高考英语二轮复习专题二阅读七选五第一讲利用设空位置选句课件

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第一讲　利用设空位置选句
阅读七选五设空主要有三种位置：段首、段中和段尾，从写作手法上来看，三种位置关系的句子在文中的作用不尽相同。命题者正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查学生的逻辑思维能力的。
典例剖析◎
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷节选)
·Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason：they're special. With so many online posts featuring the same places，it's easy to feel like you're missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. [线索句①] __37__
·Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world，it's actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. 38.You can still find relatively undiscovered places. Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination's lesser-known sights
·__39__ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. [线索句②] You'll compete with fewer tourists，save money，experience a different side of a popular place，and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
A．Visit during off-peak times.
B.So，should we stop traveling
C.Travel for you and no one else.
D.Can overtourism be avoided then
E.You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F.You'll find yourself virtually alone，or close to it.
G.Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting.
[1] 观察设空位置，确定所填句型：第37题设空处位于段尾，应对前面信息进行概括归纳。第39题位于段首，观察其他段落首句可知，所选句为该段主题句，句型应与其他主题句一致，因此，设空处应是以动词原形开头的祈使句。
[2] 结合关键信息，推测所填句意：由线索句①“Go somewhere only when the landscape，culture or food deeply draws you.(只有当一个地方的风景、文化或食物深深吸引着你的时候才去那里。)”可知，要忠实自己的感受，即“为你自己而不是为别人旅行”。
由线索句②“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.”可知，旅游时要注意避开重要的节假日或高峰期，选择合适的时间，所以本段主要讲“在非高峰时间旅游”。
[3] 初步锁定答案：结合句式结构和段落大意可知，37选C; 39选A。
[4] 代入原文验证：代入原文后第37题前后句意为“只有当一个地方的风景、文化或食物深深吸引着你的时候才去那里。为你自己而不是为别人旅行。”C项放在此处可以很好地总结本段前面信息。代入原文后第39题前后句意为“在非高峰时间旅游。避开重要的节假日或高峰时段，将影响最小化，将体验最深化。”A项放在此处可以很好地概括本段主旨。
解题策略◎
技法1　设空在段首
段首题主要考查三种情况：段落小标题； 段落主题句；段落过渡句(承上启下)。
1．段落小标题
设空处是小标题时，表明此处是对本段内容的总结，我们需要通读段落的内容。其正确选项短小精悍，多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使句。
典例1　(2025·浙江卷1月) Keep your audience in mind.
Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests. 37.Speak directly to what matters to them. This will engage their desire to understand and interact with the information.
Don't use ten words when one will do.
Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand.38.As the speaker, you already know what you're going to say. However, they're hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple.
__39__
If you've ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you'll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it. Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others. Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills.
A．Be patient.
B.Get the audience involved.
C.The best messages are often simple.
D.Speak directly to what matters to them.
E.You may be surprised by what your listeners offer.
F.It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.
G.As the speaker, you already know what you're going to say.
[解题思路]　本题考查段落标题句。首先根据上文的另外两个小标题“Keep your audience in mind.”和“Don't use ten words when one will do.”可知，标题句皆为祈使句，可以将选择范围缩小到A、B和D三项。根据下文可知，本段通过举例(教师、经理等通过 “教别人” 来学习)引出建议：让听众贡献想法、解释概念、主导讨论，核心是让听众参与。B选项“让听众参与进来”能概括这部分内容，适合作段首小标题。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
B
[解题策略]
2.段落主题句
设空处位于段首，通常是段落主题句。解题时需要认真研读该段内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。
典例2　(2025·全国二卷)
You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.
__38__ Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.
A．Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B.Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C.Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D.Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E.For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F.You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn't know about before.
G.Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
[解题思路]　本空考查段落主题句。空后以华盛顿大学研究为例，说明55岁及以上的志愿者比相同年龄的其他人记忆力更好、整体健康维持更久。选项E“对成年人来说，志愿服务能带来显著的身体健康益处”作为段落主旨句，概括下文研究结论，符合语境。选项E中的“adults” “physical health benefits”与下文“adults 55 and older” “had better memory and maintained overall health longer”相呼应。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
E
[解题策略]　
3.段落过渡句
设空在段首，有时起到引出下文的作用。在语义和逻辑上与下文相衔接，如有小标题，内容和小标题相呼应。
典例3　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I keep two reference books close-by on my desk：dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. 37.It takes no account of the context. Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
__38__ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
A．I don't often use this dictionary.
B．It takes no account of the context.
C．But I still don't want to replace them.
D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E．Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G．Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
[解题思路]　本空考查段落过渡句。根据上段内容可知，上段提到词典的单词拼写功能；又根据空后内容可知，该段讲述了词典具备的其他功能。空处应引出下文，使上下文衔接。
[自主解答]　　　　.　
E
[解题策略]
段中设空属于对主题句的展开，通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。段中设空的特点主要是以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充上文的具体事实、事例和说明。
解答此类试题时，考生首先应确定所缺的句子是细节句还是过渡句，对于这两类句子，应采用不同的方法来解题。
典例　(2025·全国一卷)One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. __39__ “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood，” Wright said.
A．The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B.She has two children aged eight and four.
C.Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D.After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup.
E.Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles.
F.Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G.She has served here for 17 years and can't imagine working anywhere else.
[解题思路]　本空考查段中句。空格前 “每周 6 天去咖啡馆” 是行为，空格后 “笑容让人心情愉悦” 是感受——此选项先说明 “去咖啡馆” 的积极结果(开启美好一天、准备上课)，再通过后文 “笑容” 解释这一结果的原因，形成 “行为→结果→原因” 的完整逻辑链，符合上下文语境。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
F
[解题策略]
设空在段尾，通常为结论性、概括性语句，若不是结论性、概括性语句，则考虑是过渡句，即通过空格把本段与下一段巧妙地衔接起来。
1．段落主题句或总结句
典例1　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you've done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. __38__
A．A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B.Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C.They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D.It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E.It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F.Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G.Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
[解题思路]　根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading ‘Acts of kindness.’ On this one...or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出自己所做的好事。选项F是对上文列出善举这一做法的总结，讲述的是不管你所做的事情有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
F
[解题策略]　
2.段落过渡句
典例2　(2025·北京卷)As Alice Black points out, today's parents' fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. __35__
But Turner's other cycles are just as important. 36.They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world.
A．It's also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles.
B.They talk about someone's inability to support themselves through work.
C.It's being able to show understanding when communicating with others.
D.In other words, you're playing the game of life—life isn't playing you.
E.They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity.
F.You feel like an 18-year-old, especially when playing 80s music.
G.When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity.
[解题思路]　空格前后围绕 “孩子成长阶段与自我能力培养” 展开，空格处应强调这个阶段的重要性或缺失这个阶段会带来什么影响。G 项 “当该阶段被剥夺时，会产生不安全感” 承接前文 “特定阶段”，“被剥夺(denied)” 与后文 “delayed, interrupted, or denied” 呼应，既具体说明该阶段受阻碍的直接影响，又为后文其他周期受影响的后果铺垫，逻辑连贯。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
G
[解题策略]
练重点练难点 创新应用体验
A
(2025·“皖南八校”第三次大联考)Hope has many aspects that can help us create and maintain positive expectations for the future. Understanding these different elements helps us build hope in ourselves and others.
People need to want something before they can hope for it. Hope starts with wanting a future outcome that might happen, even if it seems unlikely. __1__. For example, patients who truly want to recover from illness are more likely to follow their treatment plans. Getting clear about what you want is an important first step in building hope.
__2__. While we can't predict the future, believing that good things can happen helps build hope. However, people differ in how much certainty they need before feeling hopeful. Some need lots of evidence, while others trust more easily. Past failures shouldn't stop us from hoping, as many seemingly impossible things have become reality.
Understanding what is possible helps create hope. Research shows that keeping hope alive can affect recovery and pain relief. __3__. This shows how powerful belief can be. As someone says, seeing a possible pathway forward is both a source and a product of hope.
Being positive helps maintain hope over time. While hope can change with situations, having a positive outlook is more lasting. Optimistic people often have better health and handle challenges better. They look for good news even in bad situations, while negative people might focus too much on problems. __4__.
Trust plays an important role in building hope. Trust means believing that things will generally work out and that people are mostly reliable. __5__. While not everyone can be trusted, being willing to trust often leads to better relationships and results. Fear might feel safer, but it can prevent us from moving forward and finding happiness.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了希望的多个方面及其对构建和维持希望的作用。
A．So learning to change takes daily practice
B．Life often brings unexpected changes and surprises
C．Unlike other parts of hope, trust is a choice we make
D．Believing in good outcomes makes hope grow stronger
E．Staying positive can help both individuals and groups maintain hope
F．Even when taking inactive medicine, hopeful patients often feel better
G．When people strongly desire something, they're more likely to take action to achieve it
1．G　上文“People need to want something before they can hope for it. Hope starts with wanting a future outcome that might happen, even if it seems unlikely.”说明希望始于想要某个结果。空处和前文为顺接关系，说明当人们强烈渴望某事物时会更易采取行动。所以G项 “When people strongly desire something”和上文中的“Hope starts with wanting a future outcome that might happen”相呼应。故选G。
2．D　下文“While we can't predict the future, believing that good things can happen helps build hope.”说明相信好事会发生对建立希望有帮助。空处为段落主旨句，应体现相信好的结果能让希望更强烈。故选D。
3．F　上文“Research shows that keeping hope alive can affect recovery and pain relief.”说明希望对康复等有影响。空处应举例说明希望的这种影响。所以F项 “hopeful patients often feel better”和上文中“affect recovery and pain relief”相呼应。故选F。
4．E　上文“Optimistic people often have better health and handle challenges better. They look for good news even in bad situations, while negative people might focus too much on problems.” 说明积极乐观的好处。空处应总结积极对维持希望的作用。所以E项 “Staying positive”和上文中的“Optimistic people”相呼应。故选E。
5．C　上文“Trust means believing that things will generally work out and that people are mostly reliable.”说明信任的含义。下文“While not everyone can be trusted, being willing to trust often leads to better relationships and results.”说明信任是一种选择。空处和前后文为顺承关系，强调信任是一种选择。故选C。
B
Conversations are like two-way streets: we take turns speaking and listening. While we often focus on what we say, there's something profoundly positive in the act of listening. __1__ But here's where it gets tricky: being a good listener isn't easy. It can be emotionally draining, especially in tough conversations.
My colleagues and I recently explored the downsides of listening in a study with school teachers. We asked the teachers how much effort they put into listening to their students. And we found that the more effort teachers put into listening, the more they reported feeling burned out. Why does this happen For teachers, listening isn't just about hearing words. __2__ This can be incredibly draining, especially when teachers feel responsible for solving problems they may not have the resources or time to address.
This isn't just a problem for teachers, it affects all of us. Whether we're parents, partners, friends, or colleagues, we all find ourselves in situations where we have to listen to others' worries and stresses. And without realizing it, we absorb that emotional weight. __3__ In a world where we're constantly connected, we need to be aware of the emotional costs of listening.
__4__ First, focus on listening without planning your response. This keeps you present and allows the speaker to feel truly heard. Second, understand that sometimes listening is enough; don't feel you have to fix the problem. __5__ Finally, don't always feel like you have to reflect. When someone is sharing a deeply negative experience, like the loss of loved ones, reflecting those emotions back to them may only deepen their pain.
Ultimately, while listening is one of the most powerful tools we have for connection, it's important to know when to fully engage and when to take a step back to protect our own well-being.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了聆听的重要性及其带来的情感负担，尤其在教师职业中，并提出了避免聆听导致情感消耗的策略，强调需要平衡自身的情感健康。
A．So, how can we listen without burning out
B．How can we fix their problems while listening
C．Often, listening, even without taking action, is healing.
D．Over time, this emotional burden can wear us down, leading to burnout.
E．It involves absorbing their students' emotional challenges and struggles.
F．As is often the case, attentive listening brings unintended bad consequences.
G．It can build trust, strengthen bonds, and expand our understanding of the world.
1．G　上文提到“While we often focus on what we say, there's something profoundly positive in the act of listening.”说明倾听有积极的影响。空处需要承接上文，进一步说明倾听的好处。 G选项正好阐述了倾听的积极作用，与上文形成连贯的论述，其中选项中的it指代前文提到的“倾听的行为”。 故选G。
2．E　上文提到“For teachers, listening isn't just about hearing words.”说明倾听对教师来说有更深的含义，接下来应该解释为什么倾听会让人感到疲惫。 E选项进一步解释了倾听对教师来说意味着什么，即不仅要听学生的话，还要理解并承受他们的情感压力，符合语境。 故选E。
3．D　上文提到“And without realizing it, we absorb that emotional weight.”说明在倾听过程中，我们可能会不自觉地承受他人的情感负担。 D选项“Over time, this emotional burden can wear us down, leading to burnout.”进一步说明了长期承受情感负担的后果，与上文形成连贯的论述。 其中选项中“this emotional burden”与上文的“that emotional weight”相呼应，符合语境。故选D。
4．A　上文提到“In a world where we're constantly connected, we need to be aware of the emotional costs of listening.”说明倾听有情感成本，需要找到应对方法。 A选项提出了一个问题，即如何在倾听时不感到筋疲力尽，引出了下文“First，...Second，...Finally，...”对于如何有效倾听的建议。 故选A。
5．C　上文提到“Second, understand that sometimes listening is enough; don't feel you have to fix the problem.”说明倾听本身就是一种支持，不一定需要采取行动。C选项“Often, listening, even without taking action, is healing.”进一步强调了倾听的积极作用，即使不直接解决问题，也能给人带来安慰和治愈。故选C。