课件：Unit 3 The world of colors and light-grammar and usage（共37张PPT）

课件37张PPT。Unit 32015年上学期制作 13Grammar and usage
Inversion2015年上学期制作 13Read the sentences below.Why did you elect him as captain?
There stand some big trees near the river.
John has never been late; Nor have I.
Were I you, I would not do such a thing.
Never have I seen such a wicked man.
Not until he told me had I heard anything of it.
Up jumped the dog. Inversion is the changing of the order of the words in a sentence. When we use inversion, we put all or part of the predicate before the subject. Inversion (倒装)倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。常见的结构有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等。
　 There goes the bell.
　 Then came the chairman.
　 Here is your letter.2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语是表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构里的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes.　　
Away they went.倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until … 等。
　Never have I seen such a performance.
　Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
　Not until the child fell asleep did his mother leave the room.　
当not until引出主从复合句时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 注意： 如否定词不在句首则不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题　　 1) --- Why can’t I smoke here?　--- At no time ___ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted　
B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted
D. does smoking permit
答案A. 答句是一个倒装句。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2) Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is. A. man did know　 B. man know　
C. didn’t man know　 D. did man know　
答案D.　 看到Not until … 的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C、D 中选一个。改写为正常语序为：Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。2) 句首为否定意义的关连词, 如： not only … but also, hardly / scarcely … when, no sooner … than　
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student
came to visit her.典型例题No sooner ___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began
B. has the game begun C. did the game begin
D. had the game begun
答案D. 具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only … but (also), no sooner … than, hardly … when scarcely … when等等。 注意：只有当not only … but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的not only … but also仅连接两个并列词语，不用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.3) so, neither, nor在表示“也”、“也不” 的结构中，句子要部分倒装。　　　　
　　Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
　　If you won't go, neither will I.典型例题--- Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?--- I don’t know, _____.
A. nor don’t I care　　 B. nor do I care　　 C. I don't care neither　D. I don't care also
答案：B。nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，意为“的确如此”，不用倒装结构。
　 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
　 --- It’s raining hard.　　　
--- So it is.4) only在句首要倒装的情况 Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.　
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.5）as / though引导的让步从句，将表语、状语或谓语的一部分前置（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前），表示强烈的对照。注意：
句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do
the work satisfactorily.
注意:
让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。其他部分倒装 so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中。
May you all be happy.
3) 在虚拟语气条件句中，从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again. Practice
______ that he could not speak for a long time.A. So frightened was he????
B. So frightened he was C. Was he so frightened??????
D. Frightened was he
2. Only when class began ______ that he had left his book at home.A. will he realize??? B. he did realize C. did he realize????? D. should he realizeAC 3. ______ that I couldn’t be absorbed in the work. A. They made such talked?? B. So loudly they talked C. It was noise outside???? D. Such a loud noise did they make
4. ______ I would see you here.
A. Little I dreamed B. Little do I dream
C. I dreamed little D. Little did I dream
5. _____the plane.
A. Flew down B. Down flew
C. Down was flying D. Down flyDDBInvert the sentences with negative words.1. I have never seen such beautiful flowers in the city.2. I do not have time to go to the museum today and I also do not want to.Never have I seen such beautiful flowers in the city. Neither do I have time to go to the museum today nor do I want to.3. I could hardly believe my eyes when I saw the sculpture in the museum.4.The poet is always writing; he is seldom seen without a notebook in his hand.Hardly could I believe my eyes when I saw the sculpture in the museum.The poet is always writing; seldom is he seen without a notebook in his hand.巩固练习1. Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him.
A. did he begin
B. had he begun
C. he began
D. he had begunA 2. We laugh at jokes，but seldom ______ about how they work．
A．we think
B．think we
C．we do think
D．do we thinkD 3. — Is everyone here?
— Not yet … Look, there _____ the rest of our guests!
A. come
B. comes
C. is coming
D. are comingA4. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ______, one of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing
B. Chongqing lies
C. does lie Chongqing
D. does Chongqing lie A（2012重庆卷）The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor _____ it a thought.
A. does he even give
B. he even gives
C. will he even give
D. he will even giveC（2012天津卷）Only after Mary read her composition the second time _____ the spelling mistake.
A. did she notice
B. she noticed
C. does she notice
D. she has noticedA（2012江西卷）Never before _____ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
A. had she B. she had
C. has she D. she hasC（2012四川卷）This is not my story, nor _____ the whole story. My story plays out differently.
A. is there B. there is
C. is it D. it isC（2012辽宁卷）Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _____ having a holiday abroad.
A. he had considered
B. had he considered
C. he considered
D. did he considerD（2012上海卷）Only with the greatest of luck ___ to escape from the rising flood waters.
managed she
B. she managed
C. did she manage
D. she did manageC(2013湖南) Not once ________ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.
A. occurred it B. it did occur
C. it occurred D. did it occur
(2013江苏) “Never for a second ,” the boy says, “ _______ that my father would come to my rescue.”
A. I doubted B. do I doubt
C. I have doubted D. did I doubtDD(2013江西) Only when he apologizes for his rudeness _______ to him again.
A. I will speak B. will I speak C. do I speak D. I speak
(2013辽宁) At no time ________ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.
A. they actually broke B. do they actually break
C. did they actually break D. they had actually brokenBC