Unit 1 Helping those in need 单元知识点梳理 沪教版新教材英语八年级下册

Unit 1 Helping those in need 单元知识点梳理
一、重点单词
1. help /help/ v.&n. 帮助；援助（短语：help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事；ask for help 寻求帮助）
2. need /ni d/ v. 需要；n. 需求；必要（短语：in need 有需要的；need to do sth. 需要做某事）
3. volunteer / v l n t (r)/ v. 自愿做；义务做；n. 志愿者（短语：volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事）
4. raise /re z/ v. 筹集；提升；养育（短语：raise money 筹款；raise one’s hand 举手）
5. donate /d ne t/ v. 捐赠；捐献（短语：donate sth. to sb. / sth. 向……捐赠某物）
6. offer / f (r)/ v. 主动提出；提供；n. 提议（短语：offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事；offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物）
7. support /s p t/ v.&n. 支持；扶持（短语：support sb. in sth. 在某事上支持某人）
8. lonely / l nli/ adj. 孤独的；寂寞的；偏僻的（区别alone 独自的/地）
9. sick /s k/ adj. 生病的；不适的（短语：look after the sick 照顾病人）
10. elderly / eld li/ adj. 年老的；上了年纪的（the elderly 老年人，统称）
11. disabled /d s e bld/ adj. 残疾的；丧失能力的（the disabled 残疾人，统称）
12. homeless / h ml s/ adj. 无家可归的（the homeless 无家可归的人，统称）
13. care /ke (r)/ v. 关心；照顾；n. 关爱（短语：care for 照顾；关心；take care of 照顾）
14. kindness / ka ndn s/ n. 仁慈；善良；好意（形容词：kind 善良的）
15. grateful / ɡre tfl/ adj. 感激的；感谢的（短语：be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事感激某人）
16. thankful / θ kfl/ adj. 感谢的；欣慰的（短语：be thankful for sth. 为某事感恩）
17. pleasure / ple (r)/ n. 愉快；快乐；乐事（短语：It’s my pleasure. 我的荣幸。）
18. joy /d / n. 高兴；喜悦；乐趣（短语：the joy of helping others 助人之乐）
19. act / kt/ v. 行动；做事；n. 行为（短语：act quickly 迅速行动；an act of kindness 善举）
20. effort / ef t/ n. 努力；尽力（短语：make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事）
21. community /k mju n ti/ n. 社区；群落（复数：communities）
22. service / s v s/ n. 服务；公共服务（短语：community service 社区服务）
23. meaningful / mi n fl/ adj. 有意义的；意味深长的（反义词：meaningless）
24. valuable / v lju bl/ adj. 有价值的；宝贵的（短语：valuable experience 宝贵的经历）
25. experience / k sp ri ns/ n. 经历（可数）；经验（不可数）；v. 经历；体验
26. improve / m pru v/ v. 改善；改进；提高（短语：improve oneself 提升自己）
27. skill /sk l/ n. 技能；技巧（复数：skills；短语：communication skills 沟通技巧）
munication /k mju n ke n/ n. 交流；沟通（动词：communicate）
29. team /ti m/ n. 团队；组（短语：team work 团队合作）
30. spirit / sp r t/ n. 精神；心灵（短语：the spirit of volunteerism 志愿精神）
二、重点短语
1. helping those in need 帮助有需要的人
2. in need 有需要的；处于困境中
3. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
4. raise money for 为……筹款
5. donate sth. to 向……捐赠某物
6. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
7. care for 照顾；关心
8. look after 照顾；照料
9. the elderly 老年人
10. the disabled 残疾人
11. the homeless 无家可归的人
12. community service 社区服务
13. an act of kindness 善举
14. make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事
15. meaningful experience 有意义的经历
16. improve one’s skills 提升某人的技能
munication skills 沟通技巧
18. team work 团队合作
19. the spirit of volunteerism 志愿精神
20. be grateful to sb. 感激某人
21. ask for help 寻求帮助
22. give a hand 帮忙；搭把手
23. serve the community 服务社区
24. bring joy to sb. 给某人带来快乐
25. learn from each other 互相学习
三、重点句型
1. —What can we do to help those in need
—We can volunteer to look after the elderly in the community.
（—我们能做些什么来帮助有需要的人？—我们可以自愿去社区照顾老年人。）
2. Many people donate money to charity to help homeless people.
（很多人向慈善机构捐款来帮助无家可归的人。）
3. She offered to teach the children English for free in the village.
（她主动提出去村里免费教孩子们英语。）
4. It’s meaningful to take part in community service activities.
（参加社区服务活动是有意义的。）
5. We should care for the sick and show our kindness to them.
（我们应该关心病人，向他们表达我们的善意。）
6. The students raised a lot of money for the poor children in the mountain area.
（学生们为山区的贫困儿童筹集了很多钱。）
7. I am grateful to all the volunteers who helped me when I was in trouble.
（我感激所有在我遇到困难时帮助我的志愿者。）
8. Doing volunteer work can not only help others but also improve ourselves.
（做志愿工作不仅能帮助别人，还能提升自己。）
9. —Would you like to join us in helping the disabled kids
—Yes, I’d love to. It’s a valuable experience for me.
（—你愿意和我们一起帮助残疾儿童吗？—我愿意。这对我来说是一次宝贵的经历。）
10. We need to make an effort to make the world a better place for everyone.
（我们需要努力为每个人把世界变成一个更美好的地方。）
四、重点词汇辨析
1. in need & in trouble
词汇 含义与用法 例句
in need 侧重“有物质需求、生活困难”，指缺乏衣食住行等基本条件 We should help the people in need in the poor areas.（我们应该帮助贫困地区有需要的人。）
in trouble 侧重“遇到麻烦、困境”，可指生活、学习、工作等方面的问题 When you are in trouble, you can ask your parents for help.（当你遇到麻烦时，可以向父母求助。）
2. care for & look after & take care of
词汇 含义与用法 例句
care for 侧重“用心照顾、关心”，情感色彩更浓，也可表“喜欢”（否定句/疑问句） She cares for her grandmother carefully every day.（她每天用心照顾奶奶。）
look after 日常用语，侧重“照料、看护”，强调具体的行为，可与take care of互换 My sister looks after my pet dog when I am away.（我不在时，姐姐照顾我的宠物狗。）
take care of 含义最广，可指“照顾人/物”，也可表“处理事情”，口语和书面语通用 You need to take care of these letters after work.（下班后你需要处理这些信件。）
3. volunteer (n.) & volunteer (v.)
词汇 词性与含义 搭配与例句
volunteer (n.) 名词，意为“志愿者” He is a volunteer in the community service center.（他是社区服务中心的一名志愿者。）
volunteer (v.) 动词，意为“自愿做、义务做” She volunteers to clean the park every weekend.（她每个周末自愿打扫公园。）
4. experience (可数) & experience (不可数)
词汇 含义与用法 例句
experience (可数) 意为“具体的经历、阅历” I have a lot of interesting experiences during the trip.（这次旅行中我有很多有趣的经历。）
experience (不可数) 意为“积累的经验、体验” He has rich teaching experience for 20 years.（他有20年的丰富教学经验。）
5. meaningful & valuable
词汇 含义与用法 例句
meaningful 侧重“有意义的、有价值的”，强调事物本身具有的意义和作用 It’s a meaningful trip because we helped a lot of poor kids.（这是一次有意义的旅行，因为我们帮助了很多贫困儿童。）
valuable 侧重“宝贵的、有价值的”，强调事物的实用性和珍贵性 We can learn some valuable skills from volunteer work.（我们能从志愿工作中学到一些宝贵的技能。）
五、重点语法
1. 不定式（to do）的用法
- 含义：不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由“to + 动词原形”构成，否定式为“not to do”，可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等，本单元重点掌握作目的状语、宾语、主语的用法。
- 核心用法：
① 作目的状语（最常用），表“为了……”，可放在句首或句末，句首时常用逗号隔开。
例：To help those in need, we organized a charity sale.（为了帮助有需要的人，我们组织了一场义卖。）
We study hard to improve ourselves.（我们努力学习是为了提升自己。）
② 作宾语，跟在want, hope, decide, plan, offer, volunteer, need等动词后。
例：I want to be a volunteer in the hospital.（我想成为医院的一名志愿者。）
They plan to raise money for the sick kids.（他们计划为生病的孩子筹款。）
③ 作主语，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放在句末，结构为It + be + 形容词 + to do sth.。
例：It’s kind to help the homeless people.（帮助无家可归的人是善良的。）
It’s important to learn communication skills.（学习沟通技巧是重要的。）
2. 情态动词can / could / should的用法（表建议/能力/请求）
- can：表“能、可以”，侧重能力或提出建议/请求，否定式can’t。
例：We can give a hand to the elderly in our neighborhood.（我们可以帮邻居的老人搭把手。）
Can you tell me how to help the disabled kids （你能告诉我如何帮助残疾儿童吗？）
- could：是can的过去式，也可用于现在时，表更委婉的建议/请求，语气比can弱。
例：You could donate some books to the village school.（你可以给乡村学校捐赠一些书。）
Could you volunteer to teach English there （你能自愿去那里教英语吗？）
- should：表“应该、应当”，侧重提出建议、表达责任与义务，否定式shouldn’t。
例：We should care for the sick and lonely people around us.（我们应该关心身边生病和孤独的人。）
You shouldn’t give up when you meet difficulties in volunteer work.（做志愿工作遇到困难时，你不应该放弃。）
3. 定冠词the + 形容词的用法
- 含义：定冠词the后接形容词，可表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，本单元重点围绕弱势群体的表达展开。
- 常见搭配：
the elderly（老年人）、the disabled（残疾人）、the homeless（无家可归的人）、the sick（病人）、the poor（穷人）
- 例句：The homeless need warm houses and enough food.（无家可归的人需要温暖的房子和足够的食物。）
The disabled should get more care and support from society.（残疾人应该得到社会更多的关爱和支持。）
六、写作指导（志愿活动/助人主题短文）
1. 写作结构
部分 内容要点 常用表达
开头 点明助人/志愿活动的重要性，引出自己的志愿经历/计划 Helping those in need is a kind of happiness. Volunteer work is very meaningful in our life. Last weekend, I took part in a volunteer activity in the community. / I plan to do some volunteer work to help the poor kids in the mountain area.
主体 详细描述志愿活动的时间、地点、具体行动，说明活动的过程和自己的感受 First, we went to the community center to look after the elderly. We talked with them and helped them clean their rooms. Then, we organized a charity sale to raise money for them. During the activity, I learned how to communicate with the elderly and felt very happy to help them.
结尾 总结活动的意义，表达自己的收获和未来的打算，呼吁大家参与助人/志愿活动 This volunteer activity made me realize the joy of helping others. I not only helped the people in need but also improved my communication skills. I will keep doing volunteer work in the future. Let’s join hands to help those in need and make the world warmer.
2. 范文示例
My Volunteer Experience
Helping those in need is one of the most meaningful things in our life. Last Sunday, I took part in a volunteer activity with my classmates in the Sunshine Community, and it left me a deep impression.
In the morning, we went to the community’s nursing home to look after the elderly. Some of us talked with the lonely grandfathers and grandmothers, listening to their interesting stories. Others helped them clean their rooms and water the flowers. At noon, we prepared some simple food for them and ate together happily. In the afternoon, we held a small performance for them—we sang songs and danced. The elderly clapped their hands and smiled all the time.
This volunteer experience made me feel warm and happy. I learned that a small act of kindness can bring great joy to others. What’s more, I improved my communication skills and learned to work with my classmates as a team. I believe volunteer work is a valuable experience for everyone. I will keep doing volunteer work in my free time. Let’s all be volunteers and show our kindness to the people in need. Together, we can make the world a better and warmer place.