高考英语二轮复习专题三完形填空第二讲凭借语言技能，逐层“完空”下的完形课件

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第二讲　凭借语言技能，逐层“完空”下的完形
完形填空在选材上注重价值引领、立德树人命题“金”线的贯彻，在命题“银”线上，主要体现语言技能水平的测试。语言功底的强弱，决定完形填空的成败。在解答完形填空时，可按“边读边填句内层次题―→明意句群后，再填句组层次题―→读完语篇，最后做语篇层次题，用‘逐层完空’”的流程来解题。这就要求考生在做完形填空时， 心中要始终有这三个层面， 认真甄别每道题是属于哪个层面， 然后再确定用何种方法来解题， 从而提高做题的准确度， 解题流程如下：
句内层次题仅需分析空格所在单句内部语境，依托本句信息和语感即可推断答案，可边读边填以复原原文。
句组层次题需分析相邻句子组成的语义单元(2－3 句或以上)，理解句间逻辑、语义衔接或情感递进后锁定答案。
原则1　利用词汇复现
完形填空的语篇围绕一个大话题展开，通常每个部分又围绕一个小话题展开，那么与话题相关的词汇免不了重复出现。所以，关注上下文，寻找词语复现现象是解完形填空题的一个重要手段。词语复现的常见情况：原词复现、同/近义词复现、反义词复现、同根词复现、同义、同范畴词复现等。通过近3年的高考可知，词汇复现作为一种命题风格，越来越受命题者的青睐。
技法1　原词复现
原词复现是指一个单词在一个语义场中以同样的词形反复出现，有时兼有词形变化。
[典例1]　
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager，a neighborhood friend 41.won a marathon race. Feeling motivated，I started running 42.regularly，but then two things happened. First，a girl I met one day told me she was 43.training for a “super”，referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then，the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles. To be honest，I 44.hated it! Between the girl making my__45__seem small and the pure boredom of jogging，I decided that the only 46.reason I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
45.A．advantage B．achievement C.contribution D．influence
[解题思路]　首句明确全文围绕 “他人成就对‘我’的激励与打击” 展开，核心词 “achievements” 点明话题。前文提到 “我” 受邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛的激励开始跑步，后遇“超级马拉松” 女孩， 女孩的成就与 “我” 的 15 英里形成对比，导致 “我” 的成果显得渺小。
此空achievement是第一段中的achievements的原词复现。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
B
技法2　同/近义词复现
同/近义词复现是指上下文中的某个甚至是多个句子出现了所填词的同/近义词，对所填词所在的句子起到了诠释或照应的作用。
[典例2]　(2025·全国一卷)I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional __46__， another asking for a price cut. As our 47.move day drew near, I settled on a new price ($0) and reposted it. The 48.description_:_“I hate this vase. Maybe you won't.” In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase.
46.A．fees B．photos C.receipts D．models
[解题思路]　前文 “I took a picture of the vase” 中 “picture” 与 “additional __46__” 形成同义词复现(picture＝photo)，买家想要 “更多照片” 符合网购物品时的常见需求。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
B
技法3　反义词复现
反义词复现是指上下文中的某个句子与所填词所在的句子表达了相反的意思，在原句和复现句之间常有but，however，or，while等词进行连接，表达相反或相对的含义。
[典例3]　(2025·浙江卷1月)The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a great deal of freedom, as 50.opposed to a restaurant where the service is 51.impersonal,_the menu is known in advance, and the meal is expected to be no 52.surprise．
“But it's also a great __53__， for it can sometimes take days to 54.organise a single event，” Ribeiro said. “This platform is not only 55.reserved for professional cooks, but also for those willing to discover new experiences.”
53.A．lesson B．pleasure
C．success D．challenge
[解题思路]　根据下文“it can sometimes take days to 54.organise a single event”可知，有时组织一个活动可能需要几天的时间，这是一件具有挑战性的事情。前文提到平台的 “优势(freedom)”，此处用 “But” 转折，说明 “挑战(challenge)”。“challenge” 与 “freedom” 形成反义词复现，体现利弊对比。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
D
技法4　同根词复现
完形填空的 “同根词复现”，指通过词根相同但词性、词形不同的词汇(如同根动词、名词、形容词等)在文中的呼应，推断空格处应填内容，实现语义上的内在关联。
[典例4]　(2024·浙江卷1月)Over several hours he would tell me about how he had 45.attended a two-year professional school to quickly find a job __46__ highways in order to help support his family.
…
It would have been easy to 51.rely_on my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home.
46.A．building B．sweeping
C.checking D．guarding
[解题思路]　利用同根词解题。根据下文可知年轻男子是高速公路工人，故此处年轻男子的工作是修建铁路，后文的builder和A项中的building是同根词，A选项符合语境。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
A
原则2　利用逻辑关系
逻辑关系指文章在语法或语意上的因果、转折、并列、顺承等关系。考生需透彻理解文意，判断句内或句组的上下文逻辑关系，同时掌握常见标志词(如 and, but, however, so, because 等)，以此选出正确答案。
技法1　利用因果关系
[典例1]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)To be honest, I 44.hated it! Between the girl making my 45.achievement seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 46.reason I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I __47__ cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot....
47.A．gave up B．went on C.turned to D．dealt with
[解题思路]　利用因果关系解题。由上文可知作者十分讨厌长跑，“so”这一连词提示此处表明因果逻辑关系，再结合下文作者说买了自行车并多次骑行，可知此处应选择作者把目标转向了骑行，C项符合语境。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
C　
技法2　利用转折关系
[典例2]　(2025·全国二卷)
Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved the __54__ wrong in the best possible way and has indeed become an 55.inspiration for many social media users.
54.A．instructors B．admirers
C．beginners D．doubters
[解题思路]　利用转折关系解题。句中 “but” 作为转折标志，暗示后文需体现 “打破这种质疑” 的逻辑。“doubters(怀疑者)”精准指向了那些持有 “她做不到” 这类负面看法的人，与前文 “laughed at” 所承载的 “质疑态度” 形成直接呼应：被怀疑者嘲笑→通过行动证明怀疑者错误。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
D
[典例3]　(2024·浙江卷1月)Over several hours he would tell me about how he had 45.attended a two-year professional school to quickly find a job 46.building highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps most __47__， however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.
47.A．typical B．obvious
C．natural D．remarkable
[解题思路]　利用转折关系解题。根据本句中的however表示语义转折关系可知，这个年轻人就读两年制职业学校后很快找到了修建高速公路的工作以帮助养家糊口，但是这个年轻人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习，由此可推知，这是最非凡的品质。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
　D
技法3　利用并列关系
[典例4]　(2024·全国甲卷)There，they would walk through deep water，sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their __52__ while they watched all action going on around them.
52.A．secret B．breath
C． view D．tongue
[解题思路]　利用并列关系解题。根据上文“they would walk through deep water，sit down cross-legged underwater and hold”可知，此处描述的是他们下水的一系列并列动作，在水下肯定是屏住呼吸。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
　B
技法4　利用顺承关系
[典例5]　(2025·北京卷)One day, during a class in the IT lab with my classmates, our teacher mentioned missing computer parts. 2.Curious looks exchanged, everyone wondered how it could happen in a(n) 3.locked lab. “It's possible to open that lock with another key，” I said. Instantly, eyes turned to me with newfound interest and curiosity. It was a rush I had never experienced before. Enjoying all the eyes on me, I __4__ how to open the lock.
4.A．discovered B．recommended
C． demonstrated D．imagined
[解题思路]　利用顺承关系解题。前文提到 “我说能用另一把钥匙打开锁，大家的目光都转向我，我很享受这种被关注的感觉”。按照事情发展的顺承逻辑，在说出能打开锁且享受关注之后，接下来自然会是“展示”如何打开锁，这样才能承接上文的情境。体现了“说能开锁—被关注—展示开锁” 这一顺承的动作链条。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
C
原则3　利用固定搭配
在完形填空中，固定搭配是重要的解题线索，包括动词与介词、名词与介词、形容词与介词的搭配，以及固定短语、习语等。这类搭配体现了语言的习惯性用法，通过识别文中的搭配关系，能快速锁定正确答案。
[典例1]　(2025·全国一卷)My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 41.emptying_out the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up. We had decided on key items for the 42.apartment_we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to 43.store our supposedly important objects. That left a house still __44__ with things that, while not particularly 45.valuable,_didn't belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
44.A．covered B．decorated C.stuffed D．equipped
[解题思路]　利用固定搭配：“be stuffed with” 意为 “塞满、挤满”，强调房屋内仍堆满未处理的物品，符合 “虽然决定了带走、捐赠和存放的物品，但仍有剩余” 的语境。be covered with覆盖、be decorated with装饰、be equipped with配备，均不符合 “堆满杂物” 的描述。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
C　
[典例2]　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)During my first visit to Italy, I 42.struggled to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to __43__ a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 44.praised my language skills.
43.A．string B．hang
C． mix D．match
[解题思路]　利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题。string...together为固定搭配，意为“把……连在一起”。此处用来指作者努力把句子串起来。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
A
原则4　利用生活常识
高考完形填空所采用的文章不仅故事性、逻辑性比较强，语篇中还交织渗透着各种背景知识和常识。考生在做题时，除了通过上下文来判断之外，还可以充分利用个人的经验和常识来快速、准确地选定答案。
[典例1]　(2025·全国二卷)“Hold on. Consider failure as a __50__ to success and never give up. Stick to your plan，” she said. “51.Help others. Lift others up on your journey. Success is sweeter when 52.shared．” She previously explained that “you do not need to have an amazing body to exercise...the 53.goal is to feel good, not look good.”
50.A．green light B．road block C ． passing mark D．stepping stone
[解题思路]　结合生活常识，人们常将失败视为成功过程中的铺垫或助力，而非阻碍。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
D
[典例2]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 41.won a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running __42__， but then two things happened.
42.A．regularly B．silently C． proudly D．recently
[解题思路]　结合生活常识，作者小时候邻居朋友马拉松获奖经历激励了他，根据生活常识，在此激励下，作者应当开始定期跑步。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
A　
原则5　利用语境暗示法
在完形填空解题中，语境暗示分析法通过捕捉上下文的逻辑关系、情感基调、场景细节等隐含信息，推断出符合语境的答案。通过语境暗示分析，能跳出孤立的句子，从整体逻辑中找到答案，是完形填空最根本的解题思路。
[典例]　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)After I made Italy my permanent home，I discovered how __46__ Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 47.remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.
46.A．open-minded B．strong-willed
C．warm-hearted D．well-informed
[解题思路]　利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据下文关键信息：邻居们会给“我”送来新鲜的奶酪和关键信息：下雨的时候会来“我”家门口提醒我关上车窗，可推知作者发现意大利人都很热心。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
C　
原则6　利用作者的态度或情感
在做完形填空题时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇，通过锁定情感线索，能精准把握语境的内在逻辑，避免脱离作者态度的主观选择。
[典例]　(2025·北京卷)The headmaster asked my father to come to school, whose shaky faith in me brought a mix of relief and __8__. My father gently asked me if I understood the gravity of my actions. 9.Tearfully,_I confessed my misguided longing for recognition. In the headmaster's office, my father listened attentively, and then spoke with quiet authority: “I trust my son. He is not a thief.”
8.A．pride B．patience C.shame D．surprise
[解题思路]　利用作者的态度或情感解题。空格前提到 “父亲对我的信任开始动摇(shaky faith in me)”，这一场景下，作者的情感应是复杂的：一方面因父亲到场而感到一丝 “解脱(relief)”，另一方面，因辜负父亲信任而产生的愧疚感，与 “relief” 形成情感上的对比，体现了作者内心的矛盾与自责。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
C
技法1　首尾定向法——通读全文明大意，细研首尾定方向
完形填空所选短文一般没有标题，但首句是一个不设空的完整句子，往往点明故事发生的人物(who)，时间(when)，地点(where)和事件(what)等背景知识。
完形填空语篇层次题需要读完全文才能做出正确选择，有时某个空呼应全文主题，需要结合全文主题(往往是开头首句)才能作答。此类跳跃性较强的设空需要考生牢牢把握住首尾呼应，结合鲜明统一的主题来敲定答案。
[典例1]　(2025·全国一卷)One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn't seen daylight since my wedding.
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy __41__ the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up. We had decided on key items for the 42.apartment we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to 43.store our supposedly important objects.
41.A．painting over B．looking around
C．emptying out D．pulling down
[解题思路]　首句通过 “玻璃花瓶自婚礼后未露面” 暗示房屋中存放了大量长期闲置的物品，为后文 “处理物品、清空房子” 埋下伏笔，明确了段落的核心动作是 “处理房屋内的物品，为搬离做准备”。 empty out “清空”，符合语境。
[自主解答]　　　　　.
C
[典例2]　(2024·全国甲卷)One day，we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside，I was left alone in the 41.kitchen to help my grandmother wash dishes. 42.As_always my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood.
...
My childhood is quite 55.happy compared with hers. I am 56.grateful that I did not need to 57.go_through the hardships like she did. I've never faced the problem of 58.education. I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to 59.talk to：Her stories always make my history textbooks __60__．
60．A．come true 　B．come round 　C．come out 　D．come alive
[解题思路]　利用首尾呼应关系解题。根据文章首段“作者很熟悉奶奶的童年，奶奶会告诉作者关于她童年的故事”， 因此， 首段应呼应尾段“不同的童年背景使奶奶成为一个令人惊叹的聊天对象，她的故事总是让作者的历史教科书变得生动起来。”
[自主解答]　　　　　.
D
技法2　情节线索法——细读语篇思情节，归纳要素明线索
完形填空语篇多以记叙文六要素为主线展开，偶尔采用插叙或倒叙，但前后文信息围绕主线呼应。因此考生解题时需理清事件发展线索，明确谁做了什么、结果如何。
[典例]　(2025·全国二卷)Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma． She only started to __41__ seven years ago after having a 42.wake-up call. She'd been struggling with eating disorders and health issues, which 43.ultimately led her to getting surgery. After that experience, she knew that she needed to make a __44__. Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a __45__ lifestyle, before discovering a 46.passion for weightlifting.
41.A．write B．travel
C．exercise D．recover
44．A．change B．fortune
C．wish D．deal
45．A．risky B．traditional
C．comfortable D．healthy
[解题思路]　根据记叙文的六要素将本篇完形填空的事件发展线索勾勒如下：
When seven years ago(七年前)至今
Who Evelyn Donohue(65 岁的奶奶)、社交媒体上的关注者(隐含)
Why 曾受饮食失调和健康问题困扰，最终接受手术；术后意识到需要改变，决心重塑生活
How 开始锻炼，遵循健康的生活方式，发现对举重的热爱；在社交媒体分享健身内容，传播理念
What 通过锻炼和健康生活改善状态，尤其热爱举重；练出肌肉，在社交媒体积累了大量粉丝，分享健身内容和人生感悟
[线索]　本篇完形的核心情节线索：健康危机→决心改变→坚持锻炼→获得认可。
前文 “eating disorders and health issues”“getting surgery” 说明她因健康问题触发了某种行动，而这种行动需与后文 “锻炼” 构成逻辑连贯的情节。有后文“Ms Donohue began to work out”可知，此处指她在一次警醒之后开始锻炼。决心改变自己的生活，多诺霍女士开始锻炼身体并遵循健康的生活方式，后来她发现自己对举重产生了兴趣。
[自主解答]　　　　　　　.
C　A　D
技法3　角色渗透法——人物动作多关注，设身处地细品味
每篇完形填空都会有一个或几个重要人物，而主要人物会发出一定顺序的行为动作，这些动作连起来会构成一个引人注目的故事，因此考生在解题时要仔细品味主要人物的动作。
[典例]　(2025·浙江卷1月)“It's a great opportunity to share my passion for food and to __47__ new people，” said Ribeiro. Sometimes she prepares traditional Brazilian dishes __48__ her native home; other times she __49__ dinner courses with her favorite beers.
47.A．hire B．help C.meet D．train
48．A．in addition to B．in return for
C． in honor of D．in line with
49．A．replaces B．tastes C．orders D．pairs
[解题思路]
47．当一个人分享自己热爱的事物时，最可能伴随的是与他人产生联系，“结识新朋友” 是顺理成章的动作。
48．一个人制作家乡传统菜时，往往带有对家乡的特殊情感，“致敬家乡” 让动作更具温度。
49．一个热爱食物的人，会注重菜品与饮品的搭配以提升体验，“搭配(pair)” 是符合其身份的细致动作。
[自主解答]　　　　　　　.
C　C　D
技法4　情感分析法——细琢词汇画外音，褒贬语境话曲直
完形填空大多是记叙文，在记叙过程中，经常会出现大量的动作、心理、神态和环境描写，其中心理和神态描写往往反映主人公的观点、态度和情感等。考生在做完形填空时，要仔细体会作者所用词汇的褒贬含义，揣摩作者的思想和情感。通过分析词汇的感彩，准确把握褒贬语境，很多题目就可以迎刃而解。
[典例]　(2025·全国二卷)Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved the 54.doubters wrong in the best possible way and has indeed become an __55__ for many social media users.
55.A．authority B．excuse
C．inspiration D．option
[解题思路]　前文提到 Ms Donohue 曾因年龄大被嘲笑不适合健身，但她用行动证明了质疑者的错误。整体情感基调是积极、励志的，强调她通过坚持获得的正面影响。 “inspiration” 一词不仅呼应了前文她分享健身内容、传递正能量的行为，更凸显了她从 “被质疑者” 到 “激励者” 的情感升华，符合语境中 “否定—突破—正向影响” 的情感曲线。
[自主解答]　　　 　　.
C
练重点练难点 创新应用体验
(2025·江西十校协作体第二次联考)
A Turn in Life
If I hadn't been a struggling violinist, I might never have become a writer.
In fourth grade, my school __1__ an orchestra program: I was enthusiastic about it and __2__ signed up with my friend Irene.
Our strict teacher, Mr. Baumgartner, warned us that damaging instruments would get us __3__ of the program. Unfortunately, while practicing, the bridge of my violin __4__ broke. Fearful of __5__， I tried fixing it with glue. But when he saw the __6__ repair, he said, “You can't stay in the orchestra．” __7__， he suggested I join the glee club.
I __8__ to the glee club and surprisingly found pleasure in singing with others despite my ordinary voice. Later, I signed up for the All City Honor Chorus and __9__！ After a performance, our English teacher asked if anyone wanted to write an article for the school newspaper. For some unknown reason, I __10__ my hand. I loved reading, but I had never thought about writing before.
However, seeing my words in print __11__ me. The next year, I became the newspaper's __12__. I realized writing was my true __13__. Looking back, I understand that if I hadn't broken my violin and joined the glee club, I might never have discovered my love for writing.
Years later, I met Irene, now a professional violinist. I thought, “That could have been me.” But Mr. Baumgartner's kindness led me to a different path—one filled with words and stories. I'm grateful for that __14__. Sometimes, __15__ moments light our way.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者因为预料之外的事情发现了自己真正的激情，作者感激那次人生中的转折，认为有时候，生活中的意外时刻会指引我们走向新的道路。
1．A．released B．launched C．introduced D．recommended
2．A．reluctantly B．doubtfully C．eagerly D．randomly
3．A．kicked out B．take over C．give away D．break out
4．A．slowly B．smoothly C．suddenly D．quietly
5．A．joy B．punishment C．reward D．word
6．A．perfect B．invisible C．rough D．expensive
7．A．Instead B．Besides C．Therefore D．Suddenly
8．A．returned B．switched C．objected D．contributed
9．A．failed B．hesitated C．succeeded D．refused
10．A．lowered B．shook C．raised D．hid
11．A．bored B．confused C．inspired D．frightened
12．A．editor B．cleaner C．dancer D．driver
13．A．hobby B．mistake C．passion D．duty
14．A．path B．journey C．turn D．destination
15．A．planned B．unexpected C．regular D．dangerous
1．B　根据下文“an orchestra program”可知，学校启动了一个管弦乐队项目。故选B。
2．C　根据上文“I was enthusiastic about it”可知，作者对那个项目充满热情，所以急切地报了名。故选C。
3．A　根据上文“damaging instruments”可知，损坏乐器会让作者被踢出这个项目。故选A。
4．C　根据下文“broke”可知，作者的小提琴的琴桥突然断了。故选C。
5．B　根据上文“damaging instruments would get us 　3　 of the program”可知，作者的琴坏了，所以害怕被惩罚，就试着用胶水粘。故选B。
6．C　根据上文“I tried fixing it with glue”可知，作者试着用胶水粘，所以修补得比较粗糙。故选C。
7．A　根据下文“he suggested I join the glee club”可知，相反，老师建议作者加入合唱团。故选A。
8．B　根据上文“I join the glee club”可知，作者转到欢乐合唱团，空格处意为“调换”。故选B。
9．C　根据下文“After a performance”可知，作者参加合唱团成功了。故选C。
10．C　根据上文“For some unknown reason”可知，作者举了手。故选C。
11．C　根据下文“The next year, I became the newspaper's 　12　Ｗ．”可知，所以作者受到了启发。故选C。
12．A　根据下文“I might never have discovered my love for writing”可知，作者成了报社的编辑。故选A。
13．C　根据下文“my love for writing”可知，写作是作者真正热爱的东西。故选C。
14．C　根据上文“Mr. Baumgartner's kindness led me to a different path—one filled with words and stories”可知，作者很感激那个转变。故选C。
15．B　根据上一段“Looking back, I understand that if I hadn't broken my violin and joined the glee club, I might never have discovered my love for writing.”可知，作者转去写作是意料之外发生的，因此此处表示“意想不到的时刻照亮了我们的道路”。故选B。