Busy.
解析 D 词义猜测题。根据上文中的“Their new company...to post jobs they need done.”以及本句中的“Website users can pick up shifts wherever and whenever they want”可知，网站用户可以随时随地轮班，为繁忙的日程安排提供便利。D选项“busy”意为“忙碌的”，与画线单词意思相近。故选D。
3.What problem did the three founders come across last year
A.They failed to find a part-time job.
B.They received a significant pay cut.
C.They obtained little funding for their start-up.
D.They lost a game due to a referee's unfair decision.
解析 B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A year ago，Jack Lannin...when a pay change‘almost cut their salary in half’”可知，去年他们所遇到的问题是：薪酬几乎减半。故选B。
4.What do the three owners plan to do
A.Create more time-specific jobs.
B.Raise Virginia's minimum wage.
C.Grow their business outside of McLean.
D.Allow McLean residents to post jobs elsewhere.
解析 C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The business is focused on mostly McLean for now，but TeenServ's owners hope to expand around Fairfax County.”可知，公司业务主要集中在麦克莱恩，但是他们希望扩大业务至其他地区。故选C。
B
Every day，people make dozens of choices about how to assign mental effort and where to focus.The decisions we make appear to underrate the importance of attention，according to a study by researchers including Chicago Booth's Eric Zwick.
The “rational inattention” theory assumes that people fully understand the consequences of，say，looking through the social media instead of writing that important report — and that we choose where and how best to put our attention.To test it，the researchers ran two experiments.
For the first experiment，they asked 1，400 US students in an online computer programming class to complete three 15-minute programming lessons each week.The students were rewarded monetarily for completing the lessons，with a randomized range of bonuses between $1 and $5.To help make completing the tasks easier，the researchers offered students a plan-making tool to block out three 15-minute windows on their online calendars.
The researchers found that students who used the tool were more likely to complete the tasks and get the financial reward，but adoption of the tool depended on the incentives. As the incentives for completing the weekly lessons increased，so did the tool-adoption rate.This makes sense：the more you get out of doing something，the more likely you are to invest in making sure you complete the task.However，more participants should have used the planning tool，according to the theory.The fact that they didn't led researchers to conclude that participants undervalued it.
In the second experiment，the researchers offered financial bonuses to 2，300 participants to complete an online survey.The catch The survey would be sent to them between two days and six weeks.To help participants complete the survey and earn their bonuses of $3－$12，the researchers offered to send a set of three reminder emails，checking participants' willingness to pay for them.But as in the first experiment，they found that participants undervalued the reminders.
The findings can be applied to many aspects of what Zwick calls today's “distraction economy.” “If people aren't efficiently distributing their attention and dealing with all these distractions，we need to think about interventions to help them get closer to what they could ideally be doing，” says Zwick.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一项研究探讨了人们在注意力分配上的决策，强调通过经济激励和工具帮助提升注意力的价值，指出改善人们在现代“干扰经济”中有效管理注意力的重要性。
5.What is the focus of this study
A.Distractions in our daily life.
B.Our greatest attention width.
C.Our attention distribution choices.
D.Methods of making reasonable decisions.
解析 C 细节理解题。第一段介绍了本研究的重点：人们每天面临关于如何部署精力和在何处集中注意力的选择，表明研究关注的是注意力如何被分配和使用。
6.What does “incentives” underlined in paragraph 4 refer to
A.Good habits.
B.Financial rewards.
C.Programming lessons.
D.Windows on online calendars.
解析 B 词义猜测题。根据第四段的内容可知，研究人员发现，使用该工具的学生更有可能完成任务并获得经济奖励，但使用该工具的程度依赖于“incentives”。随着完成每周课程的“incentives”增加，使用工具的比例也随之上升。这是合理的：你从某项活动中获得的收益越多，你越可能投入精力确保完成任务。此处获得的收益指的就是“金钱奖励”。
7.What do the study results suggest about the “rational inattention” theory
A.It is suitable to young people.
B.It is very limitedly reliable.
C.It needs time to take effect.
D.It is undervalued to some extent.
解析 B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的最后两句及第五段中的最后一句可知，根据“理性疏忽”理论，应该有更多的参与者使用规划工具，但实际上并没有，这表明参与者没有充分认识到规划工具的价值。也就是说，参与者没能很好地分配自己的注意力，这与理论的预测存在差异，暗示了理论在解释实际行为时非常局限。
8.What does Zwick intend to do in the last paragraph
A.To make a suggestion.
B.To explain a concept.
C.To express a regret.
D.To leave a question.
解析 A 细节理解题。Zwick在最后一段中提到需要考虑干预措施来帮助人们更有效地分配注意力，这是一种建议。
Ⅳ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
Sue was at the bus stop waiting to catch the bus home after a busy day at college.Hamilton，her classmate，came to the bus stop and noticed Sue looking a bit 1 .
“Hello Sue，is there something wrong？” Hamilton asked.“As part of my 2 ，Mr Mitton has 3 some sort of work experience for people with disabilities，but it didn't sound exciting to me，” replied Sue.“Doing something 4 ，as part of your course，really 5 your mental health.I've done some voluntary work myself.I have ever helped an eight-year-old boy who was extremely shy.But with my help he 6 came out of his 7 and was able to 8 with other kids，” said Hamilton， 9 Sue a photo of the boy enjoying himself in a club activity.
Sue felt 10 .She decided to give her work experience a go.The first day came for Sue's voluntary work at the nearby centre.Slowly，as the weeks passed，Sue started to 11 it.She felt it meaningful to see how much she had 12 herself as well as helping someone to grow and explore，and to keep company with the people who often felt 13 .
At the beginning of the new spring term.Sue met Hamilton in the campus.“What a lovely surprise，” said Sue.“Thank you for your 14 .I followed what you said and 15 some different things.The work experience was great，not only for me but I felt I really made a difference.”
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Sue在同学的鼓励下参与志愿工作并从中获得成长与感动的故事。
1.A.happy B.annoyed
C.upset D.scared
解析 C 根据下文“but it didn't sound exciting to me”可知，Sue对Mitton先生安排的工作体验不感兴趣，所以这里是看起来心烦意乱。故选C。
2.A.project B.course
C.survey D.exam
解析 B 根据下文“as part of your course”可知，这里是说课程的一部分。故选B。
3.A.shared B.improved
C.obtained D.arranged
解析 D 根据下文“some sort of work experience for people with disabilities”可知，Mitton先生安排了工作体验的课程。故选D。
4.A.different B.strange
C.old D.formal
解析 A 根据下文“I've done some voluntary work myself.”可知，Hamilton认为做些不同的事情对心理健康有好处。故选A。
5.A.assesses B.measures
C.restores D.benefits
解析 D 根据下文“your mental health”及“I've done some voluntary work myself.”可知，Hamilton认为做些不同的事情对心理健康有好处。故选D。
6.A.awkwardly B.hardly
C.creatively D.gradually
解析 D 根据下文“came out of his ______ and was able to ________ with other kids”及“the boy enjoying himself in a club activity”可知，在Hamilton的帮助下，男孩慢慢改变，是一个逐渐的过程。故选D。
7.A.room B.shell
C.club D.bag
解析 B 根据上文“who was extremely shy”可知，那个男孩非常害羞，come out of one's shell表示“不再羞怯，愿意与人攀谈”，符合句意。故选B。
8.A.argue B.compete
C.communicate D.survive
解析 C 根据下文“with other kids”及“the boy enjoying himself in a club activity”可知，那个男孩在Hamilton的帮助下能够和其他孩子交流了。故选C。
9.A.showing B.lending
C.mailing D.selling
解析 A 根据下文“Sue a photo of the boy enjoying himself in a club activity”可知，Hamilton给Sue看了那个男孩的照片。故选A。
10.A.surprised B.touched
C.relaxed D.confused
解析 B 根据下文“She decided to give her work experience a go.”可知，Sue决定去尝试工作经历，由此可知，她被Hamilton的话和经历感动了。故选B。
11.A.enjoy B.consider
C.doubt D.summarize
解析 A 根据下文“She felt it meaningful”可知，Sue开始喜欢上这份工作了。故选A。
12.A.valued B.accepted
C.recovered D.changed
解析 D 根据下文“herself as well as helping someone to grow and explore”可知，Sue觉得自己在这份工作中发生了变化，同时也帮助了别人。故选D。
13.A.lonely B.shy
C.lucky D.proud
解析 A 根据上文“to keep company with the people”可知，Sue陪伴的是那些经常感到孤独的人。故选A。
14.A.love B.responsibility
C.advice D.friendship
解析 C 根据上文Hamilton给Sue的建议以及下文“I followed what you said”可知，Sue感谢Hamilton的建议。故选C。
15.A.quit B.tried
C.studied D.recorded
解析 B 根据上文“She decided to give her work experience a go.”可知，Sue尝试了一些不同的事情，并且觉得这次工作体验很棒。故选B。