北师大版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT 12 INNOVATION Section Ⅳ LESSON 3课件

(共95张PPT)
主题语境：人与社会——创新
【原文呈现】
Stephen Hawking
On 14 March，2018，one of the world's most influential① scientists，Stephen Hawking，died at his home in England，aged 76.Hawking was famous，not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology②，but also for overcoming③ the challenges of ALS (a disease that affects④ muscle control).
【词汇积累】
①influential/ nflu'en l/adj.有影响力的
an influential figure有影响力的人物
a highly influential book十分有影响力的书
②cosmology/k z'm l d i/n.宇宙论，宇宙学
③overcome/ v 'k m/vt.克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜
④affect/ 'fekt/v.影响
affect our lives 影响我们的生活
Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January，1942，in Oxford.He went to the University of Oxford to study physics in 1959.[1]At the age of 21，when Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge，physicians discovered⑤ he had a rare，slow-progressing⑥ form of ALS. He was only expected⑦ to live for a few years.
⑤discover v.发现
discover sth by...通过……发现某物
⑥slow-progressing adj.缓慢进展的
⑦expect/ k'spekt/v.预料，预计；要求，期望
expect to do sth预计做某事；期望做某事
[1]本句是一个复合句。句中when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the age of 21；主句中包含一个省略了连接词that的宾语从句，作discovered的宾语。
Hawking later found a job at the Institute of Astronomy⑧ in Cambridge.In the early stages of his career，his illness got worse，but he was allowed⑨ to do research only rather than⑩ teach，which was easier for him.In 1985，he had to have an operation.As a result，he lost his speech.Soon his doctors developed a piece of speech-generating equipment that allowed him to speak.However，as his illness became worse，he lost the use of his hands.
⑧astronomy/ 'str n mi/n.天文学
⑨allow v.允许
allow sb/sth to do sth允许某人/某物做某事
allow doing sth允许做某事
⑩rather than而不是
or rather更确切地说
generate/'d en re t/v.产生，引起
generate electricity发电
generate heat/power产生热量/动力
Although Hawking's physical abilities declined over decades，he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.Hawking believed that the birth of the universe (the “Big Bang”) created many small black holes.His theory was that there was a sort of hole in the centre of a black hole.This hole led to another universe，completely separate from our own.
Hawking also wrote books.His 1988 book，A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes，sold one copy for every 750 people on Earth.However，many people could not really understand what he had written.Therefore，Hawking decided to write a simpler version，A Briefer History of Time(2005).
J
decline/d 'kla n/vi.减少，降低
cease v.停止，终止
cease to do sth＝cease doing sth停止做某事
copy n.一本，一册，一份；复印件，副本；原稿v. 抄写；模仿，效法；作弊
In The Grand Design (2010，with Leonard Mlodinow)，Hawking argued [2]that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe.[3]Instead of trying to find one big new explanation ，scientists should put together all the ideas that they already have.
grand/ɡr nd/adj.宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的
a grand design宏伟的蓝图
explanation/ ekspl 'ne ( )n/n.解释；讲解；说明
accept/offer/provide
an explanation接受/给予/提供解释
agree upon an explanation同意某一解释
put together汇集起来
bring...together把……召集起来
get...together收集；召集；凑足
[2]此处为that引导的宾语从句，其中动词不定式短语“to discover...the universe”在句中作定语，修饰way。
[3]本句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词all the ideas，且在从句中作宾语，不能用which代替。
At the opening of the London 2012 Olympics，Hawking said to a TV audience of 900 million people:“Look up at the stars and not down at your feet...be curious.”
In spite of his disease，Hawking didn't consider himself an unlucky man.He said it had not prevented him from having a family，and being successful in his work.“My expectations were reduced to zero when I was 21.Everything since then has been a bonus .”[4]And he believed this was because of the help he received from his family and a large number of people and organisations.
in spite of虽然；不顾；尽管
prevent/pr 'vent/v.阻止，阻碍
prevent sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
bonus/'b n s/n.意外收获，额外的好处；奖金；红利
a large number of大量的
a large amount of/a mass of大量的
[4]本句是一个复合句。其中“this was because of...organisations”为省略了连接词that的宾语从句；“he received...organisations”为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the help。
【参考译文】
斯蒂芬·霍金
2018年3月14日，世界上最有影响力的科学家之一，斯蒂芬·霍金在英格兰的家中去世，享年76岁。霍金之所以著名，不仅因其在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出研究，也因其克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战。
1942年1月8日斯蒂芬·霍金出生于牛津。1959年他进入牛津大学学习物理学。21岁那年，也是霍金在剑桥大学的第一年，医生发现他患有一种罕见的慢性肌萎缩侧索硬化症。据预言，他只能再活几年。
后来霍金在剑桥天文研究所找了一份工作。职业生涯一开始，他的病情就转而恶化，但是(研究所)允许他可以只做研究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易些。1985年，他不得不动手术。结果他丧失了说话能力。很快，医生为他开发了一种发声设备使他能够说话。然而，随着他病情的恶化，他的手也动不了了。
尽管在过去几十年里，霍金的身体机能下降了，但他从未停止过研究，并且对黑洞有了许多新的想法。霍金认为宇宙诞生(即“宇宙大爆炸”)时创造了许多小黑洞。他的理论是在黑洞的中心还有一种洞。这种洞通向另一个宇宙，与我们的世界完全分隔。
霍金还写书。1988年出版的《时间简史:从大爆炸到黑洞》一书，地球上平均每750人便购买过一本。然而，许多人并不能真正地理解他所写的内容。因此，霍金决定写一个简化的版本，即《时间简史》(2005)。
在《大设计》(2010年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著)一书中，霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。与其试图寻找一个全新的解释，科学家们不如把他们已经有的想法汇集起来。
2012年伦敦奥运会开幕式上，霍金对九亿电视观众说:“仰望星空，而不是俯视脚下……要保持好奇心。”
尽管霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。他说，这并没有阻碍他拥有家庭，也没有妨碍他在工作中取得成功。“21岁时，我的人生期望值降为零。从那以后，一切都是馈赠。”他认为自己所取得的一切都源于家人和许多人、组织的帮助。
1.What is the text mainly about
A.The introduction of Stephen Hawking and his scientific achievements.
B.The analysis of Stephen Hawking's theory.
C.The description of Stephen Hawking's books.
D.The introduction of Stephen Hawking's disease.
答案　A
2.Read the text quickly and get the main idea of each part.
A.The birth and education of Hawking.
B.The achievements of Hawking.
C.The death of Hawking and what he was famous for.
D.Hawking's attitude to life.
Part 1(Para.1):____
Part 2(Para.2):____
Part 3(Paras.3－6):____
Part 4(Paras.7－8):____
C
A
B
D
1.Which of the following is NOT what Stephen Hawking was famous for
A.His brilliant work in theoretical physics.
B.His overcoming the challenges of ALS.
C.His speech-generating equipment.
D.His considerable research in cosmology.
答案　C
2.When was Stephen Hawking diagnosed with his illness
A.His first year at the University of Oxford.
B.After he found a job in Cambridge.
C.After he raised the idea of black holes.
D.His first year at the University of Cambridge.
答案　D
3.What is NOT the result of his illness
A.He couldn't speak.
B.He had to stop his study and research.
C.He couldn't move his hands.
D.His physical abilities declined.
答案　B
4.What do you know about the simple version A Briefer History of Time
A.It was written in the year 1988.
B.It was co-authored with Leonard Mlodinow.
C.It was written to be more accessible to common people.
D.It sold well once it came out.
答案　C
5.What did Hawking mean by saying “Look up at the stars and not down at your feet...be curious.”？
A.We should often look up at the sky and admire the scenery.
B.We should be curious about what is on the ground.
C.We should focus on our everyday life.
D.We should be curious about nature and the simple things of life.
答案　D
表语
6.Why didn't Stephen Hawking consider himself an unlucky man
A.Because Hawking could write books.
B.Because his doctors developed a piece of speech-generating equipment.
C.Because he had a family，and was successful in his work.
D.Because he went to the University of Oxford to study.
答案　C
1.In the early stages of his career，his illness got worse，but he was allowed to do research only rather than teach，which was easier for him.
[句式分析]　本句是_________句，句中but连接了两个并列句，主语分别是________和___；第二个并列句中包含了which引导的_____________从句，修饰第二个并列句的主句内容。
[自主翻译]　_____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
并列复合
his illness
he
非限制性定语
职业生涯一开始，他的病情就转而恶化，但是(研究所)允许他可以只做
研究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易些。
2.Although Hawking's physical abilities declined over decades，he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.
[句式分析]　本句是_________句。Although引导_________从句，主句是由and连接的两个_______构成。
[自主翻译]　______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
主从复合
让步状语
并列句
尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能下降了，但他从未停止过研究，并
且对黑洞有了许多新的想法。
On 14 March，2018，one of the world's most 1._________ (influence) scientists，Stephen Hawking，died at his home in England，aged 76.
Stephen Hawking went to the University of Oxford 2._______ (study) physics in 1959.Hawking found a job at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge.In the early 3.______ (stage) of his career，his illness got worse，but he 4.___________ (allow) to do research only rather than teach.Soon his doctors developed a piece of speech-generating equipment that allowed him to speak.5.________ ，as his illness became worse，he lost the use of his hands.
influential
to study
stages
was allowed
However
Hawking's theory was that there was a sort of hole in the centre of a black hole.This hole led to another universe，completely separate 6._____ our own.Hawking also wrote books.His 1988 book，A Brief History of Time:From the Big Bang to Black Holes，7.____ (sell) one copy for every 750 people on Earth.Hawking argued that instead of 8._____ (try) to find one big new explanation，scientists should put together all the ideas that they already have.
9.___ the opening of the London 2012 Olympics，Hawking said to a TV audience of 900 million people:“Look up at the stars and not down at your feet…be curious.”In spite of his disease，Hawking didn't consider himself an 10._______ (lucky) man.He said it had not prevented him from having a family，and being successful in his work.
from
sold
trying
At
unlucky
Ⅰ.阅读词汇
1.incubation n.　　　　 A.博士学位
2.PhD n. B.宇宙论，宇宙学
3.cosmology n. C.孵化
答案　1～3　CAB
Ⅱ.核心词汇
1.__________ n. 运气；巧合
2._______ adj. 一无所知的，一窍不通的
3.________ vt. 克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜
4.______ vi. 减少，降低
5._____ adj. 宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的
6._____ n. 意外收获；额外的好处；奖金；红利
7.______ n. 重力，引力
coincidence
clueless
overcome
decline
grand
bonus
gravity
Ⅲ.拓展词汇
1._______ vi.出现，浮现→emerging adj.新兴的→emergence n.出现，显现；崭露头角→emergency n.突发事件，紧急情况
2._________ n.评估，评价→evaluate vt.评估，评价；估计
3._________ adj.理论的→theory n.学说；理论
emerge
evaluation
theoretical
Ⅳ.核心短语
1._____________ 突然
2.__________________ 而不是
3.____________________ 浮现在某人的脑海
4.___________ 在……岁时
5. __________ 溜达；闲逛
6._______________ 被诊断出
7._____________ 阻止……做……
all of a sudden
rather than/instead of
fly/come into one's mind
at the age of
walk around
be diagnosed with
prevent...from...
8.in spite of ____________________________
9.A large number of _______
10.Put together _______________
11.Become involved in _____________
12.Pay attention to _____
13.Separate from ___________
14.A waste of time _________
虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……)
大量的
组合；放在一起
被卷入；涉及
注意
与……分隔
浪费时间
Ⅴ.经典句式
1.“not just...but also...”意为“不仅……而且……”
Hawking was famous，_______ for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology，_______ for overcoming the challenges of ALS(a disease that affects muscle control).
霍金之所以著名，不仅因其在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出研究，也因其克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战。
2.as引导时间状语从句
However，_______________________，he lost the use of his hands.
然而，随着他病情的恶化，他的手也动不了了。
not just
but also
as his illness became worse
3.动词不定式作定语
In The Grand Design (2010，with Leonard Mlodinow)，Hawking argued that we should look for a different way _____________________________________.
在《大设计》(2010年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著)一书中，霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。
to discover the deepest secrets of the universe
词汇精研
overcome difficulties　　　　　 克服困难
overcome one's shyness/fear(s) 克服羞怯/恐惧
overcome the enemy/opponent 战胜敌人/对手
be overcome with... 因……而不能自持
1.overcome vt.克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜
[教材原句]　Hawking was famous，not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology，but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle control).
霍金之所以著名，不仅因其在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出研究，也因其克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战。
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①They ________ (overcome) some difficulties and completed the work ahead of time.
②As long as we have a strong will，the temporary difficulties ______________ (overcome) and we can live through them with a better preparation for the future.
③每当我想到我的老师在逆境中给予我帮助时，我心里都充满了敬意和感激。
Whenever I think of the assistance extended by my teacher during times of adversity，I ________________ a mixture of respect and gratefulness.(读后续写之心理描写)
overcame
will be overcome
am overcome with
2.rather than 而不是
[教材原句]　In the early stages of his career，his illness got worse，but he was allowed to do research only rather than teach，which was easier for him.
职业生涯一开始，他的病情就转而恶化，但是(研究所)允许他可以只做研究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易些。
would rather do...than do.../would do...rather than do.../prefer to do...rather than do...
宁愿做……而不愿做……
(2)other than 除了……；除……之外
(3)or rather 更确切地说
(4)more than 很；非常；超过；不仅仅
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/一句多译
①He always prefers to ride a bike rather ____ take a crowded bus.
②中国人更喜欢用筷子吃饭，而不是像西方人一样用刀叉吃饭。(应用文写作之传统文化)
→___________________________ as Westerners do，Chinese people ___________ with chopsticks.
→Chinese people ________________________________________________ as Westerners do.
→Chinese people ________________________________________________ as Westerners do.
than
Rather than use knives and forks
prefer to eat
would eat with chopsticks rather than use knives and forks
would rather eat with chopsticks than use knives and forks
3.decline vi.减少，降低；衰落；婉言谢绝 n.衰落；衰败；减少；下降
[教材原句]　Although Hawking's physical abilities declined over decades，he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.
尽管在过去几十年里，霍金的身体机能下降了，但他从未停止过研究，并且对黑洞有了许多新的想法。
(1)decline to do sth　 婉言拒绝做某事
decline by/to 下降了/到……
(2)be in decline/on the decline 在衰退中，走下坡路
a sharp decline 急剧下降
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The number of visitors to the park declined ___ 20% this year compared to last year.
②She declined _______ (have) lunch with her friend，saying that she wasn't feeling well.
③随着经济的衰退，镇上的一些人已经失去了工作。
__________________________，some people in the town had lost their jobs.
by
to have
As the economy was in decline
4.in spite of 虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……)
[教材原句]　In spite of his disease，Hawking didn't consider himself an unlucky man.
尽管霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。
(1)in spite of＝despite　　 虽然，尽管
(2)“in spite of/despite＋名词”所表达的意义相当于although/though引导的让步状语从句。
(3)regardless of 不顾，不管
[即时训练]　完成句子/句型转换
①尽管他的听力受损，但他决心找到一种方法继续过充满音乐的生活。
(译林版选必一U2)_____________________________，he was determined to find a way to continue living a life full of music.
②不论挑战如何，他设法凭借自己的知识和勇敢确保每个人都平安越过海洋。
(译林版选必一U3)__________________________，he managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean.
③Despite the heavy rain，we went shopping yesterday.
→_____________________，we went shopping yesterday.(介词短语)
→_____________________________，we went shopping yesterday.(状语从句)
In spite of/Despite his hearing loss
Regardless of all the challenges
In spite of the heavy rain
Though/Although it rained heavily
句式剖析
[教材原句]　In The Grand Design (2010，with Leonard Mlodinow)，Hawking argued that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe.
在《大设计》(2010年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著)一书中，霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。
[佳句背诵]　(译林版选必一U3)The last time it was on exhibition，crowds waited in line for hours for the rare chance to see the famous painting with their own eyes.
上一次展出时，人们排了好几个小时的队，等待亲眼看到这幅名画的难得机会。
(1)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词多是抽象名词，常见的有way，ability、chance、ambition、offer、anxiety、answer、reply、attempt、belief等；
(2)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the next、the only、the last等时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I can't pick you up at the airport，because I have an important meeting ________ (attend).
②多亏你的鼓励，我最终有面对挑战的勇气。
Thanks to your encouragement，I finally got the courage __________________.(应用文写作之感谢信)
③事实上，它一直被联合国列为最适合居住的国家之一，并且总是欢迎游客的到来！
(译林版选必三U1)Indeed，it has been consistently ranked by the United Nations as one of _______________________，and visitors are always welcome!
to attend
to face the challenge
the best countries to live in
①Mistakes due to carelessness may cause serious consequence.
②Billy and John，on account of their wide experiences in climbing，were voted leaders.
③If you want to throw up，use the paper bag in the seatback in front of you.
④Now I can walk to work instead of going by car.
[归纳填空]
根据以上例句可知，短语介词相当于一个_____，其后可以跟名词(如:句①和句②)、代词(如:句③)或动词-ing 形式(如:句④)构成_________。
短语介词
介词
介词短语
一、短语介词概述
短语介词指由两个或多个词构成的固定介词结构，后接名词、动词-ing形式作宾语，构成较为复杂的介词短语。
与介词短语区别:短语介词是相当于一个介词的词组，它不能单独充当句子成分；介词短语是由“介词＋宾语”或“短语介词＋宾语”构成的，它可以单独充当句子成分。
二、短语介词的构成
1.连词＋介词
because of　　　　 因为
as for 就……方面说
as to 至于
but for 要不是
2.介词＋介词
along with 连同……一起，与……一道
except for 除了
from under 从……下面
from behind 从……后面
3.介词＋名词＋介词
by way of 通过……的方法
by means of 通过
with/in regard to 关于，就……而论
in case of 以防
in charge of 掌管
in honour of 为了表达对……的敬意
in addition to 除了
4.形容词＋介词
regardless of 不管，不顾
due to 由于
aware of 意识到
capable of 有能力做……
5.副词＋介词
apart from 除……之外还有
ahead of 在……之前
away from 远离
instead of 代替；而不是
6.分词＋介词
speaking of 谈起
depending on 根据
based on 以……为基础
7.介词＋the＋名词＋介词
for the purpose of 为了
in the charge of 由……掌管
at the expense of 以……为代价
at the mercy of 在……的支配下
in the hope of 怀着……的期望
under the control of 在……的控制之下
at the risk of 冒着……的风险
at the sight of 一见到……就
In the face of danger，she remained calm and found a way out.
面对危险，她保持冷静并找到了出路。
For the sake of the environment，let's reduce plastic use.
为了环境，让我们减少塑料使用。
Apart from helping others，the experience taught her self-confidence.
除了帮助他人，这次经历还教会了她自信。
Beyond the forest lay a mysterious lake，in the light of the moon.
森林之外在月光下有一片神秘的湖。
(1)不可拆分使用
错误:He succeeded due his hard work.
正确:He succeeded due to his hard work.
(2)后接动词-ing形式
Instead of giving up，she kept trying.
她没有放弃，而是继续努力。
(3)避免重复
错误:Because of the rain，so the match was canceled.
正确:Because of the rain，the match was canceled.　　
Ⅰ.翻译句子
1.除了几处拼写错误，这篇作文写得很好。(except for)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.由于缺乏经验，他未能通过面试。(due to)
________________________________________________
3.尽管很累，他们还是继续工作。(in spite of)
________________________________________
4.我们将用讨论代替讲座。(instead of)
______________________________________
5.要不是这场雨，我们现在已经到山顶了。(but for)
__________________________________________________________
Except for a few spelling mistakes，the composition is well-written.
Due to lack of experience，he failed to pass the interview.
In spite of being tired，they continued working.
We will have a discussion instead of a lecture.
But for the rain，we would have reached the top of the mountain now.
Ⅱ.用短语介词完成下面语段
由于大雨，我们学校的运动会取消了。原定举办运动会，改为在教室里看电影。除了看电影，我们还玩了桌游。不管天气多糟糕，大家都玩得很开心。负责活动的老师说我们可以改期举行运动会。由于地面湿滑，在外面跑步不安全。通过团队合作，我们仍然一起度过了愉快的一天。
1.__________ the heavy rain，our school sports day was canceled.2._________ holding the event，we had a movie day in the classroom.3.____________ watching a film，we played board games.4.____________ the bad weather，everyone had fun.The teacher 5.__________ the activity said we could reschedule the sports day.6._______ the wet ground，it was unsafe to run outside.7.___________ teamwork，we still enjoyed the day together.
Because of
Instead of
In addition to
Regardless of
in charge of
Due to
By means of
Ⅰ.品句填词(每小题1分，共8分)
1.(2025·全国一卷)While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years，transport studies also show _______ (下降) in pedestrian mobility，especially among young children.
2.The old astronomer shared his theories on _________ (宇宙学)，sparking her interest in the stars.
3.They stood in awe of the _____ (宏伟的) castle，its towers reaching into the misty sky.
4.Finding the old photo album was a ______ (意外收获)，filled with memories she thought were lost.
declines
cosmology
grand
bonus
(满分：70分)
5.The astronaut floated in zero _______ (重力)，marveling at the Earth's beauty from space.
6.The artist refused to _____ (模仿) others' styles，instead creating a unique approach to painting.
7.The conference venue ______ (容纳) for 500 participants，ensuring adequate space for all attendees.
8.The novel explores _________ (理论的) concepts of time travel，blurring the line between science and fantasy.
gravity
copy
allows
theoretical
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共12分)
1.She stepped in _________ (prevent) the argument from escalating into a physical fight.
2.Rather than _______ (rely) on fossil fuels，countries should invest in renewable energy sources.
3.The team expects __________ (complete) the project by the end of the month，as scheduled.
4.Please accept my apology and allow me to offer an __________ (explain) for the misunderstanding.
5.The new marketing strategy aims __________ (generate) higher sales and attract new customers.
to prevent
relying
to complete
explanation
to generate
6.His kind words _______ (affect) her more than she wanted to admit，melting the walls around her heart.
7.His ability __________ (overcome) adversity inspired the team to finish the project despite numerous setbacks.
8.Her mother was the _____________ (influential) person in her life，teaching her to pursue her dreams fearlessly.
affected
to overcome
most influential
Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题3分，共15分)
1.不管结果如何，我都会保持乐观，而不是沮丧。
_____________________________，I will be optimistic rather than depressed.
2.他们欣喜若狂，紧紧地拥抱在一起，好像永远不会再分开。
____________________，they hugged together firmly as if they would never separate again.
3.尽管有暴风雨，他们仍继续徒步，决心在日落前抵达山顶。
_________________，they continued hiking，determined to reach the summit by sunset.
Regardless of what the outcome is
Overcome by great joy
In spite of the storm
4.她打开窗户让新鲜空气充满房间，这里已关闭数月。
She opened the window ___________________________，which had been closed for months.
5.他选择步行回家而不是乘公交，享受夜晚的宁静。
He chose to walk home ____________________，enjoying the peacefulness of the evening.
to allow fresh air to fill the room
rather than take the bus
Ⅳ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
(2025·广东深圳高二下第二次调研)A new groundbreaking study reveals a landmark breakthrough in the field of snakebite treatment.Researchers，led by David Baker from the University of Washington，have designed new proteins—unlike any found in nature—that can inactivate some of the most poisonous components of snake bite toxins (毒素).
Snakebites represent a substantial global health issue，affecting millions of people each year.According to the World Health Organization，over 2 million people suffer from snakebites annually，with more than 100，000 deaths and 300，000 cases of permanent disabilities.Current treatment options，mainly obtained from animal blood，often present drawbacks，including high production costs，limited efficiency，and severe side effects，such as causing shock and breathing difficulties.
In light of these challenges，Baker and his team have made effective use of deep learning tools to develop artificial proteins capable of attaching to and inactivating toxins.The study focuses on a specific group of snake proteins known as three-finger toxins.These toxins often bypass the immune system，making conventional treatments ineffective.Notably，the newly designed proteins provide significant protection against deadly amounts of three-finger toxins in mice，achieving survival rates ranging from 80% to 100%.
By avoiding the lengthy and resource-intensive processes associated with conventional antibody development，this approach could lead to more accessible and affordable treatments.Also，the new proteins are smaller，allowing for greater penetration (渗透) into body systems to quickly inactivate the toxins and reduce damage.The efficiency and speed at which these proteins can be designed and produced using AI indicate a transformative shift in drug discovery processes，especially in resource-limited settings.
While the study's findings are encouraging，the researchers acknowledge that traditional antitoxins will remain central to snakebite treatment for the near future.The newly created computer-designed antitoxins can be integrated into existing treatment as additions，enhancing the overall effectiveness of established treatments.Meanwhile，scientists believe the new methods employed in this study could be beneficial to tackling other diseases，potentially leading to the emergence of less expensive medicines for various health challenges.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了科学家利用人工智能设计新型蛋白质，成功中和蛇毒的一项突破性研究。
1.Which is a shortcoming of the current snakebite treatments
A.They mainly rely on animal blood.
B.They are effective in certain regions.
C.They can lead to serious health risks.
D.They may leave toxins in patients' bodies.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“high production costs...causing shock and breathing difficulties”可知，目前蛇咬伤治疗的缺点是会导致引起休克和呼吸困难等严重的健康风险。故选C。
2.How did Baker's team deal with the current challenges
A.By inventing deep learning tools.
B.By identifying more snake toxins.
C.By enhancing the immune system.
D.By designing AI-generated proteins.
解析　D　推理判断题。根据第三段“develop artificial proteins capable of attaching to and inactivating toxins”，“a specific group of snake proteins known as three-finger toxins”，结合第四段最后一句可知，Baker的团队通过设计人工智能生成的蛋白质应对当前的挑战。故选D。
3.What is paragraph 4 mainly about concerning Baker's new study
A.Its advantages. B.Its strategies.
C.Its procedures. D.Its limitations.
解析　A　段落大意题。根据第四段中第一句以及下文的“a transformative shift in drug discovery processes”可知，本段将人工智能设计的蛋白质技术与传统抗蛇毒血清开发进行对比，说明其革命性优势。故选A。
4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.The existing approaches are hard to change.
B.The conventional treatments are out of date.
C.The new methods might enlighten other treatments.
D.The new antitoxins will be the core of future methods.
解析　C　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“the new methods employed in this study could be beneficial to tackling other diseases，potentially leading to the emergence of less expensive medicines”可知，研究中采用的新方法可能会给其他治疗方法带来启发。故选C。
B
(2025·四川遂宁高二下期末)When Dr.Emily Carter was a young girl，she was fascinated by the way water interacted with different materials in her backyard.She would spend hours watching how rainwater passed through the soil，and how certain plants seemed to grow better in wet.This early curiosity about the natural world's processes stayed with her as she grew older.
After obtaining degrees in environmental science and materials engineering，Dr.Carter started to think about how to use her knowledge to address a growing problem: water pollution in urban areas.Stormwater run-off，which picks up pollutants like oil，chemicals，and debris from roads and parking lots，was a major contributor to the worse of local water bodies.
She decided to design a new pavement material that could act as a natural filter (过滤器).Her idea was to create a porous (多孔的) concrete that would allow rainwater to pass through while trapping pollutants.Through countless experiments with different aggregates (骨料)，binders，and additives，and by studying the behavior of various microorganisms that could potentially break down the trapped pollutants，Dr.Carter constructed small-scale test areas in her city.These areas were equipped with sensors to monitor the flow of water and the levels of pollutants both before and after passing through the new pavement.
As the months passed，the results were remarkable.The pavement significantly reduced pollutants in stormwater run-off.Encouraged by the results，Dr.Carter cooperated with local companies and agencies，aiming to build a city-wide network of pollutant-filtering pavements.Her vision was to give cities a self-cleaning mechanism，using nature's purification processes to solve environmental problems.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了艾米丽·卡特医生小时候对自然现象的好奇心激发了她设计新型路面材料以解决城市水污染问题。
5.What can we learn about Dr.Emily Carter from the first two paragraphs
A.She was interested in urban development.
B.She had a strong desire to study engineering.
C.Her dream was to become a famous scientist.
D.Her childhood curiosity contributed to her later design.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，童年时期对自然界变化过程的好奇心在她长大后一直伴随着她，结合第二段中第一句可知，她小时候对自然现象的好奇心促使她后来设计出了新型路面材料以解决城市水污染问题。故选D。
6.Why did Dr.Carter decide to design a new pavement material
A.To deal with water pollution in cities.
B.To promote the growth of urban plants.
C.To reduce the cost of road construction.
D.To improve the condition of urban roads.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第二段中“address a growing problem: water pollution in urban areas”以及第三段第一句“design a new pavement material”可知，卡特医生决定设计一种新的路面材料是为了解决城市的水污染问题。故选A。
7.What was the key to Dr.Carter's pavement design
A.Installing advanced sensors.
B.Using high-quality concrete.
C.Trapping and breaking down pollutants.
D.Cooperating with construction companies.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第三段“Her idea was to create a porous concrete...while trapping pollutants.”可知，多孔混凝土让雨水渗透，截留污染物，结合下文“various microorganisms that could potentially break down the trapped pollutants”可知，卡特医生的路面设计的关键在于捕获并分解污染物。故选C。
8.What did Dr.Carter hope to achieve in the long run
A.To train more professionals in environmental science.
B.To make her pavement material well-known worldwide.
C.To establish a large-scale pollutant-filtering system in cities.
D.To win more awards for her outstanding environmental research.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Encouraged by the results...aiming to build a city-wide network of pollutant-filtering pavements.”可知，卡特医生希望长期建立一个城市范围内的污染物过滤系统。故选C。
Ⅴ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2025·湖南长郡中学高二下模拟)Seven years ago，Naaz Ozair's life took a heartbreaking turn when he lost his young nephew to cancer.The tragedy left him searching for answers，and he found a(n) 1 reality: Even small plastic particles could 2 severe health issues like cancer.
3 to turn his pain into action，Naaz made it his mission to 4 plastic use in our daily lives.As a teacher in Muzaffarpur，India at the time，he was good at solving complex problems.After many failed 5 to discover a practicable plastic alternative，Naaz 6 an unexpected solution: corn husk(玉米皮).
What started as an experiment quickly 7 something much bigger.Naaz began making -8 products，including chocolate wrappers，cups，etc.—all from corn husk.His business now has over 10 different products，and he's selling more than 1，000 items daily.
However，the path to 9 wasn't easy.To make a real difference，Naaz left behind his stable teaching career，devoting his time and energy 10 to research and product development.
Naaz's products not only help reduce plastic waste but also 11 local farmers in his region，providing them with an additional 12 ，where corn is grown three times a year.
Today，Naaz's work is 13 by the local government and he's focused on expanding his business.His journey from personal tragedy to creating eco-friendly solutions has not only 14 his own life but is also making a significant 15 on the environment and local communities.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了纳扎的侄子死于癌症，这一悲剧让他寻找塑料的可替代品，最终发现了玉米皮并开始用玉米皮制作环保产品，这一行动对环境和当地社区产生了重大影响。
1. A.exciting B.frightening
C.confusing D.disturbing
解析　B　根据下文“reality: Even small plastic particles could severe health issues like cancer”可知，即使最小的塑料颗粒也能导致严重的健康问题，可知这个现实是令人可怕的(frightening)。
2. A.contribute to B.connect with
C.pass down D.engage in
解析　A　根据上文“Even small plastic particles could”以及下文“severe health issues like cancer”可知，塑料微颗粒会引起(contribute to)癌症等严重的健康问题。
3. A.Curious B.Inspired
C.Determined D.Confident
解析　C　根据下文“turn his pain into action，Naaz made it his mission to plastic use in our daily lives”可知，纳扎决心(Determined)将痛苦转化为切实的行动。
4. A.monitor B.reduce
C.improve D.ban
解析　B　根据下文“plastic use in our daily lives”可知，纳扎希望能减少(reduce)塑料的使用。
5. A.operations B.intentions
C.preparations D.attempts
解析　D　根据上文“After many failed”以及下文“to discover a practicable plastic alternative，Naaz an unexpected solution: corn husk”可知，纳扎在使用玉米皮之前曾多次尝试(attempts)其他的塑料替代品。
6. A.invented B.observed
C.identified D.proposed
解析　C　根据下文“an unexpected solution: corn husk”可知，此处是指纳扎多次尝试塑料替代品失败后发现了(identified)玉米皮。
7. A.turned into B.translated into
C.reacted to D.adapted to
解析　A　根据下文“something much bigger.Naaz began making...all from corn husk”可知，纳扎开始用玉米皮制作可持续产品，由此可推知，他将最初的实验变成了(turned into)更大的事情。
8. A.sustainable B.old
C.plastic D.optional
解析　A　根据下文“products，including chocolate wrappers，cups，etc.—all from corn husk”可知，纳扎制作的这些东西都是用玉米皮制成的，是环保的、可持续的(sustainable)。
9. A.discovery B.success
C.adventure D.ambition
解析　B　根据“the path to wasn't easy”以及下文“To make a real difference”可知，纳扎进一步开展研究，这说明通往成功(success)的道路并不容易。
10. A.actually B.regularly
C.entirely D.creatively
解析　C　根据上文“Naaz left behind his stable teaching career，devoting his time and energy”以及下文“to research and product development”可知，纳扎放弃稳定的教学事业，精力完全(entirely)投入研究和产品开发中。
11. A.impress B.guarantee
C.involve D.benefit
解析　D　根据下文“local farmers in his region，providing them with an additional ”可知，纳扎的产品为当地农民提供了额外的收入，说明他的产品让当地农民获益(benefit)。
12. A.investment B.income
C.honour D.responsibility
解析　B　根据下文“where corn is grown three times a year”可知，在当地玉米一年种植三次；再结合上文“local farmers in his region，providing them with an additional”可知，纳扎的玉米皮制成的产品肯定会增加当地农民的收入(income)。
13. A.affected B.controlled
C.rejected D.recognized
解析　D　根据下文“by the local government”可知，纳扎的工作得到了当地政府的认可(recognized)。
14. A.transformed B.restored
C.explored D.destroyed
解析　A　根据上文“His journey from personal tragedy to creating eco-friendly solutions”以及下文可知，纳扎从个人家庭的悲剧到创造环保解决方案的历程改变了(transformed)他的生活。
15. A.demand B.warning
C.impact D.comment
解析　C　根据上文“His journey...also making a significant”以及下文可知，纳扎的工作对环境和社区产生了影响(impact)，固定短语make a significant impact on意为“对……产生重大影响”。