高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第一讲细节理解题——细心就能做对课件
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| 名称 | 高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第一讲细节理解题——细心就能做对课件 |
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| 格式 | ppt | ||
| 文件大小 | 678.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-02-24 00:00:00 | ||
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(共47张PPT)
第一讲 细节理解题——细心就能做对
细节理解题在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，而且此类题型相对比较简单，只需要根据题干中的关键词，回到原文中定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出答案。考生在解题时，一定要仔细比对，避免主观臆断，更不能因为题目简单而掉以轻心，确保此类题目一分不丢。
在解答直接细节理解题时，学生可以采取“搜索关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法，通过定位找题眼。
经典感悟
(2025·浙江卷1月阅卷A)Interlibrary Loan (ILL) provides teachers, students and staff with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries, as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our collection.
Who Can Borrow
Current students, teachers (including retired) and staff can request items through ILL. Interlibrary loan is not available to former students, guest borrowers or fee-card holders.
21．Who can use the ILL service
A．Former students. B．Guest borrowers.
C．Retired teachers. D．Fee-card holders.
答题微点
[解题示范]
第一步 找关键词：题干中的关键信息为“use the ILL service”。
第二步 寻信息句：定位至“Interlibrary Loan (ILL) provides teachers, students and staff with access to books”。
第三步 比对答案：在校学生、教师(包括退休教师)和工作人员可以通过ILL请求借阅资料。
[自主解答] .
C
答题方略
为了更好地考查学生的语言知识和思维品质，命题人往往会对具体细节信息加以修改或转换，这就需要学生综合多处信息进行理解。
经典感悟
(2024·浙江1月卷阅读D节选) We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction.But as we've reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.
33．According to Paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ______．
A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
答题微点
[解题示范]
第一步 找关键词：确定题干中的关键词为mismatch。
第二步 寻信息句：根据关键词定位信息句为本段的最后一句话“But as we've reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart...we shouldn't eat.”。
第三步 比对答案：根据关键词定位信息句为本段的最后一句话“But as we've reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart...we shouldn't eat.”。
[自主解答] .
C
答题方略
为了增加细节题的难度，命题人有时候也会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题，一个细节题涉及一段或者几段的具体内容，需要考生进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。虽然此类试题各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，但需要考生具有一定的概括和归纳能力。
经典感悟
(2025·全国二卷阅读B)Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford (LPCH). “Sometimes I don't like saying that I'm a teacher，” says Ho. “People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do, but that's not really what it is here.”
“Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It's a place of learning. About half of Ho's students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho's students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care.
24．Who does Ho teach at LPCH
A．Sick children. B．Young nurses.
C．Medical students. D．Patients' parents.
答题微点
[解题示范]
第一步 找关键词：题干中的关键信息为“teach at LPCH”。
第二步 寻信息句：定位至第二段第一句 “‘Here’ is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students.”以及后文提到的 “Most of Ho's students will recover”，可知 Ho 的教学对象是LPCH的患者，且结合医院名称“Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford”，可推断这些患者是儿童。
第三步 概括总结：选项“Sick children.”(生病的孩子)，符合原文中 “LPCH patients also become students” 以及医院为儿童医院的信息，正确。
[自主解答] .
A
答题方略
这类题常涉及时间、年龄、年代、价钱、数量、距离等数字信息的简单加工，计算量较小，比较容易。找出计算背后所隐含的信息并理解文章相应的信息是准确解题的关键。
经典感悟
(2025·全国一卷阅读A)Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here's the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
21．What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018
A．11.6%. B．45.1%.
C．74.5%. D．86.1%.
答题微点
[解题示范]
第一步 找关键词：题干中的关键信息为“What percentage of global transport emissions”和“road vehicles”。
第二步 寻信息句：定位至ROAD VEHICLES, ROAD VEHICLES 包括 ROAD(PASSENGER)和ROAD(GOODS)两部分，它们在2018年全球交通领域的温室气体排放总量中的比重分别是45.1%和29.4%。
第三步 比对答案：道路车辆总占比为45.1%＋29.4%＝74.5%，即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。
[自主解答] .
C
答题方略
练重点练难点 创新应用体验
A
(2025·济南三模)A leading art center, VISUAL, and Carlow Arts Festival are pleased to announce “Dreamtime Ireland” as the theme of Artworks 2025, an open-call exhibition, which focuses on gathering unnoticed yet vital artworks. It invites applicants to explore art as a tool for communication and a means of understanding the world, with a particular emphasis on undervalued cultural patterns, such as public art and art as social practice.
The “Dreamtime Ireland” exhibition will be held in the galleries at VISUAL, from June 5 to August 31, 2025. Artists are welcome to submit their creative works. The selected entries will be announced at the exhibition opening and each will receive a cash prize of 1，000. To ensure a smooth submission, please follow the instructions below.
FORMAT
Existing digital works in any medium.
SUBMISSION
Complete an application form online.
Attach a link to your work in the given area of the form.
REQUIREMENTS
Provide a brief description for each submission.
Ensure that your work is streamed clearly and smoothly.
Include passwords for protected works.
Keep all files online until April 30, 2025 for the selectors to check again.
DEADLINE
March 21, 2025
You can refer to previous award-winning works and exhibition background information on our website https：//visualcarlow.ie, which includes professional insights, artist interviews, and thematic context to inspire your submission. For technical or conceptual questions, contact us at fmoran@carlowartsfestival.ie before March 10, 2025 to ensure timely assistance. Early submissions are encouraged to avoid last-minute delays.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍VISUAL艺术中心与卡洛艺术节联合举办的“Dreamtime Ireland”2025 年公开征集展览的相关信息，包括展览主题、时间、作品提交要求及主办方提供的支持等内容。
1．What is the purpose of the “Dreamtime Ireland” exhibition
A．To promote traditional art techniques.
B．To highlight the overlooked art forms.
C．To support emerging artists in Carlow.
D．To develop diverse multimedia practice.
B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“focuses on gathering unnoticed yet vital artworks（专注于收集未被注意但重要的艺术作品）”及 “with a particular emphasis on undervalued cultural patterns（特别强调被低估的文化形式）”可知，展览的目的是关注和突出被忽视的艺术形式。故选B。
2．How can you submit your work
A．By sending an email. B．By uploading an attachment.
C．By filling out a form. D．By delivering a printed copy.
C 细节理解题。根据文章“SUBMISSION”部分中“Complete an application form online.”及“Attach a link to your work in the given area of the form.”可知，提交作品需通过填写表格完成。故选C。
3．What does the organizer provide for an applicant
A．A cash reward of 1，000.
B．A reminder of the due date.
C．Accessibility of past works.
D．Constant technical guidance.
C 细节理解题。根据“DEADLINE”部分中“You can refer to previous award-winning works and exhibition background information on our website”可知，主办方为申请者提供过往获奖作品的访问权限。故选 C。
B
(2025·成都第二次适应性测试)A honey bee's life depends on it successfully harvesting from flowers to make honey. Deciding which flower is most likely to offer nectar (花蜜) is incredibly difficult. In new research published recently, our team reports how bees make these complex decisions.
We challenged bees with a field of artificial flowers, each of which offered a tiny drop of sugar syrup. Different-colored “flowers” varied in their likelihood of offering sugar. We put tiny, harmless paint marks on the back of each bee, and filmed every visit a bee made to the flower array. We then used computer vision and machine learning to automatically draw and study the route on which bees flew through. From this information, we found bees very quickly learned to identify the most rewarding flowers. They quickly assessed whether to accept or reject a flower, but surprisingly they made correct decisions within 0.6 seconds while incorrect decisions took them 1.2 seconds on average.
The results and what we expected are poles apart. Usually in animals, an accurate decision takes longer than an inaccurate decision. This is called the speed-accuracy tradeoff, which happens because determining whether a decision is right or wrong usually depends on how much evidence we have to make that decision. More evidence means a more accurate decision, but gathering evidence takes time. So accurate decisions are usually slow and inaccurate decisions are faster. But bees only accepted a flower if, at a glance, they were sure it was rewarding. If they had any uncertainty, they rejected it. They might have missed some rewarding flowers, but they successfully focused their efforts only on the flowers with the best chance and best evidence of providing them with sugar.
The only other animals known to beat the speed-accuracy tradeoff are humans and primates. It's indeed amazing that bees seemed to be breaking this boundary.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究团队通过用人工花对蜜蜂进行实验，研究蜜蜂如何作出采蜜决策，发现蜜蜂打破了“速度－准确性权衡”这一现象。
4．How did researchers get the result of the experiment
A．By observing bees in the wild.
B．By analyzing bees' flight paths.
C．By testing bees in different colors.
D．By comparing bees' food preference.
B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“We then used computer vision and machine learning to automatically draw and study the route on which bees flew through. From this information, we found bees very quickly learned to identify the most rewarding flowers.”可知，研究人员是通过分析蜜蜂的飞行路径来获取实验结果的。故选B。
5．What did the research find about bees
A．They could tell artificial flowers immediately.
B．They performed better in certain colored flowers.
C．They made right choices faster than the wrong ones.
D．They made more correct decisions than other species.
C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They quickly assessed whether to accept or reject a flower, but surprisingly they made correct decisions within 0.6 seconds while incorrect decisions took them 1.2 seconds on average.”可知，研究发现蜜蜂作出正确选择的速度比作出错误选择的速度要快。故选C。
6．What does the underlined phrase “poles apart” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Contrary. B．Reasonable.
C．Essential. D．Confusing.
A 词句猜测题。根据画线词前后句可知，通常在动物中，准确的决策比不准确的决策花费的时间更长，但蜜蜂的情况相反，它们作出正确的决定的时间更短。所以“The results and what we expected are poles apart.”表示结果和我们预期的完全相反，“poles apart”意思是“相反的”。故选A。
7．Why do bees beat the speed-accuracy tradeoff
A．They ignore uncertainties.
B．They gather evidence very fast.
C．They stay on the right track while flying.
D．They adopt a special decision-making mechanism.
D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“But bees only accepted a flower if, at a glance, they were sure it was rewarding... with the best chance and best evidence of providing them with sugar.”可知，蜜蜂采用了一种特殊的决策机制，即只接受一眼确定有价值的花，有不确定就拒绝，这使得它们打破了“速度－准确性权衡”。故选D。
第一讲 细节理解题——细心就能做对
细节理解题在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，而且此类题型相对比较简单，只需要根据题干中的关键词，回到原文中定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出答案。考生在解题时，一定要仔细比对，避免主观臆断，更不能因为题目简单而掉以轻心，确保此类题目一分不丢。
在解答直接细节理解题时，学生可以采取“搜索关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法，通过定位找题眼。
经典感悟
(2025·浙江卷1月阅卷A)Interlibrary Loan (ILL) provides teachers, students and staff with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries, as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our collection.
Who Can Borrow
Current students, teachers (including retired) and staff can request items through ILL. Interlibrary loan is not available to former students, guest borrowers or fee-card holders.
21．Who can use the ILL service
A．Former students. B．Guest borrowers.
C．Retired teachers. D．Fee-card holders.
答题微点
[解题示范]
第一步 找关键词：题干中的关键信息为“use the ILL service”。
第二步 寻信息句：定位至“Interlibrary Loan (ILL) provides teachers, students and staff with access to books”。
第三步 比对答案：在校学生、教师(包括退休教师)和工作人员可以通过ILL请求借阅资料。
[自主解答] .
C
答题方略
为了更好地考查学生的语言知识和思维品质，命题人往往会对具体细节信息加以修改或转换，这就需要学生综合多处信息进行理解。
经典感悟
(2024·浙江1月卷阅读D节选) We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction.But as we've reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.
33．According to Paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ______．
A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
答题微点
[解题示范]
第一步 找关键词：确定题干中的关键词为mismatch。
第二步 寻信息句：根据关键词定位信息句为本段的最后一句话“But as we've reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart...we shouldn't eat.”。
第三步 比对答案：根据关键词定位信息句为本段的最后一句话“But as we've reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart...we shouldn't eat.”。
[自主解答] .
C
答题方略
为了增加细节题的难度，命题人有时候也会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题，一个细节题涉及一段或者几段的具体内容，需要考生进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。虽然此类试题各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，但需要考生具有一定的概括和归纳能力。
经典感悟
(2025·全国二卷阅读B)Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford (LPCH). “Sometimes I don't like saying that I'm a teacher，” says Ho. “People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do, but that's not really what it is here.”
“Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It's a place of learning. About half of Ho's students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho's students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care.
24．Who does Ho teach at LPCH
A．Sick children. B．Young nurses.
C．Medical students. D．Patients' parents.
答题微点
[解题示范]
第一步 找关键词：题干中的关键信息为“teach at LPCH”。
第二步 寻信息句：定位至第二段第一句 “‘Here’ is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students.”以及后文提到的 “Most of Ho's students will recover”，可知 Ho 的教学对象是LPCH的患者，且结合医院名称“Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford”，可推断这些患者是儿童。
第三步 概括总结：选项“Sick children.”(生病的孩子)，符合原文中 “LPCH patients also become students” 以及医院为儿童医院的信息，正确。
[自主解答] .
A
答题方略
这类题常涉及时间、年龄、年代、价钱、数量、距离等数字信息的简单加工，计算量较小，比较容易。找出计算背后所隐含的信息并理解文章相应的信息是准确解题的关键。
经典感悟
(2025·全国一卷阅读A)Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here's the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
21．What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018
A．11.6%. B．45.1%.
C．74.5%. D．86.1%.
答题微点
[解题示范]
第一步 找关键词：题干中的关键信息为“What percentage of global transport emissions”和“road vehicles”。
第二步 寻信息句：定位至ROAD VEHICLES, ROAD VEHICLES 包括 ROAD(PASSENGER)和ROAD(GOODS)两部分，它们在2018年全球交通领域的温室气体排放总量中的比重分别是45.1%和29.4%。
第三步 比对答案：道路车辆总占比为45.1%＋29.4%＝74.5%，即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。
[自主解答] .
C
答题方略
练重点练难点 创新应用体验
A
(2025·济南三模)A leading art center, VISUAL, and Carlow Arts Festival are pleased to announce “Dreamtime Ireland” as the theme of Artworks 2025, an open-call exhibition, which focuses on gathering unnoticed yet vital artworks. It invites applicants to explore art as a tool for communication and a means of understanding the world, with a particular emphasis on undervalued cultural patterns, such as public art and art as social practice.
The “Dreamtime Ireland” exhibition will be held in the galleries at VISUAL, from June 5 to August 31, 2025. Artists are welcome to submit their creative works. The selected entries will be announced at the exhibition opening and each will receive a cash prize of 1，000. To ensure a smooth submission, please follow the instructions below.
FORMAT
Existing digital works in any medium.
SUBMISSION
Complete an application form online.
Attach a link to your work in the given area of the form.
REQUIREMENTS
Provide a brief description for each submission.
Ensure that your work is streamed clearly and smoothly.
Include passwords for protected works.
Keep all files online until April 30, 2025 for the selectors to check again.
DEADLINE
March 21, 2025
You can refer to previous award-winning works and exhibition background information on our website https：//visualcarlow.ie, which includes professional insights, artist interviews, and thematic context to inspire your submission. For technical or conceptual questions, contact us at fmoran@carlowartsfestival.ie before March 10, 2025 to ensure timely assistance. Early submissions are encouraged to avoid last-minute delays.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍VISUAL艺术中心与卡洛艺术节联合举办的“Dreamtime Ireland”2025 年公开征集展览的相关信息，包括展览主题、时间、作品提交要求及主办方提供的支持等内容。
1．What is the purpose of the “Dreamtime Ireland” exhibition
A．To promote traditional art techniques.
B．To highlight the overlooked art forms.
C．To support emerging artists in Carlow.
D．To develop diverse multimedia practice.
B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“focuses on gathering unnoticed yet vital artworks（专注于收集未被注意但重要的艺术作品）”及 “with a particular emphasis on undervalued cultural patterns（特别强调被低估的文化形式）”可知，展览的目的是关注和突出被忽视的艺术形式。故选B。
2．How can you submit your work
A．By sending an email. B．By uploading an attachment.
C．By filling out a form. D．By delivering a printed copy.
C 细节理解题。根据文章“SUBMISSION”部分中“Complete an application form online.”及“Attach a link to your work in the given area of the form.”可知，提交作品需通过填写表格完成。故选C。
3．What does the organizer provide for an applicant
A．A cash reward of 1，000.
B．A reminder of the due date.
C．Accessibility of past works.
D．Constant technical guidance.
C 细节理解题。根据“DEADLINE”部分中“You can refer to previous award-winning works and exhibition background information on our website”可知，主办方为申请者提供过往获奖作品的访问权限。故选 C。
B
(2025·成都第二次适应性测试)A honey bee's life depends on it successfully harvesting from flowers to make honey. Deciding which flower is most likely to offer nectar (花蜜) is incredibly difficult. In new research published recently, our team reports how bees make these complex decisions.
We challenged bees with a field of artificial flowers, each of which offered a tiny drop of sugar syrup. Different-colored “flowers” varied in their likelihood of offering sugar. We put tiny, harmless paint marks on the back of each bee, and filmed every visit a bee made to the flower array. We then used computer vision and machine learning to automatically draw and study the route on which bees flew through. From this information, we found bees very quickly learned to identify the most rewarding flowers. They quickly assessed whether to accept or reject a flower, but surprisingly they made correct decisions within 0.6 seconds while incorrect decisions took them 1.2 seconds on average.
The results and what we expected are poles apart. Usually in animals, an accurate decision takes longer than an inaccurate decision. This is called the speed-accuracy tradeoff, which happens because determining whether a decision is right or wrong usually depends on how much evidence we have to make that decision. More evidence means a more accurate decision, but gathering evidence takes time. So accurate decisions are usually slow and inaccurate decisions are faster. But bees only accepted a flower if, at a glance, they were sure it was rewarding. If they had any uncertainty, they rejected it. They might have missed some rewarding flowers, but they successfully focused their efforts only on the flowers with the best chance and best evidence of providing them with sugar.
The only other animals known to beat the speed-accuracy tradeoff are humans and primates. It's indeed amazing that bees seemed to be breaking this boundary.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究团队通过用人工花对蜜蜂进行实验，研究蜜蜂如何作出采蜜决策，发现蜜蜂打破了“速度－准确性权衡”这一现象。
4．How did researchers get the result of the experiment
A．By observing bees in the wild.
B．By analyzing bees' flight paths.
C．By testing bees in different colors.
D．By comparing bees' food preference.
B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“We then used computer vision and machine learning to automatically draw and study the route on which bees flew through. From this information, we found bees very quickly learned to identify the most rewarding flowers.”可知，研究人员是通过分析蜜蜂的飞行路径来获取实验结果的。故选B。
5．What did the research find about bees
A．They could tell artificial flowers immediately.
B．They performed better in certain colored flowers.
C．They made right choices faster than the wrong ones.
D．They made more correct decisions than other species.
C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They quickly assessed whether to accept or reject a flower, but surprisingly they made correct decisions within 0.6 seconds while incorrect decisions took them 1.2 seconds on average.”可知，研究发现蜜蜂作出正确选择的速度比作出错误选择的速度要快。故选C。
6．What does the underlined phrase “poles apart” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Contrary. B．Reasonable.
C．Essential. D．Confusing.
A 词句猜测题。根据画线词前后句可知，通常在动物中，准确的决策比不准确的决策花费的时间更长，但蜜蜂的情况相反，它们作出正确的决定的时间更短。所以“The results and what we expected are poles apart.”表示结果和我们预期的完全相反，“poles apart”意思是“相反的”。故选A。
7．Why do bees beat the speed-accuracy tradeoff
A．They ignore uncertainties.
B．They gather evidence very fast.
C．They stay on the right track while flying.
D．They adopt a special decision-making mechanism.
D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“But bees only accepted a flower if, at a glance, they were sure it was rewarding... with the best chance and best evidence of providing them with sugar.”可知，蜜蜂采用了一种特殊的决策机制，即只接受一眼确定有价值的花，有不确定就拒绝，这使得它们打破了“速度－准确性权衡”。故选D。