北师大版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE Section Ⅱ LESSON 1课件

(共125张PPT)
主题语境：人与社会——冲突与妥协
【原文呈现】
Drummer①Hits the Road
Ma Ming，drummer for the rock band“Storm”，had to pack② his bags.He moved out of his rented flat after complaints③ from his neighbours about disturbing the peace.
[1]Being single，Ma Ming often held parties at night，but the biggest problem was his tendency to drum④ late at night.Ma Ming's neighbours said they were being driven mad being exposed to such noise.[2]The flat-owner said if he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer，he wouldn't have rented the flat to him.[3]The neighbours quickly realised they were in trouble⑤ when he moved in. And from then on，they rarely got a full night's sleep.They couldn't relax or read a book without plugging their ears.One neighbour also claimed that Ma Ming had a bad influence on his teenage son.
【词汇积累】
①drummer/'dr m /n.鼓手
②pack/p k/vi.& vt.打包 n.包，包裹
pack...into...把……装进……
③complaint/k m'ple nt/n.投诉
make a complaint (to sb) about sth(向某人)抱怨某事
④drum/dr m/vi.击鼓，打鼓 n.鼓
a regular drum beat节奏均匀的击鼓声
⑤in trouble在困境中
in safety安全地
in danger在危险中
[1]此处为动词-ing形式短语作状语。
[2]本句为复合句。said后是省略连词that的宾语从句；if引导与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，且主从句都用了虚拟语气。
[3]本句为复合句。realised后是省略连词that的宾语从句；“when he moved in”为when引导的时间状语从句。
In the end，the community council took action⑥.“We took a vote⑦，and came to a resolution⑧.We gave Ma Ming a warning⑨.We told him that he ought to cease⑩ drumming or leave the property ，”a council member said.“Getting enough sleep is important for people's health and，after such a chorus of complaints，we had to take action.”
⑥take action采取行动
take action to do sth采取行动做某事
⑦vote/v t/n.投票(指行为)；票数
⑧resolution/ rez 'lu n/n.决定；解决
pass/adopt/carry a resolution通过一项决议
⑨warning/'w n /n.警告，警示；告诫
a government health warning一次政府关于健康的忠告
⑩cease/si s/vi.& vt.停止，终止，结束
cease doing sth停止做某事
property/'pr p ti/n.房产；所有物；财产
chorus/'k r s/n.齐声；副歌；合唱团
a chorus of thanks/disapproval/protest 齐声的感谢/反对/抗议
Ma Ming's departure has pleased his neighbours.“Life will go back to normal now，”they said.
For Ma Ming's version of the story，we found him in a hotel in Shanghai.Ma Ming felt that they were prejudiced against him.He's bitter over the fact[4]that people thought of his music as“noise”.Otherwise he didn't really mind having to leave the flat.[5]“Living in a hotel means the hotel staff makes the bed every day and I don't have to do my own washing！Anyhow ，I'm now looking for a remote house on the edge of the city.”
departure/d 'pɑ t /n.离开，起程
version n.说法；版本
prejudiced/'pred d st/adj.有偏见的，有成见的，歧视的
prejudice n.偏见，成见
bitter/'b t /adj.愤愤不平的；带来痛苦的，令人难过的；苦的
a bitter smile 苦笑
anyhow/'eniha /adv.(非正式)尽管如此；至少
anyway为副词，表示“尽管，无论如何，不管怎样，反正”，相当于anyhow。
remote/r 'm t/adj.偏僻的，偏远的
edge/ed /n.边缘，外围v.(使)徐徐移动，渐渐移动
on/at the edge of 在……的边缘
[4]此处是that引导的同位语从句。that在句中作fact的同位语，不可以省略。
[5]本句中Living in a hotel为动词-ing形式短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；并列连词and连接“the hotel staff...every day”和“I don't...washing”两个分句，两个分句共同作means的宾语。
Grandpa Arrested After One Shower Too Many
Eighty-year-old retired tailor ，James McKay，spent Saturday night in a cell after hitting 30-year-old Keith Smith over the head with his walking stick.[6]McKay's wife，Laurene said that，while McKay is usually a peaceful and pleasant person，he had been driven to this act of violence by literally getting wet just once too often.He could no longer tolerate it.
arrest/ 'rest/vt.逮捕，拘捕；抑制；阻止
arrest sb for (doing) sth因(做)某事逮捕某人
tailor/'te l /n.(男装)裁缝
dressmaker n.(女装)裁缝
literally/'l t r li/adv.确实地；字面上
take sth literally 从字面上理解某事物
tolerate/'t l re t/vt.忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容
同义表达:bear/stand/put up with
tolerance n.容忍；忍受，忍耐力
[6]本句为主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句；while引导让步状语从句。
Smith lives above the McKays.He is a keen gardener，and also a fish collector.[7]Unfortunately，the water he sent over his balcony every day ended up on the McKays' floor，or too often，on the unsuspecting McKays themselves.
“For the last two weeks，since Smith moved into the flat above us，we dared not go onto our balcony，” said Laurene.[8]She added that it wasn't only the water falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered them，but also the way he cleaned his fish tanks.“We'd be sitting there happily reading our newspapers，when suddenly so much water would come from above that we'd be as wet as if we had showered with our clothes on! We could hardly get rid of the smell of fish！”
[8]句中第一个that引导宾语从句，在该从句中，not only...but also...连接两个并列句，falling onto their balcony from Smith为动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰the water，且watering his plants为动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰Smith；he cleaned his fish tanks为省略that/in which的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the way。

unsuspecting/ ns 'spekt /adj.无提防之心的，无疑心的
unsuspecting victims毫无戒备的受害者
bother/'b /vi.& vt.(使)担心，(使)生气，(使)苦恼
bother sb with sth拿某事烦扰某人
get rid of去掉，去除；摆脱
[7]本句为复合句。句中“he sent over his balcony every day”是省略关系代词的定语从句；or连接两个并列的介词短语。
And on Saturday evening it was just too much.“It was James' birthday，”Laurene recalled ，“and it was such a beautiful night to enjoy the starry night outside.I made him a birthday cake.The candles were a great sight as you can imagine，but James didn't get to blow them out .”Instead，Smith emptied one of his larger tanks over his balcony and both the McKays and the cake were wet through.“I have never seen him move so fast and I couldn't stop him.He was up there in a flash.”
Smith is not going to take things further with the police.He has also promised to change his ways from now on .And what of James McKay？[9]As he left the police station，a large crowd of supporters sang him“Happy Birthday”.“Definitely the most exciting birthday ever！”said the cheerful old man.“The best since my youth，I'd say！”
recall/r 'k l/vi.& vt.回想，回忆起
recall doing sth回想起做某事
blow sth out吹灭；爆裂
from now on从现在起
from then on从那时起
【参考译文】
鼓手走人
摇滚乐队“暴风雨”的鼓手马明不得不收拾行李。邻居们投诉他扰乱社区的宁静后，他从租来的公寓里搬了出来。
马明是个单身汉，经常在晚上开派对，但最大的问题是他常常打鼓到深夜。马明的邻居说他们都快被这样的噪声逼疯了。房东说他如果知道马明是个鼓手，就不会把房子租给他。马明一搬进来，邻居们就很快意识到麻烦来了。从那以后，他们很少能安安稳稳地睡一整晚。他们要是不堵住耳朵就不能放松或看书。有个邻居还说，马明对他十几岁的儿子造成了不良影响。
最后，居委会采取了行动。“我们投票表决，达成了一项决议。我们向马明提出警告。我们告诉他应该停止打鼓，否则就搬走，”一位居委会成员说道。“充足的睡眠对人们的健康很重要，接到这样的集体投诉，我们不得不采取行动。”
马明的离开让他的邻居们都很高兴。他们说道:“现在生活(终于)要恢复正常了。”
我们在上海的一家旅馆里找到了马明，想听听他对这个事件的看法。马明觉得邻居们对自己有偏见，他们认为他的音乐是“噪声”，他为此愤愤不平。不过他并不介意离开公寓。“住在旅馆里就意味着每天有服务员整理床铺，我也不必自己洗衣服！不过，我现在正在城郊寻找一所偏僻的房子。”
洗了“大澡”而被捕的爷爷
80岁的退休裁缝詹姆斯·迈奇周六的晚上是在监狱里度过的，因为他用拐杖打了30岁的基思·史密斯的头。迈奇的妻子劳瑞恩说，然而迈奇平时是个平和、友善的人，他是因为多次被淋湿才会做出这种暴力的行为。他实在是忍无可忍了。
史密斯住在迈奇家楼上。他热爱园艺，还喜欢养鱼。但不幸的是，他每天在阳台上浇的水最后都落到迈奇家的地板上，也经常洒在毫无防备的迈奇夫妇身上。
劳瑞恩说:“过去两周，自从史密斯搬到楼上，我们都不敢去阳台了。”她还说，困扰他们的不仅是史密斯浇花时洒到阳台上的水，还有他清理鱼缸的方式。“我们本来开开心心地坐在那里看报纸，这时突然很多水从天而降，我们就好像穿着衣服洗澡一样全身湿透！我们很难去掉(身上的)鱼腥味！”
这周六晚上实在是忍无可忍了。劳瑞恩回忆道:“那天是詹姆斯的生日，那是个特别美丽的、可以坐在外面欣赏星空的夜晚。我给他做了个生日蛋糕。你可以想象点上蜡烛有多么漂亮，可詹姆斯却没能把蜡烛吹灭。”然而，史密斯从阳台上倒掉他的一个大鱼缸中的水，将迈奇夫妇和蛋糕都淋了个通透。“我从没见过他动作那么快，根本没办法阻止。他一下子就冲到楼上去了。”
史密斯不会让警方进一步追究这件事。他还承诺从现在开始改变他的方式。而詹姆斯·迈奇呢？他离开警察局时，一大群支持者为他唱起了《生日快乐》歌。“这绝对是最激动人心的一次生日了！”这位老人快乐地说道。“我敢说，这是自我年轻以来的最棒的一次生日！”
1.What is the main idea of the text “Living in a Community”？
A.The importance of communication in a community.
B.The conflicts and compromises people face in a community.
C.The characteristics of a harmonious community.
D.The role of leaders in a community.
答案　B
2.Match the main idea with each part.
Drummer Hits the Road
A.Reasons and the conflict.
B.Introduce the story.
C.Ma Ming's version of the story.
D.Ways to deal with the conflict.
Part 1(Para.1):___
Part 2(Para.2):___
Part 3(Para.3):___
Part 4(Paras.4－5):___
B
A
D
C
Grandpa Arrested After One Shower Too Many
A.Background.
B.Result.
C.Introduce the story.
D.Conflict.
Part 5(Para.1):___
Part 6(Paras.2－3):___
Part 7(Para.4):___
Part 8(Para.5):___
C
A
D
B
1.What can be learned from the flat-owner's words
A.He liked listening to Ma Ming's playing the drum.
B.He disagreed with most of the neighbours.
C.He regretted renting the flat to Ma Ming.
D.He did know Ma Ming was a drummer.
答案　C
2.What does the word“cease”mean in the first story
A.Keep. B.Start.
C.Practice. D.Stop.
答案　D
3.Why didn't James get to blow his birthday candles out
A.He was too forgetful to blow them out.
B.His neighbour prevented him from blowing them out.
C.His candles were wet through because of his neighbour.
D.He ran out of the room before blowing his candles.
答案　C
4.What was the result of James' conflict with his neighbour
A.His neighbour was arrested.
B.His neighbour took many requests.
C.He got much support from other neighbours.
D.He lost the friendship.
答案　C
5.What can we know from the last paragraph in the second story
A.Smith withdrew the case and left the flat.
B.The police would go on looking into the case.
C.James was excited about being put into the cell.
D.James is a cheerful and humorous old man.
答案　D
1.Ma Ming's neighbours said they were being driven mad being exposed to such noise.
[句式分析]　本句中said后面的句子为省略that引导的____从句；谓语为__________
__________；being exposed to such noise为动词-ing形式短语的被动式作_____。
[自主翻译]　_______________________________________
过去进行时
宾语
的被动语态
马明的邻居说他们都快被这样的噪声逼疯了。
状语
2.Unfortunately，the water he sent over his balcony every day ended up on the McKays' floor，or too often，on the unsuspecting McKays themselves.
[句式分析]　本句中he sent over his balcony every day为省略关系代词的______从句；or连接两个并列的_________。
[自主翻译]　_____________________________________________________________
_______________________________
定语
介词短语
但不幸的是，他每天在阳台上浇的水最后都落到迈奇家的地板上，也
经常洒在毫无防备的迈奇夫妇身上。
Keith Smith，a keen gardener and fish collector，moved into the flat above the McKays two weeks ago.He often sent much water 1.____ his balcony，which always ended up on the McKays' floor，and even on the McKays.What's worse，sometimes Smith cleaned his fish tanks and poured the waste water on the balcony，which also 2.________ (shower) down on the McKays' clothes.And they could hardly get rid 3.___ the smell of fish.Last Saturday was James' birthday.They were celebrating at home in the evening，James was about 4._______ (blow) his birthday candles out 5._____ the water
over
showered
of
to blow
when
from above got them and the cake wet through.Immediately，he jumped up，moved to the upstairs 6.______ (quick) in a flash and hit Smith over the head with his 7.________ (walk) stick.
8._______ (arrest) by the police，James had to stay in a cell for a whole night.After he left the police station，many 9._________ (supporter) welcomed him and sang him “Happy Birthday”，which made him feel 10._______ (excite).From then on，his neighbour also changed his habits.
quickly
walking
Arrested
supporters
excited
1.If you were Ma Ming's neighbour，how would you balance respecting his passion for music while protecting your right to a peaceful living environment
_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.What lesson can we learn from James McKay's story about handling repeated annoyances in daily life
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I would politely discuss the issue with Ma Ming，suggesting specific quiet hours or
soundproofing solutions.Respect and compromise are key to resolving conflicts peacefully.
The story teaches us to address problems calmly through communication before frustration
leads to rash actions.Patience and dialogue prevent unnecessary conflicts.
Ⅰ.阅读词汇
1.compromise n.　　 A.击鼓，打鼓
2.plug vt. B.折中，妥协
3.drummer n. C.阳台
4.drum vi. D.鼓手
5.chorus n. E.着迷的，有强烈兴趣的
6.bitter adj. F.愤愤不平的；带来痛苦的；令人难过的；苦的
7.literally adv. G.确实地
8.keen adj. H.把……塞住，堵塞；填塞
9.balcony n. I.无提防之心的，无疑心的
10.unsuspecting adj. J.齐声；副歌；合唱团
答案　1～5　BHDAJ　6～10　FGECI
Ⅱ.核心词汇
1._________ adv.　 有点，有几分
2._______ vt. 监督；监视；监测，检测
n. 显示器，监视器
3.__________ n. 自制力；自我控制
4.____ n. (储存液体或气体的)箱，罐
5.____ vi.& vt. 打包
n. 包，包裹
6.____ n. 投票(指行为)；票数
somewhat
monitor
self-control
tank
pack
vote
7._____ vi.& vt. 停止，终止，结束
8._______ n. 房产；所有物；财产
9._______ adv. (非正式)尽管如此；至少
10.______ adj. 偏僻的，偏远的
11._____ n. 边缘，外围
12._____ vt. 逮捕，拘捕；抑制；阻止
13._____ n. (男装)裁缝
14._____ vi.& vt. 回想，回忆起
cease
property
anyhow
remote
edge
arrest
tailor
recall
Ⅲ.拓展词汇
1.________ vi.& vt.谈判，协商→negotiation n.谈判，协商
2.________ vi.& vt.询问，打听→inquiry n.探究；调查；质询；询价
3. _______ vt.解决(问题、困难)；下决心；决定；坚决 n.决心→resolution n.决议；解决；正式决定
4. ________ adj.讨厌的，令人气恼的→annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气→________ adj.烦恼的，生气的→annoyance n.恼怒，烦恼；使人烦恼的事
5. ____________ n.不便，麻烦→inconvenient adj.不便的，麻烦的
6. ______ vt.发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→detective n.侦探→detector n.探测器→detection n.发现，察觉
7. ________ adj.内疚的，惭愧的→shame n.惭愧→shameful adj.羞愧的
negotiate
inquire
resolve
annoying
annoyed
inconvenience
detect
ashamed
8.________ n.成熟→mature adj.成熟的
9.______ vt.分配，分派，指派(任务)→assignment n.作业；任务；分配
10._________ n.投诉→complain vi.抱怨；发牢骚
11._______ n.警告，警示；告诫→warn vt.提醒注意；劝告；警告；告诫
12._________ n.离开，起程→depart v.出发；起程
13.__________ adj.有偏见的，有成见的，歧视的→prejudice n.偏见，成见
14.________ adj.礼貌而友善的，和蔼可亲的→pleasure n.乐趣→please v.使高兴
maturity
assign
complaint
warning
departure
prejudiced
pleasant
15._______ n.暴力行为，暴力→violent adj.暴力的→violently adv.激烈地，剧烈地；凶猛地，暴力地
16._______ vt.忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容→tolerance n.容忍；忍受，忍耐力；宽容→tolerant adj.忍受的；容忍的；宽容的
17.______ vi.& vt.(使)担心，(使)生气，(使)苦恼 n.麻烦；困难；麻烦的事；讨厌的人→bothersome adj.引起麻烦的；困扰人的
violence
tolerate
bother
Ⅳ.核心短语
1.____________ 　　　　　 暴露于
2._________ 有麻烦
3.__________ 采取行动
4.___________ 吹灭
5._____________ 在……的边缘
6.___________ 从那以后
7.____________________ 对……有不良的影响
8.________ 去掉，摆脱
be exposed to
in trouble
take action
blow sth out
on the edge of
from then on
have a bad influence on
get rid of
9.be driven mad _______
10.be prejudiced against _____________
11.end up _____
12.wet through _____
13.in a flash _____________
14.once too often _____
15.a large crowd of _______
16.hit sb over the head ___________
使发疯
对……有偏见
最终
湿透
转瞬，一瞬间
多次
一大群
打某人的头
Ⅴ.经典句式
1.“not...without...”表示双重否定
They ______________________________________________.
他们要是不堵住耳朵就不能放松或看书。
2.动词-ing形式短语作主语
__________________ is important for people's health and，after such a chorus of complaints，we had to take action.
充足的睡眠对人们的健康很重要，接到这样的集体投诉，我们不得不采取行动。
couldn't relax or read a book without plugging their ears
Getting enough sleep
3.“not only...but also...”意为“不仅……而且……”
She added that ___________________ falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered them，______________ he cleaned his fish tanks.
她还说，困扰他们的不仅是史密斯浇花时洒到阳台上的水，还有他清理鱼缸的方式。
4.“be doing...when...”意为“正在做……这时……”
We'd _______________________________________，when suddenly so much water would come from above that we'd be as wet as if we had showered with our clothes on!
我们本来开开心心地坐在那里看报纸，这时突然很多水从天而降，我们就好像穿着衣服洗澡一样全身湿透！
it wasn't only the water
but also the way
be sitting there happily reading our newspapers
词汇精研
1.pack vi.& vt.打包；捆扎；包装；挤满，塞满 n.包，包裹；一伙(人)，一帮(人)；大量，一大堆 (packed adj.拥挤的，大量的→package n.包裹)
[佳句背诵]　Remember to pack warm clothes in case the weather gets colder during your trip.(应用文写作之建议信)
记得打包保暖衣物，以防旅行中天气变冷。
(1)pack B in/into A＝pack A with B 把B装入A
pack up 把……打包，收好；停止，结束
be packed with 挤满了
(2)a pack of 一包；(野兽等的)一群；一盒
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①He packed the gift carefully ______ a box，hoping it would bring a smile to her face.
②她匆忙收拾起童年珍宝，每张照片都像刺入心脏的利刃。
She hastily ____________________________，each photo a dagger piercing her heart.
③他把所有的衣服都装入了箱子，然后出发去北京了。
→He ________________________________ and left for Beijing.
→He ________________________________ and left for Beijing.
in/into
packed up her childhood treasures
packed all his clothes into the suitcase
packed the suitcase with all his clothes
2.complaint n.投诉；抱怨；怨言；不满，委屈 (complain vi.抱怨；发牢骚)
[教材原句]　He moved out of his rented flat after complaints from his neighbours about disturbing the peace.
邻居们投诉他扰乱社区的宁静后，他从租来的公寓里搬了出来。
(1)complain (to sb) of/about (doing) sth (向某人)抱怨(做)某事
complain(to sb)that... (向某人)抱怨……
(2)make a complaint about/against... 投诉/抱怨……
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2025·北京卷)Instead of simply __________ (complain)，he decided to do something about it.
②The American couple complained _______ the high cost of visiting Europe.
③The police received several __________ (complain) about the noise from our party.
④我写信是要对贵酒店的服务提出投诉。
I am writing to _____________________________ of your hotel.(应用文写作之投诉信)
complaining
of/about
complaints
make a complaint about the service
3.warning n.警告，警示；告诫 (warn v.提醒注意；劝告；警告；告诫)
[佳句背诵]　A red safety warning has been issued for coastal areas due to approaching typhoon.
因台风临近，沿海地区已发布红色安全警示。
(1)without warning　　 不预先通知；突然地
(2)warn sb (not) to do sth 警告/告诫某人(不要)做某事
warn sb of/about/against sth 提醒/警告某人注意某事
warn sb that... 警告某人……
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/同义句转换
①She warns ___ the environmental dangers facing society，and she teaches that people must take responsibility for saving their environment.
②I warned her not _____ (go) near the dog，but she ignored me.
③The guidebook warns us ______ walking alone at night.
④They warned him not to swim in the lake.
→They _________________________ in the lake.
of
to go
against
warned him against swimming
4.arrest vt.逮捕，拘捕；吸引；抑制；阻止n.逮捕；拘捕；停止；中止
[佳句背诵]　(译林版选必四U1)Anyhow I couldn't arrest you myself，so I got a plain-clothes man to do the job.
不管怎样，我不能亲自逮捕你，所以我找了一个便衣来完成这项工作。
(1)arrest/catch/draw/attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意
arrest sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事而逮捕某人
get arrested 遭逮捕
(2)be under arrest 被捕，被拘留
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Fifteen persons were _____ arrest because of the serious violence.
②霓虹灯牌吸引了他的注意，光芒在雨夜中晕染。
The neon sign __________________，its glow bleeding into the rainy night.
③这个年轻人因为偷了邻居的电脑而被逮捕了。
The young man _________________________ his neighbour's computer.
under
arrested his attention
was arrested for having stolen
5.tailor n.(男装)裁缝vt.定做，专门制作 (tailored adj.定做的，合身的；特制的，专门的)
[佳句背诵]　She tailored the old dress into a skirt，hoping to wear it to the school dance.(读后续写之动作描写)
她将旧连衣裙改制成一条裙子，希望能穿着去参加学校舞会。
(1)tailor...to...　 根据……调整/定制……
be tailored for sb 为某人专门设计
(2)tailored solution/approach 量身定制的解决方案/方法
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2025·浙江1月卷)Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications ___ their interests.
②在未来，广告将更多地了解个人客户，并向他们发送针对特定需求的广告。
(译林版选必二 U1)In the future，advertising will be even more about understanding individual customers and sending them advertisements that ____________ specific needs.
to
are tailored to
6.tolerate vt.忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容 (tolerant adj.容忍的；宽容的→tolerance n.容忍)
[佳句背诵]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
没有哪个编辑会容忍一个不愿花心思正确拼写单词的作家。
(1)tolerate doing sth 容忍/容许做某事
(2)be tolerant of/towards... 对……宽容；容忍……
(3)show tolerance towards sb 容忍某人
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I couldn't tolerate ______________ (interrupt) when I was editing my book.
②We must learn to be tolerant _________ different cultures especially when we live in a multi-cultural society.
③她对淘气的孩子们的宽容反映了一种比海洋更深的耐心。
Her _______________ the naughty children reflected a patience deeper than the ocean.
[名师点津]　 表示“容忍，忍受”的其他表达方式:bear，stand，put up with等。
being interrupted
of/towards
tolerance towards
7.bother vi.& vt.(使)担心，(使)生气，(使)苦恼n.麻烦；困难；麻烦的事；讨厌的人(bothersome adj.引起麻烦的；困扰人的)
[教材原句]　She added that it wasn't only the water falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered them，but also the way he cleaned his fish tanks.
她还说，困扰他们的不仅是史密斯浇花时洒到阳台上的水，还有他清理鱼缸的方式。
(1)bother to do/doing sth　　　　 费心做某事
bother sb to do... 麻烦某人做……
bother sb with/about sth 为某事打扰或麻烦某人
It bothers/bothered sb that.../to do... 使某人苦恼的是……
(2)have (no) bother (in) doing sth (不)费劲/(没有)有麻烦做某事
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2024·浙江1月卷)For a few months after the“library”opened，I didn't bother ___________
(take) a look，as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love stories.
②I'm sorry ________ (bother) you，but I have some difficulties here and need your help.(应用文写作之求助信)
③尽管他假装不在意，但全班同学嘲笑他的新发型让他很困扰。
________________ everyone in class laughed at his new haircut，though he pretended not to care.(读后续写之心理描写)
[名师点津]　 bother作“麻烦；困难”讲时，是不可数名词；作“令人烦恼的事物；讨厌的人”讲时，是可数名词。
to take/taking
to bother
It bothered him that
句式剖析
1.“not...without...”表示双重否定
[教材原句]　They couldn't relax or read a book without plugging their ears.
他们要是不堵住耳朵就不能放松或看书。
[佳句背诵]　Man can not live without food and plants can not grow without sunshine.
人没有食物不能生存，植物没有阳光不能生长。
(1)“not...without...”意为“没有……就不能……”，这是一种双重否定句式，表示肯定意义。其中否定词也可以是no、never或加否定前缀构成的具有否定意义的词。
(2)常见的用否定形式表示肯定意义的结构还有:
cannot...too/enough/over...　　　　 无论怎样……也不为过
cannot wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事
cannot help doing sth 禁不住/忍不住做某事
nothing/not/no...impossible... 没有……不/不可能……
no/never/hardly...without... 没有……不……；除……不……
[即时训练]　完成句子
①你再怎么重视这件事也不为过。
You ______________________________ the matter.
②没有努力就没有成功，因此即使面临困难也要继续努力。
No success comes ____________，so keep working hard even when facing difficulties.
③国庆节假期期间，我迫不及待地去参观西安的几个景点，例如，兵马俑和西安城墙。
During the National Day holiday，__________________________________ in Xi'an，such as the Terracotta Army and the City Wall.(应用文写作之活动介绍)
can't attach too much importance to
without effort
I couldn't wait to visit several scenic spots
2.“be doing...when...”意为“正在做……这时……”
[教材原句]　We'd be sitting there happily reading our newspapers, when suddenly so much water would come from above that we'd be as wet as if we had showered with our clothes on!
我们本来开开心心地坐在那里看报纸，这时突然很多水从天而降，我们就好像穿着衣服洗澡一样全身湿透！
[佳句背诵]　(外研版必修一U1)I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me.
当我正在看布告栏上的照片时，身后忽然传来一个声音。
“be doing...when...”句型中的when表示“这时”之意，为并列连词，还用于以下三种句型:
(1)be about to do...when...　 正要做……这时……
(2)be on the point of doing...when... 正要做……这时……
(3)had just done...when... 刚做完……这时……
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①They had just finished the last question _____ the bell announced the end of the exam.
②他们正要离开露营地，这时一只迷路的小狗可怜地呜咽着向他们跑来。
They _________________________________ a lost puppy ran towards them，whining pitifully.(读后续写之动作描写)
③辛苦了一天后，我正要上床睡觉，这时电话响了。
→__________________________________________________ the phone rang.(on the point of doing...when...)
→__________________________________________ the phone rang.(be about to do...when...)
when
were about to leave the campsite when
I was on the point of going to bed after a very hard day when
I was about to go to bed after a very hard day when
①Ma Ming，drummer for the rock band“Storm”，had to pack his bags.
②They couldn't relax or read a book without plugging their ears.
③We told him that he ought to cease drumming or leave the property...
④“Life will go back to normal now，” they said.
⑤“For the last two weeks，since Smith moved into the flat above us，we dared not go onto our balcony，”said Laurene.
⑥We could hardly get rid of the smell of fish!
⑦The candles were a great sight as you can imagine，but James didn't get to blow them out.
情态动词
[归纳填空]
以上句子①②③④⑤⑥⑦中加黑部分均为_________，其中句①中加黑部分意为“_______”；句②⑥⑦中加黑部分意为“______”；句③中加黑部分意为“______”；句④中加黑部分意为“_____”；句⑤中加黑部分意为“_________”。
情态动词
不得不
能，会
应该
将要
敢，敢于
一、情态动词的基本用法
1.can/could
(1)表示能力，意为“能，会”。
You can improve your writing skills by practicing daily and reading classic essays.
你可以通过每天练习和阅读经典散文来提高写作能力。
It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying.
过了好几分钟，我才能理解他说的是什么。
(2)表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定或疑问句中。can比could语气强。
Could the library be closed earlier during the winter vacation？I need to confirm the schedule.
图书馆在寒假期间可能会提前闭馆吗？我需要确认一下时间安排。
(3)表示请求或许可。在疑问句中，could可以代替can，语气更加委婉。
“Could I borrow your umbrella？It's pouring outside，”Tom asked anxiously.
“我能借你的伞吗？外面下大雨了，”汤姆焦急地问道。
(4)表示理论上的可能性。
Always believe that good things are possible，and remember that mistakes can be lessons that lead to discoveries.
要始终相信美好事物是可能的，记住失误也会变成经验教训，从而获得更多发现。
(5)用于否定句和疑问句，表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信等态度。
He can't/couldn't do this.
他不可能这样做。(表示不相信)
Can this be done by him
这可能是他做的吗？(表示疑惑、惊讶)
(6)用于固定结构中。
①can't...too/enough意为“无论……也不为过；越……越好”。
I can't thank you enough for helping me through the toughest time in my life.
我再怎么感谢你都不足以表达你帮我度过人生最艰难时期的恩情。
You can't be too careful when a young child is near water.
一个小孩在水边时，你还是越小心越好。
②can't help doing sth意为“禁不住做某事”。
Hearing this story，I couldn't help laughing.
听到这个故事，我禁不住大笑起来。
can与be able to的用法区别
can和be able to都可以表示能力，二者有时可互换。但be able to可以表示“成功完成某事”，且有更多时态和人称的变化；且可与某些情态动词或系动词连用，如might、ought to、seem等；还可用非谓语动词形式。
If you are careful enough，you will be able to work out this problem.
如果你足够仔细，那么你就能做出这道题。
He seemed to be able to put complicated thoughts into simple words.
他似乎能把复杂的想法用简单的话语说出来。
She grasped my hand，not being able to say anything.
她抓着我的手，什么话也说不出来。
2.may/might
(1)表示请求或许可。在疑问句中，might可以代替may，语气更加委婉。
May I ask if you are fond of traveling by ship
我可以问一下你是否喜欢乘船旅行？
Might I borrow your computer
我可以借一下你的电脑吗？
(2)表示可能性，可以对现在、过去或将来进行推测。通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may语气弱。
Parents may scold their children when their rooms are untidy but they should also understand that their rooms are their own private space.
当孩子们的房间不整洁时，父母也许会责骂孩子，但他们也应该理解孩子们的房间是他们的私人空间。
If you forgot to turn it off when you went away，you might burn down the house.
如果你离开时忘记关掉它，你可能会把整个房子都烧毁。
(3)表示祝愿，常用结构为“May＋主语＋动词原形！”。
May you succeed! 祝你成功！
(4)用于固定结构“may/might as well＋动词原形”中，意为“最好，倒不如”。
Since it is raining hard，you may as well stay here.既然雨下得这么大，你倒不如待在这儿。
3.must/have to
(1)must的用法
①表示义务，意为“必须”(主观意志)。回答must构成的一般疑问句时，若是否定回答，一般不用mustn't，而用needn't或者don't have to。
All participants must arrive at the school gate before 7 a.m.for the field trip.
所有参与者必须在早上7点前到达校门口参加实地考察。
②must常用于肯定句中，表示猜测、推测，意为“想必，一定”。其具体用法如下:
must do 对现在或未来的事进行猜测
must be doing 对正在进行的事进行猜测
must have done 对已经发生的事进行猜测
The light in her room is still on；she must be studying for the exam.
她房间的灯还亮着，她一定在为考试复习。
③用于否定句中，表示禁止，must not意为“绝不能，一定不要”。
“You mustn't touch the ancient relics，”the guide said strictly.
“你一定不要触摸这些古代遗迹，”导游严肃地说。
④表示“偏要，非要……不可”。
Why must he argue with me at the most critical moment
为什么他偏要在最关键的时刻和我争论？
(2)have to的用法
have to表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外，have to自身有人称和时态的变化。
It was then that I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on balancing family and work.
就在那时，我开始欣赏她不得不在平衡家庭和工作方面所做出的艰难选择。
4.shall
(1)用于第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
“Shall we help the old man carry his luggage？”Lily suggested.
“我们帮那位老人提行李好吗？”莉莉建议道。
(2)用于第二、三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等。
I promised he shall get a present for his birthday.
我许诺给他一份生日礼物。
(3)用于条约、规章、法令等，意为“必须”。
The club members shall wear uniforms.
俱乐部成员应该穿制服。
5.should/ought to
(1)表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。 表示责任或义务时，ought to等同于should，只是前者的语气稍重。
Why shouldn't we buy the lady a flower？It will make her feel better.
为什么我们不给那位女士买一朵花呢？这会让她感觉好一些。
You ought not to be so selfish.
你不应该这么自私。
(2)should表示出乎意料的语气，意为“竟然，居然”。
That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing.
他竟然那样对你说话，真是太令人惊讶了。
(3)should和ought to表示推测，指预期的可能性，意为“应该，估计”。
He ought to/should be here on time—he started early enough.
他应该按时到这里的——他很早就出发了。
6.will/would
(1)表示自愿或主动提出做某事，如意志、愿望或决定等。will指现在，would指过去。
—Can someone fetch some water
——有人能去取点水来吗？
—I will.
——我去。
(2)表示请求或要求，would比will更客气、委婉。而在句末时，用won't you表达邀请的语气。
Would you mind opening the window for me
你介意帮我打开窗户吗？
(3)will表示规律性，意为“注定会”。
Hard work will lead to success—history has proved it time and time again.
努力终将通向成功 ——历史已一次次证明这一点。
(4)will表示可能性。
If we keep going，the storm will pass before dusk.
如果我们继续前进，暴风雨可能在黄昏前结束。
7.need/dare
need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中；用作实义动词时，可用于各种时态。
(1)用作情态动词。
—Can you come with me
——你要和我一起去吗？
—No，I can't，Alice.I daren't.
——我不去了，艾丽丝。我不敢。
It's quite warm here；we needn't turn the heating on yet.
这里很暖和。我们还不必开暖气。
(2)用作实义动词。
You don't need to do it yourself.
你不必亲自做这件事。
Most people hate him but they don't dare to say so.
大多数人讨厌他，但不敢说出来。
[即时演练1]　用适当的情态动词或其否定形式填空
①You _____ emphasize environmental protection too much in your speech.
②Seasons will change，and so ____ people's attitudes towards life.
③—I am sure I saw Brian in the park this morning.
—You _____ be imagining things.He left for America last night.
④—Is John coming by bus
—I'm not sure.He should，but he ________________.He likes riding his bike.
⑤—How's your tour around that lake？Is it beautiful
—It ______ be，but it is now heavily polluted.
can't
will
must
may not/might not
should
⑥If you don't have a guide，you ____ lose your way.
⑦Students ________ bring mobile phones into the exam room.
⑧We _____ carry on till success in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
⑨He _____ be in the dressing room，because I saw him go out just now.
⑩I will go shopping right now，but you ______ go with me.
will
must not
must
can't
needn't
二、“情态动词＋have done”的用法
1.表示对过去情况的猜测或估计。
(1)can/could have done用于否定句或疑问句，表示对过去情况的可能性的否定或质疑。其否定形式意为“不可能/不会(已经)……的”；其疑问形式意为“可能/也许(已经)……了吗？”。could比can语气更缓和，表达更不肯定的推测。
I couldn't have been more than six years old when the accident happened.
事故发生时我不可能超过六岁。
(2)may/might have done用于肯定句或否定句，表示对过去情况发生的可能性的不确定猜测。其肯定形式意为“可能/也许(已经)……了”，其否定形式意为“可能/或许还没有……”。might比may语气更加委婉和含蓄，表示的可能性更小。
I think she may have gone to the library.
我想她可能去图书馆了。
2.表示对过去发生之事的后悔、遗憾、责备等情绪，至于具体表示的意义则由所用的情态动词及其结构而定。
(1)should/ought to have done表示对过去没有做某事的遗憾、后悔甚至责备等情绪，意为“本该做……的(但却没有做……)”；shouldn't/oughtn't to have done表示对过去做了某事的遗憾、后悔甚至责备等情绪，意为“本来不该做……的(但却已经做……了)”。
He ought to have helped his friend in trouble，but he chose to stay silent.
他本该帮助陷入困境的朋友，但却选择了沉默。
(2)could have done表示对过去本来能够完成但却没有完成的较委婉的批评或对过去情况含有不满情绪的提议，意为“本来能够做……的”。
He paid for a seat，when he could have entered free.
他付了座位费，他本来是能够免费入场的。
(3)might have done表示对过去没有做成某事的遗憾或责备，意为“本可以做……的”。
I might have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
如果我学习更用功一点，我本可以通过考试的。
[即时演练2]　用“情态动词＋have done”完成句子
①昨天晚上他不可能看了电视，因为他知道就要考试了。
He ______________________ last night，for he knew he would have a test.
②莉萨本该在徒步前查看地图的，否则她就不会迷路了。
Lisa ________________________ before hiking，or she wouldn't have got lost.
③他们本来能够成功发射这颗卫星的。
They _________________________ successfully.
④你可能已经在报纸上看过这个消息了。
You _______________________________ in the newspapers.
⑤汤姆本不该谎报考试成绩的，但他羞于说出真相。
Tom _______________________ his exam score，but he was too ashamed to tell the truth.
couldn't have watched TV
should have checked the map
could have sent up the satellite
might/may have read about the news
oughtn't to have lied about
Ⅰ.用情态动词或括号内动词的适当形式填空
1.(2024·浙江1月卷)However，though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages，it would help even more if they could sometimes _________ (offer) in smaller packs.
2.If you _____ have a cigarette，choose a seat in the first row of the smoking section.
3.According to a released regulation on online video services，no one _____ generate，release or spread fake news or information by using technology.
4.When we worked in the same firm several years ago，we ______ go to the cinema together every weekend.
5.The project _____ be completed by Friday，or we'll face penalties.
be offered
must
shall
would
must
6.It was an easy test and he _________________ (pass)，but he didn't.
7.He _____________ (do) it all by himself for there was no one else in the house to turn to for help.
8.If you don't want to go swimming，you __________ as well stay at home.Actually，it is up to you to decide.
9.Every language is worthy of respect and _______ be treated equally.
10.She did not know what pursuing dance _______ bring her，but only took on the challenge with her full passion and love for dance.
should have passed
must have done
may/might
should
would
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1.你可以在那个公司找一份工作，那里有关环境方面的工作报酬更高。
You ____________________ in that company where environmental jobs are better paid.
2.我恐怕他今天不会来参加会议了。
I'm afraid he _______________________________ today.
3.史密斯先生不可能去北京了，因为我刚才在图书馆看见他了。
Mr Smith ______________________，for I saw him in the library just now.
could/can look for a job
might not come to attend the meeting
can't have gone to Beijing
4.莉萨本来能够赶上末班车的，但她停下来帮助一位老人过马路了。
Lisa _________________________，but she stopped to help an old man cross the street.
5.如果你非要走，至少也要等雨停了。
If you _______，at least wait till the rain stops.
6.他的汉语说得这么好，他一定学了很长时间的汉语。
His Chinese is spoken so well；he _______________________ for a long time.
could have caught the last bus
must go
must have learned Chinese
Ⅰ.品句填词(每小题1分，共8分)
1.The police _______ (逮捕) the suspect who had been on the run for three years，finally solving the mysterious case.
2.She sat on the _____ (边缘) of the cliff，her gaze fixed on the endless ocean as memories flooded her mind.
3.They discovered a _______ (偏远的) village where time seemed to stand still，untouched by the chaos of the modern world.
4.Despite the heavy __________ (任务)，she managed to balance study and volunteer work with excellent time management.
arrested
(满分：73分)
edge
remote
assignments
5.Please do not hesitate to contact me if you need any help—never _____ (麻烦) to ask for clarification.
6.She struggled to _____ (回忆) the details of the dream，but only fragments of images lingered in her mind.
7.The travel agency offers a special package that includes flights，accommodation，and ______ (打包) meals for the entire trip.
8.They worked together to _______ (解决) the conflict，finally understanding that compromise was the key to reconciliation.
bother
recall
packed
resolve
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1.Her most ________ (annoy) habit was eating with her mouth open.
2.Tom should be ________ (shame) of himself for cheating in the exam.
3.Mysteries and ________ (detect) stories came second on the list at 53%.
4.The rent is a matter for ___________ (negotiate) between the landlord and the tenant.
5.He apologized for the ____________ (inconvenient) caused by his late arrival，explaining that the traffic jam was unexpected.
6.The dark clouds served as a _______ (warn) that a storm was approaching，so they hurried to pack their belongings.
annoying
ashamed
detective
negotiation
inconvenience
warning
7.Your prompt response to my _________ (complain) would be highly appreciated，as the issue needs urgent resolution.
8.I appeal everyone to show more ________ (tolerant) towards cultural differences during the international exchange event.
9.Few people will admit to being racially __________ (prejudice).
10.He hid behind the curtain _________ (monitor) the stranger's movements，his heart pounding with fear and curiosity.
complaint
tolerance
prejudiced
to monitor
Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题3分，共15分)
1.众所周知，没有奉献和挫折就没有任何成就。(双重否定)
It is known to us that ____________________________ dedication and frustration.
2.探索神秘的洞穴使他们与一处隐藏的瀑布不期而遇，令他们惊叹不已。(动词-ing形式作主语)
__________________________ brought them face-to-face with a hidden waterfall，taking their breath away.
3.他的道歉不仅缓解了她的愤怒，还修复了已经紧张数月的友谊。(not only...but also...)
His apology _______ eased her anger __________________________ that had been strained for months.
nothing can be achieved without
Exploring the mysterious cave
not only
but also mended the friendship
4.她正在给朋友写信，这时一只流浪猫从窗户跳了进来，吓了她一跳。(be doing...when...)
She ________________________________ a stray cat jumped in through the window，startling her.
5.令老人生气的是，邻居的狗每晚都大声吠叫，打扰他的睡眠。(It annoys sb that...)
_______________________ his neighbour's dog barked loudly every night，disturbing his sleep.
was writing a letter to her friend when
It annoyed the old man that
Ⅳ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
(2025·广州调研)Arm-wrestling (掰手腕) was one of my favorite ways of playing with my brothers growing up.It allowed my younger brother and me to test our strength without getting tackled.I also put up a good fight when arm-wrestling with my older brother and his friends.Their greater strength and experience made the challenge even more interesting.Every match seemed to end in a good laugh，no matter who won.
Now I'm a scientist who studies animals in the wild.I have seen that playing is a great way to socialize；there is so much more to play than fun and games.When humans and other animals play，they are building trust with siblings and friends.They learn how far they can push their partners before anyone becomes angry or physically hurt.That's called “testing boundaries”.
Older playmates may self-handicap，appearing to be less competent than they really are to help younger players learn skills and explore their abilities.Play offers a safe space，where everyone knows the rules and can experiment with new ways to move，think，and respond to others.
Over the past 30 years，I've learned a lot about play by watching young male elephants test their strength through sparring (拳击) games with their friends and superiors.Group sparring matches are common at sunset，when several different elephant families show up at the water hole to drink.
After the initial excitement of the arrival and a good long drink，young males slip away from the sides of their watchful moms and aunts to form sparring rings.An elder sister makes sure that the playing doesn't get out of hand，so she is ever present with a trunk on the back or over the head to calm the enthusiasm.That way，the younger males don't end up on the bottom of the pile.
Watching young elephants spar reminds me that play should be part of our everyday schedule—the less structure，the better.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了掰手腕这一游戏在作者成长过程中的意义，以及玩耍对于人类和动物社交、学习技能、建立信任等的重要性。
1.What does the author want to say by mentioning his/her childhood experience
A.Winning is not the true meaning of play.
B.Children prefer to play traditional games.
C.Play is essential in children's development.
D.Arm-wrestling is a safe way to test strength.
解析　C　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句以及最后一句可知，无论谁赢，我们都很享受小时候掰手腕的游戏，第二段引出自己作为野生动物科学家，阐述关于玩耍在社交等方面的重要意义。由此可推知，作者提及童年掰手腕的经历是为了引出玩耍对于成长发展的重要作用。故选C。
2.What benefit of play does the author emphasize
A.It brings fun.
B.It enables boundary breaking.
C.It settles conflicts.
D.It develops socializing skills.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中“a great way to socialize”可知，作者认为玩耍是一种很好的社交方式。故选D。
3.How do older playmates help the younger to learn during playtime
A.By pretending to be weaker.
B.By warning them of risks.
C.By testing their competence.
D.By teaching necessary skills.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Older playmates may self-handicap...help younger players learn skills and explore their abilities.”可知，年长玩伴是通过假装自己能力比较差来帮助年轻的玩伴。故选A。
4.How would the author describe the elephant's sparring games
A.Safe and fair.
B.Not strictly controlled.
C.Well-organized.
D.Highly competitive.
解析　B　推理判断题。根据第五段“An elder sister...the younger males don't end up on the bottom of the pile.”可知，年长的姐姐用象鼻放在后背或头上来确保年幼的雄性大象陷入危险境地，但并没有严格的、完整细致的管控体系，故选B。
B
(2025·山东烟台高二下期末)Having spent numerous hours of her middle school days working on the SmartCane，a sensor-enabled walking assistance stick intended for people with vision problems，Riya Karumanchi made it and won multiple awards for it.Her inspiration for the cane was stimulated when she visited a friend's house and spotted his blind grandmother struggling with her moving and sensing.She found herself feeling sympathy for her helplessness and bitterness.
Riya's initial idea began with smart shoes，which would provide feedback in the form of vibration (震动) to guide the wearers to their destinations.However，if the shoes were to lose power，it would leave the users stuck where they were.“The reason why we chose to adopt the technology on the SmartCane was that if it failed to work，we wouldn't be putting the user at risk，” said Riya.
Her next idea built upon the traditional white cane for the blind by adding an ultrasonic sensor that could detect barriers above the knee level.Vibration motors in the cane's handle indicate barriers to the user.However，Riya didn't want to stop there and added a panic button that would alert emergency services.For example，the cane's handle would vibrate twice for “turn right”，and once for “turn left’.
Along the way to developing her full-featured design，Riya took advantage of every opportunity she had to get exposure for her design，to receive feedback on it and advance it.She first presented it at her school and regional science fair with her partner.She then took her design to a challenge to create a health-care product，where Riya joined a team of eight participants and set to work developing the SmartCane's cutting-edge features.
“I met with many real-world challenges in the project.For example，people may not always like your idea.So you have to put in effort and time to improve it continually.I got a taste of real life.Now I've got used to presenting my ideas，talking to judges，answering questions，and managing my time between school and the SmartCane projects，” said Riya.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了丽雅·卡鲁曼希看到朋友的奶奶失明而产生制作智能手杖的想法，并最终实现愿望。
5.What set off Riya's idea for the invention of SmartCane
A.Her wish for a prize.
B.The request from her friend.
C.The school assignment.
D.Her pity for a visually disabled lady.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“Her inspiration for the cane...sympathy for her helplessness and bitterness.”可知，丽雅看到朋友失明的奶奶行动困难，对她的无助感到同情，激发了她发明智能手杖的灵感，故选D。
6.What is the problem with smart shoes
A.Their power failure will trap users.
B.They can't give real-time feedback.
C.They're heavy and uncomfortable to wear.
D.Their sensors will lead users to wrong positions.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“However，if the shoes were to lose power，it would leave the users stuck where they were.”可知，智能鞋以振动的形式提供反馈，如果没电了，会让使用者被困在原地。故选A。
7.What quality of Riya is highlighted in paragraphs 3 and 4
A.Her generosity.
B.Her innovative spirit.
C.Her cooperativeness.
D.Her optimistic attitude.
解析　B　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，丽雅在传统盲人手杖基础上不断创新，添加超声波传感器、紧急按钮等功能，结合第四段第一句可知，丽雅利用各种机会改进设计，这都体现了她的创新精神。故选B。
8.How has the project affected Riya
A.It has shifted her personality.
B.She has acquired many skills.
C.She has experienced loneliness.
D.It has solidified her belief in humanity.
解析　B　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，通过这个项目，丽雅习惯了展示自己的想法、与评委交流、回答问题以及管理自己在学校和智能手杖项目之间的时间，即她获得了很多技能。故选B。
Ⅴ.完形填空 (每小题1分，共15分)
Pavlik，a 51-year-old part-time worker at Trader Joe's，had a passion for helping others outside of his job.He spends his free time 1 stolen bikes around Minneapolis.Known for his clever and daring 2 ，he has reunited countless owners with their 3 bicycles.
One day，Pavlik 4 a tip about a stolen bike being 5 online.Pretending to be a potential 6 ，he dressed himself in casual pants and a sport coat to meet the seller.At the meet-up，he 7 the bike carefully，noting its make，model，and unique markings.It was definitely the one he was 8 .
Pavlik asked to take it for a test ride.The seller 9 briefly before asking for some -10 .Pavlik looked at him straight in the eye and said，“Do I look like the kind of guy that steals bikes，man？”The seller，uneasy with the question，laughed 11 and hesitantly handed over the bike.
Pavlik rode off，feeling extremely 12 .An hour later，as he was handing the bike to its rightful owner，he received a 13 from the seller:“I guess you're not coming back？”Pavlik smiled and replied，“You guessed right.”
“I like the ability to make others happy.And 14 bikes can be strangely fun and addictive，”he said.Having every stolen bike returned was also a small 15 for the community，a symbol of progress and harmony.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了兼职工作者帕夫利克追踪并找回被盗自行车，让无数车主与丢失的自行车重聚，展现了他乐于助人的品质，以及这种行为给社区带来的积极影响。
1. A.tracking down B.picking up
C.breaking down D.sorting out
解析　A　根据下文“he has reunited countless owners with their bicycles”以及最后一段最后一句中“Having every stolen bike returned”可知，51岁的兼职工作者帕夫利克业余时间追踪(tracking down)被盗的自行车。
2. A.devotions B.efforts
C.methods D.decisions
解析　C　根据上文“Known for his clever and daring”可知，他采用聪明和大胆的方法(methods)，让无数车主与丢失的自行车重聚。
3. A.new B.broken
C.lost D.old
解析　C　根据上文“stolen bikes around Minneapolis”可知，此处表示让车主和丢失的(lost)自行车重聚。
4. A.selected B.shared
C.rejected D.received
解析　D　根据下文“a tip about a stolen bike being online”可知，帕夫利克收到了(received)一条线索。
5. A.posted B.sold
C.discussed D.shown
解析　B　根据下文“meet the seller”可知，帕夫利克假装买家去见卖家，此处表示自行车在网上出售(sold)。
6. A.buyer B.seller
C.worker D.officer
解析　A　根据下文“he dressed himself in casual pants and a sport coat to meet the seller”可知，帕夫利克乔装打扮去见卖家，说明他把自己假装成买家(buyer)。
7. A.fixed B.balanced
C.adjusted D.examined
解析　D　根据下文“the bike carefully，noting its make，model，and unique markings”可知，与卖方见面时，帕夫利克记下了自行车的品牌、型号和独特的标记，仔细检查(examined)自行车。
8. A.admiring B.hunting
C.evaluating D.picturing
解析　B　根据上文“Pavlik a tip about a stolen bike being online”可知，帕夫利克被售卖的自行车和丢失自行车核对准确后，确定这是一直在寻找(hunting)的那辆自行车。
9. A.laughed B.interrupted
C.approved D.hesitated
解析　D　根据上文“Pavlik asked to take it for a test ride.”以及下文“and hesitantly handed over the bike”可推知，帕夫利克要求试骑自行车，卖家犹豫了(hesitated)一下。
10. A.explanation B.consideration
C.guarantee D.evidence
解析　C　根据上文“Pavlik asked to take it for a test ride.”以及常识可知，卖家要求帕夫利克试骑自行车之前，要做出一些保证(guarantee)。
11. A.loudly B.awkwardly
C.heartily D.unexpectedly
解析　B　根据帕夫利克的话以及上文“The seller，uneasy with the question”可知，卖家感到心虚和不安，是尴尬地(awkwardly)笑了笑。
12. A.confident B.anxious
C.excited D.guilty
解析　C　根据上文“Pavlik rode off”以及语境可知，帕夫利克成功拿到自行车，会感到非常兴奋(excited)。
13. A.text B.letter
C.complaint D.warning
解析　A　根据下文“I guess you're not coming back？”以及replied可知，帕夫利克收到卖家的一条短信(text)。
14. A.reserving B.exploring
C.recovering D.collecting
解析　C　根据下文“Having every stolen bike returned”可知，此处是指追回(recovering)丢失的自行车。
15. A.kindness B.victory
C.shock D.adventure
解析　B　根据上文“Having every stolen bike returned”以及常识可知，让每一辆被盗的自行车物归原主是社区的一个小胜利(victory)。