课件31张PPT。Astronomy: the science
of the starsPeriod one
Warming up&reading
Warming UpWhat subjects do you learn at school?Chinese
English
mathematics
physics
history
geography
physics
biology
chemistrybrainstorminggeophysicsbiochemistryastronomy biochemistry geophysics medicine__________ the scientific study of treatment of diseases and injures
__________ the study of the chemistry of living things
_________ the scientific study of the earth’s atmosphere, oceans and climate
__________ the scientific study of objects in space, such as planets, stars, comets and “black holes”astronomymedicinebiochemistrygeophysicsAstronomy is the scientific study of the universe and the heaven bodies (such as the sun, the moon, and stars), gas, and dust within it. astronomerThe Solar system eight planets
many comets
other objects 地球 ______
木星 ______
火星 ______
水星 ________
海王星 _______F. 冥王星 _______
G. 土星 ________
H. 天王星 _______
I. 金星 ________EarthJupiterMarsMercuryNeptunePlutoSaturnUranusVenusThe earth’s atmosphereThe earth’s
atmospherenitrogenoxygendioxidecarbonsurface vapour The earth’s atmospherePresentationHOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH? Pangu separates the sky from the earthNuwa makes human beingsThe Big Bang How many parts can the text be divided into?Two parts:
Part 1 (para 1)
Part 2 (para2.3.4)Water made it possible for life begin to develop.The development of living things.Energetic dustA solid ballExplode atmospherewaterWater made it possible ________________________for life to begin to develop. 21 small plants in water3 green plants on land4
56 forests7
8
92 shellfish and all sorts of fish4 insects (on land)5 amphibians
(on land and in water)7 reptiles (on land)8 dinosaurs (on land)9 mammals (on land)________made it possible for life to begin to develop.WaterLater _____________ appeared. land animals insectsamphibiansWhen plants grew into forests,
______ appeared for the first time.reptilesSome huge animals, called _________, developed.dinosaursWhen dinosaurs disappeared, _________ became more important. mammalsA cloud of dust → a solid ball → presence of water → on the water → shellfish & other fish → plants begin to grow on dry land → insects and amphibians appear → retiles appear → dinosaurs appear → mammals appearThe development of lifeinsects and amphibians appearretiles appeardinosaurs appearmammals appearExercises Read paragraph 2 to 4 carefully and finish the following form.How life began on the earth1. small plants in water2. shellfish and all
sorts of fish 3. green plants on land
4. insects(on land)
5. amphibians (on land
and in water)
6. forests
7. reptiles(on land)
8. dinosaurs(on land)
9. mammals(on land)
10. small clever animals
with hands and feet 11. human
Because the water reminded on the earth.
Because plants provide oxygen for animals to breathe.
Because dinosaurs died out long before human beings developed on the earth.
The name is Pluto. Scientists now think it is too small to be called a planet.
Human beings caused global warming.Check the answers on P2710 7 3 8 4 9 6 1 5 2 12 112.3.Group work What problems have been caused by humans to the earth? How to protect the earth and make it a better place to live on?
As a student, what little things can we do for the earth?DiscussionWhether life will continue on the earth depends on human beings.Only if we care will we help,
only if we help shall all be saved! Homework
听写astronomy-----dioxide
2. 书上P28 第４题
1. solid; violent; astronomy; generally speaking;
prevent…from; planet; development; explode;
surface, methodConclusion课件30张PPT。Astronomy: the science
of the starsPeriod twoLearning about language Warming Up Prepare for “DISCOVERING USEFUL WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS”. P. 28Answer key for exercise 1:presenceviolenceconfidencedifferencepatienceuncertainunfairunpaidunlikeunkindculturalglobaluniversalagriculturalmathematicalartistphysicistchemistbiologistscientistC A C BAnswer key for exercise 2:Answer key for exercise 3:fundamental, astronomy, gave birth to,
existed, As a result, atoms, prevent … from,
puzzleAnswer key for exercise 4:violent angry rude shocked excited crazypatient gentle relaxing kind easy-going calmPresentation 主语从句 （Noun Clauses as the Subject） 定义：
用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：连词that, whether；连接代词who, what和which；连接副词when, where, how和why。用法： 1) 由what等代词引起的主语从句：
What the teacher said today was quite right.?
老师今天说的话是十分正确的。 2) 由连词that引起的主语从句：
That they are badly in need of help is quite clear.
他们急需帮助，这是十分明显的。
但是这类句子在大多数情况下会放到整个句子的后部去，而用代词it作形式主语。 3) 由连接代词或连接副词以及whether引起的主语从句。
Whether they will sell the house is not yet decided.
他们是否卖掉这所房子还没有决定。 4) whatever, whoever也可引导主语从句。
Whatever was said here must be kept secret.
这里说的话都应当保密。
Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.
凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。 注意: 上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首, 但有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”, 常用 it 作形式主语, 而把从句放在后面。 例如:
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
她犯了这样一个错误, 真是遗憾。这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:
1) It is + adj. / n. +从句
It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是……
It is possible that... 很可能……
It is unlikely that... 不可能……
2) It +不及物动词+从句
It seems/appears that... 似乎……
It happened that... 碰巧…… 3) It + be +过去分词+从句
It is said that... 据说……
It is known to all that...
众所周知……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that...
据信……;人们相信……
It is suggested that... 有人建议…… It must be pointed out that...
必须指出……
It has been proved that... 已证明…….
如: It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.
据信, 至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。 5) . 用于It is important / natural / necessary / impossible that...句型中, 主语从句应使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”的形式, should有时有感彩。Exercises 1. _____ you don’t like him is none of my business.
2. _____ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
3. ________ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
4. ________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
5. ________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. ThatWhatWhetherWhetherWhoever 6. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
7.It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.
8. The Foreign Minister said, “__ is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” 9. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ____ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. ItthatItwhat1. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ___ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. (高考真题)
A. where B. what C. that D. how解析: what 引导主语从句,在从句中做do 的宾语高考链接2. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at __ I thought was a dangerous speed. (高考真题)
A. as B. which C. what D. that解析: I thought 是插入语,可以把它去掉不考虑. what 引导宾语从句,在从句中作主语.宾语从句作at的宾语.3. ___ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account.（高考真题）
A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires解析: “It is required that …”是一个固定句式，it作形式主语, that引导的从句为真正的主语。 4. ___ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. [高考真题]
A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That答案是C。“2000年奥林匹克运动会是否在北京举行还不知道。” 5. ___ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. [高考真题]
A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter答案是C。“他在会上的发言使到会的每一个人都感到惊讶。” what 表示“(所说的话)” ,相当于The words (that + /which) he said at the meeting…6. ___ leaves the room last ought to turn off the light. [高考真题]
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who答案是C。“谁最后离开房间应关灯。”whoever意为“无论谁”, 引导主语从句, 并在从句中作主语。若选A或B, anyone或the person 后应回who, 使其成为由who引导的定语从句, 修饰anyone 或person.
注：这些词还可引导副词性从句。7. ___ he has become a rich man is known to all in our town. [高考真题]
A. Because B. That C. / D. What答案是B。“他变成了富翁, 这是我们镇上下班人人皆知的事。”根据句意, 须用that 引导的主语从句。that 在从句中不担任任何成分, 只起连接作用. 8. ___ I need is more time.
A. That B. What C. / D. Which答案是B。“我所需要的是更多的时间。” 根据题意, 应选what 引志的主语从句, what在职从句中作宾语(what = the thing which).主语从句的关联词不能省略, 故排除C。which 表示“哪一个”, that 无词义, 都与句意不符, 故排除。Conclusion Homework 1. Make use of different learning resources to have an inquiry study of subject clause ,and summarize the rules of it.
2. Do Workbook Exx.1-3 on P. 64.课件34张PPT。Astronomy: the science of the starsPeriod three
Using LanguageUsing Language Warming Up 1. Who is the first Chinese astronaut to go into space?
2. What was the date when he circled the earth in space?
A. November 15, 2003 B. October 15, 2003
C. September 17, 2004 D. December 17,2004
3. Which country first sent people up to space?
4. So far, how many countries have succeeded in sending people up to space?
5. Who is the first man landing on the moon?Yang LiweiAThe Soviet UnionThreeArmstrong (America, 1969)Presentation A VISIT TO THE MOONrocket1. Who had a chance to travel to the moon?
2.How did they travel to the moon?
3.Was there anything changed on their journey?
Questions 4. How many times would the force of gravity change on their journey? When? Which change would be the most powerful? What about his weight?Questions On the moonThe change of gravityIn spaceVery strongDisappeared Very light Leave the earthHe became very heavy.He had no weight and could float weightlessly around in their spaceship.He was about one-sixth of his weight on the earth.Read the passage and fill in the form.5. what happened to him when he tried to step forward?
6. why was returning to the earth very frightening?
7. How did he feel?Questions Last month I visited the moon with my friend. Before we left, I was told the force of g_____ would change three times on our journey. Then we took off. As we left the earth, I became very h_______. Gradually the weight l_______. When I was in space, it d__________. We f_______ weightlessly in the cabin and I c_____ ___. When I was on the moon, I was surprised to find out even walking needs lots of practice n__ ____ gravity changed. The returning of the earth was very f_________. We were amazed to watch fire b____ ____ on the outside of the ship. gravityheavylesseneddisappearedfloatedcheered upnow thatrighteningbreak outFill in the blanksDiscussion?If you want to visit the moon, what things you must prepare and what kinds of qualities you should have? 1. Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer.
上个月我有幸得到一个机会同我的朋友，一位宇航员李彦平一道去太空旅行。Language points enough的用法:
1）形容词作定语：enough用在名词前、后都可以。
I have enough time to do the work.
/ I have time enough to do the work.
我有足够的时间做此项工作。
2）用作副词修饰形容词或副词表示程度: enough一般放在形容词或副词的后边。
long enough, fast enough, quickly enough等。 但一般不说：enough long, enough fast, enough quickly.
The boy is old enough to go to school.
这孩子到上学的年龄了。
3）用作副词修饰动词时也需放在动词之后。
The meat is not cooked enough.
肉炖得不够熟。
If I had _____________________ (足够长的假期), I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.a long enough holiday 2. Then we were off.
随后我们就启程了。
be off = set off 出发；动身
I am off today.
我今天不用上班。
We are off today.
今天我们不上班/今天我们不开张。 与off相关的短语:
see...off 送行
jump off 跳下
give off 散发
show off 炫耀get off 下车
take off 脱下
turn off 关闭
pay off 付清；还清
3. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth’s. 当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。 get close to
靠近，接近，指动态变化
be close to
距......近，指状态
The school is close to the post office.4.cheer up: 欢呼，喝彩，感到高兴，
使高兴。当看到球队的到来，人群欢呼起来。
_____________________ when they
saw the team arrive.他带她去听音乐会来使她高兴。
He took her _____________ to
____________.The crowd cheered upto the concertcheer her up1). “A + be + 倍数 + as +形容词原级 + as +
B”.
This tree is three times as tall as that one.
His father is twice as old as he.5. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。 2). “A + be + 倍数 +形容词比较级 + than + B ”
The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than
the Pearl River.
长江差不多比珠江长两倍。
The number of students in our school is three
times larger than that in theirs.
?? 我们学校的学生数量比他们学校的多三倍。 3). “A + be + 倍数 + the +名词 (size, length, amount) + of + B”
The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。 经过实验，这种细胞已经变得有那种细胞的三倍大了．
1. After the experiment, this cell has become three times as large as that one.
2. After the experiment, this cell has become twice larger than that one.
3. After the experiment, this cell has become three times the size of that one. 6. ...walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.
......既然引力改变了，走路也的确需要练一练了。 now that同since相似，语气较弱，强调人们已知的事实。Translation:
1. 既然你忙, 就让我给你做吧。
Now that you are busy, let me do it for you.
2. 既然人都齐了, 咱们开始干吧。
Now that everyone is here ,let’s start work．7.We watched, amazed as fire broke out
on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.我们惊奇地看着，随着引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起来了。amazed 是过去分词，此处做状语用 他进来的时候没有人注意到.
He came in _________ .break out (战争,争吵,疾病等)爆发unnoticed它与happen, take place, come out等词的用法一样，
是不及物动词，不能带宾语，不能用于被动语态。 1) 战争爆发
The American Civil War broke out in 1861.
美国内战爆发于1861年。
2) 发生争吵
A quarrel broke out between them.
他们之间发生了争吵。
3) (火灾)发生
A?fire?broke?out?in?his?house?last?night.?
昨晚他家里失火了。
与break相关的短语:
break down
打破; 毁掉; 破除; 坍塌; 坏掉
break in
破门而入; 打断
break away from
脱离政党; 打破陈规
break through
突围; 突破
break up
打碎; 拆散; 分裂; 分解
break one's word/promise
食言; 说话不算数
Exercises translation1．太阳系 _____________
2．及时，总有一天 _____________
3．阻止，制止 ______________
4．依靠，信赖 ______________
5．感到高兴 ______________
6．既然，由于 ______________
7．蔓延 ______________
8．一般而言 ______________
9．除了……之外还 ______________
10. 作一次太空旅行______________solar systemin timeprevent fromdepend oncheer upnow thatspreadgenerally speakingas well asmake a trip into space11．熟悉，掌握 _____________
12．突发，爆发 _____________
13．增多，使繁殖 _____________
14．大气层，气氛 _____________
15．随着时间的流逝____________
16．与……不同 ______________
17．冷却 _______________
18．失重地 ________________
19．全球变暖 ________________
20．地心引力 ________________get the hang ofbreak outmultiplyatmosphereAs time went/goes bybe different fromcool downweightlesslyglobal warminggravity21．产卵 _____________
22．在表面上 _____________
23．两倍远 _____________
24．非常幸运 _____________
25．向某人解释 ____________
26．靠近，接近 ______________
27．出发，动身 _______________
28．促进……的发展________________
29．从他们的体内________________
30．做某事的方法________________lay eggson its surfacetwice as far aslucky enoughexplain to sbget close tobe offencourage the development of…from within their bodymethods of doing sthHomework Collect passages about gravity.
Prepare for speaking.Conclusion
