高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第三讲主旨大意题——不被“浮云”遮眼课件
文档属性
| 名称 | 高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第三讲主旨大意题——不被“浮云”遮眼课件 |
|
|
| 格式 | ppt | ||
| 文件大小 | 997.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-02-24 00:00:00 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共61张PPT)
第三讲 主旨大意题——不被“浮云”遮眼
主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分较多的题型，因其既考查略读领会大意能力，也对归纳概括能力要求高。该题型无明显解题依据，需抽取提炼关键词、主题句加工概括，故切勿草率作答，需读完读通文章再判定，建议放到最后做。此类题型可分为三大类，即标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。
标题归纳题要求在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。注意最佳标题的特点：精准性强，不改变原文的意义和感彩；覆盖性强，能概括全文并体现文章的主旨。
知答题方略
明命题方式
1.Which is the most suitable title for the text？
2.What can be a suitable title for the text？
3.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？
4.Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage？
[典例1] (2025·全国二卷阅读C)When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn't have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1，200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70，000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashion right now，” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida． “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating，” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think．” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body.
“Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants，” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces．”
If you're among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don't beat yourself up if one (or a few！) doesn't make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one，” Detrinidad says.
31．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Time to Replace Houseplants
B．Plants Boost Your Mood
C．Tips on Choosing Houseplants
D．Plants Brighten Your Home
解题示范
第一步：读文章，理清结构
段落 内容概述
Para．1 当索尼娅·德等里尼达德开设她的网上植物销售店时，对这些植物并不抱太大希望，但实际情况却恰恰相反，订单增多。
Para．2 佛罗里达大学的研究员发现：植物可以通过多种方式改善我们的心理状态。
Para．3 研究显示：在植物丰富的环境中的学生在学业上的表现要比身处无植物教室中的学生更出色。
Para．4 要学会培养照料植物的技能，这是一个漫长的过程。
第二步：细揣摩，概括文意
本文是一篇说明文。文章从一个室内植物网店销售火爆说起，介绍了绿植对人们情绪和思维影响的相关研究，倡导栽培室内植物的健康生活。
核心价值取向：体现了人与自然之间的相互关系，植物对人的情绪的影响。
第三步：分析选项，斟酌判断
A 是时候更换室内植物了。
文中虽提到植物可能养死，但重点并非强调更换，主要围绕植物带来的益处等。 以偏概全，
主次不分
B 植物提升你的情绪。
文章阐述植物能改善情绪(如降低压力激素、提升生活满意度等)、对学业和工作表现有积极影响等，“提升情绪” 是植物诸多益处的概括，能体现文章核心。
涵盖性强，
统领全文
[自主解答] .
C 选择室内植物的小贴士。
全文未涉及选择室内植物的相关建议。 无中生有，
生搬硬套
D 植物点亮你的家。
文中未着重描述植物对家居环境 “点亮”的作用，重点在植物对身心健康有益处。 偏离主旨，
移花接木
B
文章大意题是考查考生深层理解文章以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的， 把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。
知答题方略
明命题方式
1.What is the main theme/topic/idea of this/the passage/text？
2.What does the text/passage mainly focus on？
3.The passage/text is mainly about ________．
4.The main idea of the passage is ________．
5.What does the story mainly tell us？
[典例2] (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C)We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However，most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey，Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally，it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital，restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically，it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud，BMF is remotely monitored. Also，there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated，it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil，the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest，users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover，having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition，there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee.
31．What does the text mainly talk about
A．BMF's major strengths.
B．BMF's general management.
C．BMF's global influence.
D．BMF's technical standards.
解题示范
第一步：读文章，理清结构
第二步：细揣摩，概括文意
本文是一篇说明文，围绕 “室内微型种植系统 Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF)” 展开，通过清晰的逻辑层次介绍其核心价值与特点，传递可持续发展理念。
第三步：分析选项，斟酌判断
A BMF 的主要优势。
文章围绕 BMF 展开，介绍了其能缩短食物运输距离、适用场景广泛、依托新技术高效运作、具有环保价值等多方面优势，这些都是其主要优势的体现。
涵盖性强，
统领全文
B BMF 的综合管理。
全文未涉及 BMF 的综合管理相关内容，如人员管理、运营管理等方面均未提及。 无中生有，
生搬硬套
[自主解答] .
C BMF 的全球影响力。
文中仅介绍了 BMF 自身的特点和优势，以及员工的相关实践，并未提到其在全球范围内产生的影响。 偏离主旨，
无中生有
D BMF 的技术标准。
文章虽提到 BMF 依靠新技术，有云端监控、实时数据等技术特征，但这只是其中一部分内容，不能概括全文，仅为文章的局部信息。 以偏概全，
主次不分
A
段落大意题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对某个段落基本内容的简缩和概括。概括、总结、归纳段落大意就是用准确、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。
知答题方略
明命题方式
1.What is the first/second/...paragraph mainly about？
2.What does paragraph...mainly talk about？
3.What does the writer try to express in paragraph...？
[典例3] (2025·全国二卷阅读D)It should be noted that none of the items on wastED's menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.
34．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Why the ingredients were used.
B．Which dishes were best liked.
C．What the dishes were made of.
D．Where the ingredients were bought.
解题示范
第一步：读文章， 理清结构
第二步：细揣摩， 概括段意
wastED 菜单上的菜品并非由垃圾制成，而是使用了大多数餐厅不会考虑供应的肉类和农产品(如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼 collar、被拒收的红薯、黄瓜头)，这些食材在优秀厨师的加工下被重新利用，变成了美味佳肴。整体来看，段落以 “否定误解—明确事实—举例佐证” 的逻辑递进，层层解释 wastED 菜单食材的本质与价值。
第三步：分析选项，斟酌判断
A 段落中未提及使用这些配料的原因，如为何选择这些大多数餐厅不考虑的食材等相关内容均未涉及。 无中生有，
生搬硬套
B 段落中没有提到哪些菜品最受欢迎，未涉及菜品的受欢迎程度相关信息。 无中生有，
生搬硬套
[自主解答] .
C 段落明确指出 wastED 菜单上的菜品并非由垃圾制成，而是使用大多数餐厅不会选用的肉类和农产品，并列举了羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼 collar 等具体食材，说明这些食材经加工成为佳肴，核心就是介绍菜品的制作原料。 涵盖性强，
统领该段
D 文中没有关于这些配料购买地点的描述，未涉及相关信息 无中生有，
生搬硬套
C
练重点练难点 创新应用体验
A
(2025·河北模拟)Gukesh Dommaraju, from Chennai, India, has been playing chess since he was about 7 years old and turned professional at 10. By 12, he became a chess grandmaster, the highest title a chess player can reach. Over the last few years, he has had numerous successes. In April 2024, he emerged victorious in the Candidates Tournament, qualifying him to challenge the world champion, Ding Liren.
The world chess champion is decided by a series of 14 games between the champion and the challenger. Players earn 1 point for winning a game and a half point for every drawn(tied) game. To win, a player must earn 7.5 points.
Even though Ding was the world champion, many people thought Gukesh might win, as Ding had been struggling, with no wins since January. Despite this, Ding quickly took the lead by winning the first game. However, Gukesh began to play better, winning Game 3 and continuing to perform well. The players tied every game after that until Gukesh won Game 11. Ding then took Game 12. After Game 13 ended in a draw, the match was tied at 7.5 points each, setting up the final game as the decider. In the last game, Gukesh and Ding played for almost five hours.
On the 55th move, Ding made a serious mistake, which left him “totally in shock”. This allowed Gukesh to exchange some pieces and gain an advantage, leading to his victory. Ding congratulated the new champion, and Gukesh was so happy that he cried.
Many people have congratulated Gukesh on his victory. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that Gukesh's victory had “inspired millions of young minds to dream big”．
Despite being the world champion, Gukesh remains focused on improving his game. “Becoming the world champion does not mean I am the best player，” he said. He hopes one day to be as strong a chess player as Magnus Carlsen, who was world champion for 10 years and is still ranked No.1 in the world.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了印度棋手Gukesh Dommaraju成为世界冠军的历程。
1．What earned Gukesh the chance to challenge Ding
A．The highest title he has reached.
B．His passion for playing chess.
C．Winning Candidates Tournament.
D．The age at which he competed.
C 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In April 2024, he emerged victorious in the Candidates Tournament, qualifying him to challenge the world champion, Ding Liren.”可知，Gukesh赢得了候选人锦标赛，获得了挑战世界冠军丁立人的机会。故选C。
2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3
A．The game was fiercely contested.
B．Gukesh had an advantage over Ding.
C．Gukesh and Ding got the same final point.
D．Ding made no wins in the whole game.
A 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，这场比赛竞争十分激烈。故选A。
3．Which of the following can best describe Gukesh
A．Generous and caring.
B．Humble and inspiring.
C．Confident and outgoing.
D．Humorous and determined.
B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘Becoming the world champion does not mean I am the best player’”可知，即使成为世界冠军，他仍然很谦虚；根据第五段中“Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that Gukesh's victory had ‘inspired millions of young minds to dream big’．”可知，印度总理认为Gukesh的胜利“激励了数百万年轻人敢于梦想”。由此可推知，Gukesh的胜利是鼓舞人心的。故选B。
4．What does the text mainly highlight about Gukesh
A．The impact of his victory on young minds.
B．The importance of his early training in chess.
C．The journey of his becoming a world champion.
D．The strategies used by him to defeat Ding Liren.
C 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“In April 2024, he emerged victorious in the Candidates Tournament, qualifying him to challenge the world champion, Ding Liren.”以及本文主要讲述了来自印度金奈的Gukesh Dommaraju从七岁开始学习国际象棋，十岁时成为职业棋手，十二岁时成为国际象棋特级大师，并在2024年4月赢得了候选人锦标赛，获得了挑战世界冠军丁立人的机会，最终经过激烈的竞争，战胜了丁立人，成为新的世界冠军的故事。由此可知，本文主要讲述了Gukesh成为世界冠军的历程。故选C。
B
(2025·沈阳质量监测三)Whoever says fast food is unhealthy for the body and the environment hasn't been introduced to Sweetgreen, a chain restaurant committed to changing how we view food production, consumption and waste.
In short, Sweetgreen represents a new era of fast food—one that focuses on healthy ingredients (原料) and local community. It began on August 1, 2007 when three recent college graduates launched the flagship location in Washington D. C. Tired of having to choose between slow but healthy food options and food that was fast but unhealthy, they made a commitment to offering quality and convenient food as a better option.
Every step along the 16-year journey has been focused on one central principle. The company explains in its mission statement, “Our core values guide our actions and we aim to empower our customers, team members and partners to be a positive force on the food system. That's why we're building a transparent (透明的) supply network.” Therefore, transparency is at the very foundation of the company.
At the top of the list of items customers can expect fresh ingredients that are locally sourced and organic whenever possible. Even with that goal in mind, the words “organic” and “local” were recently removed from the menu in an effort to honor full transparency in instances where ingredients may have traveled further or come from a farm not officially recognized as organic. To provide localized information, Sweetgreen restaurants post a source board. Online, customers can see specials that highlight local fare, such as Lobster Roll Salad in Boston, Garlic Chili Shrimp Bowl in Houston and Citrus Shrimp and Avocado in Miami.
In order to protect the environment, Sweetgreen focuses on selecting foods that are regionally sourced and sustainably grown. The company also looks for agricultural operations that rely on regenerative farming practices that benefit the environment and Sweetgreen customers. By cooperating with local farmers who prioritize water conservation, the use of renewable energy and organic methods, etc., Sweetgreen calculates a 50% reduction in the footprint that comes from previous suppliers.
“At Sweetgreen, we have a saying: The choices we make about what we eat, where it comes from, and how it's prepared have a direct and powerful impact on the health of individuals, communities and the environment. Today, with the future of the planet at risk, these words have never rung more true，” said the company.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了专注于健康食材和当地社区的连锁快餐店Sweetgreen。
5．What problem about food did Sweetgreen aim to solve initially
A．The complex process of production.
B．The time-consumption of packaging.
C．The trade-off between quality and accessibility.
D．The high costs between transportation and sale.
C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Tired of having to choose between slow but healthy food options and food that was fast but unhealthy, they made a commitment to offering quality and convenient food as a better option.”可知，他们厌倦了必须在“健康但耗时”和“快捷但不健康”之间作出选择，所以Sweetgreen最初旨在解决质量和便捷之间的权衡。故选C。
6．Why did Sweetgreen remove the words “organic” and “local” from its menu
A．To cut food sourcing expenses.
B．To promote local fresh specials.
C．To simplify the menu readability.
D．To highlight the central principle.
D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Therefore, transparency is at the very foundation of the company.”和第四段中“Even with that goal in mind, ...may have traveled further or come from a farm not officially recognized as organic.”可知，Sweetgreen移除“有机”和“本地”标签是为了在食材来源不符合标准时保持完全透明，这与其核心原则“透明性”一致。故选D。
7．Which word can best describe Sweetgreen
A．Conservative. B．Conventional.
C．Innovative. D．Invariable.
C 推理判断题。根据第三段中“That's why we're building a transparent （透明的） supply network.”和倒数第二段可知，Sweetgreen建立透明供应链，并寻求环保合作，均是创新举措。故选C。
8．What can be the best title for the text
A．Sweetgreen: Popularizing Fast-Food Restaurants
B．Sweetgreen: Pioneering Sustainable Food Practices
C．Sweetgreen: The New Approach to Organic Farming
D．Sweetgreen: Transparent Supply and Community Focus
B 标题归纳题。根据全文内容，结合第一段和倒数第二段中“In order to protect the environment, Sweetgreen focuses on selecting foods that are regionally sourced and sustainably grown.”可知，文章主要介绍了专注于健康食材和当地社区的连锁快餐店Sweetgreen，B项“Sweetgreen：开拓可持续食品实践”最适合作为标题。故选B。
第三讲 主旨大意题——不被“浮云”遮眼
主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分较多的题型，因其既考查略读领会大意能力，也对归纳概括能力要求高。该题型无明显解题依据，需抽取提炼关键词、主题句加工概括，故切勿草率作答，需读完读通文章再判定，建议放到最后做。此类题型可分为三大类，即标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。
标题归纳题要求在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。注意最佳标题的特点：精准性强，不改变原文的意义和感彩；覆盖性强，能概括全文并体现文章的主旨。
知答题方略
明命题方式
1.Which is the most suitable title for the text？
2.What can be a suitable title for the text？
3.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？
4.Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage？
[典例1] (2025·全国二卷阅读C)When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn't have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1，200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70，000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashion right now，” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida． “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating，” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think．” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body.
“Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants，” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces．”
If you're among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don't beat yourself up if one (or a few！) doesn't make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one，” Detrinidad says.
31．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Time to Replace Houseplants
B．Plants Boost Your Mood
C．Tips on Choosing Houseplants
D．Plants Brighten Your Home
解题示范
第一步：读文章，理清结构
段落 内容概述
Para．1 当索尼娅·德等里尼达德开设她的网上植物销售店时，对这些植物并不抱太大希望，但实际情况却恰恰相反，订单增多。
Para．2 佛罗里达大学的研究员发现：植物可以通过多种方式改善我们的心理状态。
Para．3 研究显示：在植物丰富的环境中的学生在学业上的表现要比身处无植物教室中的学生更出色。
Para．4 要学会培养照料植物的技能，这是一个漫长的过程。
第二步：细揣摩，概括文意
本文是一篇说明文。文章从一个室内植物网店销售火爆说起，介绍了绿植对人们情绪和思维影响的相关研究，倡导栽培室内植物的健康生活。
核心价值取向：体现了人与自然之间的相互关系，植物对人的情绪的影响。
第三步：分析选项，斟酌判断
A 是时候更换室内植物了。
文中虽提到植物可能养死，但重点并非强调更换，主要围绕植物带来的益处等。 以偏概全，
主次不分
B 植物提升你的情绪。
文章阐述植物能改善情绪(如降低压力激素、提升生活满意度等)、对学业和工作表现有积极影响等，“提升情绪” 是植物诸多益处的概括，能体现文章核心。
涵盖性强，
统领全文
[自主解答] .
C 选择室内植物的小贴士。
全文未涉及选择室内植物的相关建议。 无中生有，
生搬硬套
D 植物点亮你的家。
文中未着重描述植物对家居环境 “点亮”的作用，重点在植物对身心健康有益处。 偏离主旨，
移花接木
B
文章大意题是考查考生深层理解文章以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的， 把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。
知答题方略
明命题方式
1.What is the main theme/topic/idea of this/the passage/text？
2.What does the text/passage mainly focus on？
3.The passage/text is mainly about ________．
4.The main idea of the passage is ________．
5.What does the story mainly tell us？
[典例2] (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C)We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However，most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey，Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally，it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital，restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically，it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud，BMF is remotely monitored. Also，there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated，it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil，the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest，users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover，having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition，there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee.
31．What does the text mainly talk about
A．BMF's major strengths.
B．BMF's general management.
C．BMF's global influence.
D．BMF's technical standards.
解题示范
第一步：读文章，理清结构
第二步：细揣摩，概括文意
本文是一篇说明文，围绕 “室内微型种植系统 Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF)” 展开，通过清晰的逻辑层次介绍其核心价值与特点，传递可持续发展理念。
第三步：分析选项，斟酌判断
A BMF 的主要优势。
文章围绕 BMF 展开，介绍了其能缩短食物运输距离、适用场景广泛、依托新技术高效运作、具有环保价值等多方面优势，这些都是其主要优势的体现。
涵盖性强，
统领全文
B BMF 的综合管理。
全文未涉及 BMF 的综合管理相关内容，如人员管理、运营管理等方面均未提及。 无中生有，
生搬硬套
[自主解答] .
C BMF 的全球影响力。
文中仅介绍了 BMF 自身的特点和优势，以及员工的相关实践，并未提到其在全球范围内产生的影响。 偏离主旨，
无中生有
D BMF 的技术标准。
文章虽提到 BMF 依靠新技术，有云端监控、实时数据等技术特征，但这只是其中一部分内容，不能概括全文，仅为文章的局部信息。 以偏概全，
主次不分
A
段落大意题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对某个段落基本内容的简缩和概括。概括、总结、归纳段落大意就是用准确、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。
知答题方略
明命题方式
1.What is the first/second/...paragraph mainly about？
2.What does paragraph...mainly talk about？
3.What does the writer try to express in paragraph...？
[典例3] (2025·全国二卷阅读D)It should be noted that none of the items on wastED's menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.
34．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Why the ingredients were used.
B．Which dishes were best liked.
C．What the dishes were made of.
D．Where the ingredients were bought.
解题示范
第一步：读文章， 理清结构
第二步：细揣摩， 概括段意
wastED 菜单上的菜品并非由垃圾制成，而是使用了大多数餐厅不会考虑供应的肉类和农产品(如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼 collar、被拒收的红薯、黄瓜头)，这些食材在优秀厨师的加工下被重新利用，变成了美味佳肴。整体来看，段落以 “否定误解—明确事实—举例佐证” 的逻辑递进，层层解释 wastED 菜单食材的本质与价值。
第三步：分析选项，斟酌判断
A 段落中未提及使用这些配料的原因，如为何选择这些大多数餐厅不考虑的食材等相关内容均未涉及。 无中生有，
生搬硬套
B 段落中没有提到哪些菜品最受欢迎，未涉及菜品的受欢迎程度相关信息。 无中生有，
生搬硬套
[自主解答] .
C 段落明确指出 wastED 菜单上的菜品并非由垃圾制成，而是使用大多数餐厅不会选用的肉类和农产品，并列举了羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼 collar 等具体食材，说明这些食材经加工成为佳肴，核心就是介绍菜品的制作原料。 涵盖性强，
统领该段
D 文中没有关于这些配料购买地点的描述，未涉及相关信息 无中生有，
生搬硬套
C
练重点练难点 创新应用体验
A
(2025·河北模拟)Gukesh Dommaraju, from Chennai, India, has been playing chess since he was about 7 years old and turned professional at 10. By 12, he became a chess grandmaster, the highest title a chess player can reach. Over the last few years, he has had numerous successes. In April 2024, he emerged victorious in the Candidates Tournament, qualifying him to challenge the world champion, Ding Liren.
The world chess champion is decided by a series of 14 games between the champion and the challenger. Players earn 1 point for winning a game and a half point for every drawn(tied) game. To win, a player must earn 7.5 points.
Even though Ding was the world champion, many people thought Gukesh might win, as Ding had been struggling, with no wins since January. Despite this, Ding quickly took the lead by winning the first game. However, Gukesh began to play better, winning Game 3 and continuing to perform well. The players tied every game after that until Gukesh won Game 11. Ding then took Game 12. After Game 13 ended in a draw, the match was tied at 7.5 points each, setting up the final game as the decider. In the last game, Gukesh and Ding played for almost five hours.
On the 55th move, Ding made a serious mistake, which left him “totally in shock”. This allowed Gukesh to exchange some pieces and gain an advantage, leading to his victory. Ding congratulated the new champion, and Gukesh was so happy that he cried.
Many people have congratulated Gukesh on his victory. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that Gukesh's victory had “inspired millions of young minds to dream big”．
Despite being the world champion, Gukesh remains focused on improving his game. “Becoming the world champion does not mean I am the best player，” he said. He hopes one day to be as strong a chess player as Magnus Carlsen, who was world champion for 10 years and is still ranked No.1 in the world.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了印度棋手Gukesh Dommaraju成为世界冠军的历程。
1．What earned Gukesh the chance to challenge Ding
A．The highest title he has reached.
B．His passion for playing chess.
C．Winning Candidates Tournament.
D．The age at which he competed.
C 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In April 2024, he emerged victorious in the Candidates Tournament, qualifying him to challenge the world champion, Ding Liren.”可知，Gukesh赢得了候选人锦标赛，获得了挑战世界冠军丁立人的机会。故选C。
2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3
A．The game was fiercely contested.
B．Gukesh had an advantage over Ding.
C．Gukesh and Ding got the same final point.
D．Ding made no wins in the whole game.
A 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，这场比赛竞争十分激烈。故选A。
3．Which of the following can best describe Gukesh
A．Generous and caring.
B．Humble and inspiring.
C．Confident and outgoing.
D．Humorous and determined.
B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘Becoming the world champion does not mean I am the best player’”可知，即使成为世界冠军，他仍然很谦虚；根据第五段中“Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that Gukesh's victory had ‘inspired millions of young minds to dream big’．”可知，印度总理认为Gukesh的胜利“激励了数百万年轻人敢于梦想”。由此可推知，Gukesh的胜利是鼓舞人心的。故选B。
4．What does the text mainly highlight about Gukesh
A．The impact of his victory on young minds.
B．The importance of his early training in chess.
C．The journey of his becoming a world champion.
D．The strategies used by him to defeat Ding Liren.
C 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“In April 2024, he emerged victorious in the Candidates Tournament, qualifying him to challenge the world champion, Ding Liren.”以及本文主要讲述了来自印度金奈的Gukesh Dommaraju从七岁开始学习国际象棋，十岁时成为职业棋手，十二岁时成为国际象棋特级大师，并在2024年4月赢得了候选人锦标赛，获得了挑战世界冠军丁立人的机会，最终经过激烈的竞争，战胜了丁立人，成为新的世界冠军的故事。由此可知，本文主要讲述了Gukesh成为世界冠军的历程。故选C。
B
(2025·沈阳质量监测三)Whoever says fast food is unhealthy for the body and the environment hasn't been introduced to Sweetgreen, a chain restaurant committed to changing how we view food production, consumption and waste.
In short, Sweetgreen represents a new era of fast food—one that focuses on healthy ingredients (原料) and local community. It began on August 1, 2007 when three recent college graduates launched the flagship location in Washington D. C. Tired of having to choose between slow but healthy food options and food that was fast but unhealthy, they made a commitment to offering quality and convenient food as a better option.
Every step along the 16-year journey has been focused on one central principle. The company explains in its mission statement, “Our core values guide our actions and we aim to empower our customers, team members and partners to be a positive force on the food system. That's why we're building a transparent (透明的) supply network.” Therefore, transparency is at the very foundation of the company.
At the top of the list of items customers can expect fresh ingredients that are locally sourced and organic whenever possible. Even with that goal in mind, the words “organic” and “local” were recently removed from the menu in an effort to honor full transparency in instances where ingredients may have traveled further or come from a farm not officially recognized as organic. To provide localized information, Sweetgreen restaurants post a source board. Online, customers can see specials that highlight local fare, such as Lobster Roll Salad in Boston, Garlic Chili Shrimp Bowl in Houston and Citrus Shrimp and Avocado in Miami.
In order to protect the environment, Sweetgreen focuses on selecting foods that are regionally sourced and sustainably grown. The company also looks for agricultural operations that rely on regenerative farming practices that benefit the environment and Sweetgreen customers. By cooperating with local farmers who prioritize water conservation, the use of renewable energy and organic methods, etc., Sweetgreen calculates a 50% reduction in the footprint that comes from previous suppliers.
“At Sweetgreen, we have a saying: The choices we make about what we eat, where it comes from, and how it's prepared have a direct and powerful impact on the health of individuals, communities and the environment. Today, with the future of the planet at risk, these words have never rung more true，” said the company.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了专注于健康食材和当地社区的连锁快餐店Sweetgreen。
5．What problem about food did Sweetgreen aim to solve initially
A．The complex process of production.
B．The time-consumption of packaging.
C．The trade-off between quality and accessibility.
D．The high costs between transportation and sale.
C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Tired of having to choose between slow but healthy food options and food that was fast but unhealthy, they made a commitment to offering quality and convenient food as a better option.”可知，他们厌倦了必须在“健康但耗时”和“快捷但不健康”之间作出选择，所以Sweetgreen最初旨在解决质量和便捷之间的权衡。故选C。
6．Why did Sweetgreen remove the words “organic” and “local” from its menu
A．To cut food sourcing expenses.
B．To promote local fresh specials.
C．To simplify the menu readability.
D．To highlight the central principle.
D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Therefore, transparency is at the very foundation of the company.”和第四段中“Even with that goal in mind, ...may have traveled further or come from a farm not officially recognized as organic.”可知，Sweetgreen移除“有机”和“本地”标签是为了在食材来源不符合标准时保持完全透明，这与其核心原则“透明性”一致。故选D。
7．Which word can best describe Sweetgreen
A．Conservative. B．Conventional.
C．Innovative. D．Invariable.
C 推理判断题。根据第三段中“That's why we're building a transparent （透明的） supply network.”和倒数第二段可知，Sweetgreen建立透明供应链，并寻求环保合作，均是创新举措。故选C。
8．What can be the best title for the text
A．Sweetgreen: Popularizing Fast-Food Restaurants
B．Sweetgreen: Pioneering Sustainable Food Practices
C．Sweetgreen: The New Approach to Organic Farming
D．Sweetgreen: Transparent Supply and Community Focus
B 标题归纳题。根据全文内容，结合第一段和倒数第二段中“In order to protect the environment, Sweetgreen focuses on selecting foods that are regionally sourced and sustainably grown.”可知，文章主要介绍了专注于健康食材和当地社区的连锁快餐店Sweetgreen，B项“Sweetgreen：开拓可持续食品实践”最适合作为标题。故选B。