高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第二讲推理判断题——重在合情合理课件

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第二讲　推理判断题——重在合情合理
推理判断题属于深层次的阅读理解题。解答该类题时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。
知答题方略
一“抓”一“整”找“依据”，巧做推断隐含题
1.抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即用某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理。
2.整合全文(段)信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文(段)意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。
3.以事实为依据：推断一定要以文章所提供的事实为依据，不能凭空想象，这样才能做出合理的推断。
明命题方式
推断隐含意义类题的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：
◆It can be inferred from the text that ________．
◆It can be concluded from the last paragraph that ________．
◆The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that ________．
◆What can we infer about...？
◆What does the...paragraph imply？
经典感悟
(2025·全国一卷阅读C)．..Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
30．What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s
A．They boosted the sales of cars.
B．They turned out largely ineffective.
C．They won government support.
D．They advocated building new parks.,
答题微点
[解题示范]
第一步　找关键词：题干中的关键信息为“the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s”。
第二步　寻信息句：根据关键句“Although these campaigns were widespread, ...The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.”可知，尽管有这些运动， 但是大多数西方城市还是围绕汽车的需求进行彻底的重新设计， 路上的汽车数量猛增。
第三步　揣摩含义：城市规划仍以道路为中心，故推断这些运动基本上是无效的。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
B
答题方略
知答题方略
观点和态度分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的感彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。
注意作者或文中人物的措辞：
1.分析字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；
2.留意相关氛围的语言及表达情感态度或观点的词句，这些常流露于修饰语之中；
3.结合英语国家的文化传统或风俗习惯等背景知识进行合理推断。
明命题方式
观点态度题的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：
◆What does the author think of...？
◆What is the author's opinion on/about...？
◆What is the author's attitude towards/to...？
◆The author's attitude towards... can be described as ________．
◆How does the author feel about...？
经典感悟
(2024·全国甲卷阅读C)The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year，the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks，before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给).Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train's equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke.“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”
31．What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services
A．Appreciative. B．Doubtful.
C．Ambiguous. D．Cautious.
答题微点
[解题示范]
第一步　看题干：确定题干中的关键词为“Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services”。
第二步　读原文：根据关键词定位信息句为选段最后一段中Ducke的话“I was very impressed”和“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”。
第三步　定答案：最后一段Ducke的话可知，Ducke对服务持赞扬、感激态度。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
A
答题方略
知答题方略 明命题方式
写作意图通常有以下三种：
1.to entertain readers/to tell an experience常见于记叙文、个人经历或故事类的文章。
2.to persuade readers/to sell a product or a service/to attract readers or visitors常见于广告。
3.to inform readers/to report/to tell/to describe sth. 多见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会生活类的文章，以及劝告类或建议性的文章。 写作意图题的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：
◆What is the main purpose of the text？
◆What is the purpose/intention of the author in writing this passage？
◆For what purpose did the author write the passage？
◆The writer writes this passage in order to...
◆What does... want to explain by...？
经典感悟
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B)Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well，” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That's my job.”
27．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A．To prove Farber's point.
B．To emphasize its importance.
C．To praise veterinarians.
D．To advocate animal protection.
答题微点
[解题示范]
第一步　看题干：确定题干中的关键词为“Why does the author mention”。
第二步　读原文：根据关键词定位信息句为“Since 1982, membership...has grown from 30 to over 700.”。
第三步　定答案：关键句具体解释上文中的“the past”，所以作者提及该组织是为了证明冒号前所说的“he may be right”。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
A
答题方略
知答题方略 明命题方式
文章出处题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。考生要对报纸、杂志、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章特点对号入座，选出最佳选项。 文章出处题和类型题的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：
◆From which is the text probably taken？
◆In which of the following would this passage most likely be found？
◆The passage is probably taken out of ________？
◆Where would the passage most probably appear？
经典感悟
(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C)Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists' representations of books and reading，we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books，” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations...
28．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．An introduction to a book.
B．An essay on the art of writing.
C．A guidebook to a museum.
D．A review of modern paintings.
答题微点
[解题示范]
第一步　找关键词：题干中的关键信息为“where”和“is ...taken from”。
第二步　寻信息句：根据关键信息可知本题考查文章出处。可以通过看内容或看关键词来快速解此类题。
第三步　比对答案：根据第一段第一句“Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers is a celebration...three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”和第二段第一句“In this ‘book of books，’ artworks are selected and arranged ...”可知，这本书展示了来自世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品，且本文主要是对该书内容的介绍，故可以推知，本文最有可能摘自书的序言。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
A
答题方略
知答题方略 明命题方式
通过文中出现的人称、作品以及外在评价判断作者身份；
确定读者对象要从文章主题和文章措辞来判断。 文章推断题的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：
◆What can we infer about the author from the text？
◆What does “I” refer to in the text？
◆Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at？
经典感悟
(2021·全国乙卷阅读D)During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That's why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street—so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局).But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
35．What can we infer about the author from the text
A．He's a news reporter.
B．He's an office manager.
C．He's a professional designer.
D．He's a published writer.
答题微点
[解题示范]
第一步　找关键词：题干中的关键信息为“what”和“the author from the text”。
第二步　寻信息句：根据文章出现的人称、作品以及外界评价可判断作者身份。
第三步　比对答案：通过关键信息：“During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often.”可以推测出，作者的身份是一位出版作家。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
D
答题方略
练重点练难点 创新应用体验
A
(2025·广东联考)Searching for a way to breathe life into overlooked objects and forgotten events, Erin started her career working in museums. Before long, she found herself writing a resource manual (使用手册) for teachers, leading school tours, and engaging students in interactive programs. She realized that the enthusiasm she saw on field trips was missing in too many classrooms, and she decided to do something about it.
For the past eight years, Erin has taught social studies in the Milwaukee area． Her mission is not only to raise and develop curiosity about the past, but also to motivate students to update their knowledge in the present.
One day, an eighth grader complained that the reading assignment from a history textbook was inaccurate. If you're a teacher, that kind of criticism could be a headache. Using an outdated textbook would be a sign that you don't know your material, and it would be embarrassing if your students noticed the error before you did.
But Erin had assigned that particular reading intentionally. She collects old history books because she enjoys seeing how the stories we tell change over time, and she decided to give her students part of a textbook from 1940. Some of them just accepted the information it presented without critical thinking. Through years of education, they had come to take it for granted that textbooks told the truth. Others were shocked by errors and omissions (删减). It was rooted in their minds that their readings were filled with undeniable facts.
The lesson led them to start thinking like scientists and questioning what they were learning: Whose story was included, whose was excluded, and what were they missing if only one or two viewpoints were shared After opening her students' eyes to the fact that knowledge can get updated, Erin's next step was to show them that it's always changing and developing.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了Erin如何通过创新的教学方法激发学生对历史的兴趣和提升学生的批判性思维能力。
1．What inspired Erin to want to make a difference
A．Students' lack of passion in class.
B．Her working experience in the museum.
C．The outdated textbooks used in schools.
D．The eagerness to explore forgotten events.
A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“She realized that the enthusiasm she saw on field trips was missing in too many classrooms, and she decided to do something about it.”可知，Erin在博物馆工作时发现，学生们在实地考察中表现出的热情在课堂上却常常缺失。由此可推知，是学生在课堂上缺乏热情激发了Erin想要做出改变。故选A。
2．What may make a teacher awkward according to Paragraph 3
A．Teaching with only one viewpoint.
B．Failing to answer students' questions.
C．Students knowing more than the teacher.
D．Students finding mistakes before teachers do.
D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Using an outdated textbook would be a sign that you don't know your material, and it would be embarrassing if your students noticed the error before you did.”可知，如果学生在老师之前发现教科书中的错误，这会让老师感到尴尬。故选D。
3．Why did Erin make her students read old history books
A．To help them admire history.
B．To prepare them for a history quiz.
C．To develop students' critical thinking.
D．To teach them how to fix errors in textbooks.
C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Erin让学生读旧历史书，一些学生不加批判地接受信息，而另一些学生对错误和删减感到震惊，这节课让他们开始像科学家一样思考并质疑所学内容，由此可推断出，Erin让学生读旧历史书是为了培养学生的批判性思维。故选C。
4．Which column of a magazine may the text be taken from
A．History Facts. B．Scientific Findings.
C．Education Innovations. D．Career Development.
C　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“She realized that the enthusiasm she saw on field trips was missing in too many classrooms, and she decided to do something about it.”可知，文章主要讲述了Erin发现课堂上学生缺乏热情的问题，然后通过让学生读旧历史书培养他们的批判性思维，这是一种教育创新。所以文章可能来自杂志的“教育创新”专栏。故选C。
B
(2025·贵阳联考)Since the public release of ChatGPT, we've interacted more and more with chatbots and other programs that use natural language processing and generative artificial intelligence to simulate conversation. And there's a lot we want to know. How do chatbots generate their answers to our questions How and where do they get their information Could a chatbot ever form a genuine connection with a human And at what point might the chatbot itself seem human
These are the questions the cartoonist and writer Amy Kurzweil brings to Artificial: A Love Story, a graphic memoir that takes a heartfelt look at the technological dimensions of human connection. Kurzweil's perspective and storytelling shows her close relationship with her father, computer scientist and inventor Ray Kurzweil, who has long predicted the eventual merging of human and machine.
At its core, Artificial is an intimate story about how we preserve the bonds of family and the meaning of heritage across physical and temporal distances. Kurzweil narrates the life of her grandfather, Fritz “Fred” Kurzweil, who died when Ray was only 22.
Now Fred is coming back to life, in a way, through AI. His memories, pieced together through personal letters and documentation, have become data, fed to an algorithm (算法) for Ray Kurzweil's latest invention: Fredbot, a chatbot that will write in the voice of his father. Amy Kurzweil, who was tasked with gathering and digitizing thousands of old, often handwritten documents, brings a keen eye to her illustrations, contrasting the ambitious goals of her father's project and the mundanity of sifting through (仔细筛选) file after file, box after box, in a family storage unit. Throughout the narrative, she thinks about the meaning not only of these materials but also of the digital relics of our everyday lives.
Human presence is powerful, yet it is also fleeting. It can arise through the technologies we use to connect with others but is subject to the mistakes of memory and perspective. Kurzweil expresses a growing understanding of her family's legacy and how it has influenced her life as an artist and her relationships.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Artificial：A Love Story一书，通过讲述Amy Kurzweil利用AI技术重现祖父记忆的故事，深刻探讨了科技时代下人类情感的纽带与传承。
5．What is the main topic of Artificial: A Love Story
A．The prediction of the merging of human and machine.
B．The exploration of human bond in technological age.
C．The development of chatbots and AI technology.
D．The life story of Amy Kurzweil and his father.
B　主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第三段“从本质上讲，Artificial是一个温情的故事。它讲述了人们如何跨越时空的阻碍，守护家庭纽带与传承的意义。库兹韦尔讲述了她的祖父弗里茨‘弗雷德’库兹韦尔的一生，他在雷22岁时去世。”可知，Artificial：A Love Story这本书主要探讨的是科技时代下的人类情感纽带。故选B。
6．What can we infer about Fredbot
A．It physically resembles Fred.
B．It uses AI to write in Fred's voice.
C．It simulates the personality of Fred.
D．It narrates the story of Amy's father.
B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“His memories, pieced together through personal letters and documentation, have become data, fed to an algorithm （算法） for Ray Kurzweil's latest invention: Fredbot, a chatbot that will write in the voice of his father.（他的记忆，通过私人信件和文档被拼凑起来并转化为数据，输入到雷·库兹韦尔最新发明的算法中——Fredbot，一个可以用他父亲的声音写作的聊天机器人。）”可知，Fredbot是一个使用AI技术，以Fred的声音写作的聊天机器人。故选B。
7．What does the word “mundanity” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．The excitement of a new project.
B．The challenge of downloading files.
C．The boredom of sorting documents.
D．The creativity of illustrating a story.
C　词义猜测题。 “mundanity”出现在描述Amy Kurzweil整理文件的过程中，与“the ambitious goals of her father's project”形成对比，可以推断出“mundanity”指的是整理文件的无聊和乏味。故选C。
8．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To criticize the use of technology.
B．To give a brief account of AI history.
C．To introduce a new chatbot invention.
D．To reflect on the impact of technology.
D　推理判断题。第一段对ChatGPT和聊天机器人的讨论，后续对Artificial：A Love Story一书的介绍，可以推断出作者主要想反映科技对人类生活的影响。故选D。