英语（必修五，译林牛津版）课件：Unit2 The environment——grammar and usage（共44张PPT）

课件44张PPT。Grammar and usage
V-ing formUnit2制作132014年下学期功 能定语表语宾语补足语状语现在分词的形式与动名词相同，但功能不同.可在句中充当
定语，表语，状语和补语。present participle定语an interesting book
boiling water
the man sitting by the window
the bridge being built单个分词用于名词前，用来修饰该名词，功能上相当于形容词；
分词短语用于名词后，相当于一个定语从句。 The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.
＝The girl who is writing a letter there can speak English very well.The factory making TV sets is very large.
＝The factory which makes TV sets is very large.1. Everybody says he is a _____ boy.
A. promised B. promising
C. to promise D. promise
解析：这是一个典型的v-ing形式作前置定语以形容词功能出现，在这里，promising意为“有希望的”。故答案为 B 。[典型例题][2012湖南卷]31. The lecture, ____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
A. starting B. being started
C. to start D. to be started
本题考查非谓语动词的用法。根据last night可知start已经发生，故排除C、D，不定式常表将来。B. being done，一般表进行，也排除。现在分词作定语。AA. 与动名词作定语的区别
B. 与过去分词,不定式 作定语的区别动名词作定语表名词的作用或功能，现在分词作定语表名词正在进行的动作。与过去分词,不定式 作定语的区别
①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系，表完成。
②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。
③不定式作定语表示将来要发生的动作。
the house being built/to be built/built
正在被建/将要被建/建好了的房子 boiling water 正在沸腾的水
boiled water 开水
the changing world 变化中的世界
the changed world 变化了的世界
the developing countries 发展中国家
the developed countries 发达国家
falling leaves 正在落下的叶子
fallen leaves 落叶
rising sun 正在升起的太阳
risen sun 已经升起的太阳 表语与过去分词作表语的区别
-ing形式表性质
-ed形式感受。表示主语的特征,状态等,一般接在联系动词后面，相当于adj. interesting使人感兴趣的 interested感兴趣的
　　exciting令人激动的 excited感到激动的
　　delighting令人高兴的 delighted感到高兴的
　　disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的
　　encouraging令人鼓舞的 encouraged感到鼓舞的
　　pleasing令人愉快的 pleased感到愉快的
　　puzzling令人费解的 puzzled感到费解的
　　satisfying令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的
　　surprising令人惊异的 surprised感到惊异的
　　worrying令人担心的 worried感到担心的This news sounds _________.
encouraging B. encouraged
C. encourage D. to encourageA宾语补足语They think of businessmen hiding from their responsibilities for the environment.
（现在分词hiding做宾语补足语，补充说明宾语businessmen)We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.
Can you hear her singing in the next room?Don’t keep the students doing homework all day.如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：“一感二听三让五看”
feel, hear, listen to, get, have, keep，see, watch,, notice, observe, look at, leave, catch，find, Listen! Do you hear someone ____ for help? （2010湖南）
A. calling B. call
C. to call D. called
解析：该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补，根据 someone与call的主动关系排除D项。hear后接不定式作宾补时应省略to，由此排除C项。由Listen可判断此处表示正在求救，故选A项。[高考真题]功 能定语表语宾语补足语状语1.There was a terrible noise _______the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following
C. to be followed D. being followed
2. It was so cold that they kept the fire ________all night.
to burn B. burn
C. burning D. burnedMultiple choice: 3. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket into a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting4. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______ in the kitchen.
smoke B. smoking
C. to smoke D. smokedExercise A:Finish Part A on P29Keys:
Having read
shocking 3. relaxing 4. tiring
5. interesting 6. livingExercise B:Finish Part B on P29Keys:
exciting 2. walking
3. falling 4. following
5. moving 6. keeping功 能定语表语宾语补足语状语Revision
1. Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up.
2. Being a student, he was interested in sports.
3. Having written the letter, John went to the post office.状语现在分词作状语时，注意如下三点：
1.相当于相应的从句,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等，
2.分词的逻辑主语就是全句的主语3.现在分词作状语时有不同的时态与语态时间状语 When the mouse saw the cat, it ran off.
=Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off.
After he had written the letter, he went to the office.
=Having written the letter, he went to the post office.
原因状语Because he knew that there was a dog outside, the little boy didn’t open the door.
=Knowing that there was a dog outside, the little boy didn’t open the door.
Because she had plenty of money, she was able to go anywhere on holidays.
=Having plenty of money, she was able to go anywhere on holidays.
The couple went shopping. As a result, they left their eldest daughter alone at home.
=The couple went shopping, leaving their eldest daughter alone at home.
The factory keeps releasing smoke. As a result, the air is made dirty.
=The factory keeps releasing smoke, making the air dirty.结果状语If we prepare fully, we can achieve great things.
=Preparing fully, we can achieve great things.条件状语He sat in the chair when he was reading a newspaper.
=He sat in the chair, reading a newspaper.
They stood when they are talking to each other.
=They stood, talking to each other.伴随状语Although he lived miles away, he attended the course.
=Although living miles away, he attended the course. 让步状语He earns a living by driving a truck.
=He earns a living driving a truck. 方式状语He traveled on the plane like this, keeping
the tortoise hidden in a blanket.
(keeping的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致，都是he)_______ through the park, beautiful flowers
could be seen everywhere.
Walking B. When I walked
C. Walk D. Walked时态和语态完成主动式1. Having finished her homework, she
went to bed.
2. Having heard this, the woman astronaut
expressed her satisfaction.分词所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动
作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用，不能做
定语用。一般被动式表示正在发生的被动动作,在句中作定语或
状语。The car being repaired is mine.
＝The car which is being repaired is mine.Being repaired, the car can’t be used.
＝As/Because it is being repaired, the car can’t be used.完成被动式：表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作，在
句中多作状语，不能作定语。Having been praised a second time ,I
decided to make still greater progress.Having been asked to stay, I couldn’t
very well leave.非谓语动词的否定式均为not+非谓语动词 现在分词的否定形式
not + 现在分词（完成的否定式not 放在having之前）Not knowing how to dye the silk red, he
went to her for help.Not having heard from her son for a
long time, the mother worried a great deal.Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. （2010湖南）
A. struggling B. struggled
C. having struggled D. to struggle
解析：逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B项。由剧中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式。答案选C。[高考真题]一些独立结构：
1. Generally ________( speak ), we have learnt a lot in this school.
2. _______(judge ) from his appearance, he is somebody.
3. _____( tell ) you the truth, your work is terrible.speakingJudgingTo tell1. _______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A. To wait B. Have waited
C. Having waited D. To have waited2. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ____________.
A. going on B. goes on
C. went on D. to go on 3. The storm left, ___________a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused B. to have caused
C. to cause D. having caused
4. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, __________away.
A. run B. running C. to run D. ran5. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket into a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting6. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______ in the kitchen.
smoke B. smoking
C. to smoke D. smoked7. Whenever he was asked why he was
late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______ the same thing.
A. saying B. said
C. to say D. having saidA8. My cousin came to see me from the
country, ______ me a full basket of
fresh fruits.
A. bought B. bringing
C. to bring D. had broughtBHearing the news
Waiting for the bus
Not finishing his homework
Listening to music
Causing a lot of damage
Walking straight down this road
Not knowing what to do
Turning to herC2